1
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Chatgilialoglu C, Barata-Vallejo S, Gimisis T. Radical Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Exploring in-, on-, and with-Water Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:569. [PMID: 38338314 PMCID: PMC10856544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical reactions in water or aqueous media are important for organic synthesis, realizing high-yielding processes under non-toxic and environmentally friendly conditions. This overview includes (i) a general introduction to organic chemistry in water and aqueous media, (ii) synthetic approaches in, on, and with water as well as in heterogeneous phases, (iii) reactions of carbon-centered radicals with water (or deuterium oxide) activated through coordination with various Lewis acids, (iv) photocatalysis in water and aqueous media, and (v) synthetic applications bioinspired by naturally occurring processes. A wide range of chemical processes and synthetic strategies under different experimental conditions have been reviewed that lead to important functional group translocation and transformation reactions, leading to the preparation of complex molecules. These results reveal how water as a solvent/medium/reagent in radical chemistry has matured over the last two decades, with further discoveries anticipated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center of Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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2
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Wu Z, Vlaming R, Donohoe M, Pratt DA. Interrupted Homolytic Substitution Enables Organoboron Compounds to Inhibit Radical Chain Reactions Rather than Initiate Them. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1153-1166. [PMID: 38156607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of organoboranes with peroxyl radicals are key to their use as radical initiators for a vast array of radical chain reactions, particularly at low temperatures where high stereoselectivity or regioselectivity is desired. Whereas these reactions generally proceed via concerted homolytic substitution (SH2) mechanisms, organoboranes that bear groups that can stabilize tetracoordinate boron radical "ate" complexes (e.g., catecholboranes) undergo this reaction via a stepwise addition/fragmentation sequence and serve as useful stoichiometric alkyl radical precursors. Here we show that arylboronic esters and amides derived from catecholborane and diaminonaphthaleneborane, respectively, are potent radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs). Mechanistic studies reveal that this is because the radical "ate" complexes derived from peroxyl radical addition to boron are sufficiently persistent to trap another radical in an interrupted SH2 reaction. Remarkably, the reactivity of these organoboranes as inhibitors of autoxidation was shown to translate from simple hydrocarbons to the phospholipids of biological membranes such that they can inhibit ferroptosis, the cell death modality driven by lipid autoxidation and relevant in neurodegeneration and other major pathologies. The unique mechanism of these organoboranes is one of only a handful of RTA mechanisms that are not based on H-atom transfer processes and provide a new dimension to boron chemistry and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Robynne Vlaming
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Mai-Linde Y, Linker T. Simple Synthesis of 1,2-Dideoxy-2-Vinyl Carbohydrates by Tin-Free Radical Reactions of Xanthates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302118. [PMID: 37779098 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl-substituted carbohydrates have been synthesized from glycals derived from hexoses and pentoses. Key step is the radical reaction of xanthates in the presence of triethylborane, a non-toxic reagent. The mechanism has been investigated by isolation of various side products, which speak for a reversibility of the cyclopropylmethyl radical ring-opening. Compared to reactions with tributyltin hydride, higher regioselectivities in favor of the 2-vinyl-substituted sugars have been obtained. Yields are slightly lower with triethylborane, but all products have been isolated in analytically pure form. The new reaction is applicable to benzyl- and silyl-protected carbohydrates, which makes free sugars accessible as well. Overall, more than 15 1,2-dideoxy-2-vinyl carbohydrates have been synthesized from simple precursors in only few steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Mai-Linde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam/Golm, Germany
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4
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Zhang C, Geng X, Zhang X, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Alkyl Borane-Mediated Metal-Free Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerizations of Oxygenated Monomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Frolov SM, Basevich VY, Belyaev AA, Shamshin IO, Aksenov VS, Frolov FS, Storozhenko PA, Guseinov SL. Kinetic Model and Experiment for Self-Ignition of Triethylaluminum and Triethylborane Droplets in Air. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2033. [PMID: 36422462 PMCID: PMC9695131 DOI: 10.3390/mi13112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triethylaluminum Al(C2H5)3, TEA, and triethylborane, B(C2H5)3, TEB, are transparent, colorless, pyrophoric liquids with boiling points of approximately 190 °C and 95 °C, respectively. Upon contact with ambient air, TEA, TEB, as well as their mixtures and solutions, in hydrocarbon solvents, ignite. They can also violently react with water. TEA and TEB can be used as hypergolic rocket propellants and incendiary compositions. In this manuscript, a novel scheme of the heterogeneous interaction of gaseous oxygen with liquid TEA/TEB microdroplets accompanied by the release of light hydrocarbon radicals into the gas phase is used for calculating the self-ignition of a spatially homogeneous mixture of fuel microdroplets in ambient air at normal pressure and temperature (NPT) conditions. In the primary initiation step, TEA and TEB react with oxygen, producing an ethyl radical, which can initiate an autoxidation chain. The ignition delay is shown to decrease with the decrease in the droplet size. Preliminary experiments on the self-ignition of pulsed and continuous TEA-TEB sprays in ambient air at NPT conditions are used for estimating the Arrhenius parameters of the rate-limiting reaction. Experiments confirm that the self-ignition delay of TEA-TEB sprays decreases with the injection pressure and provide the data for estimating the activation energy of the rate-limiting reaction, which appears to be close to 2 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Frolov
- Department of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Laser and Plasma Technologies, National Research Nuclear University “Moscow Engineering Physics Institute”, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin Y. Basevich
- Department of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Belyaev
- Department of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor O. Shamshin
- Department of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor S. Aksenov
- Institute of Laser and Plasma Technologies, National Research Nuclear University “Moscow Engineering Physics Institute”, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor S. Frolov
- Department of Combustion and Explosion, Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Storozhenko
- State Research Center “State Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organo-Element Compounds”, 105118 Moscow, Russia
| | - Shirin L. Guseinov
- State Research Center “State Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organo-Element Compounds”, 105118 Moscow, Russia
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6
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He C, Dong J, Xu C, Pan X. N-Coordinated Organoboron in Polymer Synthesis and Material Science. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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7
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Zhang S, Cao C, Jiang S, Huang H. A General Strategy for Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Allylic Sulfides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chi Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suqiu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hanchu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Chemistry of Pentafluorosulfanyl Derivatives and Related Analogs: From Synthesis to Applications. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201491. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Sun Z, Ma W, Cao Y, Wei T, Mo X, Chow HY, Tan Y, Cheung CH, Liu J, Lee HK, Tse EC, Liu H, Li X. Superfast desulfurization for protein chemical synthesis and modification. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Bajya KR, Sermadurai S. Dual Photoredox and Cobalt Catalysis Enabled Transformations. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Sermadurai
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore Chemistry Khandwa road Simrol 453552 Indore INDIA
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11
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Su P, E X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Chang H, Liu K, Meng Z. Identification and Analysis of the Impurities for Triethylboron by GC‐MS Method. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Xiu‐tian‐feng E
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jingna Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Hai Chang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Ke Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Zihui Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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12
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Niu B, Sachidanandan K, Blackburn BG, Cooke MV, Laulhé S. Photoredox Polyfluoroarylation of Alkyl Halides via Halogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2022; 24:916-920. [PMID: 35023751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarene moieties are of interest in medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals, and material sciences. Herein, we present the first polyfluoroarylation of unactivated alkyl halides via a halogen atom transfer process. This method converts primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides into the respective polyfluoroaryl compounds in good yields in the presence of amide, carbamate, ester, aromatic, and sulfonamide moieties, including derivatives of complex bioactive molecules. Mechanistic work revealed that this transformation proceeds through an alkyl radical generated after the halogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Krishnakumar Sachidanandan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Bryan G Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Maria Victoria Cooke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sébastien Laulhé
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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13
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Kim R, Kwon K, Lee HY. A Free Radical Cyclization Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydride Species. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3909-3913. [PMID: 34637182 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A photolytically generated ruthenium hydride species catalyzing a free radical cyclization reaction was developed. As the new methodology ensures reproducibility of the free radical reaction of trialkyltin hydrides and a fast hydrogen transfer to the radical intermediates, the methodology provides fast quenching of radical intermediates and thus suppresses rearrangement of radical intermediates before the hydride quench. By offering new reactivity and selectivity to the trialkyltin hydride mediated free radical cyclization reactions, the methodology will find wide range of applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rira Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 134141, 291 Daehak Ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 134141, 291 Daehak Ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 134141, 291 Daehak Ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, Korea
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14
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Galliher MS, Roldan BJ, Stephenson CRJ. Evolution towards green radical generation in total synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10044-10057. [PMID: 34350919 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of radicals as intermediates in total synthesis has evolved since their initial use in the latter half of the twentieth century. Radical generation from metal hydride methodologies has shifted to "greener" techniques including catalytic metal-mediated systems, electrochemical and photoredox-mediated processes. This review will focus on these classical and contemporary methods for radical generation and their applications in recent total syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Galliher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Bec J Roldan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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15
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Watson HA, Fielding AJ, Hale KJ. EPR evidence for α-triphenylstannylvinyl radicals in the O-directed hydrostannation of dialkylacetylenes with Ph 3SnH/cat. Et 3B/O 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7449-7452. [PMID: 34235526 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we provide definitive EPR evidence for the existence of α-triphenylstannylvinyl radicals in the low temperature O-directed free radical hydrostannation of dialkyl propargylic alcohols with Ph3SnH/cat. Et3B and O2 in PhMe. Isotropic hyperfine splitting patterns and spectral simulations confirm the assignments made. In the case of the α-triphenylstannylvinyl radical (Z)-2, an isotopic 119/117Sn hyperfine coupling constant of 9.5 mT (95 G) was measured along with a 1Hβ hyperfine coupling constant of 1.1 mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A Watson
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Karl J Hale
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
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16
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Escobar RA, Johannes JW. Reductive Radical Conjugate Addition of Alkyl Electrophiles Catalyzed by a Cobalt/Iridium Photoredox System. Org Lett 2021; 23:6046-6051. [PMID: 34270268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl and aryl halides have been studied extensively as radical precursors; however, mild and less toxic conditions for the activation of alkyl bromides toward alkyl radicals are still desirable. Reported here is a reductive radical conjugate addition that allows for the formation of alkyl radicals via activation of alkyl bromides through cobalt/iridium catalysis. The developed conditions are emphasized in the broad substrate scope presented, including benzylic halides and halides containing free alcohols, silanes, and chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph A Escobar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Johannes
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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17
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Yang L, Qiu Z, Wu J, Zhao J, Shen T, Huang X, Liu ZQ. Molecular Oxygen-Mediated Radical Alkylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Boronic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:3207-3210. [PMID: 33821663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A direct and site-specific alkylation of (sp3)C-H bond with aliphatic boronic acid was achieved. By simply heating glycinates and amines together with alkylboronic acids under an oxygen atmosphere, a variety of unnatural α-amino acids and peptides could be obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Qiu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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19
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Dasi R, Schmidhuber D, Gronbach LM, Rehbein J, Brasholz M. Value-added chemicals from biomass-derived furans: radical functionalisations of 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF) by metal-free ATRA reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1626-1631. [PMID: 33533764 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF), a congener of the well-known carbohydrate-based platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), can efficiently be functionalised by radical transformations of its benzylic chloromethyl group. We report here the first examples of these radical reactions by way of metal-free, triethylborane/oxygen-induced atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions between CMF and styrenes, which proceed with high yield and selectivity. The key intermediate, the 2-formyl-5-furfuryl radical derived from CMF, and its radical addition reactions were studied with regard to its electronic structure, i.e. spin density distribution and frontier molecular orbitals based on the NBO ansatz and activation barriers of the addition step using DFT and post-HF methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Dasi
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schmidhuber
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Marie Gronbach
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julia Rehbein
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Malte Brasholz
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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20
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Takahashi K, Geib SJ, Maeda K, Curran DP, Taniguchi T. Radical trans-Hydroboration of Substituted 1,3-Diynes with an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Borane. Org Lett 2021; 23:1071-1075. [PMID: 33481616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Monohydroboration of substituted 1,3-diynes with an N-heterocyclic carbene borane (NHC-borane) occurs under radical conditions using an azo initiator, such as ACCN and AIBN, and a thiol as a polarity-reversal catalyst. The reaction is highly regio- and stereoselective and provides stable NHC-(E)-alkynylalkenylboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | | | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang JY, Yang JL, Zhang HK, Kiriratnikom J, Zhang CJ, Chen KL, Cao XH, Hu LF, Zhang XH, Tang BZ. Highly Selective and Productive Synthesis of a Carbon Dioxide-Based Copolymer upon Zwitterionic Growth. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Liang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao-Ke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiraya Kiriratnikom
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai-Luo Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lan-Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Sheng H, Huang X, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Liu H. Low-Temperature Hypergolic Ignition of 1-Octene with Low Ignition Delay Time. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:423-434. [PMID: 33377778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The attainment of the efficient ignition of traditional liquid hydrocarbons of scramjet combustors at low flight Mach numbers is a challenging task. In this study, a novel chemical strategy to improve the reliable ignition and efficient combustion of hydrocarbon fuels was proposed. A directional hydroboration reaction was used to convert hydrocarbon fuel into highly active alkylborane, thereby leading to changes in the combustion reaction pathway of hydrocarbon fuel. A directional reaction to achieve the hypergolic ignition of 1-octene was designed and developed by using Gaussian simulation. Borane dimethyl sulfide (BDMS), a high-energy additive, was allowed to react spontaneously with 1-octene to achieve the hypergolic ignition of liquid hydrocarbon fuel at -15 °C. Compared with the ignition delay time of pure 1-octene (565 °C), the ignition delay time of 1-octene/BDMS (9:1.2) decreased by 3850% at 50 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the directional reaction of the hypergolic ignition reaction pathway of 1-octene and BDMS. Moreover, optical measurements showed the development trend of hydroxyl radicals (OH·) in the lower temperature hypergolic ignition and combustion of 1-octene. Finally, this study indicates that the enhancement of the low-temperature ignition performance of 1-octene by hydroboration in the presence of BDMS is feasible and promising for jet propellant design with tremendous future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Sheng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhijia Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhengchuang Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Saideh Ghorbaninezhad, Ghiasi R, Marjani A. Computational Investigation of Substituent Effect on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of β-Hydrocarbyl Elimination from a Rhodium(I) Iminyl Complex. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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MacMillan JWM, Marczenko KM, Johnson ER, Chitnis SS. Hydrostibination of Alkynes: A Radical Mechanism*. Chemistry 2020; 26:17134-17142. [PMID: 32706129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Sb-H bonds to alkynes was reported recently as a new hydroelementation reaction that exclusively yields anti-Markovnikov Z-olefins from terminal acetylenes. We examine four possible mechanisms that are consistent with the observed stereochemical and regiochemical outcomes. A comprehensive analysis of solvent, substituent, isotope, additive, and temperature effects on hydrostibination reaction rates definitively refutes three ionic mechanisms involving closed-shell charged intermediates. Instead the data support a fourth pathway featuring open-shell neutral intermediates. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are consistent with this model, predicting an activation barrier that is in agreement with the experimental value (Eyring analysis) and a rate limiting step that is congruent with the experimental kinetic isotope effect. We therefore conclude that hydrostibination of arylacetylenes is initiated by the generation of stibinyl radicals, which then participate in a cycle featuring SbII and SbIII intermediates to yield the observed Z-olefins as products. This mechanistic understanding will enable rational evolution of hydrostibination as a synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W M MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Katherine M Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
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25
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Shang W, Su SN, Shi R, Mou ZD, Yu GQ, Zhang X, Niu D. Generation of Glycosyl Radicals from Glycosyl Sulfoxides and Its Use in the Synthesis of C-linked Glycoconjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:385-390. [PMID: 32935426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We here report glycosyl sulfoxides appended with an aryl iodide moiety as readily available, air and moisture stable precursors to glycosyl radicals. These glycosyl sulfoxides could be converted to glycosyl radicals by way of a rapid and efficient intramolecular radical substitution event. The use of this type of precursors enabled the synthesis of various complex C-linked glycoconjugates under mild conditions. This reaction could be performed in aqueous media and is amenable to the synthesis of glycopeptidomimetics and carbohydrate-DNA conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Su
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ze-Dong Mou
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Yu
- Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. Huigu 1st East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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26
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Shang W, Su S, Shi R, Mou Z, Yu G, Zhang X, Niu D. Generation of Glycosyl Radicals from Glycosyl Sulfoxides and Its Use in the Synthesis of
C
‐linked Glycoconjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Sheng‐Nan Su
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ze‐Dong Mou
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Guo‐Qiang Yu
- Discovery Chemistry Unit HitGen Inc. Building 6, No. Huigu 1st East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District Chengdu 610200 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
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27
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Patil N, Bhoopathi S, Chidara V, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Recycling a Borate Complex for Synthesis of Polycarbonate Polyols: Towards an Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Process. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5080-5087. [PMID: 32691981 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, a metal-free process was developed that enables the synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) diols/polyols by copolymerization of CO2 with propylene epoxide (PO) under environmentally friendly and cost-effective conditions. This process implies the recycling of triethylborane and of ammonium salts that both enter in the composition of the initiators used to copolymerize CO2 and PO. In complement to the above approach, a polymeric support, poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride), was synthesized and modified to carry ammonium carboxylate salts along its chain. The prepared polymeric initiator was utilized to copolymerize CO2 with PO under heterogeneous conditions. Not only were the polymerization results similar to the samples obtained under homogeneous conditions, but the polymer substrate could easily be recovered by simple filtration. The integrity of the polycarbonate diols/polyols and the recycling process were followed by 1 H and 11 B NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganath Patil
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Senthil Bhoopathi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vamshi Chidara
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Gieuw MH, Chen S, Ke Z, Houk KN, Yeung YY. Boron tribromide as a reagent for anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to cyclopropanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9426-9433. [PMID: 34094209 PMCID: PMC8161534 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02567d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although radical formation from a trialkylborane is well documented, the analogous reaction mode is unknown for trihaloboranes. We have discovered the generation of bromine radicals from boron tribromide and simple proton sources, such as water or tert-butanol, under open-flask conditions. Cyclopropanes bearing a variety of substituents were hydro- and deuterio-brominated to furnish anti-Markovnikov products in a highly regioselective fashion. NMR mechanistic studies and DFT calculations point to a radical pathway instead of the conventional ionic mechanism expected for BBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Gieuw
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Zhihai Ke
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong China
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29
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Activation and Deactivation of Chain-transfer Agent in Controlled Radical Polymerization by Oxygen Initiation and Regulation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Bonjoch J, Diaba F. Radical Reactions in Alkaloid Synthesis: A Perspective from Carbon Radical Precursors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Faiza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
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31
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The stannylvinyl cation that never was! New concentration- and temperature-dependent probe studies confirm an entirely free radical mechanism and O–Sn coordinative control of the hydrostannation of propargylically-oxygenated dialkyl acetylenes with stannanes and cat. Et3B. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Dwadnia N, Lingua H, Mouysset D, Mimoun L, Siri D, Bertrand MP, Feray L. Intermolecular Addition of Carbon-Centered Radicals to Ynamides. A Regio- and Stereoselective Route to Persubstituted α-Iodo-enamides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4114-4121. [PMID: 32069414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rather surprisingly, C-C bond formation through "intermolecular" radical addition to internal ynamides has never been reported. Actually, ynamides are excellent acceptors for "electrophilic" carbon-centered radicals. These processes enable the introduction of functionalized alkyl chains at Cβ, groups that have not yet been introduced via the addition of organometallics. Radical carboiodination affords persubstituted α-iodo-enamides in moderate to high yield. The addition is totally stereoselective. Theoretical support to the mechanism and the scope and limitation of the reaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejib Dwadnia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Hugo Lingua
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Dominique Mouysset
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Liliane Mimoun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Michèle P Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurence Feray
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Equipes CMO et CT, Campus St Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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33
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Abstract
We describe the synthesis of the unusual bicyclic sugar bradyrhizose in 14 steps and a 6% overall yield from d-glucose. The synthesis involves the elaboration of a trans-fused carbocyclic ring onto the preexisting glucopyranose framework followed by adjustment of the oxidation levels. Key steps include radical extension of the glucopyranose side chain, ring closing metathesis, allylic oxidation, Luche reduction, hydroxy-directed epoxidation, and acid-catalyzed epoxide opening at the more substituted position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philemon Ngoje
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , 250 West Green Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , 250 West Green Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , 140 Cedar Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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34
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Voreakos K, Devel L, Georgiadis D. Late-Stage Diversification of Phosphinic Dehydroalanine Pseudopeptides Based on a Giese-Type Radical C-Alkylation Strategy. Org Lett 2019; 21:4397-4401. [PMID: 30933530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward, late-stage diversification strategy for the installation of side chains on readily accessible unsaturated phosphinopeptidic scaffolds based on a Giese-type addition of alkyl radicals has been investigated. Among different alternatives, the preferred methodology is operationally simple as it can be carried out in an open flask with no need for protection of acidic moieties. Direct application to the synthesis of SPPS-compatible building blocks or to longer peptides is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Voreakos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou , 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou , 15771 Athens , Greece
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35
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Matsushita T, Sati GC, Kondasinghe N, Pirrone MG, Kato T, Waduge P, Kumar HS, Sanchon AC, Dobosz-Bartoszek M, Shcherbakov D, Juhas M, Hobbie SN, Schrepfer T, Chow CS, Polikanov YS, Schacht J, Vasella A, Böttger EC, Crich D. Design, Multigram Synthesis, and in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Propylamycin: A Semisynthetic 4,5-Deoxystreptamine Class Aminoglycoside for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Other Gram-Negative Pathogens. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5051-5061. [PMID: 30793894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases due to multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs), present a major and growing threat to human health and society, providing an urgent need for the development of improved potent antibiotics for their treatment. We describe the design and development of a new class of aminoglycoside antibiotics culminating in the discovery of propylamycin. Propylamycin is a 4'-deoxy-4'-alkyl paromomycin whose alkyl substituent conveys excellent activity against a broad spectrum of ESKAPE pathogens and other Gram-negative infections, including CREs, in the presence of numerous common resistance determinants, be they aminoglycoside modifying enzymes or rRNA methyl transferases. Importantly, propylamycin is demonstrated not to be susceptible to the action of the ArmA resistance determinant whose presence severely compromises the action of plazomicin and all other 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides. The lack of susceptibility to ArmA, which is frequently encoded on the same plasmid as carbapenemase genes, ensures that propylamycin will not suffer from problems of cross-resistance when used in combination with carbapenems. Cell-free translation assays, quantitative ribosome footprinting, and X-ray crystallography support a model in which propylamycin functions by interference with bacterial protein synthesis. Cell-free translation assays with humanized bacterial ribosomes were used to optimize the selectivity of propylamycin, resulting in reduced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. In mouse thigh and septicemia models of Escherichia coli, propylamycin shows excellent efficacy, which is better than paromomycin. Overall, a simple novel deoxy alkyl modification of a readily available aminoglycoside antibiotic increases the inherent antibacterial activity, effectively combats multiple mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance, and minimizes one of the major side effects of aminoglycoside therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Girish C Sati
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Nuwan Kondasinghe
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Michael G Pirrone
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Prabuddha Waduge
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harshitha Santhosh Kumar
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie , Universität Zürich , 28 Gloriastrasse , 8006 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Adrian Cortes Sanchon
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie , Universität Zürich , 28 Gloriastrasse , 8006 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Dobosz-Bartoszek
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , 900 South Ashland Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Dimitri Shcherbakov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie , Universität Zürich , 28 Gloriastrasse , 8006 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Mario Juhas
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie , Universität Zürich , 28 Gloriastrasse , 8006 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Sven N Hobbie
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie , Universität Zürich , 28 Gloriastrasse , 8006 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schrepfer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology , University of Michigan , 1150 West Medical Center Drive , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Christine S Chow
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Yury S Polikanov
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , 900 South Ashland Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 900 South Ashland Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Jochen Schacht
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology , University of Michigan , 1150 West Medical Center Drive , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Andrea Vasella
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Erik C Böttger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie , Universität Zürich , 28 Gloriastrasse , 8006 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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36
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37
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Horino Y, Murakami M, Aimono A, Lee JH, Abe H. Trialkylborane-Mediated Multicomponent Reaction for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Anti-δ,δ-Disubstituted Homoallylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:476-480. [PMID: 30596237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trialkylborane/O2-mediated reaction of propargyl acetates having a tributylstannyl group at an alkyne terminus with aldehydes in a THF-H2O solvent system gave anti-δ,δ-disubstituted homoallylic alcohols with good to high diastereoselectivity. Intriguingly, two alkyl groups derived from trialkylborane were embedded into the reaction product. The trialkylborane plays a key role not only as a radical initiator but also as a source of alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Horino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Miki Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Ataru Aimono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Dongguk University , Gyeongju 780-714 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
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38
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Watson HA, Manaviazar S, Steeds HG, Hale KJ. Fast ring-opening of an intermediary α-stannyl-β-cyclopropylvinyl radical does not support formation of an α-stannylvinyl cation in the O-directed free radical hydrostannation of dialkyl acetylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14454-14457. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O-directed hydrostannation of β-cyclopropyl propargyl alcohol 22 with stannanes and cat. Et3B in THF/H2O or PhMe/MeOH fails to deliver any detectable products of α-stannylvinyl cation capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A. Watson
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Soraya Manaviazar
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Hannah G. Steeds
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Karl J. Hale
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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39
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Ling A, Zhang L, Tan RX, Liu ZQ. Molecular Oxygen-Promoted General and Site-Specific Alkylation with Organoboronic Acid. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14489-14497. [PMID: 30431283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A general alkylating method using organoboronic acid under 1 atm of oxygen is developed. It allows a facile access to a wide range of functionalized molecules with privileged scaffolds in drugs and natural products such as oxindoles, quinolinones, chromones, naphthoquinones, coumarins, and quinolones. In contrast to previous alkylation approaches that generally requiring transition-metal catalysis and a stoichiometric chemical oxidant, the present strategy features metal-free, molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and site specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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40
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Hale KJ, Manaviazar S, Watson HA. The O‐Directed Free Radical Hydrostannation of Propargyloxy Dialkyl Acetylenes with Ph3SnH/cat. Et3B. A Refutal of the Stannylvinyl Cation Mechanism. CHEM REC 2018; 19:238-319. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Hale
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB)Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | - Soraya Manaviazar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB)Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | - Hamish A. Watson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB)Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
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41
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42
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Bowry VW, Chatgilialoglu C. Radical Arene Addition vs Radical Reduction: Why Organometal Hydride Chain Reactions Stop and How To Make Them Go. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10037-10050. [PMID: 30028610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonideal kinetic chain analysis was used to examine the kinetic limitations of free-radical synthesis. Homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS: ArH + R• → ArR + H•) occurs in a chain-terminating side reaction to the tributyltin hydride ( SnH) reduction chain (RX + SnH + ( i•)cat. → RH + SnX). Kinetic modeling of premixed and slow reagent addition reactions have clarified the mechanisms of SM HAS, with the azo initiator ( iNN i) acting not only as radical source but also (as an H• acceptor) as the redox catalyst for aromatization, and/or as a postaddition oxidant. Refractory halides and other hitherto baffling anomalies may arise from the build up of ipso (rather than ortho)-cycloadduct radicals in the steady-state radical population. The implications of these findings for "tin-free" radical chains (and emerging photoredox methods) are considered via historical and recent examples of the effects of chain-degrading radical transfer (to substrate, product, solvent, initiator, and/or reagent ligands) on the reagent's chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W Bowry
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via P. Gobetti 101 , Bologna 40129 , Italy
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43
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Caputo DFJ, Arroniz C, Dürr AB, Mousseau JJ, Stepan AF, Mansfield SJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis and applications of highly functionalized 1-halo-3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5295-5300. [PMID: 29997886 PMCID: PMC6001403 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of 1,4-disubstituted arenes, tert-butyl and acetylenic groups that can impart physicochemical benefits on drug candidates. Here we describe the synthesis of BCPs bearing carbon and halogen substituents under exceptionally mild reaction conditions, via triethylborane-initiated atom-transfer radical addition ring-opening of tricyclo[1.1.1.01,3]pentane (TCP) with alkyl halides. This chemistry displays broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling application to BCP analogues of biologically-relevant targets such as peptides, nucleosides, and pharmaceuticals. The BCP halide products can be converted to the parent phenyl/tert-butyl surrogates through triethylborane-promoted dehalogenation, or to other derivatives including carbonyls, alcohols, and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri F J Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Carlos Arroniz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Alexander B Dürr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton , CT 06340 , USA
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 600 Main Street , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA
| | - Steven J Mansfield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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44
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Soulard V, Villa G, Vollmar DP, Renaud P. Radical Deuteration with D 2O: Catalysis and Mechanistic Insights. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:155-158. [PMID: 29240406 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective incorporation of deuterium atoms into molecules is of high interest for labeling purposes and for optimizing properties of drug candidates. A mild and environmentally benign method for the deuteration of alkyl iodides via radical pathway using D2O as source of deuterium has been developed. The reaction is initiated and mediated by triethylborane in the presence of dodecanethiol as a catalyst. This method is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and provides the monodeuterated products in good yields and with a high level of deuterium incorporation. It opens promising opportunities for the development of enantioselective radical reactions. Moreover, a revision of the mechanism of the deoxygenation reaction of xanthates using R3B and water (Wood deoxygenation) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Soulard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Villa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Patrick Vollmar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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45
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Tao X, Daniliuc CG, Janka O, Pöttgen R, Knitsch R, Hansen MR, Eckert H, Lübbesmeyer M, Studer A, Kehr G, Erker G. Reduction of Dioxygen by Radical/B(p
-C6
F4
X)3
Pairs to Give Isolable Bis(borane)superoxide Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16641-16644. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Robert Knitsch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
- Instituto de Fisica, Sáo Carlos; Universidade de Sáo Paulo; CP 369 13560-970 Sáo Carlos S.P. Brazil
| | - Maximilian Lübbesmeyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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46
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Tao X, Daniliuc CG, Janka O, Pöttgen R, Knitsch R, Hansen MR, Eckert H, Lübbesmeyer M, Studer A, Kehr G, Erker G. Reduction of Dioxygen by Radical/B(p
-C6
F4
X)3
Pairs to Give Isolable Bis(borane)superoxide Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Robert Knitsch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
- Instituto de Fisica, Sáo Carlos; Universidade de Sáo Paulo; CP 369 13560-970 Sáo Carlos S.P. Brazil
| | - Maximilian Lübbesmeyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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47
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Zhang L, Liu ZQ. Molecular Oxygen-Mediated Minisci-Type Radical Alkylation of Heteroarenes with Boronic Acids. Org Lett 2017; 19:6594-6597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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48
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Anthore-Dalion L, Zard SZ. Chemoselective Reduction: Xanthates as Traceless Precursors of Polyfunctionalized α,α-Dichloroketones. Org Lett 2017; 19:5545-5548. [PMID: 28980470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of BEt3·H2O has allowed the chemoselective reductive dexanthylation in the presence of the very fragile α,α-dichloroketone motif. This has solved a major hurdle in our approach to this important, but hitherto grossly understudied, family of compounds and opened access to a number of very useful synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Anthore-Dalion
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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49
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McCrea-Hendrick ML, Wang S, Gullett KL, Fettinger JC, Power PP. The Reactions of Aryl Tin(II) Hydrides {AriPr6Sn(μ-H)}2 (AriPr6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2) and {AriPr4Sn(μ-H)}2 (AriPr4 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) with Aryl Alkynes: Substituent Dependent Structural Isomers. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. McCrea-Hendrick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California United States
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California United States
| | - Kelly L. Gullett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California United States
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50
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Vara BA, Patel NR, Molander GA. O-Benzyl Xanthate Esters under Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis: Selective Radical Generation and Csp 3-Csp 2 Cross-Coupling. ACS Catal 2017; 7:3955-3959. [PMID: 28603657 PMCID: PMC5460664 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl xanthate esters are perhaps best known for their use in deoxygenation chemistry. However, their use in cross-coupling chemistry has not been productive, which is due, in part, to inadequate xanthate activation strategies. Herein, we report the use of O-benzyl xanthate esters, readily derived from alcohols, as radical pronucleophiles in Csp3-Csp2 cross-couplings under Ni/photoredox dual catalysis. Xanthate (C-O) cleavage is found to be reliant on photogenerated (sec-butyl) radical activators to form new carbon-centered radicals primed for nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. Mechanistic experiments support the fact that the key radical components are formed independently, and relative rates are carefully orchestrated, such that no cross reactivity is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Vara
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Niki R. Patel
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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