1
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Xu H, Chakraborty R, Adak AK, Das A, Yang B, Meier D, Riss A, Reichert J, Narasimhan S, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. On-Surface Isomerization of Indigo within 1D Coordination Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319162. [PMID: 38235942 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are attractive components to tailor environmentally friendly advanced new materials. We present surface-confined metallosupramolecular engineering of coordination polymers using natural dyes as molecular building blocks: indigo and the related Tyrian purple. Both building blocks yield identical, well-defined coordination polymers composed of (1 dehydroindigo : 1 Fe) repeat units on two different silver single crystal surfaces. These polymers are characterized atomically by submolecular resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy, bond-resolving atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On Ag(100) and on Ag(111), the trans configuration of dehydroindigo results in N,O-chelation in the polymer chains. On the more inert Ag(111) surface, the molecules additionally undergo thermally induced isomerization from the trans to the cis configuration and afford N,N- plus O,O-chelation. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the coordination polymers of the cis-isomers on Ag(111) and of the trans-isomers on Ag(100) are energetically favoured. Our results demonstrate post-synthetic linker isomerization in interfacial metal-organic nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Xu
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ritam Chakraborty
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Adak
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur, Bangalore, 560054, India
- Current address: The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Arpan Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Biao Yang
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dennis Meier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shobhana Narasimhan
- Theoretical Sciences Unit & School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department E20, James Franck Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
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2
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Wang Y, Gong WW, Zhao Y, Xing GY, Kang LX, Sha F, Huang ZY, Liu JW, Han YJ, Li P, Li DY, Liu PN. Two-Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In-Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318142. [PMID: 38265124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Precisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π-electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two-dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in-situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides and Au adatom-directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy-derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o-diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
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3
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Berg I, Schio L, Reitz J, Molteni E, Lahav L, Bolaños CG, Goldoni A, Grazioli C, Fratesi G, Hansmann MM, Floreano L, Gross E. Self-Assembled Monolayers of N-Heterocyclic Olefins on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311832. [PMID: 37743324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) have been prepared on Au(111) and their thermal stability, adsorption geometry, and molecular order were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The strong σ-bond character of NHO anchoring to Au induced high geometrical flexibility that enabled a flat-lying adsorption geometry via coordination to a gold adatom. The flat-lying adsorption geometry was utilized to further increase the surface interaction of the NHO monolayer by backbone functionalization with methyl groups that induced high thermal stability and a large impact on work-function values, which outperformed that of N-heterocyclic carbenes. STM measurements, supported by DFT modeling, identified that the NHOs were self-assembled in dimers, trimers, and tetramers constructed of two, three, and four complexes of NHO-Au-adatom. This self-assembly pattern was correlated to strong NHO-Au interactions and steric hindrance between adsorbates, demonstrating the crucial influence of the carbon-metal σ-bond on monolayer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Luca Schio
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Justus Reitz
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Molteni
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli'' Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Linoy Lahav
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | | | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli'' Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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4
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Qin T, Guo D, Xiong J, Li X, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Wu Y, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Wang T, Zhu J. Synthesis of a Porous [14]Annulene Graphene Nanoribbon and a Porous [30]Annulene Graphene Nanosheet on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306368. [PMID: 37401637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based materials can be tuned by the introduction of nanopores, which are sensitively related to the size, morphology, density, and location of nanopores. The synthesis of low-dimensional graphene nanostructures containing well-defined nonplanar nanopores has been challenging due to the intrinsic steric hindrance. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing periodic nonplanar [14]annulene pores on Ag(111) and two-dimensional (2D) porous graphene nanosheet containing periodic nonplanar [30]annulene pores on Au(111), starting from a same precursor. The formation of distinct products on the two substrates originates from the different thermodynamics and kinetics of coupling reactions. The reaction mechanisms were confirmed by a series of control experiments, and the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for optimizing the reaction pathways were proposed. In addition, the combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the electronic structures of porous graphene structures, demonstrating the impact of nonplanar pores on the π-conjugation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yulun Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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5
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Barragán A, Nicolás-García T, Lauwaet K, Sánchez-Grande A, Urgel JI, Björk J, Pérez EM, Écija D. Design and Manipulation of a Minimalistic Hydrocarbon Nanocar on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212395. [PMID: 36445791 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanocars are carbon-based single-molecules with a precise design that facilitates their atomic-scale control on a surface. The rational design of these molecules is important in atomic and molecular-scale manipulation to advance the development of molecular machines, as well as for a better understanding of self-assembly, diffusion and desorption processes. Here, we introduce the molecular design and construction of a collection of minimalistic nanocars. They feature an anthracene chassis and four benzene derivatives as wheels. After sublimation and adsorption on an Au(111) surface, we show controlled and fast manipulation of the nanocars along the surface using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The mechanism behind the successful displacement is the induced dipole created over the nanocar by the STM tip. We utilized carbon monoxide functionalized tips both to avoid decomposition and accidentally picking the nanocars up during the manipulation. This strategy allowed thousands of maneuvers to successfully win the Nanocar Race II championship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barragán
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Nicolás-García
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16200, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Kawaguchi R, Hashimoto K, Kakudate T, Katoh K, Yamashita M, Komeda T. Spatially Resolving Electron Spin Resonance of π-Radical in Single-molecule Magnet. Nano Lett 2023; 23:213-219. [PMID: 36585948 PMCID: PMC9838557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The spintronic properties of magnetic molecules have attracted significant scientific attention. Special emphasis has been placed on the qubit for quantum information processing. The single-molecule magnet bis(phthalocyaninato (Pc)) Tb(III) (TbPc2) is one of the best examined cases in which the delocalized π-radical electron spin of the Pc ligand plays the key role in reading and intermediating the localized Tb spin qubits. We utilized the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique implemented on a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and use it to measure local the ESR of a single TbPc2 molecule decoupled from the Cu(100) substrate by a two-monolayer NaCl film to identify the π-radical spin. We detected the ESR signal at the ligand positions under the resonance condition expected for an S = 1/2 spin. The results reveal that the π-radical electron is delocalized within the ligands and exhibits intramolecular coupling susceptible to the chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kawaguchi
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, Sendai980-0877, Japan
| | - Katsushi Hashimoto
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
- Center
for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kakudate
- Department
of Industrial Systems Engineering, National
Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Hachinohe
College, 16-1 Uwanotai, Tamonoki, Hachinohe039-1192, Japan
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama350-0295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tadahiro Komeda
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, Sendai980-0877, Japan
- Center
for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
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7
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Zou Z, Sala A, Panighel M, Tosi E, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Scardamaglia M, Kokkonen E, Cepek C, Africh C, Comelli G, Günther S, Patera LL. In Situ Observation of C-C Coupling and Step Poisoning During the Growth of Hydrocarbon Chains on Ni(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213295. [PMID: 36325959 PMCID: PMC10108169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of high-value fuels and plastics starting from small hydrocarbon molecules plays a central role in the current transition towards renewable energy. However, the detailed mechanisms driving the growth of hydrocarbon chains remain to a large extent unknown. Here we investigated the formation of hydrocarbon chains resulting from acetylene polymerization on a Ni(111) model catalyst surface. Exploiting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy up to near-ambient pressures, the intermediate species and reaction products have been identified. Complementary in situ scanning tunneling microscopy observations shed light onto the C-C coupling mechanism. While the step edges of the metal catalyst are commonly assumed to be the active sites for the C-C coupling, we showed that the polymerization occurs instead on the flat terraces of the metallic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zou
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sala
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mirco Panighel
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Esko Kokkonen
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Cepek
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Laerte L Patera
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Dong Y, Lemay JC, Zeng Y, Groves MN, McBreen PH. Substrate Tumbling in a Chemisorbed Diastereomeric α-Ketoester/1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210076. [PMID: 36087075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data for α-ketoester/1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine complexes on Pt(111) reveal a tumbling motion that couples two neighboring binding states. The interconversion, resulting in prochiral inversion of the α-ketoester, occurs in single complexes without breaking them apart. This is a surprising observation because the overall motion requires rotation of the α-ketoester away from the surface without branching exclusively into diffusion away from the complex or desorption. The multi-step interconversion is rationalized in terms of sequences of bound states that combine transient H-bond interactions with the chiral molecule and weakened adsorption interactions with the metal. The observation of tumbling in single long-lived complexes is of relevance to self-assembly and directed molecular motion on surfaces, to ligand-controlled surface reactions, and most directly to stereocontrol in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Christian Lemay
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yang Zeng
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michael N Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Peter H McBreen
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
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9
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Navarro JJ, Das M, Tosoni S, Landwehr F, Koy M, Heyde M, Pacchioni G, Glorius F, Roldan Cuenya B. Growth of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Assemblies on Cu(100) and Cu(111): From Single Molecules to Magic-Number Islands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202127. [PMID: 35468246 PMCID: PMC9401596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have superior properties as building blocks of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Understanding the influence of the substrate in the molecular arrangement is a fundamental step before employing these ligands in technological applications. Herein, we study the molecular arrangement of a model NHC on Cu(100) and Cu(111). While mostly disordered phases appear on Cu(100), on Cu(111) well‐defined structures are formed, evolving from magic‐number islands to molecular ribbons with coverage. This work presents the first example of magic‐number islands formed by NHC assemblies on flat surfaces. Diffusion and commensurability are key factors explaining the observed arrangements. These results shed light on the molecule‐substrate interaction and open the possibility of tuning nanopatterned structures based on NHC assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Navarro
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Felix Landwehr
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Heyde
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Grossmann L, Ringel E, Rastgoo-Lahrood A, King BT, Rosen J, Heckl WM, Opris D, Björk J, Lackinger M. Steering Self-Assembly of Three-Dimensional Iptycenes on Au(111) by Tuning Molecule-Surface Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201044. [PMID: 35287247 PMCID: PMC9325367 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of three-dimensional molecules is scarcely studied on surfaces. Their modes of adsorption can exhibit far greater variability compared to (nearly) planar molecules that adsorb mostly flat on surfaces. This additional degree of freedom can have decisive consequences for the expression of intermolecular binding motifs, hence the formation of supramolecular structures. The determining molecule-surface interactions can be widely tuned, thereby providing a new powerful lever for crystal engineering in two dimensions. Here, we study the self-assembly of triptycene derivatives with anthracene blades on Au(111) by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Density Functional Theory. The impact of molecule-surface interactions was experimentally tested by comparing pristine with iodine-passivated Au(111) surfaces. Thereby, we observed a fundamental change of the adsorption mode that triggered self-assembly of an entirely different structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grossmann
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Ringel
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Atena Rastgoo-Lahrood
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin T King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0216, USA
| | - Johanna Rosen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, IFM, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dorina Opris
- Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, IFM, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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11
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Biswas K, Urgel JI, Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. Synthesis and Characterization of peri-Heptacene on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114983. [PMID: 35170842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of long n-peri-acenes (n-PAs) is challenging as a result of their inherent open-shell radical character, which arises from the presence of parallel zigzag edges beyond a certain n value. They are considered as π-electron model systems to study magnetism in graphene nanostructures; being potential candidates in the fabrication of optoelectronic and spintronic devices. Here, we report the on-surface formation of the largest pristine member of the n-PA family, i.e. peri-heptacene (n=7, 7-PA), obtained on an Au(111) substrate under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Our high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy investigations, complemented by theoretical simulations, provide insight into the chemical structure of this previously elusive compound. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals the antiferromagnetic open-shell singlet ground state of 7-PA, exhibiting singlet-triplet spin-flip inelastic excitations with an effective exchange coupling (Jeff ) of 49 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Zhang Y, Trainer DJ, Narayanan B, Li Y, Ngo AT, Khadka S, Neogi A, Fisher B, Curtiss LA, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Hla SW. One-Dimensional Lateral Force Anisotropy at the Atomic Scale in Sliding Single Molecules on a Surface. Nano Lett 2021; 21:6391-6397. [PMID: 34283625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using a q+ atomic force microscopy at low temperature, a sexiphenyl molecule is slid across an atomically flat Ag(111) surface along the direction parallel to its molecular axis and sideways to the axis. Despite identical contact area and underlying surface geometry, the lateral force required to move the molecule in the direction parallel to its molecular axis is found to be about half of that required to move it sideways. The origin of the lateral force anisotropy observed here is traced to the one-dimensional shape of the molecule, which is further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. We also demonstrate that scanning tunneling microscopy can be used to determine the comparative lateral force qualitatively. The observed one-dimensional lateral force anisotropy may have important implications in atomic scale frictional phenomena on materials surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Daniel J Trainer
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Badri Narayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sushila Khadka
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Arnab Neogi
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Brandon Fisher
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Saw Wai Hla
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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13
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Özgür Özer H. Atomic resolution force imaging through the static deflection of the cantilever in simultaneous Scanning Tunneling/Atomic Force Microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 196:54-7. [PMID: 30278318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report simultaneous Force -static deflection of the cantilever-, Force Gradient and Scanning Tunneling topography images of Si(111)(7 × 7) surface using an off-resonance small amplitude non-contact atomic force microscopy technique with improved force sensitivity. The signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber interferometer used to detect the deflections of the cantilever was improved by applying an RF-modulation into the diode laser, which suppresses the noise in the laser. The measured sensitivity of ∼20 fm/√Hz allows us to obtain atom resolved images of the surface in static deflection of the cantilever, simultaneously with the other imaging channels.
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14
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Pia AD, Lisi S, Luca OD, Warr DA, Lawrence J, Otrokov MM, Aliev ZS, Chulkov EV, Agostino RG, Arnau A, Papagno M, Costantini G. TCNQ Physisorption on the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2405-2410. [PMID: 29847012 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Topological insulators are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their topologically protected, spin-momentum locked and gapless surface states. The breaking of the time-reversal symmetry after the introduction of magnetic impurities, such as 3d transition metal atoms embedded in two-dimensional molecular networks, could lead to several phenomena interesting for device fabrication. The first step towards the fabrication of metal-organic coordination networks on the surface of a topological insulator is to investigate the adsorption of the pure molecular layer, which is the aim of this study. Here, the effect of the deposition of the electron acceptor 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) molecules on the surface of a prototypical topological insulator, bismuth selenide (Bi2 Se3 ), is investigated. Scanning tunneling microscope images at low-temperature reveal the formation of a highly ordered two-dimensional molecular network. The essentially unperturbed electronic structure of the topological insulator observed by photoemission spectroscopy measurements demonstrates a negligible charge transfer between the molecular layer and the substrate. Density functional theory calculations confirm the picture of a weakly interacting adsorbed molecular layer. These results reveal significant potential of TCNQ for the realization of metal-organic coordination networks on the topological insulator surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Simone Lisi
- Institut Néel, 25 Rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Oreste De Luca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniel A Warr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mikhail M Otrokov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080, San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ziya S Aliev
- Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, AZ1010, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Evgueni V Chulkov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080, San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raffaele G Agostino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080, San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marco Papagno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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