1
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John ME, Nutt MJ, Offer JE, Duczynski JA, Yamazaki K, Miura T, Moggach SA, Koutsantonis GA, Dorta R, Stewart SG. Efficient Nickel Precatalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Arylboronic Acids Under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202504108. [PMID: 40102182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202504108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic properties of Ni(II) complexes with the general formula Ni(NHC)[P(OR)3](Ar)Cl are described. These complexes are air-stable and extremely effective precatalysts in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The reaction protocols described allow for the cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and arylboronic acids, employing low catalytic loading, to deliver a large variety of functionalized biaryl compounds. For the coupling of aryl chlorides with N-heterocyclic boronic acids, TBAF was used as an additive to afford nitrogen-containing biaryl products. Overall, these reaction protocols operate at room or mild temperatures and can be applied to a variety of electronically and sterically differentiated coupling partners. Fundamental insights into the mechanism of this reaction, including the proposed formation of the catalytically active Ni(NHC)[P(Oi-Pr)3] and resting state species, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E John
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J Nutt
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Josephine E Offer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Duczynski
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Stephen A Moggach
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - George A Koutsantonis
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Reto Dorta
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Scott G Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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2
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Wang Y, Miao J, Dong H, Zhang D, Chen B, Guan M, Zhang G, Zhang Q. A photo- and cobalt-catalyzed highly selective and divergent hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-dienes with phenols. Chem Sci 2025; 16:5640-5650. [PMID: 40041804 PMCID: PMC11873908 DOI: 10.1039/d5sc00438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
An applicable cobalt-hydride-mediated selective, divergent hydroetherification and sequential hydroetherification/hydroarylation of 1,3-dienes with simple phenol feedstocks under a photoredox and cobalt catalytic system have been developed. A variety of allyl aryl ethers and value-added chroman derivatives can be obtained in good to excellent yields and stereoselectivity. This method not only obviates the need for extra hydrosilanes and stoichiometric oxidants, thereby offering exceedingly mild conditions for alkene hydroetherification, but also represents the first case of CoH-HAT-catalyzed sequential double hydrofunctionalization of alkenes with a sole nucleophile. The continuous and selective bond-forming catalytic system expands the applications of the cobalt-hydride MHAT reaction and provides a novel approach for the design and synthesis of heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Junhao Miao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Honglin Dong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Bei Chen
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Meihui Guan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North-East Normal University Changchun 130024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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3
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Olivier WJ, Błyszczyk P, Arpa EM, Hitoshio K, Gomez-Mendoza M, de la Peña O'Shea V, Marchand I, Poisson T, Ruffoni A, Leonori D. Excited-state configuration of nitroarenes enables oxidative cleavage of aromatics over alkenes. Science 2025; 387:1167-1174. [PMID: 40080585 DOI: 10.1126/science.ads3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
The ozonolytic deconstruction of aromatics remains a challenge in organic chemistry. Ozone preferentially reacts with alkenes over arenes, meaning that once the initial aromatic cleavage occurs, the dearomatized products are inherently more reactive than the starting materials. Consequently, the process cannot be halted, resulting in full oxidation. Addressing this challenge requires subverting intrinsic rules of chemoselectivity to transform a less reactive substrate in the presence of a more reactive one. We demonstrate that this concept can be achieved by using photoexcited nitroarenes. Crucial to the success of this chemoselective process is the use of a nitroarene that is preferentially excitable to a triplet π,π* state over the n,π* state. This switch in excited-state configuration provides an otherwise inaccessible manifold, in which oxidative cleavage is diverted toward aromatics in the presence of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Olivier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen, Germany
| | - Piotr Błyszczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrique M Arpa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kenshiro Hitoshio
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miguel Gomez-Mendoza
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Technological Park of Mostoles, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor de la Peña O'Shea
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Technological Park of Mostoles, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Marchand
- INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ. Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., Institut CARMeN UMR 6064, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- INSA Rouen Normandie, Univ. Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., Institut CARMeN UMR 6064, Rouen, France
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen, Germany
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Morrison KM, Jackson EC, Elliott EMH, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed O-Arylation of N-Protected Amino Alcohols with (Hetero)aryl Chlorides. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404352. [PMID: 39607857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
The aryloxyamine motif is a prominent pharmacophore in drug design and development. While these biologically relevant structures could in principle be sustainably assembled from the base metal-catalyzed O-arylation of inexpensive and abundant amino alcohols with (hetero)aryl chlorides, reports of such challenging C-O bond formations with useful scope are lacking. In response, we report herein the hitherto unknown Ni-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling of N-protected amino alcohols (primary, secondary, and tertiary) with (hetero)aryl chlorides. Also presented are chemoselective sequential/telescoped C-N and C-O cross-couplings of the unprotected amino alcohol prolinol to afford an unsymmetrical diarylated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emily C Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erika M H Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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5
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Düker J, Philipp M, Lentner T, Cadge JA, Lavarda JE, Gschwind RM, Sigman MS, Ghosh I, König B. Cross-Coupling Reactions with Nickel, Visible Light, and tert-Butylamine as a Bifunctional Additive. ACS Catal 2025; 15:817-827. [PMID: 39839851 PMCID: PMC11744660 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c07185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis is crucial for the synthesis of complex molecules, with ligands and bases playing a pivotal role in optimizing cross-coupling reactions. Despite advancements in ligand design and base selection, achieving effective synergy between these components remains challenging. We present here a general approach to nickel-catalyzed photoredox reactions employing tert-butylamine as a cost-effective bifunctional additive, acting as the base and ligand. This method proves effective for C-O and C-N bond-forming reactions with a diverse array of nucleophiles, including phenols, aliphatic alcohols, anilines, sulfonamides, sulfoximines, and imines. Notably, the protocol demonstrates significant applicability in biomolecule derivatization and facilitates sequential one-pot functionalizations. Spectroscopic investigations revealed the robustness of the dynamic catalytic system, while elucidation of structure-reactivity relationships demonstrated how computed molecular properties of both the nucleophile and electrophile correlated to reaction performance, providing a foundation for effective reaction outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Düker
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Maximilian Philipp
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Thomas Lentner
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Jamie A. Cadge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 1400 E, Salt Lake City 84112, Utah, United States
| | - João E.
A. Lavarda
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 1400 E, Salt Lake City 84112, Utah, United States
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
- Nanotechnology
Centre, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität
Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
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6
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Teixeira R, Waldron Clarke TH, Love A, Sun XZ, Kayal S, George MW. Scale-Up of Continuous Metallaphotoredox Catalyzed C-O Coupling to a 10 kg-Scale Using Small Footprint Photochemical Taylor Vortex Flow Reactors. Org Process Res Dev 2025; 29:34-47. [PMID: 39839539 PMCID: PMC11744928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
We report the development and optimization of a scalable flow process for metallaphotoredox (Ir/Ni) C-O coupling, a mild and efficient approach for forming alkyl-aryl ethers, a common motif in medicinal and process chemistry settings. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) highlighted the amine as the major quencher of the photocatalyst triplet excited state, along with the formation of an Ir(II) species that, in the presence of the Ni cocatalyst, has its lifetime shortened, suggesting reductive quenching of Ir(III)*, followed by reoxidation facilitated by the Ni cocatalyst. TRIR and batch reaction screening was used to develop conditions transferrable to flow, and many processing benefits of performing the reaction in flow were then demonstrated using a simple to construct/operate, small-footprint FEP coil flow reactor, including short (<10 min) space times and reduced catalyst loadings (down to 0.1 mol % Ir, 1 mol % Ni) while retaining good yield/conversion. Scalability was demonstrated by increasing the length or diameter of the FEP coil flow reactor tubing, however, due to suspected mass transfer/mixing limitations, the yield decreased upon scale-up in some cases. Therefore, we applied a modified version of our previously reported photochemical Taylor Vortex Flow Reactor (PhotoVortex), where Taylor vortices and a short-irradiated path length allow photochemical reactions to be performed efficiently via excellent mixing. In a small PhotoVortex (8 mL irradiated volume), we have demonstrated projected productivities around 1 kg day-1 and >10 kg day-1 in a large PhotoVortex (185 mL irradiated volume) with good product yields (>90%) and low catalyst loadings (0.1 to 0.5 mol % of [Ir{dF(CF3)ppy}2dtbbpy]PF6), enabled by excellent mixing ensuring sufficient mass transfer between short-lived photoexcited and other transient species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley Love
- School of Chemistry, The University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, The University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Surajit Kayal
- School of Chemistry, The University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, The University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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7
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Fox PL, Choi J, Johnson ER, Stradiotto M. Mapping Electrophile Chemoselectivity in DalPhos/Nickel N-Arylation Catalysis: The Unusual Influence of Remote Sterics. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402391. [PMID: 39297771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein our evaluation of competitive (hetero)aryl-X (X: Br>Cl>OTf) reactivity preferences in bisphosphine/Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling catalysis, using furfurylamine as a prototypical nucleophile, and employing DalPhos and DPPF as representative ancillary ligands with established efficacy. Beyond this general (pseudo)halide ranking, other intriguing structure-reactivity trends were noted experimentally, including the unexpected observation that bulky alkyl (e. g., R=tBu) substitution in para-R-aryl-X electrophiles strongly discourages (pseudo)halide reactivity relative to smaller substituents (e. g., nBu, Et, Me), despite being both remote from, and having a similar electronic influence on, the reacting C-X bond; such effects on nickel oxidative addition have not been documented previously and were not observed in our comparator reactions presented herein involving palladium. Density functional theory modeling of such PhPAd-DalPhos/Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-couplings revealed the origins of competitive turnover of C-Br over C-Cl, and possible ways in which bulky para-alkyl substitution might discourage net electrophile uptake/turnover, leading to inversion of halide selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Fox
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jeongin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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8
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Morrison KM, Roberts NJ, Dudra SL, Tassone JP, Ferguson MJ, Johnson ER, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Primary or Secondary Aliphatic Alcohols with (Hetero)aryl Chlorides: A Comparison of Ni(I) and Ni(II) Precatalysts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:16126-16133. [PMID: 38091599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
A comparative experimental and computational study examining the interplay of the ancillary ligand structure and Ni oxidation state in the Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)-O cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides and primary or secondary aliphatic alcohols is presented, focusing on PAd-DalPhos (L1)-, CyPAd-DalPhos (L2)-, PAd2-DalPhos (L3)-, and DPPF (L4)-ligated [(L)NiCl]n (n = 1 or 2) and (L)Ni(o-tol)Cl precatalysts. Both L1 and L2 were found to outperform the other ligands examined, with the latter proving to be superior overall. While Ni(II) precatalysts generally outperformed Ni(I) species, in some instances the catalytic abilities of Ni(I) precatalysts were competitive with those of Ni(II). Density-functional theory calculations indicate the favorability of a Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycle featuring turnover-limiting C-O bond reductive elimination over a Ni(I)/Ni(III) cycle involving turnover-limiting C-Cl oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha L Dudra
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Joseph P Tassone
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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9
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Yao X, Yang X, Chen F, Chen R, Sun M, Cheng R, Ma Y, Ye J. Oxalamide ligands with additional coordinating groups for Cu-catalyzed arylation of alcohols and phenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9210-9213. [PMID: 39109521 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of chain-like multidentate oxalamide ligands with additional coordinating groups was developed for the coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides with both alcohols and phenols under mild conditions. Introduction of oxygen atoms in N-alkyl chains is pivotal for the high catalytic efficiency and broad substrate versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantong Yao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanghua Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maolin Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yueyue Ma
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Cusumano AQ, Chaffin BC, Doyle AG. Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Photochemical Halogen Atom-Mediated C(sp 3)-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15331-15344. [PMID: 38778454 PMCID: PMC11246173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Within the context of Ni photoredox catalysis, halogen atom photoelimination from Ni has emerged as a fruitful strategy for enabling hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-mediated C(sp3)-H functionalization. Despite the numerous synthetic transformations invoking this paradigm, a unified mechanistic hypothesis that is consistent with experimental findings on the catalytic systems and accounts for halogen radical formation and facile C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation remains elusive. We employ kinetic analysis, organometallic synthesis, and computational investigations to decipher the mechanism of a prototypical Ni-catalyzed photochemical C(sp3)-H arylation reaction. Our findings revise the previous mechanistic proposals, first by examining the relevance of SET and EnT processes from Ni intermediates relevant to the HAT-based arylation reaction. Our investigation highlights the ability for blue light to promote efficient Ni-C(sp2) bond homolysis from cationic NiIII and C(sp2)-C(sp3) reductive elimination from bipyridine NiII complexes. However interesting, the rates and selectivities of these processes do not account for the productive catalytic pathway. Instead, our studies support a mechanism that involves halogen atom evolution from in situ generated NiII dihalide intermediates, radical capture by a NiII(aryl)(halide) resting state, and key C-C bond formation from NiIII. Oxidative addition to NiI, as opposed to Ni0, and rapid NiIII/NiI comproportionation play key roles in this process. The findings presented herein offer fundamental insight into the reactivity of Ni in the broader context of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Braden C Chaffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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11
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Morrison KM, Stradiotto M. The development of cage phosphine 'DalPhos' ligands to enable nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of (hetero)aryl electrophiles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7394-7407. [PMID: 38784740 PMCID: PMC11110136 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of (hetero)aryl electrophiles with a diversity of nucleophiles (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and others) have evolved into competitive alternatives to well-established palladium- and copper-based protocols for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl products, including (hetero)anilines and (hetero)aryl ethers. A survey of the literature reveals that the use of cage phosphine (CgP) 'DalPhos' (DALhousie PHOSphine) bisphosphine-type ligands operating under thermal conditions currently offers the most broad substrate scope in nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of this type, especially involving (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenol-derived electrophiles. The development and application of these DalPhos ligands is described in a ligand-specific manner that is intended to serve as a guide for the synthetic chemistry end-user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000 Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000 Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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12
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Ghosh S, Khandelia T, Mahadevan A, Panigrahi P, Kumar P, Mandal R, Boruah D, Venkataramani S, Patel BK. Photo-Induced Generation of Oxygenated Quaternary Centers via EnT Enabled Singlet O 2 Addition to C3-Maleimidated Quinoxaline: A Reagent-Less Approach. Chemistry 2024:e202400219. [PMID: 38717037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Demonstrated here is an external photo-sensitizer-free (auto-sensitized) singlet oxygen-enabled solvent-dependent tertiary hydroxylation and aryl-alkyl spiro-etherification of C3-maleimidated quinoxalines. Such "reagent-less" photo-oxygenation at Csp3-H and etherification involving Csp3-H/Csp2-H are unparalleled. Possibly, the highly π-conjugated N-H tautomer allows the substrate to get excited by irradiation, and subsequently, it attains the triplet state via ISC. This excited triplet-state sensitized molecule then transfers its energy to a triplet-state oxygen (3O2) generating reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) for hydroxylation and spirocyclization depending on the solvent used. In HFIP, the generated alkoxy radical accepts a proton via HAT giving hydroxylated product. In contrast, in an aprotic PhCl it underwent a radical addition at the ortho-position of the C2 aryl to provide spiro-ether. An unprecedented orthogonal spiro-etherification was observed via the displacement of o-substitutents for ortho (-OEt, -OMe, -F, -Cl, -Br) substituted substrates. The order of ipso substitution follows the trend -OMe>-OEt>-F>-H>-Cl>-Br. Both these oxygenation reactions can be carried out with nearly equal ease using direct sunlight without the requirement of any elaborate reaction setup. Demonstration of large-scale synthesis and a few interesting transformations have also been realized. Furthermore, several insightful control experiments and quantum chemical computations were performed to unravel the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Anjali Mahadevan
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Pritishree Panigrahi
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Raju Mandal
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Deepjyoti Boruah
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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13
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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14
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Strauss MJ, Greaves ME, Kim ST, Teijaro CN, Schmidt MA, Scola PM, Buchwald SL. Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400333. [PMID: 38359082 PMCID: PMC11045308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We disclose the development of a Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling method utilizing a new N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligand, L8. Under optimized reaction conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides underwent efficient coupling with a variety of alcohols at room temperature using an L8-based catalyst. Notably, the L8-derived catalyst exhibited enhanced activity when compared to the L4-based system previously disclosed for C-N coupling, namely the ability to functionalize aryl bromides containing acidic functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that C-O coupling utilizing L8 ⋅ Cu involves rate-limiting alkoxide transmetallation, resulting in a mechanism of C-O bond formation that is distinct from previously described Pd-, Cu-, or Ni-based systems. This lower energy pathway leads to rapid C-O bond formation; a 7-fold increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. The results presented in this report overcome limitations in previously described C-O coupling methods and introduce a new ligand that we anticipate may be useful in other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Megan E Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 and Province Line Rd., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Paul M Scola
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 250 Water St., Cambridge, MA 02141, United States of America
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
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15
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Bodé NE, Stradiotto M. DalPhos/Nickel-Catalyzed C2-H Arylation of 1,3-Azoles Using a Dual-Base System. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38039305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile method for C2 functionalization of (benz)oxazoles and (benzo)thiazoles employing a tert-butylimino-tri(pyrrolidino)phosphorane/sodium trifluoroacetate (BTPP/NaTFA) "dual-base" system in combination with an air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst containing either CyPAd-DalPhos or PhPAd-DalPhos. These catalyst systems enable access to a reaction scope that encompasses a range of challenging oxidative addition partners, including (hetero)aryl chlorides as well as pivalates, tosylates, and other related phenol derivatives. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the derivatization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and 5 mmol synthesis of a thiazole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Bodé
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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16
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He N, Nakatani N, Hada M. How does multi-reference computation change the catalysis chemistry? DFT and CASPT2 studies of the Cu-catalysed coupling reactions between aryl iodides and β-diketones. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28871-28884. [PMID: 37853798 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of a Cu-catalysed coupling reaction was theoretically studied using density functional theory (DFT) and the complete active space self-consistent field method followed by the second-order perturbation theory (CASSCF/CASPT2) to investigate the effects of the strong electron correlation of the Cu centre on the reaction profile. Both DFT and CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations showed that the catalytic cycle proceeds via an oxidative addition (OA) reaction, followed by a reductive elimination (RE) reaction, where OA is the rate-determining step. Although the DFT-calculated activation energies of the OA and RE steps are highly dependent on the choice of functionals, the CASSCF/CASPT2 results are less affected by the choice of DFT-optimised geometries. Therefore, with a careful assessment based on the CASSCF/CASPT2 single-point energy evaluation, an optimal choice of the DFT geometry is of good qualitative use for energetics at the CASPT2 level of theory. Based on the changes in the electron populations of the 3d orbitals during the OA and RE steps, the characteristic features of the DFT-calculated electronic structure were qualitatively consistent with those calculated using the CASSCF method. Further electronic structure analysis by the natural orbital occupancy of the CASSCF wavefunction showed that the ground state is almost single-reference in this system and the strong electron correlation effect of the Cu centre can be dealt with using the MP2 or CCSD method, too. However, the slightly smaller occupation numbers of the 3dπ orbital in the course of reactions suggested that the electron correlation effect of the Cu(III) centre appears through the interaction between the 3dπ orbital and the C-I antibonding σ* orbital in the OA step, and between the 3dπ orbital and the Cu-C antibonding σ* orbital in the RE step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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17
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Monti A, López-Serrano J, Prieto A, Nicasio MC. Broad-Scope Amination of Aryl Sulfamates Catalyzed by a Palladium Phosphine Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10945-10952. [PMID: 37614522 PMCID: PMC10443792 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Among phenol-derived electrophiles, aryl sulfamates are attractive substrates since they can be employed as directing groups for C-H functionalization prior to catalysis. However, their use in C-N coupling is limited only to Ni catalysis. Here, we describe a Pd-based catalyst with a broad scope for the amination of aryl sulfamates. We show that the N-methyl-2-aminobiphenyl palladacycle supported by the PCyp2ArXyl2 ligand (Cyp = cyclopentyl; ArXyl2 = 2,6-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phenyl) efficiently catalyzes the C-N coupling of aryl sulfamates with a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles, including anilines, primary and secondary alkyl amines, heteroaryl amines, N-heterocycles, and primary amides. DFT calculations support that the oxidative addition of the aryl sulfamate is the rate-determining step. The C-N coupling takes place through a cationic pathway in the polar protic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monti
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and
CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Prieto
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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18
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Lainer B, Das K, Dydio P. Variable structure diversification by multicatalysis: the case of alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4716-4725. [PMID: 36974691 PMCID: PMC10111201 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Given that alcohol moieties are present in a great diversity of valuable fine chemicals from nature and synthesis, methods enabling their structure diversification are highly sought after. Catalysis proved to enable the development of new transformations that are beyond the inherent reactivity of alcohols. However, modifying the structure of alcohols at certain unbiased positions remains a major challenge or requires tedious multistep procedures. Recently, increased attention has been given to multicatalyis, which combines multiple reactions and catalysts within one system, creating room for discovering previously inaccessible reactivities or increasing the overall efficiency of multistep transformations. This feature article focuses on demonstrating various aspects of devising such multicatalytic systems that modify the structure of alcohol-containing compounds. Special attention is given to highlighting the challenges and advantages of multicatalysis, and in a broader context discussing how the field of catalysis may progress toward more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lainer
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Kuhali Das
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Paweł Dydio
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Sahari A, Puumi J, Mannisto JK, Repo T. Dual Nickel Photocatalysis for O-Aryl Carbamate Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3822-3829. [PMID: 36848485 PMCID: PMC10028690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of dual nickel photocatalysis in the synthesis of O-aryl carbamates from aryl iodides or bromides, amines, and carbon dioxide. The reaction proceeded in visible light, at ambient carbon dioxide pressure, and without stoichiometric activating reagents. Mechanistic analysis is consistent with a Ni(I-III) cycle, where the active species is generated by the photocatalyst. The rate-limiting steps were the photocatalyst-mediated reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(I) and subsequent oxidative addition of the aryl halide. The physical properties of the photocatalyst were critical for promoting formation of O-aryl carbamates over various byproducts. Nine new phthalonitrile photocatalysts were synthesized, which exhibited properties that were vital to achieve high selectivity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Sahari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Puumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere K Mannisto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Chen G, Xu B. Hydrogen Bond Donor and Unbalanced Ion Pair Promoter-Assisted Gold-Catalyzed Carbon–Oxygen Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Iodides with Alcohols. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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21
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Chen X, Patel K, Marek I. Stereoselective Construction of Tertiary Homoallyl Alcohols and Ethers by Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212425. [PMID: 36413111 PMCID: PMC10107121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the stereoselective construction of tertiary C-O bonds via a stereoinvertive nucleophilic substitution at the quaternary carbon stereocenter of cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives using water, alcohols and phenols as nucleophiles has been developed. This substitution reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates several functional groups, providing a new access to the stereoselective formation of highly congested tertiary homoallyl alcohols and ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
| | - Kaushalendra Patel
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
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22
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The once-elusive Ni(IV) species is now a potent candidate for challenging organic transformations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Zhao F, Tan B, Li Q, Tan Q, Huang H. Progress in C-C and C-Heteroatom Bonds Construction Using Alcohols as Acyl Precursors. Molecules 2022; 27:8977. [PMID: 36558110 PMCID: PMC9781314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl moiety is a common structural unit in organic molecules, thus acylation methods have been widely explored to construct various functional compounds. While the traditional Friedel-Crafts acylation processes work to allow viable construction of arylketones under harsh acid conditions, recent progress on developing acylation methods focused on the new reactivity discovery by exploiting versatile and easily accessible acylating reagents. Of them, alcohols are cheap, have low toxicity, and are naturally abundant feedstocks; thus, they were recently used as ideal acyl precursors in molecule synthesis for ketones, esters, amides, etc. In this review, we display and discuss recent advances in employing alcohols as unusual acyl sources to form C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, with emphasis on the substrate scope, limitations, and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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24
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Bodé NE, McGuire RT, Stradiotto M. Bisphosphine/Nickel-Catalyzed C–O Cross-Coupling of Phenols with Chloropyridine and Related Electrophiles. Org Lett 2022; 24:8986-8989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Bodé
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ryan T. McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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25
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Robo MT, Frank AR, Butler E, Nett AJ, Cañellas S, Zimmerman PM, Montgomery J. Activation Mechanism of Nickel(0) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts Stabilized by Fumarate Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Robo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Amie R. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Ellen Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Alex J. Nett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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26
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Park SH, Jang J, Shin K, Kim H. Electrocatalytic Radical-Polar Crossover Hydroetherification of Alkenes with Phenols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve H Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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27
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Song G, Nong DZ, Li JS, Li G, Zhang W, Cao R, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. General Method for the Amination of Aryl Halides with Primary and Secondary Alkyl Amines via Nickel Photocatalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10285-10297. [PMID: 35877165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling reaction has been ranked as one of the 20 most frequently used reactions in medicinal chemistry. Owing to its much lower cost and higher reactivity toward less reactive aryl chlorides than palladium, the C-N coupling reaction catalyzed by Ni-based catalysts has received a great deal of attention. However, there appear to be no universal, practical Ni catalytic systems so far that could enable the coupling of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl halides with both primary and secondary alkyl amines. In this study, it is reported that a Ni(II)-bipyridine complex catalyzes efficient C-N coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides with various primary and secondary alkyl amines under direct excitation with light. Intramolecular C-N coupling is also demonstrated. The feasibility and applicability of the protocol in organic synthesis is attested by more than 200 examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ding-Zhan Nong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jing-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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28
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Tassone JP, Lundrigan T, Ashton TD, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling of 4-Chloro-1,8-naphthalimides and Bulky, Primary Alkylamines at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6492-6498. [PMID: 35442025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimides, potentially useful fluorescent probes in biological applications, are prepared via Ni(cod)2/IPr-catalyzed cross-couplings between 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalimide electrophiles and α,α,α-trisubstituted, primary alkylamines at room temperature. This method represents the first synthesis of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides using Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling and provides the first examples of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides incorporating such bulky primary alkylamines, thereby highlighting the utility of Ni-catalyzed processes in synthesizing naphthalimide scaffolds that were inaccessible using established methods (SNAr; Pd or Cu catalysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Tassone
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Travis Lundrigan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Trent D Ashton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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29
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Luu QH, Li J. A C-to-O atom-swapping reaction sequence enabled by Ni-catalyzed decarbonylation of lactones. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1095-1100. [PMID: 35211275 PMCID: PMC8790783 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in site-selective functionalization reactions have enabled single atom changes on the periphery of a complex molecule, but reaction manifolds that enable such changes on the core framework of the molecule remain sparse. Here, we disclose a strategy for carbon-to-oxygen substitution in cyclic diarylmethanes and diarylketones to yield cyclic diarylethers. Oxygen atom insertion is accomplished by methylene and Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. To remove the carbon atom in this C-to-O "atom swap" process, we developed a nickel-catalyzed decarbonylation of lactones to yield the corresponding cyclic diaryl ethers. This reaction was enabled by mechanistic studies with stoichiometric nickel(ii) complexes that led to the optimization of a ligand capable of promoting a challenging C(sp2)-O(aryl) reductive elimination. The nickel-catalyzed decarbonylation was applied to 6-8 membered lactones (16 examples, 32-99%). Finally, a C-to-O atom-swapping reaction sequence was accomplished on a natural product and a pharmaceutical precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang H Luu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Junqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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30
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Zhang B, Deng W, Xu Z. Mechanism of Ligand‐Controlled Chemoselectivity‐Switchable Ni‐Catalyzed C−N Cross‐Coupling of Amine. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P.R. China
| | - Zheng‐Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P.R. China
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31
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Li R, Yang CX, Niu BH, Li LJ, Ma J, Li ZL, Jiang H, Cheng WM. Visible light-induced Ni-catalyzed C–heteroatom cross-coupling of aryl halides via LMCT with DBU to access a Ni(I)/Ni(III) cycle. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-coupling of aryl halides with nucleophiles is a synthetically attractive strategy to construct C–heteroatom bonds. Here we report a highly efficient photoinduced Ni-catalyzed method for the C–heteroatom cross-coupling of aryl...
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32
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Horký F, Císařová I, Štěpnička P. Synthesis, coordination and catalytic use of phosphinoferrocene ligands bearing 6-phospha-2,4,6-trioxaadamantane P-donor moieties. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Shin J, Lee J, Suh JM, Park K. Ligand-field transition-induced C-S bond formation from nickelacycles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15908-15915. [PMID: 35024114 PMCID: PMC8672709 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation is one of the acknowledged methods to activate Ni-based cross-coupling reactions, but factors that govern the photoactivity of organonickel complexes have not yet been established. Here we report the excited-state cross-coupling activities of Ni(ii) metallacycle compounds, which display ∼104 times enhancement for the C-S bond-forming reductive elimination reaction upon Ni-centered ligand-field transitions. The effects of excitation energy and ancillary ligands on photoactivity have been investigated with 17 different nickelacycle species in combination with four corresponding acyclic complexes. Spectroscopic and computational electronic structural characterizations reveal that, regardless of coordinated species, d-d transitions can induce Ni-C bond homolysis, and that the reactivity of the resulting Ni(i) species determines the products of the overall reaction. The photoactivity mechanism established in this study provides general insights into the excited-state chemistry of organonickel(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongcheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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34
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Wang JR, Song ZQ, Li C, Wang DH. Copper-Catalyzed Methoxylation of Aryl Bromides with 9-BBN-OMe. Org Lett 2021; 23:8450-8454. [PMID: 34694132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between aryl bromides and 9-BBN-OMe to provide aryl methyl ethers under mild conditions is reported. The oxalamide ligand BHMPO plays a key role in the transformation. Various functional groups on bromobenzenes are well tolerated, providing the desired anisole products in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Wang
- School of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Song
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Boulevard, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Zhu DL, Jiang S, Wu Q, Wang H, Li HY, Li HX. Nickel-Catalyzed Etherification of Phenols and Aryl Halides through Visible-Light-Induced Energy Transfer. Org Lett 2021; 23:8327-8332. [PMID: 34633202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding some progress in nickel-catalyzed etherification of alkanols and arylhalides, the ability of such a Ni-catalyzed transformation employing phenols to diaryl ethers is unsuccessful due to phenolates with much lower reduction potentials, which suppress the oxidation of nickel(II) intermediates into requisite Ni(III) species. We herein report visible-light-initiated, nickel-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols with arylhalides using t-BuNH(i-Pr) as the base and thioxanthen-9-one as the photosensitizer under visible light. This photocoupling exhibits a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Liang Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Analysis and Testing Centre, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Xi Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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36
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Horký F, Císařová I, Štěpnička P. Stable Pd(0) Complexes with Ferrocene Bisphosphanes Bearing Phosphatrioxaadamantyl Substituents Efficiently Catalyze Selective C‐H Arylation of Benzoxazoles by Aryl Chlorides. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Horký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030 128 40 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030 128 40 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030 128 40 Prague Czech Republic
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37
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Isbrandt ES, Nasim A, Zhao K, Newman SG. Catalytic Aldehyde and Alcohol Arylation Reactions Facilitated by a 1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14646-14656. [PMID: 34478276 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a catalytic method to access secondary alcohols by the coupling of aryl iodides. Either aldehydes or alcohols can be used as reaction partners, making the transformation reductive or redox-neutral, respectively. The reaction is mediated by a Ni catalyst and a 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane. This P2N2 ligand, which has previously been unrecognized in cross-coupling and related reactions, was found to avoid deleterious aryl halide reduction pathways that dominate with more traditional phosphines and NHCs. An interrupted carbonyl-Heck type mechanism is proposed to be operative, with a key 1,2-insertion step forging the new C-C bond and forming a nickel alkoxide that may be turned over by an alcohol reductant. The same catalyst was also found to enable synthesis of ketone products from either aldehydes or alcohols, demonstrating control over the oxidation state of both the starting materials and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Isbrandt
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Amrah Nasim
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Karen Zhao
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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38
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Zhang H, Chen L, Oderinde MS, Edwards JT, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Chemoselective, Scalable Nickel‐Electrocatalytic
O
‐Arylation of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Longrui Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development Princeton NJ 08540 USA
| | | | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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39
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Zhang HJ, Chen L, Oderinde MS, Edwards JT, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Chemoselective, Scalable Nickel-Electrocatalytic O-Arylation of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20700-20705. [PMID: 34288303 PMCID: PMC8429144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of aryl-alkyl ether bonds through cross coupling of alcohols with aryl halides represents a useful strategic departure from classical SN 2 methods. Numerous tactics relying on Pd-, Cu-, and Ni-based catalytic systems have emerged over the past several years. Herein we disclose a Ni-catalyzed electrochemically driven protocol to achieve this useful transformation with a broad substrate scope in an operationally simple way. This electrochemical method does not require strong base, exogenous expensive transition metal catalysts (e.g., Ir, Ru), and can easily be scaled up in either a batch or flow setting. Interestingly, e-etherification exhibits an enhanced substrate scope over the mechanistically related photochemical variant as it tolerates tertiary amine functional groups in the alcohol nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Longrui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | | | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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40
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Lohrey TD, Cusumano AQ, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Identifying the Imperative Role of Metal-Olefin Interactions in Catalytic C-O Reductive Elimination from Nickel(II). ACS Catal 2021; 11:10208-10222. [PMID: 35186424 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of experimental and computational mechanistic investigations of an unusually facile example of Ni-catalyzed C-O bond formation. Our method, originally reported in 2016, involves the formation of cyclic enol ethers from vinyl iodides bearing pendant alcohol groups. Our findings suggest that the observed reactivity arises from the coordination of the olefin in the vinyl iodide starting material and the enol ether product with Ni(0) intermediates. Density functional theory calculations reveal a plausible catalytic mechanism involving a Ni(II)/Ni(0) redox cycle featuring two-electron C-I oxidative addition and C-O reductive elimination steps. The direct formation of a η 2-enol ether Ni(0) complex from a key Ni(II) alkoxide intermediate dramatically alters the free energy (ΔG) for the vinyl C-O reductive elimination step relative to other examples of C-O reductive elimination at Ni(II). Furthermore, efficient σ-π mixing in the course of vinyl C-O reductive elimination leads to lower computed kinetic barriers (ΔG ‡) relative to those of aryl C-O reductive elimination. The conclusions drawn from these computational models are supported by synthetic organometallic experiments, whereby a vinyl-Ni(II) iodide intermediate was isolated, characterized, and proved to yield enol ether, following exposure to triethylamine. We conducted further experiments and computations, which indicated that the two-electron oxidative addition of vinyl iodides by Ni(0) depends on the formation of an η 2-vinyl iodide precomplex, based on the observation of one-electron activation of the same vinyl iodide in the presence of sterically encumbering ligands (e.g., tricyclohexylphosphine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Lohrey
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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41
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Morrison KM, McGuire RT, Ferguson MJ, Stradiotto M. CgPhen-DalPhos Enables the Nickel-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Tertiary Alcohols with (Hetero)Aryl Electrophiles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ryan T. McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Zhou J, Jiang B, Fujihira Y, Zhao Z, Imai T, Shibata N. Catalyst-free carbosilylation of alkenes using silyl boronates and organic fluorides via selective C-F bond activation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3749. [PMID: 34145264 PMCID: PMC8213744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A regioselective carbosilylation of alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy to access molecules with functionalized silylated alkanes, by incorporating silyl and carbon groups across an alkene double bond. However, to the best of our knowledge, organic fluorides have never been used in this protocol. Here we disclose the catalyst-free carbosilylation of alkenes using silyl boronates and organic fluorides mediated by tBuOK. The main feature of this transformation is the selective activation of the C-F bond of an organic fluoride by the silyl boronate without undergoing potential side-reactions involving C-O, C-Cl, heteroaryl-CH, and even CF3 groups. Various silylated alkanes with tertiary or quaternary carbon centers that have aromatic, hetero-aromatic, and/or aliphatic groups at the β-position are synthesized in a single step from substituted or non-substituted aryl alkenes. An intramolecular variant of this carbosilylation is also achieved via the reaction of a fluoroarene with a ω-alkenyl side chain and a silyl boronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bingyao Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takanori Imai
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
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44
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Kerbib W, Singh S, Nautiyal D, Kumar A, Kumar S. Ni(II) complexes of tripodal N4 ligands as catalysts for alkane hydroxylation and O-arylation of phenol: Structural and reactivity effects induced by fluoro substitution. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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McGuire RT, Yadav AA, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Fluoroalkylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4080-4084. [PMID: 33201556 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed N-arylation of β-fluoroalkylamines with broad scope is reported for the first time. Use of the air-stable pre-catalyst (PAd2-DalPhos)Ni(o-tol)Cl allows for reactions to be conducted at room temperature (25 °C, NaOtBu), or by use of a commercially available dual-base system (100 °C, DBU/NaOTf), to circumvent decomposition of the N-(β-fluoroalkyl)aniline product. The mild protocols disclosed herein feature broad (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halide scope (X=Cl, Br, I, and for the first time phenol-derived electrophiles), encompassing base-sensitive substrates and enantioretentive transformations, in a manner that is unmatched by any previously reported catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Arun A Yadav
- Paraza Pharma, Inc., 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec, H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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46
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Liu K, Jiang X. Modular and Divergent Syntheses of Protoberberine and Protonitidine Alkaloids. Org Lett 2021; 23:1327-1332. [PMID: 33555884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modularly convergent and divergent strategy was established for the family synthesis of both protoberberine and protonitidine alkaloids. The robust, scalable, and flexible synthetic route featured a collective preparation of protoberberine and protonitidine alkaloids from a common isoquinoline assembled from pyridyne as the key synthon, which was based on the selective N-C or C-C cyclization via distinct processes. Through the strategy, 20 protoberberine alkaloids, 5 protonitidine alkaloids, and 11 analogues with diverse substituents were comprehensively aquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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47
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Hashimoto T, Shiota K, Funatsu K, Yamaguchi Y. Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Alcohols Catalyzed by an
O
,
N
,
N
‐Coordinated Nickel Complex. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Phone
| | - Keisuke Shiota
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Phone
| | - Kei Funatsu
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Phone
| | - Yoshitaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Phone
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48
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Shet H, Parmar U, Bhilare S, Kapdi AR. A comprehensive review of caged phosphines: synthesis, catalytic applications, and future perspectives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caged phosphines are versatile ligands due to their rigid backbones, exhibiting a range of catalytic activities, as depicted through the given pictorial representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
- Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus
| | | | - Shatrughn Bhilare
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Anant R. Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
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49
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Chen GS, Li JH, Chen SJ, Lin WX, Ren H, Deng DS, Liu YL. Hydroxyl group-directed, tartaric acid-catalyzed synthesis of meta-functionalized aryl ethers and phenols through domino conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinols. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A tartaric acid-catalyzed three-component reaction of para-quinols, organoboronic acids, and alcohols affords meta-alkenylated aryl alkyl ether in good yields. In the absence of alcohols, meta-functionalized phenols could be obtained selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xia Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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50
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Soltani R, Abdollahi F, Ghaderi A. Light-emitting diode light–enabled denitrative etherification of 4-nitrobenzonitrile under catalyst-free conditions at room temperature. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820925376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a catalyst-free procedure for denitrative etherification of electron-deficient nitroarenes. In this method, the reaction failed in the dark but was enabled by white light-emitting diode light (6 W) in the presence of NaOH/dimethylformamide at room temperature with short reaction times. Interestingly, the reaction in the dark is completed almost immediately once a small quantity of water is added to the reaction mixture. Ultraviolet irradiation (λ = 254 nm) was not effective for this reaction to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaye Soltani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arash Ghaderi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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