1
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Han Y, Wang L, Cao K, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Hou Y, Lu Y. In Situ TEM Characterization and Modulation for Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:14119-14184. [PMID: 38055201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state phase transformation is an intriguing phenomenon in crystalline or noncrystalline solids due to the distinct physical and chemical properties that can be obtained and modified by phase engineering. Compared to bulk solids, nanomaterials exhibit enhanced capability for phase engineering due to their small sizes and high surface-to-volume ratios, facilitating various emerging applications. To establish a comprehensive atomistic understanding of phase engineering, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have emerged as powerful tools, providing unprecedented atomic-resolution imaging, multiple characterization and stimulation mechanisms, and real-time integrations with various external fields. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in in situ TEM studies to characterize and modulate nanomaterials for phase transformations under different stimuli, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, environmental, optical, and magnetic factors. We briefly introduce crystalline structures and polymorphism and then summarize phase stability and phase transformation models. The advanced experimental setups of in situ techniques are outlined and the advantages of in situ TEM phase engineering are highlighted, as demonstrated via several representative examples. Besides, the distinctive properties that can be obtained from in situ phase engineering are presented. Finally, current challenges and future research opportunities, along with their potential applications, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yingxin Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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2
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Chen A, Dissanayake TU, Sun J, Woehl TJ. Unraveling chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis with liquid phase electron microscopy and correlative techniques. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12830-12846. [PMID: 37807847 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) has enabled unprecedented direct real time imaging of physicochemical processes during solution phase synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. LPTEM primarily provides images of nanometer scale, and sometimes atomic scale, metal nanoparticle crystallization processes, but provides little chemical information about organic surface ligands, metal-ligand complexes and reaction intermediates, and redox reactions. Likewise, complex electron beam-solvent interactions during LPTEM make it challenging to pinpoint the chemical processes, some involving exotic highly reactive radicals, impacting nanoparticle formation. Pairing LPTEM with correlative solution synthesis, ex situ chemical analysis, and theoretical modeling represents a powerful approach to gain a holistic understanding of the chemical processes involved in nanoparticle synthesis. In this feature article, we review recent work by our lab and others that has focused on elucidating chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis using LPTEM and correlative chemical characterization and modeling, including mass and optical spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, solution chemistry, and reaction kinetic modeling. In particular, we show how these approaches enable investigating redox chemistry during LPTEM, polymeric and organic capping ligands, metal deposition mechanisms on plasmonic nanoparticles, metal clusters and complexes, and multimetallic nanoparticle formation. Future avenues of research are discussed, including moving beyond electron beam induced nanoparticle formation by using light and thermal stimuli during LPTEM. We discuss prospects for real time LPTEM imaging and online chemical analysis of reaction intermediates using microfluidic flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Thilini U Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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3
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Firmanti MI, Ha JW. Elucidating Surface Plasmon Damping and Fano Resonance Induced by Epitaxial Growth of Palladium on Single Gold Nanorods. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8016-8023. [PMID: 37651173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon damping and Fano resonance induced in the growth of palladium (Pd) on gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the optical properties and morphologies of single AuNRs@Pd (core@shell) synthesized using epitaxial Pd growth at different Pd concentrations. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectra of single AuNRs@Pd showed characteristic subradiant and superradiant peaks as well as Fano resonance as a spectral dip, which was highly influenced by the Pd shell thickness. The occurrence of the Fano resonance during the Pd growth was further verified by in situ real-time observation experiments. We then elucidated time-dependent, real-time variations in LSPR peak wavelength, metal-induced surface damping, and Fano resonance mode of single AuNRs@Pd during Pd shell formation in three successive phases: Pd reduction, nucleation, and growth. Therefore, this study provides new insights into metal interface damping, the Fano resonance, and optical tunability by engineering the Fano resonance energy and Pd shell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metya Indah Firmanti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
- Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
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4
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Chen M, Chen XT, Zhang LY, Meng W, Chen YJ, Zhang YS, Chen ZC, Wang HM, Luo CM, Shi XD, Zhang WH, Wang MS, Chen JX. Kinetically and thermodynamically controlled one-pot growth of gold nanoshells with NIR-II absorption for multimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:138. [PMID: 37106405 PMCID: PMC10141956 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful clinical trial of AuroShell for photothermal therapy, there is currently intense interest in developing gold-based core-shell structures with near-infrared (NIR) absorption ranging from NIR-I (650-900 nm) to NIR-II (900-1700 nm). Here, we propose a seed-mediated successive growth approach to produce gold nanoshells on the surface of the nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) of UiO-66-NH2 (UiO = the University of Oslo) in one pot. The key to this strategy is to modulate the proportion of the formaldehyde (reductant) and its regulator / oxidative product of formic acid to harness the particle nucleation and growth rate within the same system. The gold nanoshells propagate through a well-oriented and controllable diffusion growth pattern (points → facets → octahedron), which has not been identified. Most strikingly, the gold nanoshells prepared hereby exhibit an exceedingly broad and strong absorption in NIR-II with a peak beyond 1300 nm and outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of 74.0%. Owing to such superior performance, these gold nanoshells show promising outcomes in photoacoustic (PA), computed tomography (CT), and photothermal imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) for breast cancer, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lian-Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Shan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun-Mei Luo
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Xiu-Dong Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Wang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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5
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Lee S, Schneider NM, Tan SF, Ross FM. Temperature Dependent Nanochemistry and Growth Kinetics Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5609-5619. [PMID: 36881385 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy has become a powerful and increasingly accessible technique for in situ studies of nanoscale processes in liquid and solution phase. Exploring reaction mechanisms in electrochemical or crystal growth processes requires precise control over experimental conditions, with temperature being one of the most critical factors. Here we carry out a series of crystal growth experiments and simulations at different temperatures in the well-studied system of Ag nanocrystal growth driven by the changes in redox environment caused by the electron beam. Liquid cell experiments show strong changes in both morphology and growth rate with temperature. We develop a kinetic model to predict the temperature-dependent solution composition, and we discuss how the combined effect of temperature-dependent chemistry, diffusion, and the balance between nucleation and growth rates affect the morphology. We discuss how this work may provide guidance in interpreting liquid cell TEM and potentially larger-scale synthesis experiments for systems controlled by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Shu Fen Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Chen A, Leff AC, Forcherio GT, Boltersdorf J, Woehl TJ. Examining Silver Deposition Pathways onto Gold Nanorods with Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1379-1388. [PMID: 36729066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) enables one to directly visualize the formation of plasmonic nanoparticles and their postsynthetic modification, but the relative contributions of plasmonic hot electrons and radiolysis to metal precursor reduction remain unclear. Here we show silver deposition onto plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) during LP-TEM is dominated by water radiolysis-induced chemical reduction. Silver was observed with LP-TEM to form bipyramidal shells at higher surfactant coverage and tip-preferential lobes at lower surfactant coverage. Ex situ silver photodeposition formed nanometer-thick shells on AuNRs with preferential deposition in inter-rod gaps, while chemical reduction deposited silver at AuNR tips at low surfactant coverage and formed pyramidal shells at higher surfactant coverage, consistent with LP-TEM. Silver deposition locations during LP-TEM were inconsistent with simulated near-field enhancement and hot electron generation hot spots. Collectively, the results indicate chemical reduction dominated during LP-TEM, indicating observation of plasmonic hot electron-induced photoreduction will necessitate suppression of radiolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Asher C Leff
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
- General Technical Services, LLC, Wall Township, New Jersey 07727, United States
| | - Gregory T Forcherio
- Electrooptic Technology Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana 47522, United States
| | - Jonathan Boltersdorf
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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7
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Datta S, Ghosh A, Saha-Dasgupta T. First principles insights into the relative stability, electronic and catalytic properties of core-shell, Janus and mixed structural patterns for bimetallic Pd-X nano-alloys (X = Co, Ni, Cu, Rh, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4667-4679. [PMID: 36723207 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The three well-known orderings of the two constituting atomic species in a bimetallic nano-alloy - core-shell, Janus and mixed structural patterns - may be interconvertible depending on the synthesis conditions. Using first principles electronic structure calculations in the present work, we look for the microscopic origin for such structural transformation considering eight Pd-related bimetallic nano-alloys. Our analysis shows that it is the change in atom-atom covalency that is responsible for such structural transformation. Our study also reveals that the three patterns are distinctly identified in terms of total orbital hybridization. Finally, we have analyzed the trend in the relative catalytic activity for the three structures of each bimetallic nano-alloy using the d-band model. Our analysis indicates that the trend in the catalytic activity for the bimetallic Pd-X nano-alloys seems to be intermediate to those of the pristine Pd and Pt nano-clusters possessing similar structure and equal number of total atoms. Among the studied binary nano-alloys, the bimetallic Pd-Ni nano-alloy appears as the most suitable binary pair to develop a non-Pt catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Datta
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India.
| | - Aishwaryo Ghosh
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India.
| | - Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India.
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8
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Abstract
Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with desired and reproducible properties. Based on classical models, the initial crystal nucleus is formed by the spontaneous aggregation of ions, atoms, or molecules, and crystal growth is dependent on the monomer's diffusion and the surface reaction. Recently, numerous in situ investigations on crystallization dynamics have uncovered the existence of nonclassical mechanisms. This review provides a summary and highlights the in situ studies of crystal nucleation and growth, with a particular emphasis on the state-of-the-art research progress since the year 2016, and includes technological advances, atomic-scale observations, substrate- and temperature-dependent nucleation and growth, and the progress achieved in the various materials: metals, alloys, metallic compounds, colloids, and proteins. Finally, the forthcoming opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330Braga, Portugal
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9
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Feng Y, Schaefer A, Hellman A, Di M, Härelind H, Bauer M, Carlsson PA. Synthesis and Characterization of Catalytically Active Au Core─Pd Shell Nanoparticles Supported on Alumina. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12859-12870. [PMID: 36221959 PMCID: PMC9609311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A two-step seeded-growth method was refined to synthesize Au@Pd core@shell nanoparticles with thin Pd shells, which were then deposited onto alumina to obtain a supported Au@Pd/Al2O3 catalyst active for prototypical CO oxidation. By the strict control of temperature and Pd/Au molar ratio and the use of l-ascorbic acid for making both Au cores and Pd shells, a 1.5 nm Pd layer is formed around the Au core, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The core@shell structure and the Pd shell remain intact upon deposition onto alumina and after being used for CO oxidation, as revealed by additional X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy before and after the reaction. The Pd shell surface was characterized with in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy using CO as a chemical probe during CO adsorption-desorption. The IR bands for CO ad-species on the Pd shell suggest that the shell exposes mostly low-index surfaces, likely Pd(111) as the majority facet. Generally, the IR bands are blue-shifted as compared to conventional Pd/alumina catalysts, which may be due to the different support materials for Pd, Au versus Al2O3, and/or less strain of the Pd shell. Frequencies obtained from density functional calculations suggest the latter to be significant. Further, the catalytic CO oxidation ignition-extinction processes were followed by in situ IR, which shows the common CO poisoning and kinetic behavior associated with competitive adsorption of CO and O2 that is typically observed for noble metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mengqiao Di
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Härelind
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department
of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098Paderborn, Germany
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Xia C, He W, Yang XF, Gao PF, Zhen SJ, Li YF, Huang CZ. Plasmonic Hot-Electron-Painted Au@Pt Nanoparticles as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Detection of H 2O 2. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13440-13446. [PMID: 36130106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmon-driven catalysis of metal nanostructures has garnered wide interest. Here, a photogenerated plasmonic hot-electron painting strategy was reported to form Au@Pt composite nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs) with high catalytic reactivity without using reducing agents. Au nanoparticles, including Au nanospheres (Au NSs), Au nanorods (Au NRs), and Au nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), generated hot electrons under localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation, which made the platinum precursor reduced as a consequence that Pt(0) atoms were painted on the surface of Au NPs to form an asymmetric Pt shell outside the plasmonic Au core. Compared with bare Au NPs, Au@Pt NPs exhibited significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of H2O2 due to the bimetallic synergistic effect and great dispersion of Au@Pt NP-modified indium tin oxide (Au@Pt NPs/ITO). It exhibited a linear detection of H2O2 in a wide concentration range from 0.5 to 1000 μM with a low detection limit of 0.11 μM (S/N = 3). Therefore, the plasmonic hot-electron-painted Au@Pt NPs represent a novel and simple method for the design of advanced noble asymmetric metal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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11
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Salman MS, Yang Y, Zubair M, Bedford NM, Aguey‐Zinsou K. Core-shell NaBH 4 @Ni Nanoarchitectures: A Platform for Tunable Hydrogen Storage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200664. [PMID: 35723027 PMCID: PMC9542058 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The core-shell approach has surfaced as an attractive strategy to make complex hydrides reversible for hydrogen storage; however, no synthetic method exists for taking advantage of this approach. Here, a detailed investigation was undertaken to effectively design freestanding core-shell NaBH4 @Ni nanoarchitectures and correlate their hydrogen properties with structure and chemical composition. It was shown that the Ni shell growth on the surface of NaBH4 particles could be kinetically and thermodynamically controlled. The latter led to varied hydrogen properties. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis confirmed that control over the Ni0 /Nix By concentrations upon NiII reduction led to a destabilized hydride system. Hydrogen release from the sphere, cube, and bar-like core-shell nanoarchitectures occurred at around 50, 90, and 95 °C, respectively, compared to the bulk (>500 °C). This core-shell approach, when extended to other hydrides, could open new avenues to decipher structure-property correlation in hydrogen storage/generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Salman
- MERLinSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
- MERLinSchool of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Yuwei Yang
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Nicholas M. Bedford
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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12
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Grote L, Seyrich M, Döhrmann R, Harouna-Mayer SY, Mancini F, Kaziukenas E, Fernandez-Cuesta I, A Zito C, Vasylieva O, Wittwer F, Odstrčzil M, Mogos N, Landmann M, Schroer CG, Koziej D. Imaging Cu 2O nanocube hollowing in solution by quantitative in situ X-ray ptychography. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4971. [PMID: 36038564 PMCID: PMC9424245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding morphological changes of nanoparticles in solution is essential to tailor the functionality of devices used in energy generation and storage. However, we lack experimental methods that can visualize these processes in solution, or in electrolyte, and provide three-dimensional information. Here, we show how X-ray ptychography enables in situ nano-imaging of the formation and hollowing of nanoparticles in solution at 155 °C. We simultaneously image the growth of about 100 nanocubes with a spatial resolution of 66 nm. The quantitative phase images give access to the third dimension, allowing to additionally study particle thickness. We reveal that the substrate hinders their out-of-plane growth, thus the nanocubes are in fact nanocuboids. Moreover, we observe that the reduction of Cu2O to Cu triggers the hollowing of the nanocuboids. We critically assess the interaction of X-rays with the liquid sample. Our method enables detailed in-solution imaging for a wide range of reaction conditions. Observing morphological changes of nanoparticles in solution requires advanced in-situ imaging methods. Here, the authors use X-ray ptychography to image the growth and hollowing of Cu2O nanocubes in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grote
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Seyrich
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Döhrmann
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sani Y Harouna-Mayer
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federica Mancini
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza (RA), Italy
| | - Emilis Kaziukenas
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Irene Fernandez-Cuesta
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia A Zito
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,São Paulo State University UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054000, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Olga Vasylieva
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Wittwer
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michal Odstrčzil
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Carl Zeiss SMT, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 22, 73447, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Natnael Mogos
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Landmann
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Schroer
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Imaging Platform, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorota Koziej
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Sun L, Lv H, Feng J, Guselnikova O, Wang Y, Yamauchi Y, Liu B. Noble-Metal-Based Hollow Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Synthesis Strategies and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201954. [PMID: 35695354 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As second-generation mesoporous materials, mesoporous noble metals (NMs) are of significant interest for their wide applications in catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, and biotherapy owing to their structural and metallic features. The introduction of interior hollow cavity into NM-based mesoporous nanoparticles (MNs), which subtly integrate hierarchical hollow and mesoporous structure into one nanoparticle, produces a new type of hollow MNs (HMNs). Benefiting from their higher active surface, better electron/mass transfer, optimum electronic structure, and nanoconfinement space, NM-based HMNs exhibit their high efficiency in enhancing catalytic activity and stability and tuning catalytic selectivity. In this review, recent progress in the design, synthesis, and catalytic applications of NM-based HMNs is summarized, including the findings of the groups. Five main strategies for synthesizing NM-based HMNs, namely silica-assisted surfactant-templated nucleation, surfactant-templated sequential nucleation, soft "dual"-template, Kirkendall effect in synergistic template, and galvanic-replacement-assisted surfactant template, are described in detail. In addition, the applications in ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis and hydrogenation reactions are discussed to highlight the high activity, enhanced stability, and optimal selectivity of NM-based HMNs in (electro)catalysis. Finally, the further outlook that may lead the directions of synthesis and applications of NM-based HMNs is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan
| | - Ben Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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14
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Sung J, Bae Y, Park H, Kang S, Choi BK, Kim J, Park J. Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Reliable In Situ Imaging of Nanomaterials. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:167-191. [PMID: 35700529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-034534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a powerful in situ visualization technique for directly characterizing nanomaterials in the liquid state. Despite its successful application in many fields, several challenges remain in achieving more accurate and reliable observations. We present LPTEM in chemical and biological applications, including studies for the morphological transformation and dynamics of nanoparticles, battery systems, catalysis, biomolecules, and organic systems. We describe the possible interactions and effects of the electron beam on specimens during observation and present sample-specific approaches to mitigate and control these electron-beam effects. We provide recent advances in achieving atomic-level resolution for liquid-phase investigation of structures anddynamics. Moreover, we discuss the development of liquid cell platforms and the introduction of machine-learning data processing for quantitative and objective LPTEM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbaek Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zhang L, Zheng H, Gan Y, Wu B, Chen Z, Wei S, Zhang G, Zhang S, Pan B, Chen C. An all-in-one approach for synthesis and functionalization of nano colloidal gold with acetylacetone. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:075605. [PMID: 34763330 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac38e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controllable synthesis, proper dispersion, and feasible functionalization are crucial requirements for the application of nanomaterials in many scenarios. Here, we report an all-in-one approach for the synthesis and functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the simplestβ-diketone, acetylacetone (AcAc). With this approach, the particle size of the resultant AuNPs was tunable by simply adjusting the light intensity or AcAc dosage. Moreover, owing to the capping role of AcAc, the resultant AuNPs could be stably dispersed in water for a year without obvious change in morphology and photochemical property. Formation of ligand to metal charge transfer complexes was found to play an important role in the redox conversion of Au with AcAc. Meanwhile, the moderate complexation ability enables the surface AcAc on the AuNPs to undergo ligand exchange reactions (LER). With the aid of Ag+, the AuNPs underwent LER with glutathione and exhibited enhanced photoluminescence (PL) with a maximum of 22-fold increase in PL intensity. The PL response was linear to the concentration of glutathione in the range of 0-500μM. Such a LER makes the obtained AuNPs being good imaging probes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on illustrating the roles of AcAc as a multifunctional ligand in fabrication of NPs, which sheds new light on the surface modulation in synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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17
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Sun M, Cheng Z, Chen W, Jones M. Understanding Symmetry Breaking at the Single-Particle Level via the Growth of Tetrahedron-Shaped Nanocrystals from Higher-Symmetry Precursors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15953-15961. [PMID: 34554725 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of single crystalline metal nanoparticles adopt shapes in the Oh point group as a consequence of the symmetry of the underlying face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal lattice. Tetrahedra are a notable exception to this rule, and although they have been observed in several syntheses, their growth mechanism, and the symmetry-reduction process that necessarily characterizes it, is poorly understood. Here, a symmetry breaking mechanism is revealed by in situ liquid flow cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of seeded growth in which tetrahedra nanoparticles are formed from higher symmetry seeds. Real-time observation of the growth demonstrates a kinetically driven pathway during which rhombic dodecahedra nanoparticles transition to tetrahedra through tristetrahedra intermediates, with an accompanying surface facet evolution from {110} to {111} via {hhl} (where h > l), respectively. On the basis of these data, we propose a mechanism that relies on a rapid loss of inversion symmetry in the initial stages of the reaction, followed by differential reactivity of tips vs faces under conditions of relatively high supersaturation and moderate ligand concentration. The application of these insights to ex situ synthesis conditions allowed for an improved yield of tetrahedra nanoparticles. This work sheds an important mechanistic light on the crystallographic underpinnings of nanoparticle shape and symmetry transformations and highlights the importance of single-particle characterization tools for monitoring nanoscale phenomena.
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18
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Khelfa A, Nelayah J, Amara H, Wang G, Ricolleau C, Alloyeau D. Quantitative In Situ Visualization of Thermal Effects on the Formation of Gold Nanocrystals in Solution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102514. [PMID: 34338365 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding temperature effects in nanochemistry requires real-time in situ measurements because this key parameter of wet-chemical synthesis simultaneously influences the kinetics of chemical reactions and the thermodynamic equilibrium of nanomaterials in solution. Here, temperature-controlled liquid cell transmission electron microscopy is exploited to directly image the radiolysis-driven formation of gold nanoparticles between 25 °C and 85 °C and provide a deeper understanding of the atomic-scale processes determining the size and shape of gold colloids. By quantitatively comparing the nucleation and growth rates of colloidal assemblies with classical models for nanocrystal formation, it is shown that the increase of the molecular diffusion and the solubility of gold governs the drastic changes in the formation dynamics of nanostructures in solution with temperature. In contraction with the common view of coarsening processes in solution, it is also demonstrated that the dissolution of nanoparticles and thus the Ostwald ripening is not only driven by size effects. Furthermore, visualizing thermal effects on faceting processes at the single nanoparticle level reveals how the competition between the growth speed and the surface diffusion dictates the final shape of nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Khelfa
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Jaysen Nelayah
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Hakim Amara
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
- Laboratoire d'Études des Microstructures, ONERA - CNRS - Université Paris Saclay, Chatillon, 92320, France
| | - Guillaume Wang
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Christian Ricolleau
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
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19
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Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Synthesis of Asymmetric One-Dimensional Pd on Au Bimetallic Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9901-9909. [PMID: 34369149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures composed of a gold nanorod (AuNR) core and a Pd/Pt shell are of great interest due to their potential application as plasmon resonance-enhanced catalysts. However, the synthesis of well-defined one-dimensional bimetallic nanostructures with precise control over shell thickness and length remains a challenge. In this study, we report a detailed and systematic study on the chemical synthesis of a uniform Pd shell on single crystalline and pentahedrally twinned (PHT) AuNRs of various lengths. AuNRs were used as a template, and the slow and controlled reduction of Pd(II) ions on preformed AuNRs was carried out for the formation of rectangular-shaped Au@Pd bimetallic nanorods. The Pd shell thickness around the AuNRs was controlled by the supply of Pd(II) ions in the growth solution. We were able to grow a ∼20 nm uniform Pd shell around the AuNR, keeping the rod-like morphology intact without local nucleation to form irregular shapes and randomly overgrown nanostructures. The formation of bimetallic nanorods was also extended beyond typical single crystalline nanorods to PHT high aspect ratio gold nanorods and nanowires, using them as templates. To our surprise, unusually curved asymmetric nanorods were formed when the Pd deposition was carried out on AuNRs longer than ∼800 nm which could be possibly due to a Pd and Au lattice mismatch at the interface and higher flexibility of the nanorods when they exceeded certain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Khanal
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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20
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Acharya A, Dubbu S, Kumar S, Kumari N, Kim Y, So S, Kwon T, Wang Z, Park J, Cho YK, Rho J, Oh SH, Kumar A, Lee IS. Atomically Conformal Metal Laminations on Plasmonic Nanocrystals for Efficient Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10582-10589. [PMID: 34213897 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enormous application potential, methods for conformal few-atomic-layer deposition on colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are scarce. Similar to the process of lamination, we introduce a "confine and shine" strategy to homogeneously modify the different surface curvatures of plasmonic NCs with ultrathin conformal layers of diverse catalytic noble metals. This self-limited epitaxial skinlike metal growth harvests the localized surface plasmon resonance to induce reduction chemistry directly on the NC surface, confined inside hollow silica. This strategy avoids any kinetic anisotropic metal deposition. Unlike the conventional thick, anisotropic, and dendritic shells, which show severe nonradiative damping, the skinlike metal lamination preserves the key plasmonic properties of the core NCs. Consequently, the plasmonic-catalytic hybrid nanoreactors can carry out a variety of organic reactions with impressive rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Acharya
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sateesh Dubbu
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taewan Kwon
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Junbeom Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Amit Kumar
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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21
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van
der Hoeven JES, Deng TS, Albrecht W, Olthof LA, van Huis MA, de Jongh PE, van Blaaderen A. Structural Control over Bimetallic Core-Shell Nanorods for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7034-7046. [PMID: 33748617 PMCID: PMC7970553 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanorods are important colloidal nanoparticles for optical applications, sensing, and light-enhanced catalysis due to their versatile plasmonic properties. However, tuning the plasmonic resonances is challenging as it requires a simultaneous control over the particle shape, shell thickness, and morphology. Here, we show that we have full control over these parameters by performing metal overgrowth on gold nanorods within a mesoporous silica shell, resulting in Au-Ag, Au-Pd, and Au-Pt core-shell nanorods with precisely tunable plasmonic properties. The metal shell thickness was regulated via the precursor concentration and reaction time in the metal overgrowth. Control over the shell morphology was achieved via a thermal annealing, enabling a transition from rough nonepitaxial to smooth epitaxial Pd shells while retaining the anisotropic rod shape. The core-shell synthesis was successfully scaled up from micro- to milligrams, by controlling the kinetics of the metal overgrowth via the pH. By carefully tuning the structure, we optimized the plasmonic properties of the bimetallic core-shell nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The Raman signal was the most strongly enhanced by the Au core-Ag shell nanorods, which we explain using finite-difference time-domain calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi E. S. van
der Hoeven
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tian-Song Deng
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte A. Olthof
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. de Jongh
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Tan SF, Reidy K, Klein J, Pinkowitz A, Wang B, Ross FM. Real-time imaging of nanoscale electrochemical Ni etching under thermal conditions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5259-5268. [PMID: 34163761 PMCID: PMC8179569 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to vary the temperature of an electrochemical cell provides opportunities to control reaction rates and pathways and to drive processes that are inaccessible at ambient temperature. Here, we explore the effect of temperature on electrochemical etching of Ni–Pt bimetallic nanoparticles. To observe the process at nanoscale resolution we use liquid cell transmission electron microscopy with a modified liquid cell that enables simultaneous heating and biasing. By controlling the cell temperature, we demonstrate that the reaction rate and dissolution potential of the electrochemical Ni etching process can be changed. The in situ measurements suggest that the destabilization of the native nickel oxide layer is the slow step prior to subsequent fast Ni removal in the electrochemical Ni dissolution process. These experiments highlight the importance of in situ structural characterization under electrochemical and thermal conditions as a strategy to provide deeper insights into nanomaterial transformations as a function of temperature and potential. The combination of electrochemical analysis, temperature control and in situ TEM imaging directly probes the etching of Ni from bimetallic Ni–Pt nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fen Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Ainsley Pinkowitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA 02139 Cambridge USA
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23
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Zhu G, Sushko ML, Loring JS, Legg BA, Song M, Soltis JA, Huang X, Rosso KM, De Yoreo JJ. Self-similar mesocrystals form via interface-driven nucleation and assembly. Nature 2021; 590:416-422. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Xie X, van Huis MA, van Blaaderen A. Symmetric and asymmetric epitaxial growth of metals (Ag, Pd, and Pt) onto Au nanotriangles: effects of reductants and plasmonic properties. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2902-2913. [PMID: 33449991 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06789j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance of noble metals can be tuned by morphology and composition, offering interesting opportunities for applications in biomedicine, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and sensing. Here, we present the results of the symmetrical and asymmetrical overgrowth of metals (Ag, Pd, and Pt) onto triangular Au nanoplates using l-ascorbic acid (AA) and/or salicylic acid (SA) as reductants. By varying the reaction conditions, various types of Au nanotriangle-metal (Au NT-M) hetero-nanostructures were easily prepared. The plasmonic properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by a combination of optical absorbance measurements and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations. We show that specific use of these reductants enables controlled growth of different metals on Au NTs, yielding different morphologies and allowing manipulation and tuning of the plasmonic properties of bimetallic Au NT-M (Ag, Pd, and Pt) structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Xie
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijn A van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Görke M, Garnweitner G. Crystal engineering of nanomaterials: current insights and prospects. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystal engineering has evolved into a dynamic research area over the past few decades but is not properly defined. Here, we present select examples to highlight the diverse aspects of crystal engineering applied on inorganic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Görke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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26
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Synthesis of penta-fold twinned Pd-Au-Pd segmental nanorods for in situ monitoring catalytic reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Hauwiller MR, Ye X, Jones MR, Chan CM, Calvin JJ, Crook MF, Zheng H, Alivisatos AP. Tracking the Effects of Ligands on Oxidative Etching of Gold Nanorods in Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10239-10250. [PMID: 32806045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface ligands impact the properties and chemistry of nanocrystals, but observing ligand binding locations and their effect on nanocrystal shape transformations is challenging. Using graphene liquid cell electron microscopy and the controllable, oxidative etching of gold nanocrystals, the effect of different ligands on nanocrystal etching can be tracked with nanometer spatial resolution. The chemical environment of liquids irradiated with high-energy electrons is complex and potentially harsh, yet it is possible to observe clear evidence for differential binding properties of specific ligands to the nanorods' surface. Exchanging CTAB ligands for PEG-alkanethiol ligands causes the nanorods to etch at a different, constant rate while still maintaining their aspect ratio. Adding cysteine ligands that bind preferentially to nanorod tips induces etching predominantly on the sides of the rods. This etching at the sides leads to Rayleigh instabilities and eventually breaks apart the nanorod into two separate nanoparticles. The shape transformation is controlled by the interplay between atom removal and diffusion of surface atoms and ligands. These in situ observations are confirmed with ex situ colloidal etching reactions of gold nanorods in solution. The ability to monitor the effect of ligands on nanocrystal shape transformations will enable future in situ studies of nanocrystals surfaces and ligand binding positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hauwiller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cindy M Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jason J Calvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Imaging the kinetics of anisotropic dissolution of bimetallic core-shell nanocubes using graphene liquid cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3041. [PMID: 32546723 PMCID: PMC7297726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical design of multicomponent nanocrystals requires atomic-level understanding of reaction kinetics. Here, we apply single-particle imaging coupled with atomistic simulation to study reaction pathways and rates of Pd@Au and Cu@Au core-shell nanocubes undergoing oxidative dissolution. Quantitative analysis of etching kinetics using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging reveals that the dissolution mechanism changes from predominantly edge-selective to layer-by-layer removal of Au atoms as the reaction progresses. Dissolution of the Au shell slows down when both metals are exposed, which we attribute to galvanic corrosion protection. Morphological transformations are determined by intrinsic anisotropy due to coordination-number-dependent atom removal rates and extrinsic anisotropy induced by the graphene window. Our work demonstrates that bimetallic core-shell nanocrystals are excellent probes for the local physicochemical conditions inside TEM liquid cells. Furthermore, single-particle TEM imaging and atomistic simulation of reaction trajectories can inform future design strategies for compositionally and architecturally sophisticated nanocrystals. Rational design of multicomponent nanocrystals requires atomic-level understanding of reaction kinetics. Here, the authors apply single-particle liquid-cell electron microscopy imaging coupled with atomistic simulations to understand pathways and rates of bimetallic core-shell nanocubes undergoing oxidative dissolution.
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29
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Zhang G, Wang C, Mizukami W, Hosomi T, Nagashima K, Yoshida H, Nakamura K, Takahashi T, Kanai M, Yasui T, Aoki Y, Baba Y, Yanagida T. Monovalent sulfur oxoanions enable millimeter-long single-crystalline h-WO 3 nanowire synthesis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9058-9066. [PMID: 32285063 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we discuss a misunderstanding regarding chemical capping, which has intrinsically hindered the extension of the length of hexagonal (h)-WO3 nanowires in previous studies. Although divalent sulfate ions (SO42-) have been strongly believed to be efficient capping ions for directing anisotropic h-WO3 nanowire growth, we have found that the presence of SO42- is highly detrimental to the anisotropic crystal growth of the h-WO3 nanowires, and a monovalent sulfur oxoanion (HSO4-) rather than SO42- only substantially promotes the anisotropic h-WO3 nanowire growth. Ab initio electronic structure simulations revealed that the monovalent sulfur oxoanions were preferentially able to cap the sidewall plane (100) of the h-WO3 nanowires due to the lower hydration energy when compared with SO42-. Based on this capping strategy, using the monovalent sulfur oxoanion (CH3SO3-), which cannot generate divalent sulfur oxoanions, we have successfully fabricated ultra-long h-WO3 nanowires up to the millimeter range (1.2 mm) for a wider range of precursor concentrations. We have demonstrated the feasibility of these millimeter-long h-WO3 nanowires for the electrical sensing of molecules (lung cancer biomarker: nonanal) on flexible substrates, which can be operated at room temperature with mechanical flexibility with bending cycles up to 104 times due to the enhanced textile effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Zhang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
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30
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Biogenic synthesis of AuPd nanocluster as a peroxidase mimic and its application for colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Lv M, Xin Q, Bian B, Yu S, Liu S, Li L, Xie C, Liu Y. One-pot synthesis of highly active and hydrothermally stable Pd@mHSiO 2 yolk-shell-structured nanoparticles for high-temperature reactions in hydrothermal environments. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:418-430. [PMID: 31833506 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of yolk-shell-structured nanoparticles (YSNPs) with mobile active metal cores and mesoporous inorganic-organic hybrid silica shells (mHSiO2) is important for their applications. In this work, Pd@mHSiO2 YSNPs have been synthesized in aqueous solution at 95 °C by a one-pot method without the need for extensive purification and separation steps. The method is simple and facile, and ingeniously combines the controlled synthesis of Pd nanocubes, coating of mesoporous silica, and transition from core-shell-structured nanoparticles (CSNPs) to YSNPs. 29Si NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and detailed control experiments have demonstrated that the incorporation of 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTME) modifies the degree of condensation between the outer hybrid silica layer and the inner pure silica section, and that high temperature water is really responsible for dissolving the inner pure silica layer leading to a transition from the CSNPs to the YSNPs. The obtained Pd@mHSiO2 YSNPs have a controllable diameter, tunable shell thickness, a high specific surface area, and uniform mesoporosity. Thermal stability tests have indicated that the Pd@mHSiO2 YSNPs are remarkably stable at high temperatures up to 650 °C. Importantly, the Pd@mHSiO2 YSNPs exhibit a much higher catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability than Pd@mSiO2 CSNPs or Pd/mHSiO2 NSs in the conversion of levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL), because the hollow voids provide low mass-transfer resistance and improve the accessibility of the catalytic sites, and the incorporation of organic groups enhances the hydrothermal stability of the outer shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Lv
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Ge Z, Wang C, Qi L. Controllable synthesis of hierarchical Au/PdAg heterostructures consisting of nanosheets on nanorods with plasmon-enhanced electrocatalytic properties. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical Au/PdAg heterostructures consisting of PdAg nanosheets epitaxially grown on Au nanorods are synthesized in the presence of mixed surfactants and exhibit remarkable plasmon-enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
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33
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Asbahi M, Mahfoud Z, Dolmanan SB, Wu W, Dong Z, Wang F, Saifullah MSM, Tripathy S, Chong KSL, Bosman M. Ultrasmall Designed Plasmon Resonators by Fused Colloidal Nanopatterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45207-45213. [PMID: 31694369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a procedure for large-area patterning of designed plasmon resonators that are much smaller than possible with conventional lithography techniques. Fused Colloidal Nanopatterning combines directed self-assembly and controlled fusing of spherical colloidal nanoparticles. The two-step approach first patterns a surface covered with hydrogen silsesquioxane, an electron beam resist, forming traps into which the colloidal gold nanoparticles self-assemble. Second, the patterned nanoparticles are controllably fused to form plasmon resonators of any 2D designed shape. The heights and widths of the plasmon resonators are determined by the diameter of the nanoparticle building blocks, which can be well below 10 nm. By performing the fusing step with UV ozone and heat exposure, we demonstrate that the process is easily scalable to cover large areas on silicon wafers with designed gold nanostructures. The procedure neither requires adhesion layers nor a lift-off process, making it ideally suited for plasmonics, in comparison with regular electron beam lithography. We use monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy and boundary element method simulations to demonstrate that the designed plasmon resonators are directly tunable via the pattern design. We foresee future expansion of this approach for applications such as plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis and for large-scale patterning where chemical, optical, or confinement properties require sub-10 nm metal lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asbahi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Zackaria Mahfoud
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Surani B Dolmanan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Wenya Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Mohammad S M Saifullah
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Sudhiranjan Tripathy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Karen S L Chong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
| | - Michel Bosman
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 , Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1 , 117575 Singapore
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34
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Hierarchical self-assembly of organic heterostructure nanowires. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3839. [PMID: 31451699 PMCID: PMC6710268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic heterostructures (OHSs) integrating the intrinsic heterostructure characters as well as the organic semiconductor properties have attracted intensive attention in material chemistry. However, the precise bottom-up synthesis of OHSs is still challenging owing to the general occurrence of homogeneous-nucleation and the difficult manipulation of noncovalent interactions. Herein, we present the rational synthesis of the longitudinally/horizontally-epitaxial growth of one-dimensional OHSs including triblock and core/shell nanowires with quantitatively-manipulated microstructure via a hierarchical self-assembly method by regulating the noncovalent interactions: hydrogen bond (−15.66 kcal mol−1) > halogen bond (−4.90 kcal mol−1) > π-π interaction (−0.09 kcal mol−1). In the facet-selective epitaxial growth strategy, the lattice-matching and the surface-interface energy balance respectively facilitate the realization of triblock and core/shell heterostructures. This hierarchical self-assembly approach opens up avenues to the fine synthesis of OHSs. We foresee application possibilities in integrated optoelectronics, such as the nanoscale multiple input/out optical logic gate with high-fidelity signal. Organic heterostructures attract attention in material chemistry but the precise bottom-up synthesis is still challenging. Herein the authors present a hierarchical self-assembly approach to synthesize one-dimensional organic heterostructures by regulating the noncovalent interactions.
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35
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Wang N, Huang Z, Jiang C, Xu F, Liu G, Liu X, Sun S, Dai H, Ma H, Lin M. Influence of diffusion and deposition processes on the electrochemical formation of gold amalgam. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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36
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Interface-mediated Kirkendall effect and nanoscale void migration in bimetallic nanoparticles during interdiffusion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2831. [PMID: 31249286 PMCID: PMC6597554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
At elevated temperatures, bimetallic nanomaterials change their morphologies because of the interdiffusion of atomic species, which also alters their properties. The Kirkendall effect (KE) is a well-known phenomenon associated with such interdiffusion. Here, we show how KE can manifest in bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by following core-shell NPs of Au and Pd during heat treatment with in situ transmission electron microscopy. Unlike monometallic NPs, these core-shell NPs did not evolve into hollow core NPs. Instead, nanoscale voids formed at the bimetallic interface and then, migrated to the NP surface. Our results show that: (1) the direction of vacancy flow during interdiffusion reverses due to the higher vacancy formation energy of Pd compared to Au, and (2) nanoscale voids migrate during heating, contrary to conventional assumptions of immobile voids and void shrinkage through vacancy emission. Our results illustrate how void behavior in bimetallic NPs can differ from an idealized picture based on atomic fluxes and have important implications for the design of these materials for high-temperature applications.
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37
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Fang C, Bi T, Ding Q, Cui Z, Yu N, Xu X, Geng B. High-Density Pd Nanorod Arrays on Au Nanocrystals for High-Performance Ethanol Electrooxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20117-20124. [PMID: 31070351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the synthesis of Au/Pd bimetallic nanocrystals, a layer-by-layer growth is favored, owing to the low bonding energy between Pd atoms ( EPd-Pd) in comparison with EAu-Pd, resulting in homogeneous core/shell nanostructures. Herein, we demonstrate designed synthetic tactics to unconventional Au/Pd heterostructures through a deposition-dominant growth pathway of the newly reduced Pd atoms, which break the intrinsically favored layer-by-layer growth. Pd thus grows on Au seeds in a heterogeneous nucleation manner. The resulting anisotropic Pd nanorods array on the two basal facets and three side facets of the Au triangular seeds in a high density to form 2D/1D Au/Pd heterostructures. It is noticed that Pd nanorods align in an extremely high order. They grow almost in a row with the base of the rod located overlapped on the Au surface. This versatile approach has been also applied to other Au nanocrystal seeds, involving hexagonal nanoplates, circular nanodisks, nanorods, and nanobipyramids. Furthermore, the 2D/1D Au/Pd heterostructures exhibit an enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward ethanol oxidation in alkaline condition, owing to their unique structure and the exposure of Au. We believe that our synthetic strategy is highly valuable for the construction of multimetallic nanostructures with desired architectures and thus intriguing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Ting Bi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Qian Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Zhiqing Cui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Baoyou Geng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
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38
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Jin B, Sushko ML, Liu Z, Cao X, Jin C, Tang R. Understanding Anisotropic Growth of Au Penta-Twinned Nanorods by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1443-1449. [PMID: 30856333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphology control of anisotropic nanocrystals is important for tuning shape-dependent physicochemical properties, but the anisotropic growth mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigate the formation of the Au penta-twinned nanorod by liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. It is found that a truncated decahedron forms in the absence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), whereas in the presence of CTAB, a penta-twinned nanorod forms by producing {100} facets via the reentrant groove and selectively inhibiting atom addition to {100} facets. Density functional theory simulations show that the partial relief of strain energy of the decahedron is caused by the adsorption of Br- ions. Moreover, the selective adsorption of CTAB lowers the surface energy of {100} facets, thus enhancing the nanorod growth. Our work points out the importance of the synergy of strain and surface energy, which provide an in-depth insight into the anisotropic growth of nanorods and lay foundations for the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L Sushko
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Cao
- Gatan, Inc. , 5794 West Las Positas Boulevard , Pleasanton , California 94588 , United States
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39
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Su T, Wang ZL, Wang Z. In Situ Observations of Shell Growth and Oxidative Etching Behaviors of Pd Nanoparticles in Solutions by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900050. [PMID: 30844138 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the redox reaction behaviors of Pd nanoparticles in HAuCl4 solutions can be substantially modified by the introduction of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) agents through systematic liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) investigations. The gradual dissolution of Pd nanoparticles is observed when HAuCl4 solution is pumped into liquid flow cells, the etching characteristics of which are depended on both HAuCl4 concentrations and incident electron doses. In comparison, with the presence of CTAB agents, the dominated phenomenon appears to be the precipitation of Au species and incorporation onto the surface of Pd seeds. It is also observed that the rapid growth of Au on Pd seeds occurs by loading Pd and HAuCl4 solutions into static liquid cells. The resultant Au shells exhibit rather sparse structural configurations and are formed possibly by homogeneous nucleation/coalescence of Au species as well as monomer attachments. The observed Au-shell growth instead of Pd dissolution is attributed to the presence of the residual regents, which may be also responsible for the initially already existing small Au adsorptions at the corner/edge sites of Pd seeds. The study provides a useful reference for the convenient fabrication of complex nanostructures and functional nanomaterials in a controllable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Zhu G, Reiner H, Cölfen H, De Yoreo JJ. Addressing some of the technical challenges associated with liquid phase S/TEM studies of particle nucleation, growth and assembly. Micron 2019; 118:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hauwiller MR, Ondry JC, Chan CM, Khandekar P, Yu J, Alivisatos AP. Gold Nanocrystal Etching as a Means of Probing the Dynamic Chemical Environment in Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4428-4437. [PMID: 30777753 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy has the necessary temporal and spatial resolution to enable the in situ observation of nanoscale dynamics in solution. However, the chemistry of the solution in the liquid cell during imaging is as yet poorly understood due to the generation of a complex mixture of radiolysis products by the electron beam. In this work, the etching trajectories of nanocrystals were used as a probe to determine the effect of the electron beam dose rate and preloaded etchant, FeCl3, on the chemistry of the liquid cell. Initially, illuminating the sample at a low electron beam dose rate generates hydrogen bubbles, providing a reservoir of sacrificial reductant. Increasing the electron beam dose rate leads to a constant etching rate that varies linearly with the electron beam dose rate. Comparing these results with the oxidation potentials of the species in solution, the electron beam likely controls the total concentration of oxidative species in solution and FeCl3 likely controls the relative ratio of oxidative species, independently determining the etching rate and chemical potential of the reaction, respectively. Correlating these liquid cell etching results with the ex situ oxidative etching of gold nanocrystals using FeCl3 provides further insight into the liquid cell chemistry while corroborating the liquid cell dynamics with ex situ synthetic behavior. This understanding of the chemistry in the liquid cell will allow researchers to better control the liquid cell electron microscopy environment, allowing new nanoscale materials science experiments to be conducted systematically in a reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Cui K, Zhong W, Li L, Zhuang Z, Li L, Bi J, Yu Y. Well-Defined Metal Nanoparticles@Covalent Organic Framework Yolk-Shell Nanocages by ZIF-8 Template as Catalytic Nanoreactors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804419. [PMID: 30548927 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Yolk-shell nanoreactors have received considerable interest for use in catalysis. However, the controlled synthesis of continuous crystalline shells without imperfections or cracks remains challenging. Here, a strategy for the synthesis of yolk-shell metal nanoparticles@covalent organic framework (MNPs@COF) nanoreactors by using MNPs@ZIF-8 core-shell nanostructures as a self-template is designed and developed. The COF shell is formed through an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation process of a polyimine shell in a mildly acidic solution, while the ZIF-8 is etched in situ, generating a void space between the MNPs core and the COF shell. With the protection of the COF shell, multiple ligand-free MNPs are confined inside of the hollow nanocages. Importantly, the synthetic strategy can be generalized to engineer the functions and properties of the designed yolk-shell nanocages by varying the structure of the COF shell and/or the composition of the core MNPs. Representative Pd@H-TpPa yolk-shell nanocages with active Pd NP cores and permeable TpPa shells exhibit high catalytic activity and stability in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixun Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wanfu Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zanyong Zhuang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Liuyi Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jinhong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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