1
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Barbeira-Arán S, Sánchez-Sordo I, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes via Multicomponent Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3784-3789. [PMID: 38688018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as important structural motifs in drug design. However, asymmetric transformations that provide chiral BCPs bearing an adjacent stereocenter are still scarce. Here, we report a catalytic methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral 1,3-difunctionalized BCPs from a three-component coupling of [1.1.1]propellane, a Grignard reagent, and an allylic phosphate. The reaction proceeds via the addition of the Grignard reagent to [1.1.1]propellane followed by an asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed allylic substitution of the resulting BCP-Grignard, providing a broad range of α-chiral BCPs with excellent levels of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Barbeira-Arán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Sordo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Shablykin O, Stashkevych O, Sahun K, Rassokhin A, Sadkova I, Lesyk D, Anisiforova A, Holota Y, Borysko P, Bodenchuk I, Voloshchuk NM, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Validation as Bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-Benzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319831. [PMID: 38465464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a general and practical approach towards 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes with two and three exit vectors via an iodocyclization reaction. The obtained compounds have been easily converted into the corresponding building blocks for use in medicinal chemistry. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been incorporated into the structure of five drugs and three agrochemicals, and validated biologically as bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Stashkevych
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska Str. 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Artur Rassokhin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nataliya M Voloshchuk
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, V. F. Peresypkin Department of Phytopathology, Heroyiv Oborony Str. 15, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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Cai YM, Liu XT, Xu LL, Shang M. Electrochemical Ni-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp 3 )-N Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315222. [PMID: 38299697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A new electrochemical transformation is presented that enables chemists to couple simple alkyl carboxylic acid derivatives with an electrophilic amine reagent to construct C(sp3 )-N bond. The success of this reaction hinges on the merging of cooperative electrochemical reduction with nickel catalysis. The chemistry exhibits a high degree of practicality, showcasing its wide applicability with 1°, 2°, 3° carboxylic acids and remarkable compatibility with diverse functional groups, even in the realm of late-stage functionalization. Furthermore, extensive mechanistic studies have unveiled the engagement of alkyl radicals and iminyl radicals; and elucidated the multifaceted roles played by i Pr2 O, Ni catalyst, and electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Cai
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Ma X, Chen JL, Gaskins BE. Decarboxylative C-N Coupling of 2,2-Difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP-F 2) Building Blocks. Org Lett 2024; 26:1947-1951. [PMID: 38386927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is our effort toward achieving the decarboxylative functionalization of 2,2-difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP-F2) building blocks. When compared with the nonfluorinated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) analogues, we discovered divergent reactivities. This is the first successful decarboxylative coupling of BCP-F2 building blocks reported via the photoredox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joanna L Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bryce E Gaskins
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Azpilcueta-Nicolas CR, Lumb JP. Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:346-378. [PMID: 38410775 PMCID: PMC10896223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their ease of preparation, stability, and diverse reactivity, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have found many applications as radical precursors. Mechanistically, NHPI esters undergo a reductive decarboxylative fragmentation to provide a substrate radical capable of engaging in diverse transformations. Their reduction via single-electron transfer (SET) can occur under thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical conditions and can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nature of the electron donor, the use of Brønsted and Lewis acids, and the possibility of forming charge-transfer complexes. Such versatility creates many opportunities to influence the reaction conditions, providing a number of parameters with which to control reactivity. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the different mechanisms for radical reactions involving NHPI esters, with an emphasis on recent applications in radical additions, cyclizations and decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions. Within these reaction classes, we discuss the utility of the NHPI esters, with an eye towards their continued development in complexity-generating transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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6
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Gao Y, Jiang B, Friede NC, Hunter AC, Boucher DG, Minteer SD, Sigman MS, Reisman SE, Baran PS. Electrocatalytic Asymmetric Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Decarboxylative Coupling: Scope, Applications, and Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4872-4882. [PMID: 38324710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The first general enantioselective alkyl-Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) coupling reactions are disclosed herein by employing a Cr-electrocatalytic decarboxylative approach. Using easily accessible aliphatic carboxylic acids (via redox-active esters) as alkyl nucleophile synthons, in combination with aldehydes and enabling additives, chiral secondary alcohols are produced in a good yield with high enantioselectivity under mild reductive electrolysis. This reaction, which cannot be mimicked using stoichiometric metal or organic reductants, tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is successfully applied to dramatically simplify the synthesis of multiple medicinally relevant structures and natural products. Mechanistic studies revealed that this asymmetric alkyl e-NHK reaction was enabled by using catalytic tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, which acts as a key reductive mediator to mediate the electroreduction of the CrIII/chiral ligand complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Baiyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathan C Friede
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Arianne C Hunter
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dylan G Boucher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Kummer Institute Center for Resource Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Sánchez-Sordo I, Barbeira-Arán S, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral BCPs. Org Chem Front 2024; 11:916-928. [PMID: 38298565 PMCID: PMC10825854 DOI: 10.1039/d3qo01631e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as an interesting scaffold in drug design. These strained molecules can act as bioisosteres of para-substituted phenyl rings, tert-butyl groups or internal alkynes, leading to drug analogues with enhanced pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Thus, catalytic methodologies for the synthesis of BCPs represent a major goal in modern organic synthesis. In particular, asymmetric transformations that provide chiral BCPs bearing an adjacent stereocenter are particularly valuable to expand the chemical space of this important scaffold. In this article, we discuss the available methodologies for the asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral BCPs, their key mechanistic features and their application in bioisosteric replacements in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Sordo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Sergio Barbeira-Arán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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8
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Michel NWM, Gabbey AL, Edjoc RK, Fagbola E, Hughes JME, Campeau LC, Rousseaux SAL. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Redox Active Esters for the Synthesis of α-Aryl Nitriles: Investigation of a Chlorosilane Additive. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38197128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of redox active N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and iodoarenes for the synthesis of α-aryl nitriles is described. The NHP ester substrate is derived from cyanoacetic acid, which allows for a modular synthesis of substituted α-aryl nitriles, an important scaffold in the pharmaceutical sciences. The reaction exhibits a broad scope, and many functional groups are compatible under the reaction conditions, including complex highly functionalized medicinal agents. Mechanistic studies reveal that reduction and decarboxylation of the NHP ester to the reactive radical intermediate are accomplished by a combination of a chlorosilane additive and Zn dust. We demonstrate that stoichiometric chlorosilane is essential for product formation and that chlorosilane plays a role beyond activation of the metal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W M Michel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Racquel K Edjoc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Fagbola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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9
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Gao Y, Baran PS. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Acylation: Rapid, Modular Access to α-Amino Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315203. [PMID: 37939247 PMCID: PMC10842042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to the enantiocontrolled synthesis of α-amino ketone derivatives is disclosed by employing a decarboxylative acylation strategy. Thus, when an acyl chloride and an α-amido-containing redox-active ester are exposed to a nickel catalyst, chiral ligand, and metal reductant, α-amido ketones are produced in good yield and high ee. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope, can be easily scaled up, and is applied to dramatically simplify the synthesis of several known structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Götz J, Jackl MK, Jindakun C, Marziale AN, André J, Gosling DJ, Springer C, Palmieri M, Reck M, Luneau A, Brocklehurst CE, Bode JW. High-throughput synthesis provides data for predicting molecular properties and reaction success. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj2314. [PMID: 37889964 PMCID: PMC10610918 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The generation of attractive scaffolds for drug discovery efforts requires the expeditious synthesis of diverse analogues from readily available building blocks. This endeavor necessitates a trade-off between diversity and ease of access and is further complicated by uncertainty about the synthesizability and pharmacokinetic properties of the resulting compounds. Here, we document a platform that leverages photocatalytic N-heterocycle synthesis, high-throughput experimentation, automated purification, and physicochemical assays on 1152 discrete reactions. Together, the data generated allow rational predictions of the synthesizability of stereochemically diverse C-substituted N-saturated heterocycles with deep learning and reveal unexpected trends on the relationship between structure and properties. This study exemplifies how organic chemists can exploit state-of-the-art technologies to markedly increase throughput and confidence in the preparation of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Götz
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz K. Jackl
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chalupat Jindakun
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N. Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme André
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Gosling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clayton Springer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Reck
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Luneau
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cara E. Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Zhou P, Yuan Z, He J, Fang T, Liu B, Zhang Z. Aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage and functionalization for the synthesis of value-added chemicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11923-11931. [PMID: 37712348 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-C bonds is an attractive and sustainable route for constructing valuable molecules such as esters, nitriles, and amides. Traditionally homogeneous catalytic systems for C-C bond cleavage required harsh conditions, stoichiometric oxidants, and noble metal catalysts to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers of C-C bonds, imposing environmental concerns of the transformation. Therefore, developing efficient, low-cost, and environmentally benign methods for C-C bond cleavage is of great importance and a cutting-edge area in modern chemistry. This feature article summarizes the sustainable aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage method developed by our group in the past 5 years. Fundamental principles in catalyst design, substrate scope, and mechanism for C-C bond cleavage are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ziliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Tingfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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12
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Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu WH. Deaminative Addition of Alkylpyridinium Salt to Aldehyde. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37364276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that a primary amine can engage in the nucleophilic addition to an aldehyde to synthesize an alcohol following preactivation of the amine. The enabling reagent for this radical-polar crossover process is CrCl2. This reaction is selective for aldehydes and compatible with numerous functional groups, which are not tolerated under classical Grignard-type conditions. Complementary to the well-established imine synthesis, this deaminative alcohol synthesis can broadly expand the chemical space constructed by aldehydes and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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13
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Ni J, Xia X, Gu D, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Modular Ketone Synthesis from Carboxylic Derivatives and gem-Dihaloalkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37365677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketones are ubiquitous in organic synthesis. However, the general method to convert widely available carboxylic acids, unactivated esters, and amides into ketones remains elusive. Herein, we describe the Ti-catalyzed modular ketone synthesis from carboxylic derivatives and easily accessed gem-dihaloalkanes. Notably, this protocol could achieve the direct catalytic olefination of carboxylic acids. This method features a sequence of olefination and electrophilic transformation and good functional group compatibility and allows rapid access to various functionalized ketones. Preliminary mechanistic studies provide insights into the reaction pathway and support the intermediacy of plausible alkylidene titanocene and gem-bimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danyu Gu
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Kiran INC, Kranthikumar R. Nickel-Catalyzed Deaminative Ketone Synthesis: Coupling of Alkylpyridinium Salts with Thiopyridine Esters via C-N Bond Activation. Org Lett 2023; 25:3623-3627. [PMID: 37184214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of ketones by the nickel-catalyzed deaminative cross-coupling of alkylpyridinium salts with thiopyridine esters has been reported. The reaction works well for both primary and secondary amines. This approach affords a highly valuable vista for the facile synthesis of ketones from easily accessible feedstock chemicals. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the functionalization of complex bioactives and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Chaithanya Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ramagonolla Kranthikumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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15
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Venditto NJ, Boerth JA. Photoredox-Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Functionalized γ-Amino Butyric Acids via Reductive Radical Polar Crossover. Org Lett 2023; 25:3429-3434. [PMID: 37163325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent radical polar crossover (RPC) reactions are useful for leveraging both radical and polar bond-forming steps to rapidly build molecular complexity in a single transformation. However, multicomponent RPC reactions that utilize carbonyl π-bond electrophiles are underrepresented in the literature. Herein, we describe a mild, photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative multicomponent RPC reaction that couples carboxylic acids, Michael acceptors, and carbonyl electrophiles for the formation of diversely functionalized γ-amino butyric acid derivatives. This transformation also facilitates the synthesis of complex and biologically relevant γ-lactam compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Venditto
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Boerth
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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16
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Wang J, Ehehalt LE, Huang Z, Beleh OM, Guzei IA, Weix DJ. Formation of C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bonds Instead of Amide C-N Bonds from Carboxylic Acid and Amine Substrate Pools by Decarbonylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9951-9958. [PMID: 37126234 PMCID: PMC10175239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-heteroatom bonds, most often amide and ester bonds, are the standard method to link together two complex fragments because carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols are ubiquitous and the reactions are reliable. However, C-N and C-O linkages are often a metabolic liability because they are prone to hydrolysis. While C(sp2)-C(sp3) linkages are preferable in many cases, methods to make them require different starting materials or are less functional-group-compatible. We show here a new, decarbonylative reaction that forms C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds from the reaction of activated carboxylic acids (via 2-pyridyl esters) with activated alkyl groups derived from amines (via N-alkyl pyridinium salts) and alcohols (via alkyl halides). Key to this process is a remarkably fast, reversible oxidative addition/decarbonylation sequence enabled by pyridone and bipyridine ligands that, under reaction conditions that purge CO(g), lead to a selective reaction. The conditions are mild enough to allow coupling of more complex fragments, such as those used in drug development, and this is demonstrated in the coupling of a typical Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) anchor with common linkers via C-C linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhidao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Omar M. Beleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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17
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Seong CM, Ansel AQ, Roberts CC. Redox Inversion: A Radical Analogue of Umpolung Reactivity for Base- and Metal-Free Catalytic C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3935-3940. [PMID: 36877204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The construction of alkyl-alkyl bonds is a powerful tool in organic synthesis. Redox inversion, defined as switching the donor/acceptor profile of a functional group to its acceptor/donor profile, is used for C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling. We report a photocatalytic coupling of carboxylic acids to form bibenzyls through a radical-radical coupling. Mechanistic insight is gained through control reactions. This unexplored redox-opposite relationship between a carboxylic acid and its redox-active ester is implemented in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Seong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Annabel Q Ansel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Huang W, Zheng Y, Keess S, Molander GA. A General and Modular Approach to BCP Alkylamines via Multicomponent Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5363-5369. [PMID: 36802571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs have come to the fore as valuable pharmaceutical bioisosteres of para-disubstituted benzenes. However, the limited approaches and requisite multistep syntheses of useful BCP building blocks are hampering early discovery research in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report the development of a modular strategy for the divergent preparation of functionalized BCP alkylamines. In this process, a general method to introduce fluoroalkyl groups to BCP scaffolds using readily available and easy-to-handle fluoroalkyl sulfinate salts was also developed. Moreover, this strategy can also be extended to S-centered radicals for incorporation of sulfones and thioethers into the BCP core. Overall, this multicomponent strategy enables rapid construction of BCP-type bioisosteres for applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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19
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Wang Y, Xu J, Pan Y, Wang Y. Recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions of organic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1121-1133. [PMID: 36655598 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As naturally abundant and recyclable industrial feedstock, alcohols and carboxylic acids have drawn tremendous attention in medicinal chemistry and polymer chemistry. The selective C-O cleavage of the hydroxyl group represents an appealing strategy to deliver alkyl and carbonyl moieties into organic molecules. Classical examples of hydroxyl activation include the Appel reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, and Barton-McCombie deoxygenation. However, these early approaches still require large amounts of oxidants or reductants, and suffer from harsh conditions and low atom economy. Electrosynthesis has proven to be an effective and mild way of the modern chemical industry, avoiding the use of chemical oxidants/reductants through the action of an electric current. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions and categorized the deoxygenation methods by different functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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20
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Shinozaki Y, Popov S, Plenio H. Fluorescent organometallic dyads and triads: establishing spatial relationships. Chem Sci 2023; 14:350-361. [PMID: 36687348 PMCID: PMC9811503 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04869h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET pairs involving up to three different Bodipy dyes are utilized to provide information on the assembly/disassembly of organometallic complexes. Azolium salts tagged with chemically robust and photostable blue or green or red fluorescent Bodipy, respectively, were synthesized and the azolium salts used to prepare metal complexes [(NHC_blue)ML], [(NHC_green)ML] and [(NHC_red)ML] (ML = Pd(allyl)Cl, IrCl(cod), RhCl(cod), AuCl, Au(NTf2), CuBr). The blue and the green Bodipy and the green and the red Bodipy, respectively, were designed to allow the formation of efficient FRET pairs with minimal cross-talk. Organometallic dyads formed from two subunits enable the transfer of excitation energy from the donor dye to the acceptor dye. The blue, green and red emission provide three information channels on the formation of complexes, which is demonstrated for alkyne or sulfur bridged digold species and for ion pairing of a red fluorescent cation and a green fluorescent anion. This approach is extended to probe an assembly of three different subunits. In such a triad, each component is tagged with either a blue, a green or a red Bodipy and the energy transfer blue →green → red proves the formation of the triad. The tagging of molecular components with robust fluorophores can be a general strategy in (organometallic) chemistry to establish connectivities for binuclear catalyst resting states and binuclear catalyst decomposition products in homogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1264287 DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stepan Popov
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1264287 DarmstadtGermany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1264287 DarmstadtGermany
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21
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Ji H, Lin D, Tai L, Li X, Shi Y, Han Q, Chen LA. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Coupling of Acid Chlorides with α-Bromobenzoates: An Asymmetric Acyloin Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23019-23029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dengkai Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lanzhu Tai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaorong Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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22
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Lin Q, Gong H, Wu F. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Heteroaryl Bromides with Tertiary Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:8996-9000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology and Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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23
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Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Giovanelli R, Castiñeira Reis M, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211732. [PMID: 36161744 PMCID: PMC9828748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2 -Csp3 bond forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
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24
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Gavin JT, Belli RG, Roberts CC. Radical-Polar Crossover Catalysis with a d 0 Metal Enabled by a Redox-Active Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21431-21436. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Gavin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Zhou Z, Sales ZS, Pippel DJ, Qian M, Martin CL. Blue Light-Mediated, Photocatalyst-Free Decarboxylative Alkylation of Heteroaryl Sulfinimines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14948-14952. [PMID: 36228170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a diastereoselective, photocatalyst-free decarboxylative alkylation of (hetero)aryl sulfinimines using redox-active esters under blue light. High yields and diastereoselectivities can be achieved under mild conditions, and we demonstrate its utility as a synthetic method, especially for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zachary S Sales
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J Pippel
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Qian
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Connor L Martin
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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26
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Kerackian T, Bouyssi D, Pilet G, Médebielle M, Monteiro N, Vantourout JC, Amgoune A. Nickel-Catalyzed Electro-Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aliphatic N-Acyl Imides with Alkyl Halides as a Strategy for Dialkyl Ketone Synthesis: Scope and Mechanistic Investigations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taline Kerackian
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI, UMR 5615 du CNRS), 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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27
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Zhang FH, Guo X, Zeng X, Wang Z. Asymmetric 1,4-functionalization of 1,3-enynes via dual photoredox and chromium catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5036. [PMID: 36028488 PMCID: PMC9418150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The merger of photoredox and transition-metal catalysis has evolved as a robust platform in organic synthesis over the past decade. The stereoselective 1,4-functionalization of 1,3-enynes, a prevalent synthon in synthetic chemistry, could afford valuable chiral allene derivatives. However, tremendous efforts have been focused on the ionic reaction pathway. The radical-involved asymmetric 1,4-functionalization of 1,3-enynes remains a prominent challenge. Herein, we describe the asymmetric three-component 1,4-dialkylation of 1,3-enynes via dual photoredox and chromium catalysis to provide chiral allenols. This method features readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, high regioselectivity, and simultaneous control of axial and central chiralities. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction proceeds through a radical-involved redox-neutral pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaochong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianrong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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28
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Wang L, Yu J, Duan Z, Jin J, Zhang Y. Cobalt-catalyzed synthesis of aryl ketones and aldehydes from redox-active esters. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6554-6557. [PMID: 35929778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative oxidation of benzylic redox-active esters is described. This protocol efficiently converts secondary or primary aliphatic carboxylic acids into aromatic ketones or aldehydes. A wide range of substrates selectively reacted in good to excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance. Notably, various biologically active molecules could also work well, which indicated the synthetic application of such a methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiage Yu
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zeqing Duan
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingrong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García‐Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205673. [PMID: 35688769 PMCID: PMC9378488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross‐coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all‐carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained‐ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery that t‐BuBpyCamCN, an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96‐well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Salgueiro
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
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30
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García-Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel John Weix
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry 1101 University Avenue 53706 Madison UNITED STATES
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31
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Mandal S, Thirupathi B. Total synthesis of proposed elgonene C and its (4 R,5 R)-diastereomer. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3922-3929. [PMID: 35258060 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the proposed elgonene C (1) and its (4R,5R)-diastereomer (1a) has been achieved using a second-generation oxazaborolidinium ion-catalysed Diels-Alder reaction, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and a Ni-catalysed cross-carboxyl coupling reaction via redox-active ester (RAE) formation as key reactions. The spectral and analytical data for our synthetic compounds 1 and 1a do not match the isolation data provided by Stadler et al. which indicates that structural revision is required for the proposed elgonene C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Govt. ITI Building, NH 59, Engineering School Road, Ganjam-District, Berhampur 760 010, Odisha, India.
| | - Barla Thirupathi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Govt. ITI Building, NH 59, Engineering School Road, Ganjam-District, Berhampur 760 010, Odisha, India.
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32
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Conn EL, Perry MA, Shi K, Wang G, Hoy S, Sach NW, Qi W, Qu L, Gao Y, Xu Y, Schmitt DC. Identification of parallel medicinal chemistry protocols to expand branched amine design space. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3747-3754. [PMID: 35448901 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Branched heteroaryl amines are prevalent motifs in drugs and are typically prepared through C-N bond formation. In contrast, C-C bond-forming approaches to branched amines may dramatically expand available chemical space but are rarely pursued in parallel format due to a lack of established library protocols. Methods for the synthesis of α-branched heteroaryl amines via aldimine addition have been evaluated for compatibility with parallel synthesis. In situ activation of aliphatic carboxylic acids as redox-active esters enables Zn-mediated decarboxylative radical imine addition to access aliphatic-branched heterobenzylic amines. In situ activation of (hetero)aryl bromides via Li-halogen exchange enables heteroaryl-lithium addition to imines to access (hetero)benzhydryl amines. Condensation of heteroaryl amines with heteroaryl aldehydes provides aldimines which may be intercepted with aryl Grignard reagents to provide modular access to (hetero)benzhydryl amines. These protocols minimize synthetic step count and maximize accessible design space, enhancing access to α-branched heteroaryl amines for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Conn
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
| | - Matthew A Perry
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
| | - Kecheng Shi
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Guotao Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Susan Hoy
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
| | - Neal W Sach
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Wenying Qi
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Liqiang Qu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yu Gao
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yan Xu
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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Abstract
The carbonyl group stands as a fundamental scaffold and plays a ubiquitous role in synthetically important chemical reactions in both academic and industrial contexts. Venerable transformations, including the aldol reaction, Grignard reaction, Wittig reaction, and Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction, constitute a vast and empowering synthetic arsenal. Notwithstanding, two-electron mechanisms inherently confine the breadth of accessible reactivity and topological patterns.Fostered by the rapid development of photoredox catalysis, combing well-entrenched carbonyl addition and radicals can harness several unique and increasingly sustainable transformations. In particular, unusual carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom disconnections, which are out of reach of two-electron carbonyl chemistry, can be conceived. To meet this end, a novel strategy toward the utilization of simple carbonyl compounds as intermolecular radical acceptors was developed. The reaction is enabled by visible-light photoredox-initiated hole catalysis. In situ Brønsted acid activation of the carbonyl moiety prevents β-scission from occurring. Furthermore, this regioselective alkyl radical addition reaction obviates the use of metals, ligands, or additives, thus offering a high degree of atom economy under mild conditions. On the basis of the same concept and the work of Schindler and co-workers, carbonyl-olefin cross-metathesis, induced by visible light, has also been achieved, leveraging a radical Prins-elimination sequence.Recently, dual chromium and photoredox catalysis has been developed by us and Kanai, offering a complementary approach to the revered Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Leveraging the intertwined synergy between light and metal, several radical-to-polar crossover transformations toward eminent molecular motifs have been developed. Reactions such as the redox-neutral allylation of aldehydes and radical carbonyl alkylation can harvest the power of light and enable the use of catalytic chromium metal. Overall, exquisite levels of diastereoselectivity can be enforced via highly compact transition states. Other examples, such as the dialkylation of 1,3-dienes and radical carbonyl propargylation portray the versatile combination of radicals and carbonyl addition in multicomponent coupling endeavors. Highly valuable motifs, which commonly occur in complex drug and natural product architectures, can now be accessed in a single operational step. Going beyond carbonyl addition, seminal contributions from Fagnoni and MacMillan preconized photocatalytic HAT-based acyl radical formation as a key aldehyde valorization strategy. Our group articulated this concept, leveraging carboxy radicals as hydrogen atom abstractors in high regio- and chemoselective carbonyl alkynylation and aldehyde trifluoromethylthiolation.This Account, in addition to the narrative of our group and others' contributions at the interface between carbonyl addition and radical-based photochemistry, aims to provide core guiding foundations toward novel disruptive synthetic developments. We envisage that extending radical-to-polar crossovers beyond Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi manifolds, taming less-activated carbonyls, leveraging multicomponent processes, and merging single electron steps with energy-transfer events will propel eminent breakthroughs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Claraz A, Masson G. Recent Advances in C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bond Formation through Cathodic Reactions: Reductive and Convergent Paired Electrolyses. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:126-147. [PMID: 36855458 PMCID: PMC9954344 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds is one of the major research goals of synthetic chemists. Electrochemistry is commonly considered to be an appealing means to drive redox reactions in a safe and sustainable fashion and has been utilized for C-C bond-forming reactions. Compared to anodic oxidative methods, which have been extensively explored, cathodic processes are much less investigated, whereas it can pave the way to alternative retrosynthetic disconnections of target molecules and to the discovery of new transformations. This review provides an overview on the recent achievements in the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds via cathodic reactions since 2017. It includes electrochemical reductions and convergent paired electrolyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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35
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Mitsunuma H, Kanai M, Katayama Y. Recent Progress in Chromium-Mediated Carbonyl Addition Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1696-6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganochromium(III) species are versatile nucleophiles in complex molecule synthesis due to their high functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity for aldehydes. Traditionally, carbonyl addition reactions of organochromium(III) species were performed through reduction of organohalides either using stoichiometric chromium(II) salts or catalytic chromium salts in the presence of stoichiometric reductants [such as Mn(0)]. Recently, alternative methods emerged involving organoradical formation from readily available starting materials (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, alkenes, and alkanes), followed by trapping the radical with stoichiometric or catalytic chromium(II) salts. Such methods, especially using catalytic chromium(II) salts, will lead to the development of sustainable chemical processes minimizing salt wastes and number of synthetic steps. In this review, methods for generation of organochromium(III) species for addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, classified by nucleophiles are described.1 Introduction2 Alkylation2.1 Branch-Selective Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes2.2 Linear-Selective Alkylation of Aldehydes2.2.1 Catalytic Decarboxylative Alkylation of Aldehydes Using NHPI Esters2.2.2 Catalytic Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes2.2.3 Alkylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Unactivated Alkanes2.3 Catalytic α-Aminoalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds3 Allylation3.1 Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling3.2 Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alkenes4 Propargylation: Catalytic Propargylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling5 Conclusion
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36
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Escolano M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Ribagorda M, Badir SO, Molander GA. Nickel-Mediated Synthesis of Non-Anomeric C-Acyl Glycosides through Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4981-4990. [PMID: 35289617 PMCID: PMC10412007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of nonanomeric C-acyl-saccharides has been developed from two different carboxylic acid feedstocks. This transformation is driven by the synergistic interaction of an electron donor-acceptor complex and Ni catalysis. Primary-, secondary-, and tertiary redox-active esters are incorporated as coupling partners onto preactivated pyranosyl- and furanosyl acids, preserving their stereochemical integrity. The reaction occurs under mild conditions, without stoichiometric metal reductants or exogenous catalysts, using commercially available Hantzsch ester as the organic photoreductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Maria Ribagorda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Shorouk O. Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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37
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Bay AV, Farnam EJ, Scheidt KA. Synthesis of Cyclohexanones by a Tandem Photocatalyzed Annulation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7030-7037. [PMID: 35316053 PMCID: PMC9050940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of cyclic scaffolds is of high importance to the chemistry community. Strategies for the convergent synthesis of substituted carbocycles and heterocycles remain underexplored despite the plethora of applications that these cyclic motifs have in the pharmaceutical and materials industries. Reported herein is a tandem carbene and photoredox-catalyzed process for the convergent synthesis of substituted cycloalkanones via a formal [5 + 1] cycloaddition. Featuring two distinct photoredox cycles and a novel α-oxidation of benzylic ketones, this reaction offers a mild approach to construct two contiguous C-C bonds and eliminates the need for strong bases or expensive metal catalysts. The utility of this method is highlighted through various product diversification reactions that allow access to a range of important cyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Bay
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emelia J Farnam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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38
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Abstract
The quest to find milder and more sustainable methods to generate highly reactive, carbon-centred intermediates has led to a resurgence of interest in radical chemistry. In particular, carboxylic acids are seen as attractive radical precursors due their availability, low cost, diversity, and sustainability. Moreover, the corresponding nucleophilic carbon-radical can be easily accessed through a favourable radical decarboxylation process, extruding CO2 as a traceless by-product. This review summarizes the recent progress on using carboxylic acids directly as convenient radical precursors for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via the 1,4-radical conjugate addition (Giese) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kitcatt
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Simon Nicolle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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39
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Raguž L, Peng C, Kaiser M, Görls H, Beemelmanns C. A Modular Approach to the Antifungal Sphingofungin Family: Concise Total Synthesis of Sphingofungin A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Raguž
- Chemical Biology of Microbe–Host Interactions Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Beutenbergstrasse 11A 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Chia‐Chi Peng
- Chemical Biology of Microbe–Host Interactions Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Beutenbergstrasse 11A 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4002 Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel Petersplatz 1 4003 Basel Switzerland
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich-Schiller-University Lessingstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe–Host Interactions Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Beutenbergstrasse 11A 07745 Jena Germany
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40
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Xi X, Luo Y, Li W, Xu M, Zhao H, Chen Y, Zheng S, Qi X, Yuan W. From Esters to Ketones via a Photoredox‐Assisted Reductive Acyl Cross‐Coupling Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Weirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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41
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Xiao J, Li Z, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with Aliphatic Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21234-21240. [PMID: 34894690 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The addition of alkyl fragments to aliphatic aldehydes is a highly desirable transformation for fragment couplings, yet existing methods come with operational challenges related to the basicity and instability of the nucleophilic reagents commonly employed. We report herein that nickel catalysis using a readily available bioxazoline (BiOx) ligand can catalyze the reductive coupling of redox-active esters with aliphatic aldehydes using zinc metal as the reducing agent to deliver silyl-protected secondary alcohols. This protocol is operationally simple, proceeds under mild conditions, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Initial mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway. Additionally, alkyl tosylates and epoxides are suitable alkyl precursors to this transformation providing a versatile suite of catalytic reactions for the functionalization of aliphatic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-1055, United States
| | - Zhenning Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-1055, United States
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42
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Shelp R, Merchant RR, Hughes JME, Walsh PJ. Enantioenriched BCP Benzylamine Synthesis via Metal Hydride Hydrogen Atom Transfer/Sulfinimine Addition to [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2021; 24:110-114. [PMID: 34908426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) benzylamine derivatives from [1.1.1]propellane and mesityl sulfinimines via metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MH HAT) is reported. Medicinally relevant heterocyclic BCP methanamines are prepared with high diastereoselectivity. The strategic impact of the method is demonstrated via the streamlined synthesis of the BCP analogue of a key levocetirizine intermediate. Mechanistic evidence for a competitive H2 evolution pathway and the importance of controlled silane addition during reaction initiation are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Shelp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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43
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Charboneau DJ, Huang H, Barth EL, Germe CC, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. Tunable and Practical Homogeneous Organic Reductants for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21024-21036. [PMID: 34846142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of four new tunable homogeneous organic reductants based on a tetraaminoethylene scaffold are reported. The new reductants have enhanced air stability compared to current homogeneous reductants for metal-mediated reductive transformations, such as cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), and are solids at room temperature. In particular, the weakest reductant is indefinitely stable in air and has a reduction potential of -0.85 V versus ferrocene, which is significantly milder than conventional reductants used in XEC. All of the new reductants can facilitate C(sp2)-C(sp3) Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions and are compatible with complex substrates that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. The reductants span a range of nearly 0.5 V in reduction potential, which allows for control over the rate of electron transfer events in XEC. Specifically, we report a new strategy for controlled alkyl radical generation in Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) XEC. The key to our approach is to tune the rate of alkyl radical generation from Katritzky salts, which liberate alkyl radicals upon single electron reduction, by varying the redox potentials of the reductant and Katritzky salt utilized in catalysis. Using our method, we perform XEC reactions between benzylic Katritzky salts and aryl halides. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups, some of which are particularly challenging for most XEC transformations. Overall, we expect that our new reductants will both replace conventional homogeneous reductants in current reductive transformations due to their stability and relatively facile synthesis and lead to the development of novel synthetic methods due to their tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Cameron C Germe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L Zultanski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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44
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Xi X, Luo Y, Li W, Xu M, Zhao H, Chen Y, Zheng S, Qi X, Yuan W. From Esters to Ketones via a Photoredox-Assisted Reductive Acyl Cross-Coupling Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114731. [PMID: 34783143 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for ketone synthesis via a photoredox-assisted reductive acyl cross-coupling (PARAC) using a nickel/photoredox dual-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of two different carboxylic acid esters. A variety of aryl, 1°, 2°, 3°-alkyl 2-pyridyl esters can act as acyl electrophiles while N-(acyloxy)phthalimides (NHPI esters) act as 1°, 2°, 3°-radical precursors. Our PARAC strategy provides an alternative and reliable way to synthesize various sterically congested 3°-3°, 3°-2°, and aryl-3° ketones under mild and highly unified conditions, which have been otherwise difficult to access. The combined experimental and computational studies identified a Ni0 /NiI /NiIII pathway for ketone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Weirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Raguž L, Peng CC, Kaiser M, Görls H, Beemelmanns C. A Modular Approach to the Antifungal Sphingofungin Family: Concise Total Synthesis of Sphingofungin A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112616. [PMID: 34677894 PMCID: PMC9300042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingofungins are fungal natural products known to inhibit the biosynthesis of sphingolipids which play pivotal roles in various cell functions. Here, we report a short and flexible synthetic approach towards the sphingofungin family. Key step of the synthesis was a decarboxylative cross‐coupling reaction of chiral sulfinyl imines with a functionalized tartaric acid derivative, which yielded the core motif of sphingofungins carrying four consecutive stereocenters and a terminal double bond. Subsequent metathesis reaction allowed for the introduction of different side chains of choice resulting in a total of eight sphingofungins, including for the first time sphingofungin C (eight steps from commercially available protected tartaric acid with an overall yield of 6 %) and sphingofungin A (ten steps). All newly synthesized derivatives were tested for their antifungal, cell‐proliferative and antiparasitic activity unraveling their structure–activity relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Raguž
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstrasse 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Chia-Chi Peng
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstrasse 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstrasse 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
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46
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Baker KM, Tallon A, Loach RP, Bercher OP, Perry MA, Watson MP. α-Chiral Amines via Thermally Promoted Deaminative Addition of Alkylpyridinium Salts to Sulfinimines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7735-7739. [PMID: 34570516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A deaminative reaction of Katritzky alkylpyridinium salts and sulfinimines has been developed to deliver enantiopure α-chiral amines. The success of this method relied on the discovery of a thermally promoted deamination via single-electron transfer of an anion-π complex of the alkylpyridinium cation with potassium carbonate. This method boasts excellent diastereoselectivity over the α-stereocenter as well as broad functional group and heterocycle tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Amanda Tallon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Olivia P Bercher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Matthew A Perry
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary P Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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47
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Tao X, Ma G, Song Y, Chen Y, Qian Q, Sun D, Gong H. Alkenylation and Arylation of Peptides via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of α- C-Tosyl Peptides with Csp 2 Triflates/Halides. Org Lett 2021; 23:7418-7422. [PMID: 34542298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between α-C-tosyl peptides and Csp2 triflates/halides has been developed. This protocol enables the formation of various unnatural di- and tripeptides containing vinyl and aryl side chains, and it expands the applications of Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling in late-stage diversification of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guobin Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanhong Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210, China
| | - Qun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Deli Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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48
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical Deoxygenative Thiolation of Preactivated Alcohols and Ketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:7524-7528. [PMID: 34519513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes an electrochemically promoted nickel-catalyzed deoxygenative thiolation of alcohols and ketones under mild conditions. Excellent substrate tolerance and good chemical yields can be achieved by graphene/nickel foam electrodes in an undivided cell. Further study to gain mechanistic insight into this electrochemical cross-coupling has been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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49
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Wang D, XU T. A Pivotal Role of Chloride Ion on Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling to Perfluoroalkylated Boronate Esters. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tao XU
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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50
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Cruz CL, Montgomery J. Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides and aliphatic aldehydes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11995-12000. [PMID: 34667565 PMCID: PMC8457385 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild, convenient coupling of aliphatic aldehydes and unactivated alkyl bromides has been developed. The catalytic system features the use of a common Ni(ii) precatalyst and a readily available bioxazoline ligand and affords silyl-protected secondary alcohols. The reaction is operationally simple, utilizing Mn as a stoichiometric reductant, and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. The use of 1,5-hexadiene as an additive is an important reaction parameter that provides significant benefits in yield optimizations. Initial mechanistic experiments support a mechanism featuring an alpha-silyloxy Ni species that undergoes formal oxidative addition to the alkyl bromide via a reductive cross-coupling pathway. Aliphatic aldehydes and alkyl bromides are reductively coupled using nickel catalysis. A BiOX ligand and 1,5-hexadiene paired with a silyl chloride and Mn as the terminal reductant are important features of the process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole L Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
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