Ring-Size Memory of Galactose-Containing MS/MS Fragments: Application to the Detection of Galactofuranose in Oligosaccharides and Their Sequencing

Delineating Host-Guest-Solvent Interactions in Solution from Gas-Phase Host-Guest Configurations: Thermodynamic Reversal and Structural Correlation of 24-Crown-8/H+/Diaminopropanol Non-Covalent Complexes in Aqueous Solution vs. in the Gas Phase

We study the structures of 24-crown-8/H+/diaminopropanol (CR/DAPH+) and 24-crown-8/CsF/H+/diaminopropanol (CR/CsF/DAPH+) non-covalent host-guest complexes in both the gas phase and aqueous solution using the density functional theory (DFT) method. We examine the environment (complexation with CR vs. solvation) around the guest functional groups (ammoium, hydroxyl, and amino) in the CR/DAPH+ and CR/CsF/DAPH+ complexes. We find that the gas-phase configurations with the 'naked' hydroxyl/amino devoid of H-bonding with CR or CR/CsF are structurally correlated with the lowest Gibbs free energy conformers in aqueous solution in which the functional groups are solvated off the CR or CR/CsF host. We predict that the latter thermodynamically disadvantageous host-guest configurations would be identified in the gas phase by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, originating from the complexes in aqueous solution. This predicted 'thermodynamic reversal' and 'structural correlation' of the host-guest configurations in the gas phase vs. in solution are discussed in relation to the possibility of obtaining information on host-guest-solvent interactions in the solution phase from the gas-phase host-guest configurations.

Synthesis of galactomannan fragments to help NMR assignment of polysaccharides extracted from lichens

The synthesis of six model trisaccharides representative of galactomannans produced by lichens was performed through stereoselective glycosylation. These standards include linear and branched galactomannans bearing either galactofuranosyl or galactopyranosyl entities. The complete assignment of 1H and 13C signals for both forms of synthetically reduced oligosaccharides was performed. The resulting NMR data were used to quickly demonstrate the structural characteristics of minor polysaccharides within different extracts of three representative lichens.