1
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Juda CE, Handford RC, Bartholomew AK, Powers TM, Gu NX, Meyer E, Roth N, Chen YS, Zheng SL, Betley TA. Cluster dynamics of heterometallic trinuclear clusters during ligand substitution, redox chemistry, and group transfer processes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8242-8248. [PMID: 38817579 PMCID: PMC11134326 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stepwise metalation of the hexadentate ligand tbsLH6 (tbsLH6 = 1,3,5-C6H9(NHC6H4-o-NHSiMe2tBu)3) affords bimetallic trinuclear clusters (tbsL)Fe2Zn(thf) and (tbsL)Fe2Zn(py). Reactivity studies were pursued to understand metal atom lability as the clusters undergo ligand substitution, redox chemistry, and group transfer processes. Chloride addition to (tbsL)Fe2Zn(thf) resulted in a mixture of species including both all-zinc and all-iron products. Addition of ArN3 (Ar = Ph, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) to (tbsL)Fe2Zn(py) yielded a mixture of two trinuclear products: (tbsL)Fe3(μ3-NAr) and (tbsL)Fe2Zn(μ3-NAr)(py). The two imido species were separated via crystallization, and outer sphere reduction of (tbsL)Fe2Zn(μ3-NAr)(py) resulted in the formation of a single product, [2,2,2-crypt(K)][(tbsL)Fe2Zn(μ3-NAr)]. These results provide insight into the relationship between heterometallic cluster structure and substitutional lability and could help inform both future catalyst design and our understanding of metal atom lability in bioinorganic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin E Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | - Tamara M Powers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Nina X Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Elisabeth Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Nikolaj Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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2
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Xu G, Cui YS, Jiang XL, Xu CQ, Li J, Chen XD. Synthesis and characterization of iron clusters with an icosahedral [Fe@Fe 12] 16+ Core. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad327. [PMID: 38487495 PMCID: PMC10939364 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron-metal clusters are crucial in a variety of critical biological and material systems, including metalloenzymes, catalysts, and magnetic storage devices. However, a synthetic high-nuclear iron cluster has been absent due to the extreme difficulty in stabilizing species with direct iron-iron bonding. In this work, we have synthesized, crystallized, and characterized a (Tp*)4W4S12(Fe@Fe12) cluster (Tp* = tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate(1-)), which features a rare trideca-nuclear, icosahedral [Fe@Fe12] cluster core with direct multicenter iron-iron bonding between the interstitial iron (Fei) and peripheral irons (Fep), as well as Fep···Fep ferromagnetic coupling. Quantum chemistry studies reveal that the stability of the cluster arises from the 18-electron shell-closing of the [Fe@Fe12]16+ core, assisted by its bonding interactions with the peripheral tridentate [(Tp*)WS3]4- ligands which possess both S→Fe donation and spin-polarized Fe-W σ bonds. The ground-state electron spin is theoretically predicted to be S = 32/2 for the cluster. The existence of low oxidation-state (OS ∼ +1.23) iron in this compound may find interesting applications in magnetic storage, spintronics, redox chemistry, and cluster catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Shu Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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3
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Fataftah MS, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Valence Delocalization and Metal-Metal Bonding in Carbon-Bridged Mixed-Valence Iron Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301962. [PMID: 37574453 PMCID: PMC10843690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The carbide ligand in the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) in nitrogenase bridges iron atoms in different oxidation states, yet it is difficult to discern its ability to mediate magnetic exchange interactions due to the structural complexity of the cofactor. Here, we describe two mixed-valent diiron complexes with C-based ketenylidene bridging ligands, and compare the carbon bridges with the more familiar sulfur bridges. The ground state of the [Fe2 (μ-CCO)2 ]+ complex with two carbon bridges (4) is S=1 / 2 ${{ 1/2 }}$ , and it is valence delocalized on the Mössbauer timescale with a small thermal barrier for electron hopping that stems from the low Fe-C force constant. In contrast, one-electron reduction of the [Fe2 (μ-CCO)] complex with one carbon bridge (2) affords a mixed-valence species with a high-spin ground state (S=7 / 2 ${ 7/2 }$ ), and the Fe-Fe distance contracts by 1 Å. Spectroscopic, magnetic, and computational studies of the latter reveal an Fe-Fe bonding interaction that leads to complete valence delocalization. Analysis of near-IR intervalence charge transfer transitions in 5 indicates a very large double exchange constant (B) in the range of 780-965 cm-1 . These results show that carbon bridges are extremely effective at stabilizing valence delocalized ground states in mixed-valent iron dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT-06511, USA
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT-06511, USA
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT-06511, USA
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4
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McClain KR, Kwon H, Chakarawet K, Nabi R, Kragskow JGC, Chilton NF, Britt RD, Long JR, Harvey BG. A Trinuclear Gadolinium Cluster with a Three-Center One-Electron Bond and an S = 11 Ground State. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8996-9002. [PMID: 37068040 PMCID: PMC10141408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of metal-metal bonding and valence delocalization in the dilanthanide complexes (CpiPr5)2Ln2I3 (CpiPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl; Ln = Y, Gd, Tb, Dy) opened up the prospect of harnessing the 4fn5dz21 electron configurations of non-traditional divalent lanthanide ions to access molecules with novel bonding motifs and magnetism. Here, we report the trinuclear mixed-valence clusters (CpiPr5)3Ln3H3I2 (1-Ln, Ln = Y, Gd), which were synthesized via potassium graphite reduction of the trivalent clusters (CpiPr5)3Ln3H3I3. Structural, computational, and spectroscopic analyses support valence delocalization in 1-Ln resulting from a three-center, one-electron σ bond formed from the 4dz2 and 5dz2 orbitals on Y and Gd, respectively. Dc magnetic susceptibility data obtained for 1-Gd reveal that valence delocalization engenders strong parallel alignment of the σ-bonding electron and the 4f electrons of each gadolinium center to afford a high-spin ground state of S = 11. Notably, this represents the first clear instance of metal-metal bonding in a molecular trilanthanide complex, and the large spin-spin exchange constant of J = 168(1) cm-1 determined for 1-Gd is only the second largest coupling constant characterized to date for a molecular lanthanide compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Randall McClain
- Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rizwan Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jon G C Kragskow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
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5
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Leiszner SS, Chakarawet K, Long JR, Nishibori E, Sugimoto K, Platts JA, Overgaard J. Electron Density Analysis of Metal-Metal Bonding in a Ni 4 Cluster Featuring Ferromagnetic Exchange. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:192-200. [PMID: 36547395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the nature of the proposed metal-metal bonding in the tetranuclear cluster Ni4(NPtBu3)4, which features four nickel(I) centers engaged in strong ferromagnetic coupling. High-resolution single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data collected at 25 K provide an accurate geometrical structure and a multipole model electron density description. Topological analysis of the electron density in the Ni4N4 core using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules clearly identifies the bonding as an eight-membered ring of type [Ni-N-]4 without direct Ni-Ni bonding, and this result is generally corroborated by an analysis of the energy density distribution. In contrast, the calculated bond delocalization index of ∼0.6 between neighboring Ni atoms is larger than what has been found for other bridged metal-metal bonds and implies direct Ni-Ni bonding. Similar support for the presence of direct Ni-Ni bonding is found in the interacting quantum atom approach, an energy decomposition scheme, which suggests the presence of stabilizing Ni-Ni bonding interactions with an exchange-correlation energy contribution approximately 50% of that of the Ni-N interactions. Altogether, while the direct interactions between neighboring Ni centers are too weak and sterically constrained to bear the signature of a topological bond critical point, other continuous measures clearly indicate significant Ni-Ni bonding. These metal-metal bonding interactions likely mediate direct ferromagnetic exchange, giving rise to the high-spin ground state of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058571, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Diffraction & Scattering Division Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Sunada Y, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki K. “Template synthesis” of discrete metal clusters with two- or three-dimensional architectures. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Korona K, Terlecki M, Justyniak I, Magott M, Żukrowski J, Kornowicz A, Pinkowicz D, Kubas A, Lewiński J. A New Look at Molecular and Electronic Structure of Homoleptic Diiron(II,II) Complexes with
N,N
‐Bidentate Ligands: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200620. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzesimir Korona
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Terlecki
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Magott
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
| | - Jan Żukrowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology AGH University of Science and Technology Av. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Cracow Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kornowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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8
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Hertler PR, Kautzsch L, Touchton AJ, Wu G, Hayton TW. Metal-Metal-Bonded Fe 4 Clusters with Slow Magnetic Relaxation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9997-10005. [PMID: 35709487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of FeBr2 with Li(N═CtBu2) (0.5 equiv) and Zn0 (2 equiv) results in the formation of the formally mixed-valent cluster [Fe4Br2(N═CtBu2)4] (1) in moderate yield. The subsequent reaction of 1 with Na(N═CtBu2) results in formation of [Fe4Br(N═CtBu2)5] (2), also in moderate yield. Both 1 and 2 were characterized by zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Their tetrahedral [Fe4]6+ cores feature short Fe-Fe interactions (ca. 2.50 Å). Additionally, both 1 and 2 display S = 7 ground states at room temperature and slow magnetic relaxation with zero-field relaxation barriers of Ueff = 14.7(4) and 15.6(7) cm-1, respectively. Moreover, AC magnetic susceptibility measurements were well modeled by assuming an Orbach relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Linus Kautzsch
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alexander J Touchton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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9
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Srinivasan A, Musgrave RA, Rouzières M, Clérac R, McGrady JE, Hillard EA. A linear metal-metal bonded tri-iron single-molecule magnet. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13357-13360. [PMID: 34821230 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The linear trinuclear complex cation [Fe3(DpyF)4]2+ was prepared as [Fe3(DpyF)4](BF4)2·2CH3CN. With large Fe-Fe distances of 2.78 Å, this complex demonstrates intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling between the anisotropic FeII centers (J/kB = +20.9(5) K) giving an ST = 6 ground state and exhibits single-molecule magnet properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Srinivasan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - Mathieu Rouzières
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
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10
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Bartholomew AK, Musgrave RA, Anderton KJ, Juda CE, Dong Y, Bu W, Wang SY, Chen YS, Betley TA. Revealing redox isomerism in trichromium imides by anomalous diffraction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15739-15749. [PMID: 35003606 PMCID: PMC8654065 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In polynuclear biological active sites, multiple electrons are needed for turnover, and the distribution of these electrons among the metal sites is affected by the structure of the active site. However, the study of the interplay between structure and redox distribution is difficult not only in biological systems but also in synthetic polynuclear clusters since most redox changes produce only one thermodynamically stable product. Here, the unusual chemistry of a sterically hindered trichromium complex allowed us to probe the relationship between structural and redox isomerism. Two structurally isomeric trichromium imides were isolated: asymmetric terminal imide (tbsL)Cr3(NDipp) and symmetric, μ3-bridging imide (tbsL)Cr3(μ3–NBn) ((tbsL)6− = (1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSitBuMe2)3)6−). Along with the homovalent isocyanide adduct (tbsL)Cr3(CNBn) and the bisimide (tbsL)Cr3(μ3–NPh)(NPh), both imide isomers were examined by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) to determine the redox load distribution by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Despite their compositional similarities, the bridging imide shows uniform oxidation of all three Cr sites while the terminal imide shows oxidation at only two Cr sites. Further oxidation from the bridging imide to the bisimide is only borne at the Cr site bound to the second, terminal imido fragment. Thus, depending on the structural motifs present in each [Cr3] complex, MAD revealed complete localization of oxidation, partial localization, and complete delocalization, all supported by the same hexadentate ligand scaffold. Application of high-resolution Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffraction (MAD) allows the assignment of localized, partly delocalized, and fully delocalized oxidation in a series of trichromium imide isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Cristin E Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Su-Yin Wang
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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11
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Wang HS, Zhang K, Song Y, Pan ZQ. Recent advances in 3d-4f magnetic complexes with several types of non-carboxylate organic ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Huang W, Ma X, Sato O, Wu D. Controlling dynamic magnetic properties of coordination clusters via switchable electronic configuration. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6832-6870. [PMID: 34151907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Large-sized coordination clusters have emerged as a new class of molecular materials in which many metal atoms and organic ligands are integrated to synergize their properties. As dynamic magnetic materials, such a combination of multiple components functioning as responsive units has many advantages over monometallic systems due to the synergy between constituent components. Understanding the nature of dynamic magnetism at an atomic level is crucial for realizing the desired properties, designing responsive molecular nanomagnets, and ultimately unlocking the full potential of these nanomagnets for practical applications. Therefore, this review article highlights the recent development of large-sized coordination clusters with dynamic magnetic properties. These dynamic properties can be associated with spin transition, electron transfer, and valence fluctuation through their switchable electronic configurations. Subsequently, the article also highlights specialized characterization techniques with different timescales for supporting switching mechanisms, chemistry, and properties. Afterward, we present an overview of coordination clusters (such as cyanide-bridged and non-cyanide assemblies) with dynamic magnetic properties, namely, spin transition and electron transfer in magnetically bistable systems and mixed-valence complexes. In particular, the response mechanisms of coordination clusters are highlighted using representative examples with similar transition principles to gain insights into spin state and mixed-valence chemistry. In conclusion, we present possible solutions to challenges related to dynamic magnetic clusters and potential opportunities for a wide range of intelligent next-generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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13
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Nehrkorn J, Greer SM, Malbrecht BJ, Anderton KJ, Aliabadi A, Krzystek J, Schnegg A, Holldack K, Herrmann C, Betley TA, Stoll S, Hill S. Spectroscopic Investigation of a Metal-Metal-Bonded Fe 6 Single-Molecule Magnet with an Isolated S = 19/ 2 Giant-Spin Ground State. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4610-4622. [PMID: 33683105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metal-metal-bonded molecule [Bu4N][(HL)2Fe6(dmf)2] (Fe6) was previously shown to possess a thermally isolated spin S = 19/2 ground state and found to exhibit slow magnetization relaxation below a blocking temperature of ∼5 K [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 13949-13956]. Here, we present a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of this unique single-molecule magnet (SMM), combining ultrawideband field-swept high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with frequency-domain Fourier-transform terahertz EPR to accurately quantify the spin Hamiltonian parameters of Fe6. Of particular importance is the near absence of a 4th-order axial zero-field splitting term, which is known to arise because of quantum mechanical mixing of spin states on account of the relatively weak spin-spin (superexchange) interactions in traditional polynuclear SMMs such as the celebrated Mn12-acetate. The combined high-resolution measurements on both powder samples and an oriented single crystal provide a quantitative measure of the isolated nature of the spin ground state in the Fe6 molecule, as well as additional microscopic insights into factors that govern the quantum tunneling of its magnetization. This work suggests strategies for improving the performance of polynuclear SMMs featuring direct metal-metal bonds and strong ferromagnetic spin-spin (exchange) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Nehrkorn
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Samuel M Greer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brian J Malbrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Azar Aliabadi
- Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
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14
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Greer SM, Gramigna KM, Thomas CM, Stoian SA, Hill S. Insights into Molecular Magnetism in Metal-Metal Bonded Systems as Revealed by a Spectroscopic and Computational Analysis of Diiron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18141-18155. [PMID: 33253552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pair of bimetallic compounds featuring Fe-Fe bonds, [Fe(iPrNPPh2)3FeR] (R = PMe3, ≡NtBu), have been investigated using High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (HFEPR) as well as field- and temperature-dependent 57Fe nuclear γ resonance (Mössbauer) spectroscopy. To gain insight into the local site electronic structure, we have concurrently studied a compound containing a single Fe(II) in a geometry analogous to that of one of the dimer sites. Our spectroscopic studies have allowed for the assessment of the electronic structure via the determination of the zero-field splitting and 57Fe hyperfine parameters for the entire series. We also report on our efforts to correlate structure with physical properties in metal-metal bonded systems using ligand field theory guided by quantum chemical calculations. Through the insight gained in this study, we discuss strategies for the design of single-molecule magnets based on polymetallic compounds linked via direct metal-metal bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Greer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kathryn M Gramigna
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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15
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Chapovetsky A, Patel P, Liu C, Sattelberger AP, Kaphan DM, Delferro M. Electrochemical Investigation of Low-Valent Multiply M≡M Bonded Group VI Dimers: A Standard Chemical Reduction Leads to an Unexpected Product. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Chapovetsky
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Prajay Patel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alfred P. Sattelberger
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David M. Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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16
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Chakarawet K, Atanasov M, Marbey J, Bunting PC, Neese F, Hill S, Long JR. Strong Electronic and Magnetic Coupling in M 4 (M = Ni, Cu) Clusters via Direct Orbital Interactions between Low-Coordinate Metal Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19161-19169. [PMID: 33111523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present an extensive study of tetranuclear transition-metal cluster compounds M4(NPtBu3)4 and [M4(NPtBu3)4][B(C6F5)4] (M = Ni, Cu; tBu = tert-butyl), which feature low-coordinate metal centers and direct metal-metal orbital overlap. X-ray diffraction, electrochemical, magnetic, spectroscopic, and computational analysis elucidate the nature of the bonding interactions in these clusters and the impact of these interactions on the electronic and magnetic properties. Direct orbital overlap results in strongly coupled, large-spin ground states in the [Ni4(NPtBu3)4]+/0 clusters and fully delocalized, spin-correlated electrons. Correlated electronic structure calculations confirm the presence of ferromagnetic ground states that arise from direct exchange between magnetic orbitals, and, in the case of the neutral cluster, itinerant electron magnetism similar to that in metallic ferromagnets. The cationic nickel cluster also possesses large magnetic anisotropy exemplified by a large, positive axial zero-field splitting parameter of D = +7.95 or +9.2 cm-1, as determined by magnetometry or electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. The [Ni4(NPtBu3)4]+ cluster is also the first molecule with easy-plane magnetic anisotropy to exhibit zero-field slow magnetic relaxation, and under a small applied field, it exhibits relaxation exclusively through an Orbach mechanism with a spin relaxation barrier of 16 cm-1. The S = 1/2 complex [Cu4(NPtBu3)4]+ exhibits slow magnetic relaxation via a Raman process on the millisecond time scale, supporting the presence of slow relaxation via an Orbach process in the nickel analogue. Overall, this work highlights the unique electronic and magnetic properties that can be realized in metal clusters featuring direct metal-metal orbital interactions between low-coordinate metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihail Atanasov
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany.,Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Akad. Georgi Bontchev, Street 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jonathan Marbey
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | | | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
| | - Stephen Hill
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Guo YD, Wang JJ, Zeng HL, Yang YR, Xu XX, Yan XH. Electrically precise control of the spin polarization of electronic transport at the single-molecule level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17229-17235. [PMID: 32685948 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional magnetic means (such as ferromagnetic contacts), controlling a spin current by electrical methods could largely reduce the energy consumption and dimensions of nano-devices, which has become a focus of research in spintronics. Inspired by recent progress in the synthesis of an iron-based metal-organic nanostructure, we investigate the spin-dependent electronic transport of the molecule of Fe3-terpyridine-phenyl-phenyl-terpyridine-Fe3 (Fe3-TPPT-Fe3) through first-principles calculations, and propose a three-terminal device without ferromagnetics. By applying a gate voltage, not only the spin polarization can be switched between 100% and -100% to achieve a dual-spin filter, but also its fine regulation can be realized, where the transmission with any ratio of spin-up to spin-down electron numbers is achievable. Analysis shows that the particular transmission spectra are the key mechanism, where two peaks reside discretely on both sides of the Fermi level with opposite spins. Such a feature is found to be robust to the number of Fe atoms and TPPT chain length, suggesting that it is an intrinsic feature of such systems and very conducive to practical applications. The electrical control (such as an electric field) of spin polarization is realized at the single-molecule level, showing great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Guo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China.
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18
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Kephart JA, Hecht Z, Livesay BN, Bhowmick I, Shores MP, Popescu VC, Arulsamy N, Hulley EB. Self-assembly of an organometallic Fe 9O 6 cluster from aerobic oxidation of (tmeda)Fe(CH 2tBu) 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4994-4997. [PMID: 32239066 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic oxidation of (tmeda)Fe(CH2tBu)2 in toluene or THF solution leads to the self-assembly of a magic-sized all-ferrous oxide cluster containing the Fe9O6 subunit and bearing organometallic and diamine ligands. Mössbauer studies of the cluster are consistent with an all-ferrous assignment and magnetometry reveals complex intracluster and intercluster magnetic interactions.
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19
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Toniolo D, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Assembly of High-Spin [Fe 3] Clusters by Ligand-Based Multielectron Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7301-7305. [PMID: 32248681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hexanuclear [Na12Fe6(tris-cyclo-salophen)2(THF)14], 1-THF, and the trinuclear [Na6Fe3(tris-cyclo-salophen)(py)9], 1-py, Fe(II) clusters can be easily assembled in one step from the ligand-based reduction of the [FeII(salophen)(THF)] complex. These complexes consist of triangular cores where three Fe(II) ions are held together, within range of bonding interaction, by the hexa-amide, hexaphenolate macrocyclic ligand tris-cyclo-salophen12-. The tris-cyclo-salophen12- ligand is perfectly suited for binding three Fe(II) centers at short distances, allowing for strong magnetic coupling between the Fe(II) centers. The macrocyclic ligand is generated by the reductive coupling of the imino groups of three salophen ligands, resulting in three new C-C bonds. The six electrons stored in the ligand become available for the reduction of carbon dioxide with selective formation of carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Toniolo
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Cook AW, Bocarsly JD, Lewis RA, Touchton AJ, Morochnik S, Hayton TW. An iron ketimide single-molecule magnet [Fe 4(N[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh 2) 6] with suppressed through-barrier relaxation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4753-4757. [PMID: 34122931 PMCID: PMC8159258 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of FeBr2 with 1.5 equiv. of LiN[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2 and 2 equiv. of Zn, in THF, results in the formation of the tetrametallic iron ketimide cluster [Fe4(N[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2)6] (1) in moderate yield. Formally, two Fe centers in 1 are Fe(i) and two are Fe(ii); however, Mössbauer spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry suggests that the [Fe4]6+ core of 1 exhibits complete valence electron delocalization, with a thermally-persistent spin ground state of S = 7. AC and DC SQUID magnetometry reveals the presence of slow magnetic relaxation in 1, indicative of single-molecule magnetic (SMM) behaviour with a relaxation barrier of U eff = 29 cm-1. Remarkably, very little quantum tunnelling or Raman relaxation is observed down to 1.8 K, which leads to an open hysteresis loop and long relaxation times (up to 34 s at 1.8 K and zero field and 440 s at 1.67 kOe). These results suggest that transition metal ketimide clusters represent a promising avenue to create long-lifetime single molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Joshua D Bocarsly
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Alexander J Touchton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Simona Morochnik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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21
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Charles III RM, Yokley TW, Schley ND, DeYonker NJ, Brewster TP. Hydrogen Activation and Hydrogenolysis Facilitated By Late-Transition-Metal–Aluminum Heterobimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12635-12645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Malcolm Charles III
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Smith Chemistry
Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Timothy W. Yokley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Smith Chemistry
Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Smith Chemistry
Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Timothy P. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Smith Chemistry
Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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22
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Kelly ZA, Tran TT, McQueen TM. Nonpolar-to-Polar Trimerization Transitions in the S = 1 Kagomé Magnet Na 2Ti 3Cl 8. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11941-11948. [PMID: 31393111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kagomé lattice magnets have emerged as a versatile platform on which to discover and explore the underlying physics of quantum-spin liquids and related states of matter, although experimental examples of ideal kagomé lattices remain rare. Here we report that Na2Ti3Cl8 is an ideal realization of an insulating S = 1 kagomé magnet. This material undergoes a discrete two-step trimerization upon cooling, transforming from a centrosymmetric, paramagnetic high-temperature (HT) R3m phase to noncentrosymmetric, polar, and trimerized intermediate- (IT) and low-temperature (LT) R3m phases via two successive first-order phase transitions. Symmetry mode decomposition analysis shows that trimerization requires activation of the proper polar order parameter Γ2- and that this mode becomes active at the HT → IT phase transition. The magnitude of this order parameter approximately doubles at the IT → LT transition, with possible activation of a second polar mode, corresponding to Na2 and Ti3Cl8 displacing layers toward each other, at the IT → LT transition. Specific heat measurements reveal comparable changes in entropy between the LT → IT transition, 18.6(1.0) J (mol of f.u.)-1 K-1, and the IT → LT transition, 16.8(1.0) J (mol of f.u.)-1 K-1, demonstrating loss of the magnetic degrees of freedom and constraining possible models for the magnetic and electronic structures of the IT and LT phases. Thus, Na2Ti3Cl8 demonstrates a novel mechanism to obtain polar structures driven by geometrically frustrated lattices and metal-metal bonding and highlights the rich physics arising from kagomé lattice materials.
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23
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Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15836-15841. [PMID: 31324742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907699116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we examine a family of trinuclear iron complexes by multiple-wavelength, anomalous diffraction (MAD) to explore the redox load distribution within cluster materials by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Several effects were explored that can impact atomic scattering factors within clusters, including 1) metal atom primary coordination sphere, 2) M-M bonding, and 3) redox delocalization in formally mixed-valent species. Complexes were investigated which vary from highly symmetric to fully asymmetric by 57Fe Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction to explore the relationship between MAD-derived data and the data available from these widely used characterization techniques. The compounds examined include the all-ferrous clusters [ n Bu4N][(tbsL)Fe3(μ3-Cl)] (1) ([tbsL]6- = [1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSi t BuMe2)3]6-]), (tbsL)Fe3(py) (2), [K(C222)]2[(tbsL)Fe3(μ3-NPh)] (4) (C222 = 2,2,2-cryptand), and the mixed-valent (tbsL)Fe3(μ3-NPh) (3). Redox delocalization in mixed-valent 3 was explored with cyclic voltammetry (CV), zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography techniques. We find that the MAD results show an excellent correspondence to 57Fe Mössbauer data; yet also can distinguish between subtle changes in local coordination geometries where Mössbauer cannot. Differences within aggregate oxidation levels are evident by systematic shifts of scattering factor envelopes to increasingly higher energies. However, distinguishing local oxidation levels in iso- or mixed-valent materials can be dramatically obscured by the degree of covalent intracore bonding. MAD-derived atomic scattering factor data emphasize in-edge features that are often difficult to analyze by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Thus, relative oxidation levels within the cluster were most reliably ascertained from comparing the entire envelope of the atomic scattering factor data.
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24
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Barman SK, Cano J, Lloret F, Mukherjee R. Single-Molecule-Magnet FeII4FeIII2 and Antiferromagnetic FeIII4 Coordination Clusters. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8086-8099. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman K. Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Joan Cano
- Departament de Química, Inorgànica/Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), Universitat de València, Polígono de
la Coma, s/n, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Departament de Química, Inorgànica/Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), Universitat de València, Polígono de
la Coma, s/n, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
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25
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Abstract
Multimetallic cofactors supported by weak-field donors frequently function as reaction centers in metalloproteins, and many of these cofactors catalyze small molecule activation (e.g., N2, O2, CO2) with prominent roles in geochemical element cycles or detoxification. Notable examples include the iron-molybdenum cofactor of the molybdenum-dependent nitrogenases, which catalyze N2 fixation, and the NiFe4S4 cluster and the Mo(O)SCu site in various carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. The prevailing proposed reaction mechanisms for these multimetallic cofactors relies on a cooperative pathway, in which the oxidation state changes are distributed over the aggregate coupled with orbital overlap between the substrate and more than one metal ion within the cluster. Such cooperativity has also been proposed for chemical transformations at the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. However, the design details that afford cooperative effects and allow such reactivity to be harnessed effectively in homogeneous synthetic systems remain unclear. Relatedly, hydride donors ligated to these metal cluster cofactors are suggested as precursors to the state that reacts with substrates; here too, however, the reactivity of hydride-decorated clusters supported by weak-field ligands is underexplored. Inspired by the reactivity potential of multimetallic assemblies evidenced in biological systems, approaches to design, synthesize, and evaluate reactivity of polynuclear metal compounds have been actively explored. In a similar vein to the templating function afforded by enzyme active sites, a carefully engineered organic ligand can be employed to control metal nuclearity of the complex and the local coordination environment of each metal center. This Account presents our efforts within this field, beginning with ligand design considerations followed by a survey of observed small molecule activation by trimetallic cyclophanates. We highlight the distinct reactivity outcomes accessed by multimetallic compounds as compared to aggregates that assemble in reaction mixtures from monometallic precursors. Contributing to the opportunity for programmed cooperativity in these designed multimetallic compounds, the cyclophane also dictates the orientation of substrate binding and metal-substrate interactions, which has a prominent influence on reactivity. For example, the dinitrogen-tricopper(I) cyclophanate reacts with dioxygen with markedly different results as compared to monocopper compounds. As an unexpected outcome, one series of tricopper compounds were discovered to be competent catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to oxalate-a formally one-electron process-hinting at an inherently broader reaction scope for weak-field clusters at lowering the barrier for one-electron pathways as well as multielectron redox transformations. Further reflecting the role of the ligand in tuning reactivity, the trimetallic trihydride cluster compounds, [M3(μ-H)3]3+ (M = FeII, CoII, ZnII), demonstrate substrate specificity for CO2 over various other unsaturated molecules and surprising stability toward water. This series reflects the role of the local environment of a shallow ligand pocket to control substrate access. Summed together, the systems described here evidence the anticipated cooperative reactivity accessed in designed multimetallic species vs self-assembled monometallic systems (e.g., O2 activation and O atom transfer) as well as control of substrate access by seemingly subtle structural effects. Indeed, future efforts aim to interrogate the limits of cooperativity in these systems as well as the role of ligand dynamics and sterics on reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B. Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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26
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Hunt C, Peterson M, Anderson C, Chang T, Wu G, Scheiner S, Ménard G. Switchable Aromaticity in an Isostructural Mn Phthalocyanine Series Isolated in Five Separate Redox States. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2604-2613. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camden Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Madeline Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cassidy Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60493, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Gabriel Ménard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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27
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Sánchez RH, Betley TA. Thermally Persistent High-Spin Ground States in Octahedral Iron Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16792-16806. [PMID: 30403845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical oxidation and reduction of the all-ferrous (HL)2Fe6 in THF affords isostructural, coordinatively unsaturated clusters of the type [(HL)2Fe6] n: [(HL)2Fe6][BArF24] (1, n = +1; where [BArF24]- = tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), [Bu4N][(HL)2Fe6] (2a, n = -1), [P][(HL)2Fe6] (2b, n = -1; where [P]+ = tributyl(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)phosphonium), and [Bu4N]2[(HL)2Fe6] (3, n = -2). Each member of the redox-transfer series was characterized by zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and magnetometry. Redox-directed trends are observed when comparing the structural metrics within the [Fe6] core. The metal octahedron [Fe6] decreases marginally in volume as the molecular reduction state increases as gauged by the Fe-Feavg distance varying from 2.608(11) Å ( n = +1) to 2.573(3) ( n = -2). In contrast, the mean Fe-N distances and ∠Fe-N-Fe angles correlate linearly with the [Fe6] oxidation level, or alternatively, the changes observed within the local Fe-N4 coordination planes vary linearly with the aggregate spin ground state. In general, as the spin ground state ( S) increases, the Fe-N(H)avg distances also increase. The structural metric perturbations within the [Fe6] core and measured spin ground states were rationalized extending the previously proposed molecular orbital diagram derived for (HL)2Fe6. Chemical reduction of the (HL)2Fe6 cluster results in an abrupt increase in spin ground state from S = 6 for the all-ferrous cluster, to S = 19/2 in the monoanionic 2b and S = 11 for the dianionic 3. The observation of asymmetric intervalence charge transfer bands in 3 provides further evidence of the fully delocalized ground state observed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy for all species examined (1-3). For each of the clusters examined within the electron-transfer series, the observed spin ground states thermally persist to 300 K. In particular, the S = 11 in dianionic 3 and S = 19/2 in the monoanionic 2b represent the highest spin ground states isolated up to room temperature known to date. The increase in spin ground state results from population of the antibonding orbital band comprised of the Fe-N σ* interactions. As such, the thermally persistent ground states arise from population of the resultant single spin manifolds in accordance with Hund's rules. The large spin ground states, indicative of strong ferromagnetic electronic alignment of the valence electrons, result from strong direct exchange electronic coupling mediated by Fe-Fe orbital overlap within the [Fe6] cores, equivalent to a strong double exchange magnetic coupling B for 3 that was calculated to be 309 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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28
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Krull C, Castelli M, Hapala P, Kumar D, Tadich A, Capsoni M, Edmonds MT, Hellerstedt J, Burke SA, Jelinek P, Schiffrin A. Iron-based trinuclear metal-organic nanostructures on a surface with local charge accumulation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3211. [PMID: 30097562 PMCID: PMC6086834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination chemistry relies on harnessing active metal sites within organic matrices. Polynuclear complexes-where organic ligands bind to several metal atoms-are relevant due to their electronic/magnetic properties and potential for functional reactivity pathways. However, their synthesis remains challenging; few geometries and configurations have been achieved. Here, we synthesise-via supramolecular chemistry on a noble metal surface-one-dimensional metal-organic nanostructures composed of terpyridine (tpy)-based molecules coordinated with well-defined polynuclear iron clusters. Combining low-temperature scanning probe microscopy and density functional theory, we demonstrate that the coordination motif consists of coplanar tpy's linked via a quasi-linear tri-iron node in a mixed (positive-)valence metal-metal bond configuration. This unusual linkage is stabilised by local accumulation of electrons between cations, ligand and surface. The latter, enabled by bottom-up on-surface synthesis, yields an electronic structure that hints at a chemically active polynuclear metal centre, paving the way for nanomaterials with novel catalytic/magnetic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Krull
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Marina Castelli
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, 20 Research Way, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Prokop Hapala
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Dhaneesh Kumar
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, 20 Research Way, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Anton Tadich
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Martina Capsoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Mark T Edmonds
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, 20 Research Way, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, 20 Research Way, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah A Burke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic.
- RCPTM, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, 20 Research Way, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Connie C Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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30
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Liu Y, Hua S, Cheng M, Yu L, Demeshko S, Dechert S, Meyer F, Lee G, Chiang M, Peng S. Electron Delocalization of Mixed‐Valence Diiron Sites Mediated by Group 10 Metal Ions in Heterotrimetallic Fe‐M‐Fe (M=Ni, Pd, and Pt) Chain Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:11649-11666. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chiao Liu
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shao‐An Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Present address: Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Li‐Chung Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Present address: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | | | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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31
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Nicolini A, Galavotti R, Barra AL, Borsari M, Caleffi M, Luo G, Novitchi G, Park K, Ranieri A, Rigamonti L, Roncaglia F, Train C, Cornia A. Filling the Gap in Extended Metal Atom Chains: Ferromagnetic Interactions in a Tetrairon(II) String Supported by Oligo-α-pyridylamido Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5438-5448. [PMID: 29668273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stringlike complex [Fe4(tpda)3Cl2] (2; H2tpda = N2, N6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine) was obtained as the first homometallic extended metal atom chain based on iron(II) and oligo-α-pyridylamido ligands. The synthesis was performed under strictly anaerobic and anhydrous conditions using dimesityliron, [Fe2(Mes)4] (1; HMes = mesitylene), as both an iron source and a deprotonating agent for H2tpda. The four lined-up iron(II) ions in the structure of 2 (Fe···Fe = 2.94-2.99 Å, Fe···Fe···Fe = 171.7-168.8°) are wrapped by three doubly deprotonated twisted ligands, and the chain is capped at its termini by two chloride ions. The spectroscopic and electronic properties of 2 were investigated in dichloromethane by UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical measurements showed four fully resolved, quasi-reversible one-electron-redox processes, implying that 2 can adopt five oxidation states in a potential window of only 0.8 V. Direct current (dc) magnetic measurements indicate dominant ferromagnetic coupling at room temperature, although the ground state is only weakly magnetic. On the basis of density functional theory and angular overlap model calculations, this magnetic behavior was explained as being due to two pairs of ferromagnetically coupled iron(II) ions ( J = -21 cm-1 using JŜ i·Ŝ j convention) weakly antiferromagnetically coupled with each other. Alternating-current susceptibility data in the presence of a 2 kOe dc field and at frequencies up to 1.5 kHz revealed the onset of slow magnetic relaxation below 2.8 K, with the estimated energy barrier Ueff/ kB = 10.1(1.3) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nicolini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy.,Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Rita Galavotti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Anne-Laure Barra
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses-CNRS , Université Grenoble-Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Matteo Caleffi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Guangpu Luo
- Department of Physics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Ghenadie Novitchi
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses-CNRS , Université Grenoble-Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Kyungwha Park
- Department of Physics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Cyrille Train
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses-CNRS , Université Grenoble-Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Andrea Cornia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
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32
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Gardinier JR, Hewage JS, Bennett B, Wang D, Lindeman SV. Tricarbonylrhenium(I) Complexes of Dinucleating Redox-Active Pincer Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Jeewantha S. Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Sergey V. Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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33
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Pick FS, Leznoff DB, Fryzuk MD. Redox behaviour of ([fc(NPiPr2)2]Fe)2, formation of an iron–iron bond and cleavage of azobenzene. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10925-10931. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00828k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The redox behaviour of the dimeric tetrairon complex, ([fc(NPiPr2)2]Fe)2 (where fc(NPiPr2)2 = 1,1′-(C5H4NPiPr2)2Fe) has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser S. Pick
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Deprtment of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Michael D. Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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34
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Pathak S, Jana B, Mandal M, Mandal V, Ghorai TK. Antimicrobial activity study of a μ3-oxo bridged [Fe3O(PhCO2)6(MeOH)3](NO3)(MeOH)2] cluster. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Anderton KJ, Ermert DM, Quintero PA, Turvey MW, Fataftah MS, Abboud KA, Meisel MW, Čižmár E, Murray LJ. Correlating Bridging Ligand with Properties of Ligand-Templated [Mn II3X 3] 3+ Clusters (X = Br -, Cl -, H -, MeO -). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12012-12022. [PMID: 28920698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polynuclear manganese compounds have garnered interest as mimics and models of the water oxidizing complex (WOC) in photosystem II and as single molecule magnets. Molecular systems in which composition can be correlated to physical phenomena, such as magnetic exchange interactions, remain few primarily because of synthetic limitations. Here, we report the synthesis of a family of trimanganese(II) complexes of the type Mn3X3L (X = Cl-, H-, and MeO-) where L3- is a tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane. The tri(chloride) complex (2) is structurally similar to the reported tri(bromide) complex (1) with the Mn3X3 core having a ladder-like arrangement of alternating M-X rungs, whereas the tri(μ-hydride) (3) and tri(μ-methoxide) (4) complexes contain planar hexagonal cores. The hydride and methoxide complexes are synthesized in good yield (48% and 56%) starting with the bromide complex employing a metathesis-like strategy. Compounds 2-4 were characterized by combustion analysis, X-ray crystallography, X-band EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the Mn3 clusters in 2-4 are antiferromagnetically coupled, and the spin ground state of the compounds (S = 3/2 (1, 2) or S = 1/2 (3, 4)) is correlated to the identity of the bridging ligand and structural arrangement of the Mn3X3 core (X = Br, Cl, H, OCH3). Electrochemical experiments on isobutyronitrile solutions of 3 and 4 display broad irreversible oxidations centered at 0.30 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - David M Ermert
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Pedro A Quintero
- Department of Physics and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mackenzie W Turvey
- Department of Physics and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mark W Meisel
- Department of Physics and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Erik Čižmár
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University , 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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36
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Gieshoff TN, Chakraborty U, Villa M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Alkene Hydrogenations by Soluble Iron Nanocluster Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3585-3589. [PMID: 28233953 PMCID: PMC5484329 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of noble metal technologies and the realization of new reactivities with earth-abundant metals is at the heart of sustainable synthesis. Alkene hydrogenations have so far been most effectively performed by noble metal catalysts. This study reports an iron-catalyzed hydrogenation protocol for tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes of unprecedented activity and scope under mild conditions (1-4 bar H2 , 20 °C). Instructive snapshots at the interface of homogeneous and heterogeneous iron catalysis were recorded by the isolation of novel Fe nanocluster architectures that act as catalyst reservoirs and soluble seeds of particle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim N. Gieshoff
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Uttam Chakraborty
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
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37
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Gieshoff TN, Chakraborty U, Villa M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Alkene Hydrogenations by Soluble Iron Nanocluster Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim N. Gieshoff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Uttam Chakraborty
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
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38
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Yao XN, Du JZ, Zhang YQ, Leng XB, Yang MW, Jiang SD, Wang ZX, Ouyang ZW, Deng L, Wang BW, Gao S. Two-Coordinate Co(II) Imido Complexes as Outstanding Single-Molecule Magnets. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:373-380. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jing-Zhen Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xue-Bing Leng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Mu-Wen Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Wuhan
National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhong-Wen Ouyang
- Wuhan
National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liang Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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39
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Miller DL, Siedschlag RB, Clouston LJ, Young VG, Chen YS, Bill E, Gagliardi L, Lu CC. Redox Pairs of Diiron and Iron–Cobalt Complexes with High-Spin Ground States. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9725-9735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Randall B. Siedschlag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura J. Clouston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Victor G. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße
34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Supercomputing
Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Connie C. Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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