1
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Biasin P, Safari M, Ghidorsi E, Baronio S, Scardamaglia M, Preobrajenski A, de Gironcoli S, Baroni S, Vesselli E. From borophene polymorphs towards a single honeycomb borophane phase: reduction of hexagonal boron layers on Al(111). Nanoscale 2023; 15:18407-18414. [PMID: 37936532 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent interest in characterizing 2D boron polymorphs has led to claims of the first stabilization of a honeycomb phase with conical Dirac-like electron dispersion. However, the synthesis of chemically stable, single, and homogeneous 2D boron phases still represents a significant experimental challenge. This is ascribed to the intrinsic boron electronic configuration that, at variance with carbon, leads to the formation of multi-center covalent bonds. External charge compensation by substrate-induced doping can steer the geometry of the layer, both in the buckling and in the density of B vacancies, like in the case of the recently achieved stabilization of honeycomb boron layers on Al(111). The price to pay is however a strong boron-support interaction, resulting in general in a limiting kinetic hindrance with respect to the synthesis of homogenous single phases. In the specific case of Al(111) an AlB2 layer is known to form at the surface, quite far from a desirable quasi-freestanding borophene monolayer and at variance with graphene, which can be easily synthesized in an almost freestanding configuration e.g. on Ir(111). We provide here evidence for the (reversible) formation of well-ordered honeycomb borophane upon hydrogenation of the honeycomb boron phase on Al(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Biasin
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Mandana Safari
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Elena Ghidorsi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Stefania Baronio
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | | | | | - Stefano de Gironcoli
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste 34136, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SISSA Unit, CNR, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Stefano Baroni
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste 34136, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SISSA Unit, CNR, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- TASC Laboratory, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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2
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Larsson A, Grespi A, Abbondanza G, Eidhagen J, Gajdek D, Simonov K, Yue X, Lienert U, Hegedüs Z, Jeromin A, Keller TF, Scardamaglia M, Shavorskiy A, Merte LR, Pan J, Lundgren E. The Oxygen Evolution Reaction Drives Passivity Breakdown for Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304621. [PMID: 37437599 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion is the main factor limiting the lifetime of metallic materials, and a fundamental understanding of the governing mechanism and surface processes is difficult to achieve since the thin oxide films at the metal-liquid interface governing passivity are notoriously challenging to study. In this work, a combination of synchrotron-based techniques and electrochemical methods is used to investigate the passive film breakdown of a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy, which is used in many industrial applications. This alloy is found to be active toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the OER onset coincides with the loss of passivity and severe metal dissolution. The OER mechanism involves the oxidation of Mo4+ sites in the oxide film to Mo6+ that can be dissolved, which results in passivity breakdown. This is fundamentally different from typical transpassive breakdown of Cr-containing alloys where Cr6+ is postulated to be dissolved at high anodic potentials, which is not observed here. At high current densities, OER also leads to acidification of the solution near the surface, further triggering metal dissolution. The OER plays an important role in the mechanism of passivity breakdown of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys due to their catalytic activity, and this effect needs to be considered when studying the corrosion of catalytically active alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Larsson
- Lund University, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Andrea Grespi
- Lund University, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Abbondanza
- Lund University, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Josefin Eidhagen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
- Alleima (former Sandvik Materials Technology), Sandviken, 811 81, Sweden
| | - Dorotea Gajdek
- Malmö University, Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Simonov
- Swerim AB, Department of Materials and Process Development, Kista, 164 07, Sweden
| | - Xiaoqi Yue
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | | | | | - Arno Jeromin
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Lindsay R Merte
- Malmö University, Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
| | - Jinshan Pan
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Lund University, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
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3
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Zou Z, Sala A, Panighel M, Tosi E, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Scardamaglia M, Kokkonen E, Cepek C, Africh C, Comelli G, Günther S, Patera LL. In Situ Observation of C-C Coupling and Step Poisoning During the Growth of Hydrocarbon Chains on Ni(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213295. [PMID: 36325959 PMCID: PMC10108169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of high-value fuels and plastics starting from small hydrocarbon molecules plays a central role in the current transition towards renewable energy. However, the detailed mechanisms driving the growth of hydrocarbon chains remain to a large extent unknown. Here we investigated the formation of hydrocarbon chains resulting from acetylene polymerization on a Ni(111) model catalyst surface. Exploiting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy up to near-ambient pressures, the intermediate species and reaction products have been identified. Complementary in situ scanning tunneling microscopy observations shed light onto the C-C coupling mechanism. While the step edges of the metal catalyst are commonly assumed to be the active sites for the C-C coupling, we showed that the polymerization occurs instead on the flat terraces of the metallic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zou
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sala
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mirco Panighel
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Esko Kokkonen
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Cepek
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Laerte L Patera
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Patera LL, Zou Z, Sala A, Panighel M, Tosi E, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Scardamaglia M, Kokkonen E, Cepek C, Africh C, Comelli G, Günther S. In Situ Observation of C‐C Coupling and Step Poisoning during the Growth of Hydrocarbon Chains on Ni(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laerte L. Patera
- Universität Innsbruck Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie: Universitat Innsbruck Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Institute of Physical Chemistry Innrain 52c 6020 Innsbruck AUSTRIA
| | - Zhiyu Zou
- CNR-IOM Materials Foundry Institute ITALY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Physics ITALY
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
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5
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Boix V, Xu W, D’Acunto G, Stubbe J, Gallo T, Døvre Strømsheim M, Zhu S, Scardamaglia M, Shavorskiy A, Reuter K, Andersen M, Knudsen J. Graphene as an Adsorption Template for Studying Double Bond Activation in Catalysis. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:14116-14124. [PMID: 36060283 PMCID: PMC9425632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenated graphene (H-Gr) is an extensively studied system not only because of its capabilities as a simplified model system for hydrocarbon chemistry but also because hydrogenation is a compelling method for Gr functionalization. However, knowledge of how H-Gr interacts with molecules at higher pressures and ambient conditions is lacking. Here we present experimental and theoretical evidence that room temperature O2 exposure at millibar pressures leads to preferential removal of H dimers on H-functionalized graphene, leaving H clusters on the surface. Our density functional theory (DFT) analysis shows that the removal of H dimers is the result of water or hydrogen peroxide formation. For water formation, we show that the two H atoms in the dimer motif attack one end of the physisorbed O2 molecule. Moreover, by comparing the reaction pathways in a vacuum with the ones on free-standing graphene and on the graphene/Ir(111) system, we find that the main role of graphene is to arrange the H atoms in geometrical positions, which facilitates the activation of the O=O double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boix
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Chair
for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Giulio D’Acunto
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Stubbe
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tamires Gallo
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Døvre Strømsheim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7034, Norway
| | - Suyun Zhu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 22484 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andrey Shavorskiy
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 22484 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mie Andersen
- Aarhus Institute
of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy - Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 22484 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Boix V, Scardamaglia M, Gallo T, D’Acunto G, Strømsheim MD, Cavalca F, Zhu S, Shavorskiy A, Schnadt J, Knudsen J. Following the Kinetics of Undercover Catalysis with APXPS and the Role of Hydrogen as an Intercalation Promoter. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boix
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Tamires Gallo
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Giulio D’Acunto
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Døvre Strømsheim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Suyun Zhu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22484 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22484 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22484 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Armillotta F, Bidoggia D, Baronio S, Biasin P, Annese A, Scardamaglia M, Zhu S, Bozzini B, Modesti S, Peressi M, Vesselli E. Single Metal Atom Catalysts and ORR: H-Bonding, Solvation, and the Elusive Hydroperoxyl Intermediate. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Armillotta
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bidoggia
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Baronio
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Biasin
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Annese
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Suyun Zhu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Fotongatan 8, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Silvio Modesti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Peressi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Scardamaglia M, Struzzi C, Zakharov A, Reckinger N, Zeller P, Amati M, Gregoratti L. Correction to "Highlighting the Dynamics of Graphene Protection to Oxidation of Copper under Operando Condition". ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:13989. [PMID: 35263075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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9
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Shavorskiy A, D’Acunto G, Boix de la Cruz V, Scardamaglia M, Zhu S, Temperton RH, Schnadt J, Knudsen J. Gas Pulse-X-Ray Probe Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Submillisecond Time Resolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:47629-47641. [PMID: 34590812 PMCID: PMC8517956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A setup capable of conducting gas pulse-X-ray probe ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy with high time resolution is presented. The setup makes use of a fast valve that creates gas pulses with an internal pressure in the mbar range and a rising edge of few hundreds of microseconds. A gated detector based on a fast camera is synchronized with the valve operation to measure X-ray photoemission spectra with up to 20 μs time resolution. The setup is characterized in several experiments in which the N2 gas is pulsed either into vacuum or a constant flow of another gas. The observed width of the pulse rising edge is 80 μs, and the maximum internal pulse pressure is ∼1 mbar. The CO oxidation reaction over Pt (111) was used to demonstrate the capability of the setup to correlate the gas phase composition with that of the surface during transient supply of CO gas into an O2 stream. Thus, formation of both chemisorbed and oxide oxygen species was observed prior to CO gas perturbation. Also, the data indicated that both the Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Mars-van-Krevelen mechanisms play an important role in the oxidation of carbon monoxide under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio D’Acunto
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | | | - Suyun Zhu
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Schnadt
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
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10
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Zhu S, Scardamaglia M, Kundsen J, Sankari R, Tarawneh H, Temperton R, Pickworth L, Cavalca F, Wang C, Tissot H, Weissenrieder J, Hagman B, Gustafson J, Kaya S, Lindgren F, Källquist I, Maibach J, Hahlin M, Boix V, Gallo T, Rehman F, D’Acunto G, Schnadt J, Shavorskiy A. HIPPIE: a new platform for ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the MAX IV Laboratory. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:624-636. [PMID: 33650575 PMCID: PMC7941293 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752100103x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
HIPPIE is a soft X-ray beamline on the 3 GeV electron storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, equipped with a novel ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) instrument. The endstation is dedicated to performing in situ and operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments in the presence of a controlled gaseous atmosphere at pressures up to 30 mbar [1 mbar = 100 Pa] as well as under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The photon energy range is 250 to 2200 eV in planar polarization and with photon fluxes >1012 photons s-1 (500 mA ring current) at a resolving power of greater than 10000 and up to a maximum of 32000. The endstation currently provides two sample environments: a catalysis cell and an electrochemical/liquid cell. The former allows APXPS measurements of solid samples in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere (with a mixture of up to eight gases and a vapour of a liquid) and simultaneous analysis of the inlet/outlet gas composition by online mass spectrometry. The latter is a more versatile setup primarily designed for APXPS at the solid-liquid (dip-and-pull setup) or liquid-gas (liquid microjet) interfaces under full electrochemical control, and it can also be used as an open port for ad hoc-designed non-standard APXPS experiments with different sample environments. The catalysis cell can be further equipped with an IR reflection-absorption spectrometer, allowing for simultaneous APXPS and IR spectroscopy of the samples. The endstation is set up to easily accommodate further sample environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Zhu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Kundsen
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rami Sankari
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hamed Tarawneh
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Temperton
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Louisa Pickworth
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Material Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Héloïse Tissot
- Material Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Weissenrieder
- Material Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Hagman
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sarp Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Källquist
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Maibach
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Virginia Boix
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tamires Gallo
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Foqia Rehman
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Giulio D’Acunto
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schnadt
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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11
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Scardamaglia M, Struzzi C, Zakharov A, Reckinger N, Zeller P, Amati M, Gregoratti L. Highlighting the Dynamics of Graphene Protection toward the Oxidation of Copper Under Operando Conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29448-29457. [PMID: 31328499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We performed spatially resolved near-ambient-pressure photoemission spectromicroscopy on graphene-coated copper in operando under oxidation conditions in an oxygen atmosphere (0.1 mbar). We investigated regions with bare copper and areas covered with mono- and bi-layer graphene flakes, in isobaric and isothermal experiments. The key method in this work is the combination of spatial and chemical resolution of the scanning photoemission microscope operating in a near-ambient-pressure environment, thus allowing us to overcome both the material and pressure gap typical of standard ultrahigh-vacuum X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and to observe in operando the protection mechanism of graphene toward copper oxidation. The ability to perform spatially resolved XPS and imaging at high pressure allows for the first time a unique characterization of the oxidation phenomenon by means of photoelectron spectromicroscopy, pushing the limits of this technique from fundamental studies to real materials under working conditions. Although bare Cu oxidizes naturally at room temperature, our results demonstrate that such a graphene coating acts as an effective barrier to prevent copper oxidation at high temperatures (over 300 °C), until oxygen intercalation beneath graphene starts from boundaries and defects. We also show that bilayer flakes can protect at even higher temperatures. The protected metallic substrate, therefore, does not suffer corrosion, preserving its metallic characteristic, making this coating appealing for any application in an aggressive atmospheric environment at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Scardamaglia
- ChIPS, University of Mons , 7000 Mons , Belgium
- MAX IV Laboratory , University of Lund , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Claudia Struzzi
- MAX IV Laboratory , University of Lund , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Alexei Zakharov
- MAX IV Laboratory , University of Lund , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Patrick Zeller
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , 34149 Trieste , Italy
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12
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Elnabawy HM, Casanova-Chafer J, Anis B, Fedawy M, Scardamaglia M, Bittencourt C, Khalil ASG, Llobet E, Vilanova X. Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:105-118. [PMID: 30680283 PMCID: PMC6334796 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the parameters for decorating multiwalled carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles using a new, inexpensive approach based on wet chemistry. The effect of process parameters such as the solvent used, the amount of iron salt or the calcination time on the morphology, decoration density and nanocluster size were studied. With the proposed approach, the decoration density can be adjusted by selecting the appropriate ratio of carbon nanotubes/iron salt, while nanoparticle size can be modulated by controlling the calcination period. Pristine and iron-decorated carbon nanotubes were deposited on silicon substrates to investigate their gas sensing properties. It was found that loading with iron oxide nanoparticles substantially ameliorated the response towards nitrogen dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam M Elnabawy
- Electronics & Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science and Technology & Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Juan Casanova-Chafer
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Badawi Anis
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), P.O. 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Fedawy
- Electronics & Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science and Technology & Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chemistry of Interaction Plasma Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chemistry of Interaction Plasma Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ahmed S G Khalil
- Physics Department & Center for Environmental and Smart Technology (CEST), Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Vilanova
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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13
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Scardamaglia M, Bittencourt C. Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:2015-2031. [PMID: 30116692 PMCID: PMC6071692 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the use of doped carbon nanomaterials in catalysis, a subject that is currently intensively studied. The availability of carbon nanotubes since the 1990's and of graphene ten years later prompted the development of novel nanotechnologies. We review this topic linking fundamental surface science to the field of catalysis giving a timely picture of the state of the art. The main scientific questions that material scientists have addressed in the last decades are described, in particular the enduring debate on the role of the different nitrogen functionalities in the catalytic activity of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chemistry of Plasma Surface Interactions (ChIPS), University of Mons, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chemistry of Plasma Surface Interactions (ChIPS), University of Mons, Belgium
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14
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Dervaux J, Cormier PA, Struzzi C, Scardamaglia M, Bittencourt C, Petaccia L, Cornil D, Lasser L, Beljonne D, Cornil J, Lazzaroni R, Snyders R. Probing the interaction between 2,2'-bithiophene-5-carboxylic acid and TiO 2 by photoelectron spectroscopy: A joint experimental and theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:244704. [PMID: 29289152 DOI: 10.1063/1.5008800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between 2,2'-bithiophene-5-carboxylic acid (PT2) sublimed under ultra-high vacuum conditions and anatase (101) and rutile (110) TiO2 single crystal surfaces is investigated by studying the electronic spectral density near the Fermi level with synchrotron-based spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared to density functional theory calculations of the isolated PT2 molecule and of the molecule adsorbed on an anatase TiO2 (101) cluster. The relative concentrations of Ti, C, and S atoms indicate that the adsorbed molecule remains intact upon deposition, which is typical of a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. The analysis of the O1s spectrum suggests a predominant bidentate geometry of the adsorption with both rutile and anatase surfaces, as supported by previous theoretical simulations. It is also theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the PT2 adsorption causes the appearance of new electronic states in the gap near the TiO2 valence band. A pinning effect of the LUMO level of the dye is also theoretically predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dervaux
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - P-A Cormier
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - C Struzzi
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - M Scardamaglia
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - C Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - L Petaccia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Cornil
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - L Lasser
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - D Beljonne
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - J Cornil
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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15
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Struzzi C, Scardamaglia M, Colomer JF, Verdini A, Floreano L, Snyders R, Bittencourt C. Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF 4 plasma chemistry to surface functionalization. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1723-1733. [PMID: 28904833 PMCID: PMC5588556 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of plasma fluorinated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNT) is correlated to the CF4 plasma chemical composition. The results obtained via FTIR and mass spectrometry are combined with the XPS and Raman analysis of the sample surface showing the dependence on different plasma parameters (power, time and distance from the plasma region) on the resulting fluorination. Photoemission and absorption spectroscopies are used to investigate the evolution of the electronic properties as a function of the fluorine content at the vCNT surface. The samples suffer a limited ageing effect, with a small loss of fluorine functionalities after two weeks in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Struzzi
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Colomer
- Research Group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Materia Nova Research Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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16
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Struzzi C, Scardamaglia M, Reckinger N, Sezen H, Amati M, Gregoratti L, Colomer JF, Ewels C, Snyders R, Bittencourt C. Probing plasma fluorinated graphene via spectromicroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31418-31428. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05305c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The graphene fluorination using CF4 and SF6 plasma is investigated by combining spectroscopy and microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Struzzi
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - M. Scardamaglia
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - N. Reckinger
- Research Group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur
- 5000 Namur
- Belgium
| | - H. Sezen
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. di interesse nazionale
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - M. Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. di interesse nazionale
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - L. Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. di interesse nazionale
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - J.-F. Colomer
- Research Group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur
- 5000 Namur
- Belgium
| | - C. Ewels
- IMN, CNRS UMR6502, Université de Nantes
- 44300 Nantes
- France
| | - R. Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
- Materia Nova Research Center
- B-7000 Mons
| | - C. Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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17
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Erbahar D, Susi T, Rocquefelte X, Bittencourt C, Scardamaglia M, Blaha P, Guttmann P, Rotas G, Tagmatarchis N, Zhu X, Hitchcock AP, Ewels CP. Spectromicroscopy of C 60 and azafullerene C 59N: Identifying surface adsorbed water. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35605. [PMID: 27748425 PMCID: PMC5066267 DOI: 10.1038/srep35605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C60 fullerene crystals may serve as important catalysts for interstellar organic chemistry. To explore this possibility, the electronic structures of free-standing powders of C60 and (C59N)2 azafullerenes are characterized using X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, closely coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This is supported with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements and associated core-level shift DFT calculations. We compare the oxygen 1s spectra from oxygen impurities in C60 and C59N, and calculate a range of possible oxidized and hydroxylated structures and associated formation barriers. These results allow us to propose a model for the oxygen present in these samples, notably the importance of water surface adsorption and possible ice formation. Water adsorption on C60 crystal surfaces may prove important for astrobiological studies of interstellar amino acid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Erbahar
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
- Physics Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Toma Susi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xavier Rocquefelte
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chemistry of Interaction Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chemistry of Interaction Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Peter Blaha
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Vienna, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Rotas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Adam P. Hitchcock
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Chris P. Ewels
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
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18
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Hernández-Sánchez D, Scardamaglia M, Saucedo-Anaya S, Bittencourt C, Quintana M. Exfoliation of graphite and graphite oxide in water by chlorin e6. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasonic process for the exfoliation of graphite and graphite oxide in water was devised for the production of chlorine e6 nanohybrids with remarkable potential applications in energy and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Saucedo-Anaya
- Instituto de Física
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
- SLP
- Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface
- University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Mildred Quintana
- Instituto de Física
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
- SLP
- Mexico
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19
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Lisi S, Gargiani P, Scardamaglia M, Brookes NB, Sessi V, Mariani C, Betti MG. Graphene-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy of a Two-Dimensional Iron Phthalocyanine Network. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1690-1695. [PMID: 26263335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A single layer of flat-lying iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules assembled on graphene grown on Ir(111) preserves the magnetic moment, as deduced by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism from the Fe L2,3 edges. Furthermore, the FePc molecules in contact with the graphene buffer layer exhibit an enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy, with emergence of an in-plane easy magnetic axis, reflected by an increased orbital moment of the FePc molecules in contact with the C atoms in the graphene sheet. The origin of the increased magnetic anisotropy is discussed, considering the absence of electronic state hybridization, and the breaking of symmetry upon FePc adsorption on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lisi
- †Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- †Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- †Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicholas B Brookes
- ‡European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - ESRF CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Violetta Sessi
- ‡European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - ESRF CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Carlo Mariani
- †Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- †Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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20
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Ewels CP, Erbahar D, Wagner P, Rocquefelte X, Arenal R, Pochet P, Rayson M, Scardamaglia M, Bittencourt C, Briddon P. Nitrogen segregation in nanocarbons. Faraday Discuss 2015; 173:215-32. [PMID: 25468305 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We explore the behaviour of nitrogen doping in carbon nanomaterials, notably graphene, nanotubes, and carbon thin films. This is initially via a brief review of the literature, followed by a series of atomistic density functional calculations. We show that at low concentrations, substitutional nitrogen doping in the sp(2)-C graphenic basal plane is favoured, however once the nitrogen concentration reaches a critical threshold there is a transition towards the formation of the more thermodynamically-favoured nitrogen terminated 'zigzag' type edges. These can occur either via formation of finite patches (polycyclic aromatic azacarbons), strips of sp(2) carbon with zigzag nitrogen edges, or internal nitrogen-terminated hole edges within graphenic planes. This transition to edge formation is especially favoured when the nitrogen can be partially functionalised with, e.g. hydrogen. By comparison with available literature results, notably from electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy, the current results suggest that much of the nitrogen believed to be incorporated into carbon nanoobjects is instead likely to be present terminating the edges of carbonaceous impurities attached to nanoobject's surface. By comparison to nitrogen-doped tetrahedrally amorphous carbon, we suggest that this transition at around 10-20% nitrogen concentration and above towards sp(2) coordination via internal nitrogen-terminated edge formation may be a general property of nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ewels
- IMN, CNRS UMR6502, Universit de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France.
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21
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Gately RD, Warren H, Scardamaglia M, Romeo T, Bittencourt C, in het Panhuis M. Sonication-induced effects on carbon nanofibres in composite materials. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation, characterization and filling of carbon nanofibre–gellan gum composite materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece D. Gately
- Soft Materials Group
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Holly Warren
- Soft Materials Group
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma Surface
- CIRMAP
- University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Tony Romeo
- Electron Microscope Centre
- AIIM Facility
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma Surface
- CIRMAP
- University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Marc in het Panhuis
- Soft Materials Group
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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22
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Struzzi C, Scardamaglia M, Hemberg A, Petaccia L, Colomer JF, Snyders R, Bittencourt C. Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2015; 6:2263-71. [PMID: 26734518 PMCID: PMC4685895 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Grafting of fluorine species on carbon nanostructures has attracted interest due to the effective modification of physical and chemical properties of the starting materials. Various techniques have been employed to achieve a controlled fluorination yield; however, the effect of contaminants is rarely discussed, although they are often present. In the present work, the fluorination of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes was performed using plasma treatment in a magnetron sputtering chamber with fluorine diluted in an argon atmosphere with an Ar/F2 ratio of 95:5. The effect of heavily diluted fluorine in the precursor gas mixture is investigated by evaluating the modifications in the nanotube structure and the electronic properties upon plasma treatment. The existence of oxygen-based grafted species is associated with background oxygen species present in the plasma chamber in addition to fluorine. The thermal stability and desorption process of the fluorine species grafted on the carbon nanotubes during the fluorine plasma treatment were evaluated by combining different spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Struzzi
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Axel Hemberg
- Materia Nova Research Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Luca Petaccia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jean-François Colomer
- Research Group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Materia Nova Research Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface, CIRMAP, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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23
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Mudimela PR, Scardamaglia M, González-León O, Reckinger N, Snyders R, Llobet E, Bittencourt C, Colomer JF. Gas sensing with gold-decorated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:910-8. [PMID: 24991529 PMCID: PMC4077511 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of different lengths (150, 300, 500 µm) synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition and decorated with gold nanoparticles were investigated as gas sensitive materials for detecting nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at room temperature. Gold nanoparticles of about 6 nm in diameter were sputtered on the top surface of the carbon nanotube forests to enhance the sensitivity to the pollutant gas. We showed that the sensing response to nitrogen dioxide depends on the nanotube length. The optimum was found to be 300 µm for getting the higher response. When the background humidity level was changed from dry to 50% relative humidity, an increase in the response to NO2 was observed for all the sensors, regardless of the nanotube length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasantha R Mudimela
- Research group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Mattia Scardamaglia
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Reckinger
- Research group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Eduard Llobet
- MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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24
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Scardamaglia M, Struzzi C, Lizzit S, Dalmiglio M, Lacovig P, Baraldi A, Mariani C, Betti MG. Energetics and hierarchical interactions of metal-phthalocyanines adsorbed on graphene/Ir(111). Langmuir 2013; 29:10440-10447. [PMID: 23879612 DOI: 10.1021/la401850v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of metal-phthalocyanine (MPc) layers (M = Fe, Co, Cu) assembled on graphene/Ir(111) is studied by means of temperature-programmed X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The balance between interaction forces among the organometallic molecules and the underlying graphene gives rise to flat-lying molecular layers, weakly interacting with the underlying graphene. Further MPc layers pile up face-on onto the first layer, up to a few nanometers thickness, as deduced by NEXAFS. The FePc, CoPc, and CuPc multilayers present comparable desorption temperatures, compatible with molecule-molecule interactions dominated by van der Waals forces between the π-conjugated macrocycles. The MPc single layers desorb from graphene/Ir at higher temperatures. The CuPc single layer desorbs at lower temperature than the FePc and CoPc single layers, suggesting a higher adsorption energy of the FePc and CoPc single layers on graphene/Ir with respect to CuPc, with increasing molecule-substrate interaction in the order E(CuPc) < E(FePc) ~ E(CoPc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Scardamaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNISM, CNIS, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 1-00185 Roma, Italy
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Pino S, Biasiucci M, Scardamaglia M, Gigli G, Betti MG, Mariani C, Di Mauro E. Nonenzymatic ligation of an RNA oligonucleotide analyzed by atomic force microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6296-303. [PMID: 21500793 DOI: 10.1021/jp200832w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The products of ligation reaction of a 24 nucleotides long PolyA RNA adsorbed on mica were observed by atomic force microscopy. The occurrence of oligonucleotides at different degrees of polymerization has been quantitatively studied before and after ligation reaction. The microscopy images at the nanoscale show that nonenzymatic ligation of pristine RNA monomers results in the formation of supramolecular aggregates, with prevalence of dimers and tetramers. Analytical conditions were defined allowing the identification, the quantitative evaluation, and their distribution after ligation reaction, also providing an estimate of the degree of hydration of the objects. Such investigation is of particular biological relevance and provides the simplest yet model system for direct investigation of RNA reactions by advanced microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Pino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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26
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D'Amato RF, Hochstein LH, Colaninno PM, Scardamaglia M, Kim K, Mastellone AJ, Patel RC, Alkhuja S, Tevere VJ, Miller A. Application of the Roche Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PCR) test to specimens other than respiratory secretions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 24:15-7. [PMID: 8988758 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(95)00256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the Roche AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) test to detect M. tuberculosis in specimens other than respiratory secretions was evaluated. A total of 249 specimens from 219 patients were tested. Of these, 12 specimens grew isolates of the M. tuberculosis complex and four grew isolates of the M. avium complex. The AMPLICOR MTB test was positive for 10 of the 12 specimens which grew M. tuberculosis and for three specimens which were culture negative. Two of the latter specimens were from patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis and with multiple sputum specimens which grew M. tuberculosis. Four specimens grew M. avium complex isolates, and all yielded negative AMPLICOR MTB test results. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the AMPLICOR MTB test were 85.7%, 99.5%, 92.3%, and 99.1%, respectively. Our data indicate that the AMPLICOR MTB test will permit the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis in specimens other than respiratory secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F D'Amato
- Department of Pathology, Catholic Medical Center of Brooklyn, New York, USA
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27
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D'Amato RF, Wallman AA, Hochstein LH, Colaninno PM, Scardamaglia M, Ardila E, Ghouri M, Kim K, Patel RC, Miller A. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by using Roche AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR test. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:1832-4. [PMID: 7665654 PMCID: PMC228279 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.7.1832-1834.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid PCR-based test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the Roche AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis test (AMPLICOR MTB), was evaluated. Results from AMPLICOR MTB were compared with culture results and the final clinical diagnosis for each patient. A total of 985 specimens from 372 patients were tested. When AMPLICOR MTB results were compared with resolved results, i.e., a specimen grew M. tuberculosis or was obtained from a patient with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the AMPLICOR MTB test were 66.7, 99.6, 91.7, and 97.7%, respectively. These results were comparable to those obtained from culture. Test results were available approximately 6.5 h after specimen receipt in the laboratory. Our data demonstrate that AMPLICOR MTB will provide rapid, valuable information for the diagnosis and control of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F D'Amato
- Department of Pathology, Catholic Medical Center of Brooklyn and Queens, Jamaica, New York 11432, USA
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28
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Isenberg HD, D'Amato RF, Heifets L, Murray PR, Scardamaglia M, Jacobs MC, Alperstein P, Niles A. Collaborative feasibility study of a biphasic system (Roche Septi-Chek AFB) for rapid detection and isolation of mycobacteria. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:1719-22. [PMID: 1761694 PMCID: PMC270189 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.8.1719-1722.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A study to delineate the feasibility of a biphasic-culture approach for detection and isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens except blood was conducted in four medical centers. The biphasic system (Septi-Chek AFB, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Nutley, N.J.) was compared with conventional mycobacterial isolation media and the BACTEC system. Septi-Chek AFB showed the highest degree of mycobacterial recovery. In addition, Septi-Chek AFB consistently shortened the time required for recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens and supported the growth of small inoculum numbers of stock cultures of 14 mycobacterial species. The study indicates the feasibility and potential advantages of the biphasic approach for detection and isolation of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Isenberg
- Division of Microbiology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York 11042-1433
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