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Yang Y, Chen S, Zhang M, Shi Y, Luo J, Huang Y, Gu Z, Hu W, Zhang Y, He X, Yu C. Mesoporous nanoperforators as membranolytic agents via nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1891. [PMID: 38424084 PMCID: PMC10904871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane lysis is an effective anticancer strategy, which mostly relying on soluble molecular membranolytic agents. However, nanomaterial-based membranolytic agents has been largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce a mesoporous membranolytic nanoperforators (MLNPs) via a nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning strategy, featuring a spiky surface topography (nanoscale patterning) and molecular-level periodicity in the spikes with a benzene-bridged organosilica composition (molecular-scale patterning), which cooperatively endow an intrinsic membranolytic activity. Computational modelling reveals a nanospike-mediated multivalent perforation behaviour, i.e., multiple spikes induce nonlinearly enlarged membrane pores compared to a single spike, and that benzene groups aligned parallelly to a phospholipid molecule show considerably higher binding energy than other alignments, underpinning the importance of molecular ordering in phospholipid extraction for membranolysis. Finally, the antitumour activity of MLNPs is demonstrated in female Balb/c mouse models. This work demonstrates assembly of organosilica based bioactive nanostructures, enabling new understandings on nano-/molecular patterns co-governed nano-bio interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Yang
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yiru Shi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiangqi Luo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yiming Huang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhengying Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- New York University-East China Normal University Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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2
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Zhang X, Fan X. Discovery of unusual morphological evolution of A-graft-(B-block-C) graft terpolymers by tuning the length of B component. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Fang Y, Yang X, Lin Y, Shi J, Prominski A, Clayton C, Ostroff E, Tian B. Dissecting Biological and Synthetic Soft-Hard Interfaces for Tissue-Like Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5233-5276. [PMID: 34677943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft and hard materials at interfaces exhibit mismatched behaviors, such as mismatched chemical or biochemical reactivity, mechanical response, and environmental adaptability. Leveraging or mitigating these differences can yield interfacial processes difficult to achieve, or inapplicable, in pure soft or pure hard phases. Exploration of interfacial mismatches and their associated (bio)chemical, mechanical, or other physical processes may yield numerous opportunities in both fundamental studies and applications, in a manner similar to that of semiconductor heterojunctions and their contribution to solid-state physics and the semiconductor industry over the past few decades. In this review, we explore the fundamental chemical roles and principles involved in designing these interfaces, such as the (bio)chemical evolution of adaptive or buffer zones. We discuss the spectroscopic, microscopic, (bio)chemical, and computational tools required to uncover the chemical processes in these confined or hidden soft-hard interfaces. We propose a soft-hard interaction framework and use it to discuss soft-hard interfacial processes in multiple systems and across several spatiotemporal scales, focusing on tissue-like materials and devices. We end this review by proposing several new scientific and engineering approaches to leveraging the soft-hard interfacial processes involved in biointerfacing composites and exploring new applications for these composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yiliang Lin
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aleksander Prominski
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Clementene Clayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ellie Ostroff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Nanoarchitecting Hierarchical Mesoporous Siliceous Frameworks: A New Way Forward. iScience 2020; 23:101687. [PMID: 33163941 PMCID: PMC7607446 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their attractive physicochemical and morphological attributes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted increasing attention over the past two decades for their utilization in diversified fields. Despite the success, these highly stable siliceous frameworks often suffer from several shortcomings of compatibility issues, uncontrollable degradability leading to long-term retention in vivo, and substantial unpredictable toxicity risks, as well as deprived drug encapsulation efficiency, which could limit their applicability in medicine. Along this line, various advancements have been made in re-engineering the stable siliceous frameworks, such as the incorporation of diverse molecular organic, as well as inorganic (cationic and anionic) species and monitoring the processing, as well as formulation parameters, resulting in the hetero-nanostructures of irregular-shaped (Janus and multi-podal) and dynamically-modulated (deformable solids) architectures with high morphological complexity. Insightfully, this review gives a brief emphasis on re-engineering such stable siliceous frameworks through modifying their intrinsic structural and physicochemical attributes. In conclusion, we recapitulate the review with exciting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao T, Zhang X, Lin R, Chen L, Sun C, Chen Q, Hung CT, Zhou Q, Lan K, Wang W, He Z, Zhang F, Al-Khalaf AA, Hozzein WN, Li X, Zhao D. Surface-Confined Winding Assembly of Mesoporous Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20359-20367. [PMID: 33141579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bending and folding are important stereoscopic geometry parameters of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, yet the precise control of them has remained a great challenge. Herein, a surface-confined winding assembly strategy is demonstrated to regulate the stereoscopic architecture of uniform 1D mesoporous SiO2 (mSiO2) nanorods. Based on this brand-new strategy, the 1D mSiO2 nanorods can wind on the surface of 3D premade nanoparticles (sphere, cube, hexagon disk, spindle, rod, etc.) and inherit their surface topological structures. Therefore, the mSiO2 nanorods with a diameter of ∼50 nm and a variable length can be bent into arc shapes with variable radii and radians, as well as folded into 60, 90, 120, and 180° angular convex corners with controllable folding times. Additionally, in contrast to conventional core@shell structures, this winding structure induces partial exposure and accessibility of the premade nanoparticles. The functional nanoparticles can exhibit large accessible surface and efficient energy exchanges with the surroundings. As a proof of concept, winding-structured CuS&mSiO2 nanocomposites are fabricated, which are made up of a 100 nm CuS nanosphere and the 1D mSiO2 nanorods with a diameter of ∼50 nm winding the nanosphere in the perimeter. The winding structured nanocomposites are demonstrated to have fourfold photoacoustic imaging intensity compared with the conventional core@shell nanostructure with an inaccessible core because of the greatly enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (increased by ∼30%). Overall, our work paves the way to the design and synthesis of 1D nanomaterials with controllable bending and folding, as well as the formation of high-performance complex nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xingmiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Department of Oncology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chin-Te Hung
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zuyang He
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | | | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Yan Y, Chen G, She P, Zhong G, Yan W, Guan BY, Yamauchi Y. Mesoporous Nanoarchitectures for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004654. [PMID: 32964570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous materials have attracted considerable attention because of their distinctive properties, including high surface areas, large pore sizes, tunable pore structures, controllable chemical compositions, and abundant forms of composite materials. During the last decade, there has been increasing research interest in constructing advanced mesoporous nanomaterials possessing short and open channels with efficient mass diffusion capability and rich accessible active sites for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, the synthesis, structures, and energy-related applications of mesoporous nanomaterials are the main focus. After a brief summary of synthetic methods of mesoporous nanostructures, the delicate design and construction of mesoporous nanomaterials are described in detail through precise tailoring of the particle sizes, pore sizes, and nanostructures. Afterward, their applications as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, water-splitting electrolyzers, and fuel cells are discussed. Finally, the possible development directions and challenges of mesoporous nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guangrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Peihong She
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Research Center for Future Materials, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guiyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bu Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Research Center for Future Materials, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Porous cage-derived nanomaterial inks for direct and internal three-dimensional printing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4695. [PMID: 32943642 PMCID: PMC7499254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The convergence of 3D printing techniques and nanomaterials is generating a compelling opportunity space to create advanced materials with multiscale structural control and hierarchical functionalities. While most nanoparticles consist of a dense material, less attention has been payed to 3D printing of nanoparticles with intrinsic porosity. Here, we combine ultrasmall (about 10 nm) silica nanocages with digital light processing technique for the direct 3D printing of hierarchically porous parts with arbitrary shapes, as well as tunable internal structures and high surface area. Thanks to the versatile and orthogonal cage surface modifications, we show how this approach can be applied for the implementation and positioning of functionalities throughout 3D printed objects. Furthermore, taking advantage of the internal porosity of the printed parts, an internal printing approach is proposed for the localized deposition of a guest material within a host matrix, enabling complex 3D material designs.
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Aubert T, Ma K, Tan KW, Wiesner U. Two-Dimensional Superstructures of Silica Cages. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908362. [PMID: 32270557 PMCID: PMC7454033 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on mesoporous silica since the early 1990s, the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) silica nanostructures remains challenging. Here, mesoporous silica is synthesized at an interface between two immiscible solvents under conditions leading to the formation of 2D superstructures of silica cages, the thinnest mesoporous silica films synthesized to date. Orientational correlations between cage units increase with increasing layer number controlled via pH, while swelling with oil and mixed surfactants increase micelle size dispersity, leading to complex clathrate type structures in multilayer superstructures. The results suggest that a three-dimensional (3D) crystallographic registry within cage-like superstructures emerges as a result of the concerted 3D co-assembly of the organic and inorganic components. Mesoporous 2D superstructures can be fabricated over macroscopic film dimensions and stacked on top of each other. The realization of previously inaccessible mesoporous silica heterostructures with separation or catalytic properties unachievable via conventional bulk syntheses is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Aubert
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kwan W Tan
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Hammond-Pereira E, Bryant K, Graham TR, Yang C, Mergelsberg S, Wu D, Saunders SR. Mesoporous silica-encapsulated gold core–shell nanoparticles for active solvent-free benzyl alcohol oxidation. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica-encapsulated gold core@shell nanoparticles (Au@SiO2 CSNPs) were synthesized via a tunable bottom-up procedure to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Hammond-Pereira
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Kristin Bryant
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Trent R. Graham
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
| | - Chen Yang
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics
| | | | - Di Wu
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics
| | - Steven R. Saunders
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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Kohle FFE, Li S, Turker MZ, Wiesner UB. Ultrasmall PEGylated and Targeted Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles Carrying Methylene Blue Photosensitizer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:256-264. [PMID: 33463188 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) presents an alternative noninvasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. PDT relies on cytotoxic singlet oxygen (reactive oxygen species or ROS) that is locally generated through energy transfer between a photosensitizer (PS) and molecularly dissolved triplet oxygen. While a number of nanoparticle-based PS vehicles have been described, because of their beneficial and proven biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles, ultrasmall nanoparticles with diameters below 10 nm are particularly promising. Here, we investigate two different particle designs deviating from ultrasmall poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles referred to as Cornell prime dots (C' dots) by replacing the fluorescent dye with a photosensitizer (psC' dots), here the methylene blue (MB) derivate MB2. In the first approach (design 1), MB2 is encapsulated into the matrix of the silica core, while in the second approach (design 2), MB2 is grafted onto the silica core surface in between chains of the sterically stabilizing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) corona. We compare both cases with regard to their singlet oxygen quantum yields, ΦΔ, with the effective ΦΔeff per particle reaching 111 ± 3 and 161 ± 5% for designs 1 and 2, respectively, substantially exceeding single MB2 molecule performance. Encapsulation significantly improves PS photostability, while surface conjugation diminishes it, relative to free MB2. Finally, we show that both particle designs allow functionalization with a targeting peptide, cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Cys) [c(RGDyC)]. Results suggest that psC' dots are a promising targeted platform for PDT applications, e.g. in oncology, that may combine colloidal stability, efficient renal clearance limiting off-target accumulation, targeted delivery to sites of disease, and effective ROS generation maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
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