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Wu YW, Wang CY, Yang SH. Exploration and Optimization of the Polymer-Modified NiO x Hole Transport Layer for Fabricating Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1054. [PMID: 38921930 PMCID: PMC11206296 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The recombination of charge carriers at the interface between carrier transport layers such as nickel oxide (NiOx) and the perovskite absorber has long been a challenge in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this issue, we introduced a polymer additive poly(vinyl butyral) into NiOx and subjected it to high-temperature annealing to form a void-containing structure. The formation of voids is confirmed to increase light transmittance and surface area of NiOx, which is beneficial for light absorption and carrier separation within PSCs. Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of the polymer additive helped to enhance the hole conductivity and carrier extraction of NiOx with a higher Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio. This also optimized the energy levels of NiOx to match with the perovskite to raise the open-circuit voltage to 1.01 V. By incorporating an additional NiOx layer beneath the polymer-modified NiOx, the device efficiency was further increased as verified from the dark current measurement of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng-Hsiung Yang
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 301, Section 2, Gaofa 3rd Road, Guiren District, Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (Y.-W.W.); (C.-Y.W.)
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2
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Chang KH, Yang YH, Su KH, Chen Y, Lin TC, Li JL, Liu ZY, Shi JH, Wang TF, Chang YT, Demchenko AP, Yang HC, Chou PT. Light Induced Proton Coupled Charge Transfer Triggers Counterion Directional Translocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403317. [PMID: 38578721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate directed translocation of ClO4 - anions from cationic to neutral binding site along the synthetized BPym-OH dye molecule that exhibits coupled excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) and charge-transfer (CT) reaction (PCCT). The results of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy together with computer simulation and modeling show that in low polar toluene the excited-state redistribution of electronic charge enhanced by ESIPT generates the driving force, which is much stronger than by CT reaction itself and provides more informative gigantic shifts of fluorescence spectra signaling on ultrafast ion motion. The associated with ion translocation red-shifted fluorescence band (at 750 nm, extending to near-IR region) appears at the time ~83 ps as a result of electrochromic modulation of PCCT reaction. It occurs at substantial delay to PCCT that displayed fluorescence band at 640 nm and risetime of <200 fs. Thus, it becomes possible to visualize the manifestations of light-triggered ion translocation and of its driving force by fluorescence techniques and to separate them in time and energy domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zong-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Han Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Tyng Chang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Alexander P Demchenko
- A. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Yuriy Fedkovych National University, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukrainet
| | - Hsiao-Ching Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Han J, Luo D, Huang W, Wang F, Jia C, Li X, Chen Y. Multifunctional chemical anchors achieve a boosted fill factor and mitigate ion migration of high-stability perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8356-8368. [PMID: 38669078 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
To date, it is urgent to produce perovskite films with comparative or even better morphologies in an open-air environment. Unfortunately, a substantial number of trap states on the grain surface, especially the grain boundaries (GBs) of a perovskite layer, can bring about significant deterioration in the performance of PSCs. Trap-induced carrier recombination directly exerts a detrimental influence on the carrier collection efficiency and electronic properties of a perovskite active film. Herein, 4(5)-iodoimidazole (4II), a small organic molecule agent, was introduced to passivate the surface and bulk traps of the active film, which resulted in a controlled morphology, improved carrier extraction and suppressed ion migration for the devices fabricated in a relatively humid and O2-containing environment. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements were applied to study trap passivation and suppression of ion migration across the GBs of perovskite films. The results manifest that the -CN group preferably bonds with the less-coordinated Pb2+ and the -NH- group favorably forms hydrogen bonds with the uncoordinated I-. As a result, the champion device delivered a significantly boosted power conversion efficiency from 17.22% to 20.95%, with an improved fill factor (FF) from 70.54% to 80.40%, and improved ambient stability of the unencapsulated device. This study may probe research insight into the design of passivators with synergistic effects for morphology control and reduction of carrier recombination loss for equally efficient perovskite photovoltaics fabricated in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Dandan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Chong Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Xinhua Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Research Center of Generic Technology in New Display Industry, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Guan Z, Wei Z, Liu F, Fu L, Shan N, Zhao Y, Huang Z, Humphrey MG, Zhang C. Donor-π-Acceptor Porphyrin-Assisted Bifunctional Defect Passivation for Enhanced Temporal Domain-/Wavelength-Dependent Nonlinear Absorption Properties in Perovskite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37878409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite layer defects are a primary inhibiting factor for their optical nonlinearity, which restricts their use in nonlinear photonics devices. Nevertheless, due to the variety of defect types, the passivation and repair of these defects remain challenging. Herein, a novel bifunctional passivation strategy was proposed, and the porphyrin with a donor-π-acceptor structure was designed to bifunctionally repair perovskite defects by linking different types of functional groups via acetylenic π-conjugated linkage bridges on both sides, thus improving the nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption properties of porphyrin-perovskite hybrid materials. Research results indicate that the amino and carboxyl groups of porphyrins endow the ability to bifunctionally passivate charged defects via effective coordination interactions. The nonlinear absorption properties of all porphyrin-passivated MAPbI3 films were remarkably enhanced compared to that of the MAPbI3 film across multiple wavelengths and temporal domains. Particularly, the Por3-passivated perovskite film (MAPbI3/Por3) exhibited optimized strongest NLO performance, including reverse saturable absorption (RSA) under 800 nm femtosecond (fs) and 1064 nm nanosecond (ns) laser irradiations, as well as saturable absorption (SA) with 515 and 532 nm ns laser excitations. The value of the NLO absorption coefficient (β = 266.23 cm GW-1) is 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the pristine perovskite film (β = 12.93 cm GW-1), also outperforming other porphyrin-passivated perovskite films and some reported materials. The bifunctional passivation mechanism of porphyrin not only intensifies the perovskite's photoinduced ground-state dipole moment in the two-photon absorption (TPA) process and the free carrier absorption ability to deepen the RSA properties under 800 nm fs and 1064 nm ns lasers, respectively, but also enables the improvement of SA responses under 515 nm fs and 532 nm ns lasers by expediting the Pauli blocking effect of perovskite. Our study offers a viable paradigm, which aims at exploiting high-performance NLO perovskite materials across wide spectral regions and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Guan
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wei
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fang Liu
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Fu
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Naying Shan
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chi Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hung CM, Mai CL, Wu CC, Chen BH, Lu CH, Chu CC, Wang MC, Yang SD, Chen HC, Yeh CY, Chou PT. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Bi-Functionalized Porphyrins: A Novel Class of Hole-Layer-Coordinating Perovskites and Indium Tin Oxide in Inverted Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309831. [PMID: 37594921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer the advantage of facile interfacial modification, leading to significant improvements in device performance. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a new series of carboxylic acid-functionalized porphyrin derivatives, namely AC-1, AC-3, and AC-5, and present, for the first time, a strategy to exploit the large π-moiety of porphyrins as a backbone for interfacing the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and perovskite active layer in an inverted perovskite solar cell (PSC) configuration. The electron-rich nature of porphyrins facilitates hole transfer and the formation of SAMs, resulting in a dense surface that minimizes defects. Comprehensive spectroscopic and dynamic studies demonstrate that the double-anchored AC-3 and AC-5 enhance SAMs on ITO, passivate the perovskite layer, and function as conduits to facilitate hole transfer, thus significantly boosting the performance of PSCs. The champion inverted PSC employing AC-5 SAM achieves an impressive solar efficiency of 23.19 % with a high fill factor of 84.05 %. This work presents a novel molecular engineering strategy for functionalizing SAMs to tune the energy levels, molecular dipoles, packing orientations to achieve stable and efficient solar performance. Importantly, our comprehensive investigation has unraveled the associated mechanisms, offering valuable insights for future advancements in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ming Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, 106319, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lun Mai
- Department of Chemistry, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (i-CAST), Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, 402202, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, 106319, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chun Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, 106319, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (i-CAST), Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, 402202, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 242062, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (i-CAST), Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, 402202, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, 106319, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang L, Lou YH, Wang ZK. Buried Interface Passivation: A Key Strategy to Breakthrough the Efficiency of Perovskite Photovoltaics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302585. [PMID: 37196420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the merits of low cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE), perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become the best candidate to replace the commonly used silicon solar cells. However, PSCs have been slow to enter the market for a number of reasons, including poor stability, high toxicity, and rigorous preparation process. Passivation strategies including surface passivation and bulk passivation have been successfully applied to improve the device performance of PSCs. The passivation of the defects at the buried interface, which is regarded as a key strategy to breakthrough the device efficiency and stability of PSCs in the future, is ongoing with challenge. Herein, in detail the recent passivation of the buried interface is introduced from three aspects: perovskite layer, buried interlayer, and transport layer. The passivation effect of the buried interface is clearly demonstrated through three categories of salts, organics, and 2D materials. In addition, the transport layer is classified into electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL). These classifications can help to have a clear understanding of substances which generate passivating effect and guide the continuous promotion of the follow-up buried interface passivating work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan-Hui Lou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Liu YC, Lin JT, Lee YL, Hung CM, Chou TC, Chao WC, Huang ZX, Chiang TH, Chiu CW, Chuang WT, Chou PT. Recognizing the Importance of Fast Nonisothermal Crystallization for High-Performance Two-Dimensional Dion-Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells with High Fill Factors: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14897-14906. [PMID: 35924834 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), despite their advantage in versatility of n-layer variation, are subject to poor photovoltaic efficiency, particularly in the fill factor (FF), compared to their three-dimensional counterparts. To enhance the performance of DJ PSCs, the process of growing crystals and hence the corresponding morphology of DJ perovskites are of prime importance. Herein, we report the fast nonisothermal (NIT) crystallization protocol that is previously unrecognized for 2D perovskites to significantly improve the morphology, orientation, and charge transport of the DJ perovskite films. Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal that the NIT effect leads to the secondary crystallization stage, forming network-like channels that play a vital role in the FF's leap-forward improvement and hence the DJ PSC's performance. As a whole, the NIT crystallized PSCs demonstrate a high power conversion efficiency and an FF of up to 19.87 and 86.16%, respectively. This research thus provides new perspectives to achieve highly efficient DJ PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Tai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ming Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Che Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Xuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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