1
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Concilio MG, Wang Y, Wang L, Kong X. Triplet J-Driven DNP─A Proposal to Increase the Sensitivity of Solution-State NMR without Microwave. J Phys Chem A 2025; 129:3886-3897. [PMID: 40252033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an important method to enhance the limited sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Using the existing mechanisms such as Overhauser DNP (ODNP) is still difficult to achieve significant enhancement of NMR signals in solutions at a high magnetic field. The recently proposed J-driven DNP (JDNP) condition (when the exchange interaction Jex of two electron spins matches the electron or the nuclear Larmor frequency ωE and ωN) may enable signal enhancement in solution as it requires only dipolar interaction between the biradical polarization agent and the analyte. However, likewise ODNP, the current JDNP strategy still requires the saturation of the electron polarization with high microwave power which has poor penetration and is associated with heating effects in most liquids. The replacement of high-power microwave irradiation is possible if the temporal electron polarization imbalance is created by an electron electromagnetic (EM) irradiation at different wavelengths such as the visible light. Here, we propose a triplet-JDNP mechanism which first exploits the light-induced singlet fission process (i.e., a singlet exciton is converted into two triplet excitons). As the JDNP condition Jex ≈ ± ωE is fulfilled, a triplet-to-triplet cross-relaxation process will occur with different rates and consequently lead to the creation of hyperpolarization on the coupled nuclear spin states. This communication discusses the theory behind the triplet-JDNP proposal, as well as the polarizing agents and conditions that will enable the new approach to enhance NMR's sensitivity without the need of microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Concilio
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Excited-State Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Greißel PM, Beneventi GM, Weiß R, Wollny AS, Dubey RK, Melle-Franco M, Clark T, Mateo-Alonso A, Guldi DM. Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Individual Graphene Nanoribbons─Competition with a Charge Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:11277-11290. [PMID: 40105328 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c18051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (NRs) constitute a versatile platform for developing novel materials, where their structure governs their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties while also shaping their excited-state dynamics. Here, we investigate a set of three twisted N-doped molecular NRs of increasing length, obtained by linearly fusing perylene diimide to pyrene and pyrazino- or thiadiazolo-quinoxaline residues. By employing various temperature-dependent time-resolved spectroscopy techniques, we reveal how the flexible twisted NR geometry promotes the formation of a mixed electronic state with varying contributions from locally excited and charge-transfer (CT) states. The fate of this mixed state is highly sensitive to the molecular geometry, length, and solvent polarity. For the shortest NR, intersystem crossing dominates the deactivation pathway, efficiently generating triplets in low-polarity solvents. In contrast, for the extended NRs, intramolecular singlet fission (SF) takes place within a single nanoribbon. This is enabled by enhanced superexchange coupling due to a pronounced push-pull nature and the existence of multiple localized π-electron states caused by heteroatom doping, thereby circumventing the need for dimeric interactions typically associated with conventional SF systems. In higher-polarity environments, evidence of a (diabatic) CT state emerges. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between geometry, energy levels, and excited-state dynamics in twisted N-doped NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni M Beneventi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophie Wollny
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Bo Y, Hou Y, Lavergne DAX, Clark T, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Reversible gating of singlet fission by tuning the role of a charge-transfer state. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2968. [PMID: 40140413 PMCID: PMC11947088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive triplet excited states and multiexcitonic logic gates have garnered increasing interest. Singlet fission is an efficient multiple exciton generation process, in which one singlet converts into two triplets. Singlet fission is, however, rarely reported to be switchable by external stimuli. Here we design a meta-diethynylphenylene-linked tetracene dimer featuring pyridyl endgroups that function as an acid/base-responsive switch, enabling the reversible modulation of singlet fission. In its neutral form, the interchromophore charge-transfer state facilitates singlet fission and promotes the formation of a correlated triplet-pair state. Upon treatment with acid, protonation of the pyridyl nitrogens generates a more strongly electron-accepting pyridinium, leading to an intra-chromophore charge-transfer state, which inhibits singlet fission. Finally, an IMPLICATION logic gate is constructed by using acid and base as inputs and monitoring the formation of triplet excited states based on singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAU Profile Center Solar, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAU Profile Center Solar, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Singh P, Pattanayak P, Majumdar S, Mukherjee S, Banerjee S, Purkayastha P, Kumar Chowdhury P, Musser AJ, Kumar Ghosh S. Dual Charge-Transfer Emission in Chalcone-Based Donor-π-Acceptor System and the Modulation of Down-Conversion of Triplet Exciton with the Polarity of the Medium. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404317. [PMID: 39887509 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has recently emerged as a promising process with significant potential to advance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for display applications. The donor-acceptor system is a well-known molecular arrangement exhibiting TADF properties. However, our investigation into the chalcone-based donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) system (SKG1) reveals that the en-one bridging unit in chalcone plays a crucial role in the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) process and may be responsible for the existence of two conformational isomers. In stark contrast with the conventional endothermic TADF process, the designed molecule follows a down-converted cold rISC pathway that also from a higher-lying triplet (Tn) state to the lowest singlet (S1) state (in toluene) with remarkably short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 350 ns. Additionally, this rISC process is found to be sensitive to the polarity of the medium. The UV-vis-NIR transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) process within <100 ps and the involvement of higher lying triplet state in rISC process. This comprehensive research deepens the understanding of the rISC mechanism and paves the way for developing next-generation OLED materials using D-π-A-based delayed emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Pradip Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur WB, 741246, India
| | - Shubhangi Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Shrestha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur WB, 741246, India
| | - Pramit Kumar Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
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5
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Majumder K, Mukherjee S, Park J, Kim W, Musser AJ, Patil S. The Acetylene Bridge in Intramolecular Singlet Fission: A Boon or A Nuisance? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408615. [PMID: 39405444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Various analogues of the alkylsilylacetylene group are frequently used as auxiliary groups to enhance the solubility and stability of the acene dimer core, widely used as platforms to investigate intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) mechanisms. However, while in the 2,2'-linked dimers they are primarily auxiliary groups, these are essential fragments of the bridging units in 6,6'/5,5'-linked dimers, the two preferred choices for dimerization. The starkly different iSF dynamics observed in the two variants raise the question of what role the acetylene bridges play. Here, we systematically designed a set of (oligo-)para-phenylene bridged 2,2'-linked pentacene dimers with an additional acetylene fragment in the bridging unit to mimic the structure of 6,6'-linked dimers. Contrasting the results with previously reported analogous 2,2'-linked and 6,6'-linked pentacene dimers reveals that the acetylene bridges contribute to significant conformational freedom. This effect provides a mechanism to promote spin evolution within the triplet pair to achieve free triplets but also offers new parasitic pathways for triplet-pair recombination, revealing that this structural motif can be both a boon and a nuisance. Additionally, our analysis reveals that these bridges directly modify the electronic states, highlighting significant pitfalls of the standard chromophore-bridge-chromophore framework used to design and interpret photophysics of iSF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Majumder
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jungjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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6
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Ariai J, Gellrich U. An Acceptor-Substituted N-Heterocyclic ortho-Quinodimethane: Pushing the Boundaries of Polarization in Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Polyenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:32859-32869. [PMID: 39540923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, isolation, and characterization of a stable donor-acceptor substituted ortho-quinodimethane (oQDM). This system with an imidazolidine scaffold as the donor can also be referred to as acceptor-substituted ortho-N-heterocyclic quinodimethane (oNHQ). We have examined the extent of polarization of the conjugated π-system using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and UV/vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT computations. The bond lengths in the phenyl linker do not exhibit the alternation typical of oQDMs. In addition, the 13C and 15N NMR shifts suggest significant charge separation, an interpretation supported by the diatropic ring current determined by NICSZZ(r) computations, which is characteristic of aromatic compounds. DFT calculations show that polarization is an electronic effect that is amplified by steric influences. More strikingly, the oxidation and reduction potentials of the push-pull substituted oQDM are virtually identical to those of authenticated anionic and cationic derivatives. The results therefore indicate that an aromatic zwitterionic structure represents the electronic structure more accurately than a neutral quinoidal Lewis structure, which indicates that the acceptor-substituted oNHQ is a rare example of an organic zwitterion in which the centers of charge are in conjugation. The ambiphilic reactivity of the acceptor-substituted oNHQ, which is evidenced by the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and the addition of phenylacetylene via heterolytic C-H bond cleavage, further supports its notation as an organic zwitterion and is reminiscent of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Thus, the acceptor-substituted oNHQ can be considered to be an intramolecular carbogenic FLP in terms of its reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jama Ariai
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Fachgebiet Organische Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Millington O, Montanaro S, Sharma A, Dowland SA, Winkel J, Grüne J, Leventis A, Bennett T, Shaikh J, Greenham N, Rao A, Bronstein H. The Interplay of Strongly and Weakly Exchange-Coupled Triplet Pairs in Intramolecular Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:29664-29674. [PMID: 39417990 PMCID: PMC11528409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) nominally enable the interconversion of higher-energy singlet states with two lower-energy triplet states and vice versa, with both processes having envisaged application for enhanced solar power devices. The mechanism of SF/TTA-UC involves a complex array of different multiexcitonic triplet-pair states that are coupled by the exchange interaction to varying extents. In this work a family of bounded intramolecular SF materials, based upon the chromophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, were designed and synthesized. Their SF behavior was characterized using fluorescence lifetime, transient absorption, and magnetic field dependence studies. The capacity for the formation of weakly exchange-coupled triplet pairs, and subsequent spin-evolution, is shown to be strongly dependent upon the combined factors of oligomer size and geometry. By contextualizing these results with the wider SF literature, we present a general schematic model for SF/TTA-UC of greater completeness than portrayed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Millington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | | | - Ashish Sharma
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Simon A. Dowland
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jurjen Winkel
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jeannine Grüne
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Anastasia Leventis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Troy Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jordan Shaikh
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Neil Greenham
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
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8
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Lee J, Eom S, Kim H. Diverse quantum interference regimes in intramolecular singlet fission chromophores with thiophene-based linkers. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03546a. [PMID: 39397821 PMCID: PMC11465401 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
An array of thiophene-based π-conjugated linkers in covalently linked pentacene dimers allow us to access diverse quantum interference (QI), modulating nonadiabatic coupling (NAC) in the singlet fission (SF) process. Simulations show that structural isomerism in terms of S atom orientation substantially alters NAC with relatively marginal impacts on energies. Extended curly arrow rules (ECARs) reveal sensitive dependence of QI on SF linker topologies and connectivity, categorizing regimes of constructive, destructive, and previously unrealized in SF research, shifted destructive QI. Drastic NAC changes in terms of S atom orientation are rationalized based on the nature of QI. Our results from nonequilibrium Green's function calculation using density functional theory corroborate the classification of QI regimes based on ECARs. Moreover, we found that the extent of charge resonance contribution in electronic states relevant to multiexciton formation and the appearance of optically allowed charge transfer excitation strongly depends on the operative QI regime. Notably, the magnitude of NAC effectively captures this influence. Our findings show that QI can rationalize and semi-quantitatively correlate with NAC for the multiexciton formation step in the SF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsik Eom
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University Republic of Korea
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9
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Ishii W, Fuki M, Bu Ali EM, Sato S, Parmar B, Yamauchi A, Mulyadi CH, Uji M, Medina Rivero S, Watanabe G, Clark J, Kobori Y, Yanai N. Macrocyclic Parallel Dimer Showing Quantum Coherence of Quintet Multiexcitons at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25527-25535. [PMID: 39248728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a promising approach in quantum information science because it can generate spin-entangled quintet triplet pairs by photoexcitation independent of temperature. However, it is still challenging to rationally achieve quantum coherence at room temperature, which requires precise control of the orientation and dynamics of triplet pairs. Here we show that the quantum coherence of quintet multiexcitons can be achieved at room temperature by arranging two pentacene chromophores in parallel and in close proximity within a macrocycle. By making dynamic covalent Schiff-base bonds between aldehyde-modified pentacene derivatives, macrocyclic parallel dimer-1 (MPD-1) can be selectively synthesized in a high yield. MPD-1 exhibits fast subpicosecond SF in polystyrene film and generates spin-polarized quintet multiexcitons. Furthermore, the coherence time T2 of the MPD-1 quintet is as long as 648 ns, even at room temperature. This macrocyclic parallel dimer strategy opens up new possibilities for future quantum applications using molecular multilevel qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eman M Bu Ali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Bhavesh Parmar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akio Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Catherine Helenna Mulyadi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Uji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Go Watanabe
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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10
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Li G, Qiu T, Wu Q, Zhao Z, Wang L, Li Y, Geng Y, Tan H. Pyrene-Alkyne-Based Conjugated Porous Polymers with Skeleton Distortion-Mediated ⋅O 2 - and 1O 2 Generation for High-Selectivity Organic Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405396. [PMID: 38818672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in determining photocatalytic reaction pathways, intermediate species, and product selectivity. However, research on ROS regulation in polymer photocatalysts is still in its early stages. Herein, we successfully achieved series of modulations to the skeleton of Pyrene-alkyne-based (Tetraethynylpyrene (TEPY)) conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) by altering the linkers (1,4-dibromobenzene (BE), 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl (IP), and 3,3'-dibromobiphenyl (BP)). Experiments combined with theoretical calculations indicate that BE-TEPY exhibits a planar structure with minimal exciton binding energy, which favors exciton dissociation followed by charge transfer with adsorbed O2 to produce ⋅O2 -. Thus BE-TEPY shows optimal photocatalytic activity for phenylboronic acid oxidation and [3+2] cycloaddition. Conversely, the skeleton of BP-TEPY is significantly distorted. Its planar conjugation decreases, intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency increases, which makes it more prone for resonance energy transfer to generate 1O2. Therefore, BP-TEPY displays best photocatalytic activity in [4+2] cycloaddition and thioanisole oxidation. Both above reactant conversion and its product selectivity exceed 99 %. This work systematically reveals the intrinsic structure-activity relationship among the skeleton structure of CPPs, excitonic behavior, and selective generation of ROS, providing new insights for the rational design of highly efficient and selective CPPs photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tianyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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11
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Xie G, Guo N, Xue X, Yang Q, Liu X, Li H, Li H, Tao Y, Chen R, Huang W. Resonance-Induced Dynamic Triplet Exciton Population for Photoactivated Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20449-20457. [PMID: 38990700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically populating triplet excitons under external stimuli is desired to develop smart optoelectronic materials, but it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a resonance-induced excited state regulation strategy to dynamically modulate the triplet exciton population by introducing a self-adaptive N-C═O structure to phosphors. The developed phosphors activated under high-power ultraviolet irradiation exhibited enhanced photoactivated organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (PA-OURTP) with lifetimes of up to ∼500 ms. The enhanced PA-OURTP was ascribed to activated N-C═O resonance variation-induced intersystem crossing to generate excess triplet excitons. The excellent PA-OURTP performance and ultralong deactivation time under ambient conditions of the developed materials could function as a reusable recorded medium for time-sensitive information encryption through optical printing. This study provides an effective approach to dynamically regulating triplet excitons and offers valuable guidance to develop high-performance PA-OURTP materials for security printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xudong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianxiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shanxi, Xi'an 710072, China
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12
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Shang H, Song G, Zhou W, Zhang T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiao J, Song Y. Synthesis, Photophysical, and Optical Limiting Properties of Twistacene-Functionalized Arenes. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5481-5488. [PMID: 38795040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
To realize the relationship of structure and property, four novel twistacene-functionalized arenes, namely, 1,4-bis(2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,14-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)dibenzo[de,qr]tetracen-11-yl)buta-1,3-diyne (4), 1,4-bis(3,5,10,12-tetra-tert-butyltribenzo[a,d,g]coronen-16-yl)buta-1,3-diyne (7), 1,4-bis(2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,14-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)dibenzo[de,qr]tetracen-10-yl)buta-1,3-diyne (10), 1,4-bis(3,5,10,12-tetra-tert-butyltribenzo[a,d,g]coronen-15-yl)buta-1,3-diyne (13), linked with butadiyne as π bridges have been strategically synthesized and characterized. The nonlinear optical properties are detailly examined in solution through the open-aperture Z-scan method in a comparative manner, indicating that molecules 4 and 7 exhibit better nonlinear optical responses than 10 and 13. Among them, 4 and 7 exhibit excellent optical limiting responses with limiting thresholds of 0.17 and 0.19 J/cm2, respectively, being superior to the state-of-the-art material C60. The ultrafast transient absorption test and DFT calculations suggest that the nonlinear absorption mechanisms belong to TPA-induced ESA. In addition, the effective percentage calculated from TD-DFT can provide a brief glance to evaluate the optical limiting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Shang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanzheng Song
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenfa Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yinglin Song
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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13
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Greißel PM, Schroeder ZW, Thiel D, Ferguson MJ, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Controlling Interchromophore Coupling in Diamantane-Linked Pentacene Dimers To Create a "Binary" Pair. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10875-10888. [PMID: 38579119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Two isomeric pentacene dimers, each linked by a diamantane spacer, have been synthesized. These dimers are designed to provide experimental evidence to support quantum mechanical calculations, which predict the substitution pattern on the carbon-rich diethynyldiamantane spacer to be decisive in controlling the interpentacene coupling. Intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF) serves as a probe for the existence and strength of the electronic coupling between the two pentacenes, with transient absorption spectroscopy as the method of choice to characterize i-SF. 4,9-Substitution of diamantane provides a pentacene dimer (4,9-dimer) in which the two chromophores are completely decoupled and that, following photoexcitation, deactivates to the ground state analogous to a monomeric pentacene chromophore. Conversely, 1,6-substitution provides a pentacene dimer (1,6-dimer) that exhibits sufficiently strong coupling to drive i-SF, resulting in correlated triplet M(T1T1) yields close to unity and free triplet (T1 + T1) yields of ca. 50%. Thus, the diamantane spacer effectively switches "on" or "off" the coupling between the chromophores, based on the substitution pattern. The binary control of diamantane contrasts other known molecular spacers designed only to modulate the coupling strength between two pentacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zachary W Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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14
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Sakai H, Nonaka K, Hayasaka R, Thazhathethil S, Sagara Y, Hasobe T. Tetracene cyclophanes showing controlled intramolecular singlet fission by through-space orientations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4084-4087. [PMID: 38506713 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tetracene cyclophanes: a series of cyclic tetracene dimers bridged by two flexible ethylene glycol units demonstrated enhanced intramolecular singlet fission through through-space orientations by suppressing the H-type excited complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Keigo Nonaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8522, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hayasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Shakkeeb Thazhathethil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8522, Japan.
| | - Yoshimitsu Sagara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8522, Japan.
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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