1
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Jiao R, Liu N, Zong Z, Ke XS. A Triply Linked Copper(III) Dicarbacorrole Dimer. Chemistry 2024:e202401240. [PMID: 38632105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A triply linked dicarbacorrole dimer (7) was synthesized from a new meso-meso singly linked dicarbacorrole dimer precursor (6) via an oxidative fusion reaction by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). Single crystal X-ray structure of 7 adopts a flat conformation with a length as ca. 15.946 Å and a width as 6.903 Å, which can be regarded as a short carbaporphyrinoid tape. Two coordinated Cu ions keeps the +3 oxidation state in 7, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This is in sharp contrast to the Osuka's triply linked tetrapyrrolic corrole dimers, where the inner 3NH form is not stable and thus can only act as a divalent ligand. Due to the non-aromatic nature of dicarbacorrole macrocycle, the largely decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and red-shifted absorption of 7 are best ascribed to the strong electronic interaction between two dipyrromethene-type chromophores. To our knowledge, this is the first fully fused carbaporphyrinoid dimer with β-β, meso-meso, β-β triply linkages prepared to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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2
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Yadav B, Ravikanth M. Porphyrinoid framework embedded with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: new synthetic marvels. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1932-1960. [PMID: 38376865 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The highly conjugated tetrapyrrolic porphyrin macrocycle and its contracted and expanded congeners have been extensively used for a wide range of applications across diverse research domains because of their captivating and intriguing features. Over the years, the porphyrin framework and electronic properties of porphyrinoids have been modified and tuned by replacing one or more pyrrole ring(s) with five- and six-membered heterocycles/carbacycles, and their resulting properties have been explored. In recent times, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene, have been used to replace one or more pyrrole rings of porphyrinoids, and resulting polycyclic-aromatic-embedded porphyrinoids show unique features that differ from those of other modified porphyrinoids. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the porphyrinoid macrocyclic framework induce different π-conjugation pathways in macrocycles, exhibit variable degrees of aromaticity from nonaromatic to aromatic and antiaromatic and provide a unique ligand environment to form stable coordination and organometallic complexes in which metals show uncommon oxidation states and unusual reactivity. This review presents an overview of the synthesis, coordination chemistry, structure and properties of various porphyrinoids with an embedded PAH that have been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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3
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He H, Lee YJ, Zong Z, Liu N, Lynch VM, Kim J, Oh J, Kim D, Sessler JL, Ke XS. Nanographene-Fused Expanded Carbaporphyrin Tweezers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:543-551. [PMID: 38147538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A nanographene-fused expanded carbaporphyrin (5) and its BF2 complex (6) were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray structures revealed that 5 and 6 are connected by two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units and two dipyrromethene or BODIPY units, respectively. As prepared, 5 and 6 both show nonaromatic character with figure-of-eight carbaoctaphyrin (1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) cores and adopt tweezers-like conformations characterized by a partially confined space between the two constituent HBC units. The distance between the HBC centers is >10 Å, while the dihedral angles between the two HBC planes are 30.5 and 35.2° for 5 and 6, respectively. The interactions between 5 and 6 and fullerene C60 were studied both in organic media and in the solid state. Proton NMR spectral titrations of 5 and 6 with C60 revealed a 1:1 binding mode for both macrocycles. In toluene-d8, the corresponding binding constants were determined to be 1141 ± 17 and 994 ± 10 M-1 for 5 and 6, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structural analyses confirmed the formation of 1:1 fullerene inclusion complexes in the solid state. The C60 guests in both complexes are found within triangular pockets composed of two HBC units from the tweezers-like receptor most closely associated with the bound fullerene, as well as an HBC unit from an adjacent host. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements revealed subpicosecond ultrafast charge separation between 5 (and 6) and C60 in the complexes. To the best of our knowledge, the present report provides the first example wherein a nanographene building block is incorporated into the core of a porphyrinic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Varak P, Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Properties of Nonaromatic meso-fused Heterobenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300387. [PMID: 37440606 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-based tripyrrane has been used as a fused precursor to synthesize three novel examples of nonaromatic meso-fused thia and selenabenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s by condensing it with appropriate 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)aryl thiophene or selenophene under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso-fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins contain one fluorene unit, two pyrrole rings and one thiophene/selenophene ring connected via five meso-carbons in the macrocyclic framework. The macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD-DFT studies. NMR, absorption, and DFT studies indicated the nonaromatic nature of meso-fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins. The macrocycles displayed one intense band at ∼380 nm along with a shoulder band at 450 nm and a broad band in the region of 590-850 nm which were bathochromically shifted in the monoprotonated derivatives and absorbed prominently in the NIR region with the peak maxima at ∼1035 nm. The electrochemical studies revealed that the macrocycles showed three well-defined oxidations and reductions, and TD-DFT studies corroborated experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Varak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Owai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Owai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Tripathi N, Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of stable nonaromatic phenothiazinophyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6617-6623. [PMID: 37531194 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable and nonaromatic phenothiazinophyrins which resulted from the replacement of one of the pyrrole rings of porphyrin with a phenothiazine unit were synthesized by condensing phenothiazine based tripyrrane with aryl aldehyde and pyrrole under acid catalysed conditions. NMR studies revealed that the pyrrole ring that is across the phenothiazine unit is inverted and DFT studies also supported that the pyrrole ring inverted phenothiazinophyrins were more stable. Phenothiazinophyrins and their protonated derivatives showed panchromatic absorption features and absorbed in the visible to NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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6
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Organometallic Chemistry within the Structured Environment Provided by the Macrocyclic Cores of Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031496. [PMID: 36771158 PMCID: PMC9920839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable organometallic derivatives was first demonstrated for N-confused porphyrins but many other carbaporphyrin-type systems were subsequently shown to exhibit similar or complementary properties. Metalation commonly occurs with catalytically active transition metal cations and the resulting derivatives exhibit widely different physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties and range from strongly aromatic to nonaromatic and antiaromatic species. Metalation may trigger unusual, highly selective, oxidation reactions. Alkyl group migration has been observed within the cavity of metalated carbaporphyrins, and in some cases ring contraction of the carbocyclic subunit takes place. Over the past thirty years, studies in this area have led to multiple synthetic routes to carbaporphyrinoid ligands and remarkable organometallic chemistry has been reported. An overview of this important area is presented.
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7
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Ko MS, Hong JH, Aslam AS, Lee YH, Cho DG. Synthesis of Dioxa-1,7-naphthicorrole and Its Oxidized Porphyrinoid as a Potential Built-In Linker for Biomolecules. J Org Chem 2023; 88:722-726. [PMID: 36538876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first aromatic benzicorrole termed naphthicorrole was synthesized with a carbon donor containing more than six members. Its oxidized (enedione-embedded) porphyrinoid was also obtained using different meso-aryl substitutions under sequential oxidation conditions. The resulting enedione motif of the nonaromatic porphyrinoid was regioselective to the C2 position for S or N nucleophiles. Thus, the oxidized porphyrinoid was tested as a built-in linker for biomolecules. The progress of the reaction was visually monitored due to their different conjugation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil S Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ko MS, Hong JH, Aslam AS, Rao PS, Desale PP, Choi J, Lee Y, Cho DG. o-(2-Thienyl)vinylarene as an Alternative Synthetic Motif for Porphyrinoids: o-Arene-Connected Porphyrinoids. Org Lett 2022; 24:8812-8815. [PMID: 36417689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
o-Arene-connected porphyrinoids were synthesized with o-(2-thienyl)vinylarene motif as a new building block for porphyrinoids. This motif can replace meso-aryl-substituted dipyrromethene and serve as a command key arranging o-connectivity of porphyrinoid. While 6a (benzene version) is very weak, 6b (pyridine version) shows a substantial amount of diatropic ring current due to reduced steric hindrance (without H23) and rigidified Pd-6a became more aromatic than 6b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil S Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - P Sankara Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep P Desale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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9
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Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of Doubly Fused Phenothiazine-Embedded Dithiasapphyrins. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15837-15844. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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10
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Szyszko B. Phenanthrene‐Embedded Carbaporphyrinoids and Related Systems: From Ligands to Cages and Molecular Switches. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Chemistry 14 F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wroclaw POLAND
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11
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Robbins E, Deska R, Ślusarek K, Dudek M, Samoć M, Latos-Grażyński L, Szyszko B, Matczyszyn K. Two-photon absorption of 28-hetero-2,7-naphthiporphyrins: expanded carbaporphyrinoid macrocycles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19554-19560. [PMID: 35865606 PMCID: PMC9258731 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The one- and two-photon absorption (1PA and 2PA) properties of three expanded aceneporphyrinoids, 28-thia-, 28-selena- and 28-tellura-2,7-naphthiporphyrin, have been studied. The open-aperture Z-scan technique was used to determine two-photon absorption cross-sections in the near infrared range using an amplified femtosecond laser system. The maximum values of the cross sections were found to be 99, 200 and 650 GM at 900 nm and 1, 13 and 31 GM at 1400 nm for the three investigated compounds, respectively. These results demonstrate enhanced 2PA properties compared with well-known porphyrin photosensitizers, such as Foscan®, showing the potential of porphyrin core modification for optimizing infrared nonlinear absorbers. The one- and two-photon absorption (1PA and 2PA) properties of three expanded aceneporphyrinoids, 28-thia-, 28-selena- and 28-tellura-2,7-naphthiporphyrin, have been studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robbins
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland .,Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges 123 Avenue Albert Thomas 87060 Limoges France
| | - Radosław Deska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ślusarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marta Dudek
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
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12
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Wang Y, Ke XS, Lee S, Kang S, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Pyrene-Bridged Expanded Carbaporphyrin Nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9212-9216. [PMID: 35358383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two belt-like expanded carbaporphyrins (NB1 and NB2) were prepared via a one-pot procedure that involves a [6 + 3] condensation between a pyrene-bearing tetrapyrrole precursor (2) and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, followed by oxidation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that NB1 and NB2 both contain six dipyrromethene moieties and three bridging pyrene units. In the structure of NB1, there are two vertically orientated pyrene units and one transverse orientated pyrene unit; however, in NB2 all three pyrene units are vertically orientated. The structural differences between NB1 and NB2 are reflected in their respective physical properties as revealed by proton NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies. In contrast to all-carbon nanobelts, NB1 and NB2 contain multiple pyrrolic nitrogen donors that could serve as potential metal coordination sites. As a test of this possibility, NB2 was used to prepare an unprecedented Zn complex containing 7 Zn2+ metal centers connected by a network of bridging atoms, as confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a belt-like molecular system that can coordinate multiple metal ions both along the backbone and within its central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas, 105 East 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Seokwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas, 105 East 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas, 105 East 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Abstract
The polyaromatic hydrocarbon containing expanded porphyrins, bis-(fluorene)-embedded hexaphyrins, were synthesized by condensing fluorene-based tripyrrane with pentafluorobenzaldehyde in CH2Cl2 in the presence of 1 equiv of BF3·OEt2 under an inert atmosphere followed by oxidation with DDQ in open air at room temperature. The reaction worked only when 1 equiv of BF3·OEt2 was added to the reaction mixture under concentrated reaction conditions. The bis-(fluorene)-embedded macrocycles were characterized and studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), absorption, electrochemical, and density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent (TD)-DFT techniques. In 1H NMR, the hexaphyrins showed a few broad unresolved resonances at room temperature, but the NMR spectra were well-resolved at lower temperatures, indicating that the hexaphyrins were very flexible. The DFT-optimized structures indicated that the two fluorene units at the crossing point of the figure-eight loop makes an angle of ∼79.73° with each other, the fluorene moieties maintained their own planarity, and one of the fluorene moieties was not involved in conjugation with the rest of the macrocycle. The absorption spectra of hexaphyrins showed one intense sharp band in the higher energy region and a broad band in the lower energy region. The electrochemical studies indicated that expanded hexaphyrins are relatively electron-rich and showed three easier oxidations and one reduction. The DFT/TD-DFT studies are in agreement with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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14
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Abstract
Unprecedented nonaromatic stable phenothiazine-embedded porphyrinoids were synthesized by incorporating phenothiazine subunits into the hexaphyrin framework. The crystal structure revealed that the macrocycle adopted a twisted conformation wherein the phenothiazine units maintained their planarity, which was an impediment in π-delocalization throughout the macrocyclic core. The macrocycles exhibited distinct absorption bands in the visible-near-infrared region, and electrochemical studies indicated their electron-rich nature. Theoretical studies were consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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15
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Li B, Shen H, Deng M, Gu FL. Second-Order Nonlinear Optics Response of the Boron-Dipyrromethenes-Based Mislinked Expanded Porphyrins: Revealing the Role of the -BF 2 Group. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:412-418. [PMID: 34989589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, the mislinked expanded porphyrins singly (labeled A) and doubly (labeled B) neo-confused [22]smaragdyrin, the boron-dipyrromethenes-based mislinked expanded porphyrins singly (labeled C) and doubly (labeled D) neo-confused [22]smaragdyrin, where both C and D include a -BF2 group, are chosen to serve as the study objects, and theoretical calculations are carried out to study the role of the -BF2 group in the second-order nonlinear optics (NLO) behaviors. Results highlighted that the -BF2 group plays an important role for the second-order behaviors in mislinked expanded porphyrins; namely, embedding the -BF2 group well enhanced the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) value {βHRS(0;0,0)}, C{βHRS(0;0,0)}A{βHRS(0;0,0)} = 2.0 and D{βHRS(0;0,0)}B{βHRS(0;0,0)} = 2.9, main owning to the fact that installing -BF2 increases the electron delocalization degree and decreases the excited energy of the crucial excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hujun Shen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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16
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Dutta A, Stawski W, Kijewska M, Pawlicki M. Edge Decoration of Anthracene Switches Global Diatropic Current That Controls the Acene Reactivity. Org Lett 2021; 23:9436-9440. [PMID: 34870434 PMCID: PMC8689655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The 14π-electron
system of anthracene has been merged with
the unsaturated Z-1,2-difurylethene to form a macrocycle(s)
with the retained local conjugation of all incorporated subunits that
were substantially modulated with a redox activation, opening a global
delocalization involving all integrated aromatics. In addition, the
edge modulation of acene via the attachment of a specific isomer of
the conjugated system gives steric confinements that are characteristic
of small macrocycles, forcing substantially short C(H)···O
electrostatic interactions that are documented spectroscopically with
the support of X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dutta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Stawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kijewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Rauhalahti M, Sundholm D, Johansson MP. Magnetically induced ring currents in naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16629-16634. [PMID: 34338707 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnetically induced current density of an intriguing naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrin has been studied, using the quantum-chemical, gauge-including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. The ring-current strengths and current-density pathways for the heteroporphyrin, its Pd complex, and the analogous quinoline-fused heteroporphyrin provide detailed information about their aromatic properties. The three porphyrinoids have similar current-density pathways and are almost as aromatic as free-base porphyrin. Notably, we show that the global ring current makes a branch at three specific points. Thus, the global current is composed of a total of eight pathways that include 22 π-electrons, with no contributions from 18-electron pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rauhalahti
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens Plats 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Halder N, Sahoo KC, Gourav K, Usharani D, Rath H. Perimeter Coordinated Diastereomeric Rh(I) Complex of Helically Twisted Weakly Aromatic Hybrid Singly N-Confused β-β Fused Ferrocenoporphyrinoids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8015-8026. [PMID: 34096714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expedient synthesis, spectroscopic, solid state structural proof, and theoretical study of helically twisted weakly aromatic hybrid singly N-confused ferrocenoporphyrinoids and the peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex are reported. The X-ray crystal structure of the macrocycles reveals an ambiguously inverted pyrrole ring reinforcing regioselective β,β-linkage with the spatially adjacent N-confused N-methyl pyrrole ring leading to endocyclic extension of macrocyclic π-conjugation via tricyclic [5.5.5] moiety. The three-dimensional structure with built-in fused tricyclic [5.5.5] moiety has paved way to three-dimensional weak diatropicity with vis-NIR absorptions. The peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex owing to helical chirality about the macrocyclic ring and planar chirality about the square planar Rh coordination site exists as a mixture of diastereomers (5:3) with well resolved 1H NMR spectra anticipating weak aromaticity. The experimental spectroscopic measurements are in agreement with theoretically determined electronic structure and properties strongly elucidating sustained weak diatropic ring currents in twisted macrocycles both in neutral form and in the metalated complex. Further fragment molecular orbital approach and molecular orbital theory gave insights on the stability of N-confused β-β fused oxo-ferrocenoporphyrinoids and formation of the selective peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kumar Gourav
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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20
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Sinha A, Kumar A, Ravikanth M. Bis‐
(Dibenzothiophene) Embedded Hexaphyrins: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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21
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Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Properties of Dibenzothiophene Embedded Heteroporphyrins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6100-6110. [PMID: 33876633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new stable dibenzothiophene embedded heteroporphyrins were synthesized in 6-7% yields by condensing 1 equiv of dibenzothiophene-based tripyrrane with 1 equiv of four different diols, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)heterocycles (furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene), under mild acid-catalyzed conditions in CH2Cl2. The formation of dibenzothiophene embedded heteroporphyrins was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and thoroughly characterized by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, absorption, electrochemical, and density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) studies. The NMR studies indicated that the macrocycles were nonaromatic in nature. The electronic properties of the macrocycles were significantly altered as the heterocycle of the macrocycles was varied from furan to thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene, as reflected clearly in the spectral and electrochemical properties. The macrocycles exhibited a sharp band in the region of 420-440 nm and a relatively broad absorption band(s) in the higher wavelength region of 550-800 nm. The oxa analogue was considerably blue-shifted as compared to the other macrocycles, whereas the tellura analogue exhibited relatively broadened and red-shifted absorption bands. Upon protonation of these macrocycles, the resulting diprotonated species displayed bathochromically shifted absorption bands, which were extended to the NIR region. DFT studies revealed that the macrocycles were highly distorted and strained and exhibited half chair conformation with restricted π-conjugation and confirmed their nonaromatic nature due to the lack of planarity of the macrocycle. TD-DFT studies were in agreement with the experimental spectral and electrochemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisikta Sinha
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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22
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Hong JH, Aslam AS, Cho B, Ko MS, Kim Y, Heo J, Cho DG. Carbaporphyrin Dimers That Bear a Rigid Naphthalene Motif as an Internal Strap. Org Lett 2021; 23:1846-1850. [PMID: 33577339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The first fully connected aromatic carbaporphyrin dimer (6) and its bis-Pd complex (6-Pd2) that bear a rigid naphthalene motif as an internal strap were synthesized. These dimers consisted of two aromatic carbaporphyrins that shared a naphthalene motif. The π-electron conjugation of the obtained macrocycles was proposed to have two separated local 22 π-electron pathways and a 34 π-electron pathway. Their weak aromaticity was fully supported by 1H NMR spectroscopy, NICS values, ACID calculations, and ICSS plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil S Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomhee Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daehakro 99, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungseok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daehakro 99, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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23
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Abstract
Synthesis and studies of first examples of nonaromatic doubly fused fluorene embedded heterosapphyrins and their intermediate macrocycles, monofused fluorene embedded hetero calixsapphyrins are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Prosenjit Isar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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24
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Szyszko B, Rymut P, Matviyishyn M, Białońska A, Latos‐Grażyński L. Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di‐2,7‐naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Paweł Rymut
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50–383 Wrocław Poland
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25
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Szyszko B, Rymut P, Matviyishyn M, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control Over Multiple Conformations of Di-2,7-naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20137-20146. [PMID: 33462869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Di-2,7-naphthihexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), a non-aromatic carba-analogue of the hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1), incorporating two built-in 2,7-naphthylene moieties was synthesized as two separate, conformationally locked stereoisomers. Both conformers followed complex protonation pathways involving structurally different species, which can be targeted under kinetic and thermodynamic control. The neutralization of the ultimate dicationic product, accessible from both stereoisomers of the free base, allowed to realize the complex conformational switching cycle involving six structurally different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Rymut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Murugavel M, Adinarayana B, Das M, Peruncheralathan S, Palepu NR, Srinivasan A. PtCl 2 mediated peripheral transformation of carbatriphyrin(3.1.1) into a meso-fused β-β' dimer and its monomer analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12809-12812. [PMID: 32966387 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented formation of a meso-fused β-β' carbaporphyrin dimer and its monomer with a keto group was described. These analogues were synthesized from carbatriphyrin(3.1.1.) by a metal assisted strategy using PtCl2 salt in a single step without any prefunctionalized precursors. Upon dimerization, the monomeric ligand with a dianionic core is transformed into a dimeric structure with unique trianionic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murugavel
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - B Adinarayana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - Mainak Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - S Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - Narasinga Rao Palepu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - A Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
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27
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Uno H, Muramatsu K, Hiraoka S, Tahara H, Hirose M, Tamura E, Shiraishi T, Mack J, Kobayashi N, Mori S, Okujima T, Takase M. Synthesis and Aromaticity of Benzene-Fused Doubly N-Confused Porphyrins. Chemistry 2020; 26:5701-5708. [PMID: 32147874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene(BCOD)-fused bis(dipyrromethane) derivative was reacted with methylal in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid followed by oxidation with chloranil to give a doubly N-confused phlorin derivative, which did not undergo the retro-Diels-Alder reaction extruding an ethylene molecule on heating. In contrast, a 7-tert-butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene(7-BuOBCHD)-fused bis(dipyrromethane) yielded benzene-ring-fused doubly N-confused porphyrins by following similar reaction sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kota Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shogo Hiraoka
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mako Hirose
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eidai Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Shiraishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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28
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Laxman K, Kumar A, Ravikanth M. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon‐/Heterocycle‐Embedded Porphyrinoids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandala Laxman
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
- IITB-Monash Research AcademyIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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29
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Chitranshi S, Das M, Adinarayana B, Cha WY, Kim D, Srinivasan A. Structurally Isomerized Bis-Biphenyl Moieties Embedded in Hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) and Octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Org Lett 2020; 22:1081-1085. [PMID: 31935101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An o-p-biphenyl moiety-incorporated 32π hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) is successfully achieved. Replacing ortho with meta connectivity in the biphenyl unit of hexaphyrin leads to the formation of its structural isomer, octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Spectral and structural analyses reveal the lack of planarity in hexaphyrin and the presence of an m-arene unit in octaphyrin, thus affording nonaromatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Chitranshi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
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30
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Kumar A, Laxman K, Ravikanth M. Antiaromatic Carbaporphyrinoids: Fluorene as a Fused Motif toward the Synthesis of meso-Fused Heterobenziporphyrins. Org Lett 2019; 21:8726-8730. [PMID: 31618042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
meso-Tetraphenyl meta-benziporphyrins are nonaromatic macrocycles which can be changed to antiaromatic by fusing the core benzene ring with one of the adjacent meso-phenyl groups, as demonstrated here by adopting a premodification method. We used a fluorene moiety in place of the m-phenylene ring as a premodified fused aromatic motif to synthesize fused heterobenziporphyrins. Spectral and X-ray data indicated that the macrocycles are antiaromatic, which was supported by DFT, ACID, and NICS calculations. These macrocycles formed organopalladium complexes.
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31
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Szyszko B, Matviyishyn M, Hirka S, Pacholska-Dudziak E, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. 28-Hetero-2,7-Naphthiporphyrins: Horizontal Expansion of the m-Benziporphyrin Macrocycle. Org Lett 2019; 21:7009-7014. [PMID: 31423794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the m-phenylene moiety of m-benziporphyrins with the 2,7-naphthalenyl subunit yielded 28-hetero-2,7-naphthiporphyrins-macrocycles that can be considered as expanded carbaporphyrinoids. This group retains some features of parent m-benziporphyrins, but due to larger size and different shape of the macrocyclic cavity, their coordination properties are different. Upon reduction and conformational rearrangement the 28-thia- and 28-selena-2,7-naphthiporphyrin form organophosphorus(V) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Serhii Hirka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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32
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Szyszko B, Chmielewski PJ, Przewoźnik M, Białek MJ, Kupietz K, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Diphenanthrioctaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0): Conformational Switching Controls the Stereochemical Dynamics of the Topologically Chiral System. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6060-6072. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Przewoźnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kupietz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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33
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Ke XS, Kim T, He Q, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Three-Dimensional Fully Conjugated Carbaporphyrin Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16455-16459. [PMID: 30452259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fully conjugated three-dimensional (3D) expanded carbaporphyrin (2) was prepared in a one-pot procedure that involves a [2+4] condensation reaction between a dibenzo[ g, p]chrysene-bearing tetrapyrrole precursor (1) and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, followed by oxidation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that 2 possesses a cage-like structure consisting of four dipyrromethenes and two bridging dibenzo[ g, p]chrysene units. As prepared, 2 is nonaromatic as inferred from UV-vis-NIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and a near-zero (-1.75) nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) value. In contrast, after protonation with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the cage gains global aromatic character as inferred from the large negative NICS value (-11.63) and diatropic ring current observed in the anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) plot, as well as the ca. 8-fold increase in the excited state lifetime. In addition, the size of the cavity increases to ca. 143 Å3 upon protonation as deduced from a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. To our knowledge, this is the largest carbaporphyrin prepared to date and the first with a fully conjugated 3D cage structure whose size and electronic features may be tuned through protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
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Hong JH, Aslam AS, Ko MS, Choi J, Lee Y, Cho DG. Bond Rotation in an Aromatic Carbaporphyrin: Allyliporphyrin. Chemistry 2018; 24:10054-10058. [PMID: 29740892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Allyliporphyrin is a carbaporphyrin that has replaced one pyrrole with an allyl group. Dynamic behavior (bond rotation) was observed by variable temperature 1 H NMR and 2D-NOESY NMR spectroscopy and theoretically examined by DFT calculations. These studies revealed that well-defined bond rotation was first observed in the limited space of the carbaporphyrin from 2 through cis-2 and the calculated rotational barrier was low enough, with the relative energy level of cis-2 only 0.65 kcal mol-1 higher than 2. The synthesized allyliporphyrin (2) is a strongly aromatic macrocycle as indicated by the chemical shifts of its inner NH and CH signals. However, its palladium complex displayed reduced aromaticity due to the tilted thiophene of Pd-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil S Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 3055-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 3055-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Metal-Stabilized Quinoidal Dibenzo[g, p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole System. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7579-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Aslam AS, Hong JH, Shin JH, Cho DG. Synthesis of a Phlorin from a Meso-Fused Anthriporphyrin by a Diels-Alder Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16247-16251. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil S. Aslam
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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Aslam AS, Hong JH, Shin JH, Cho DG. Synthesis of a Phlorin from a Meso-Fused Anthriporphyrin by a Diels-Alder Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil S. Aslam
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Tu P, He Q, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Hetero Cu(III)-Pd(II) Complex of a Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole with Stable Organic Radical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15232-15238. [PMID: 28965390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bis-dicarbacorrole (bis-H3) with two adj-CCNN subunits was synthesized by incorporating a dibenzo[g,p]chrysene moiety into the macrocyclic structure. The two trianionic cores in bis-H3 can stabilize two Cu(III) ions (bis-Cu) or concurrently a Cu(III) cation and a Pd(II) ion in the form of a hetero bis-metal complex (mix-Cu/Pd). As prepared, mix-Cu/Pd displays organic π radical character, as confirmed by various techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, femtosecond transient absorption measurements, and DFT calculations. Radical formation is ascribed to one-electron transfer from the dicarbacorrole backbone to the Pd center allowing the d8 Pd(II) center to be accommodated in a square planner coordination geometry. Nucleus-independent chemical shift and anisotropy of the induced current density calculations provide support for the conclusion that bis-H3 and bis-Cu both display antiaromatic character and contain two formally 16 π-electron dicarbacorrole subunits. On this basis, we suggest that mix-Cu/Pd is best considered as containing a fused 15 π-electron nonaromatic radical subunit and a 16 π-electron antiaromatic subunit. The spectroscopic observations are consistent with these assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Peiyu Tu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Brewster JT, Anguera G, Moore MD, Dolinar BS, Zafar H, Thiabaud GD, Lynch VM, Humphrey SM, Sessler JL. Synthesis and Characterization of a Binuclear Copper(II) Naphthoisoamethyrin Complex Displaying Weak Antiferromagnetic Coupling. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12665-12669. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Gonzalo Anguera
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Brian S. Dolinar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Grégory D. Thiabaud
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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