1
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Vidal E, Zakharov LN, Gómez-García CJ, Haley MM. Probing the Influence of Alkyne Substitution on the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Diindeno[1,2- b;1',2'- i]anthracenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39302450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
To further the ability to manipulate the properties of open-shell molecules, logical and incremental modifications to molecular structure are key steps that provide fine-tuning of established diradicaloid scaffolds. We report the synthesis of an electronically "pure" diradicaloid based on a 2,6-anthroquinoidal core where the once necessary ethynyl "wings" are removed. Through the simplification of the overall electronic structure, the singlet-triplet energy gap increases by 0.3-0.4 kcal mol-1 in the reported diradicaloids while avoiding significant disruption to their optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Vidal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1433, United States
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjasot (Valencia) 46100, Spain
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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2
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Izu AE, Matxain JM, Casanova D. Reverse intersystem crossing mechanisms in doped triangulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11459-11468. [PMID: 38563957 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as one of the most promising strategies in the quest for organic light emitting diodes with optimal performance. This computational study dissects the mechanistic intricacies of the central photophysical step, reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) in N and B doped triangulenes as potential multi-resonance TADF compounds. Optimal molecular patterns conducive to efficient rISC, encompassing dopant atom size, number, and distribution, are identified. Additionally, we assess various electronic structure methods for characterizing TADF-relevant molecular systems. The findings identify the distinct role of the direct and mediated mechanisms in rISC, and provide insights into the design of advanced TADF chromophores for next-generation OLED technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier E Izu
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
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3
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Wang Y, Gong WW, Zhao Y, Xing GY, Kang LX, Sha F, Huang ZY, Liu JW, Han YJ, Li P, Li DY, Liu PN. Two-Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In-Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318142. [PMID: 38265124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Precisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π-electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two-dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in-situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides and Au adatom-directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy-derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
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4
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Zhu Z, Lu J, Yuan S, He Y, Zheng F, Jiang H, Yan Y, Sun Q. Automated Generation and Analysis of Molecular Images Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Models. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1985-1992. [PMID: 38346383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has enabled unprecedented scientific discoveries through high-resolution imaging. Simulations and theoretical analysis of SPM images are equally important as obtaining experimental images since their comparisons provide fruitful understandings of the structures and physical properties of the investigated systems. So far, SPM image simulations are conventionally based on quantum mechanical theories, which can take several days in tasks of large-scale systems. Here, we have developed a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) molecular image simulation and analysis framework based on a generative adversarial model, CycleGAN. It allows efficient translations between STM data and molecular models. Our CycleGAN-based framework introduces an approach for high-fidelity STM image simulation, outperforming traditional quantum mechanical methods in efficiency and accuracy. We envision that the integration of generative networks and high-resolution molecular imaging opens avenues in materials discovery relying on SPM technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoxuan Yuan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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5
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Shil S, Bhattacharya D, Misra A, Bytautas L. Antiaromatic Molecules as Magnetic Couplers: A Computational Quest. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:815-828. [PMID: 38267395 PMCID: PMC10860145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate a set of organic diradical structures in which two oxo-verdazyl radicals are selected as radical spin centers that are connected (coupled) via six coupler molecules (CM), resulting in various magnetic (ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM)) characteristics, as reflected by their exchange coupling constants (J). We have designed 12 diradicals with 6-antiaromatic couplers coupled with bis-oxo-verdazyl diradicals with meta-meta (m-m) and para-meta (p-m) positional connectivities. The nature of the magnetic coupling (ferromagnetic, nonmagnetic, or antiferromagnetic) and the magnitude of the exchange constant J depend on the type of coupler, the connecting point between each radical center and CM, the degree of aromaticity of the coupler, and the length of the through-bond distance between radical centers. The computed magnetic exchange coupling constants J for these diradicals at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MN12SX/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory are large for many of these structures, indicating strong ferromagnetic coupling (with positive J values). In some cases, magnetic couplings are observed with J > 1000 cm-1 (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) and strong antiferromagnetic coupling (with negative J values) with J < -1000 cm-1 (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)). Similarly, in some cases, magnetic couplings are observed with J > 289 cm-1 (MN12SX/6-311++G(d,p)) and strong antiferromagnetic coupling (with negative J values) with J < -568 cm-1 (MN12SX/6-311++G(d,p)). Furthermore, while numerous studies have reported that the degree of aromaticity of molecular couplers often favors strong ferromagnetic coupling, displaying the high-spin character of diradicals in their ground states, the couplers chosen in this study are characterized as antiaromatic or nonaromatic. The current investigation provides evidence that, remarkably, antiaromatic couplers are able to enhance stability by favoring electronic diradical structures with very strong ferromagnetic coupling when the length of the through-bond distance and connectivity pattern between radical centers are selected in such a way that the FM coupling is optimized. The findings in this study offer new strategies in the design of novel organic materials with interesting magnetic properties for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjan Shil
- Manipal
Centre for Natural Sciences (Centre of Excellence), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | - Anirban Misra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri 734013, India
| | - Laimutis Bytautas
- Department
of Chemistry, Galveston College, 4015 Avenue Q, Galveston, Texas 77550, United States
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6
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Zhong Q, Jung J, Kohrs D, Kaczmarek LA, Ebeling D, Mollenhauer D, Wegner HA, Schirmeisen A. Deciphering the Mechanism of On-Surface Dehydrogenative C-C Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1849-1859. [PMID: 38226612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has proven to be a powerful approach for fabricating various low-dimensional covalent nanostructures with atomic precision that could be challenging for conventional solution chemistry. Dehydrogenative Caryl-Caryl coupling is one of the most popular on-surface reactions, of which the mechanisms, however, have not been well understood due to the lack of microscopic insights into the intermediates that are fleetingly existing under harsh reaction conditions. Here, we bypass the most energy-demanding initiation step to generate and capture some of the intermediates at room temperature (RT) via the cyclodehydrobromination of 1-bromo-8-phenylnaphthalene on a Cu(111) surface. Bond-level scanning probe imaging and manipulation in combination with DFT calculations allow for the identification of chemisorbed radicals, cyclized intermediates, and dehydrogenated products. These intermediates correspond to three main reaction steps, namely, debromination, cyclization (radical addition), and H elimination. H elimination is the rate-determining step as evidenced by the predominant cyclized intermediates. Furthermore, we reveal a long-overlooked pathway of dehydrogenation, namely, atomic hydrogen-catalyzed H shift and elimination, based on the observation of intermediates for H shift and superhydrogenation and the proof of a self-amplifying effect of the reaction. This pathway is further corroborated by comprehensive theoretical analysis on the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhong
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jannis Jung
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Kohrs
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - L Alix Kaczmarek
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
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7
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Calupitan JP, Berdonces-Layunta A, Aguilar-Galindo F, Vilas-Varela M, Peña D, Casanova D, Corso M, de Oteyza DG, Wang T. Emergence of π-Magnetism in Fused Aza-Triangulenes: Symmetry and Charge Transfer Effects. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9832-9840. [PMID: 37870305 PMCID: PMC10722538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has paved the way toward the fabrication and characterization of conjugated carbon-based molecular materials that exhibit π-magnetism such as triangulenes. Aza-triangulene, a nitrogen-substituted derivative, was recently shown to display rich on-surface chemistry, offering an ideal platform to investigate structure-property relations regarding spin-selective charge transfer and magnetic fingerprints. Herein, we study electronic changes upon fusion of single molecules into larger dimeric derivatives. We show that the closed-shell structure of aza-triangulene on Ag(111) leads to closed-shell dimers covalently coupled through sterically accessible carbon atoms. Meanwhile, its open-shell structure on Au(111) leads to coupling via atoms displaying a high spin density, resulting in symmetric or asymmetric products. Interestingly, whereas all dimers on Au(111) exhibit similar charge transfer properties, only asymmetric ones show magnetic fingerprints due to spin-selective charge transfer. These results expose clear relationships among molecular symmetry, charge transfer, and spin states of π-conjugated carbon-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Patrick Calupitan
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Galindo
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Nanomaterials
and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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8
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Qin T, Guo D, Xiong J, Li X, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Wu Y, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Wang T, Zhu J. Synthesis of a Porous [14]Annulene Graphene Nanoribbon and a Porous [30]Annulene Graphene Nanosheet on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306368. [PMID: 37401637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based materials can be tuned by the introduction of nanopores, which are sensitively related to the size, morphology, density, and location of nanopores. The synthesis of low-dimensional graphene nanostructures containing well-defined nonplanar nanopores has been challenging due to the intrinsic steric hindrance. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing periodic nonplanar [14]annulene pores on Ag(111) and two-dimensional (2D) porous graphene nanosheet containing periodic nonplanar [30]annulene pores on Au(111), starting from a same precursor. The formation of distinct products on the two substrates originates from the different thermodynamics and kinetics of coupling reactions. The reaction mechanisms were confirmed by a series of control experiments, and the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for optimizing the reaction pathways were proposed. In addition, the combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the electronic structures of porous graphene structures, demonstrating the impact of nonplanar pores on the π-conjugation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yulun Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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