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Salehi ME, Asoodeh A. Extraction, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of an Alkalothermophilic Endoglucanase from Bacterial Flora in Gastrointestinal Tract of Osphranteria coerulescens Larvae. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2023; 14:1251-1265. [DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
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Seemakram W, Boonrung S, Aimi T, Ekprasert J, Lumyong S, Boonlue S. Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequences of thermo-alkali-stable and mercury ion-tolerant xylanase from Thermomyces dupontii KKU-CLD-E2-3. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21663. [PMID: 33303944 PMCID: PMC7730141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the properties of the low molecular weight thermo-alkali-stable and mercury ion-tolerant xylanase production from Thermomyces dupontii KKU-CLD-E2-3. The xylanase was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography which resulted 27.92-fold purification specific activity of 56.19 U/mg protein and a recovery yield of 2.01%. The purified xylanase showed a molecular weight of 25 kDa by SDS-PAGE and the partial peptide sequence showed maximum sequence homology to the endo-1,4-β-xylanase. The optimum temperature and pH for its activity were 80 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Furthermore, the purified xylanase can maintain more than 75% of the original activity in pH range of 7.0-10.0 after incubation at 4 °C for 24 h, and can still maintain more than 70% of original activity after incubating at 70 °C for 90 min. Our purified xylanase was activated by Cu2+ and Hg2+ up to 277% and 235% of initial activity, respectively but inhibited by Co2+, Ag+ and SDS at a concentration of 5 mM. The Km and Vmax values of beechwood xylan were 3.38 mg/mL and 625 µmol/min/mg, respectively. Furthermore, our xylanase had activity specifically to xylan-containing substrates and hydrolyzed beechwood xylan, and the end products mainly were xylotetraose and xylobiose. The results suggested that our purified xylanase has potential to use for pulp bleaching in the pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan Seemakram
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Santhaya Boonrung
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Buriram, 31000, Thailand
| | - Tadanori Aimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Jindarat Ekprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai Univertity, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Sophon Boonlue
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Sulyman AO, Igunnu A, Malomo SO. Isolation, purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Arachis hypogaea shells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05668. [PMID: 33319112 PMCID: PMC7723808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are enzymes that hydrolyse cellulose and related cellu-oligosaccharides derivatives. Its applications are enormous but high cost of production is the bottle-neck against the utilization of cellulase in industries. Therefore, this study investigated the isolation, purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Arachis hypogaea shells. The crude cellulase enzyme was produced by A. niger through submerged fermentation process using A. hypogaea shells as a carbon source. The optima fermentation conditions were determined by varying different parameters. The crude cellulase was purified through ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel-filtration chromatography. The molecular weight was estimated using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The effects of pH and temperature on the activity of the purified cellulase were investigated. The study revealed that the: optimal production of crude cellulase was achieved at incubation period of 120 h, pH 4, temperature 40 °C, and inoculum size of 13 × 105 CFU/ml. Cellulase was purified to 68.12-fold with a yield and specific activity of 3.87% and 484.3 U/mg respectively. The Vmax for the cellulase was 9.26 U/ml while the Km was 0.23 mg/ml. The molecular weight of the cellulase was approximately 13.5 kDa and the enzyme has higher specificity for CMC compared to other substrates. The optimum pH and temperature for the cellulase activity were 4 and 40 °C respectively. The present study has shown that A. hypogaea shells can be used as a carbon source by A. niger for the production of cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Sulyman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete P.M.B. 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A Igunnu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - S O Malomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Ahmad T, Sharma A, Gupta G, Mansoor S, Jan S, Kaur B, Paray BA, Ahmad A. Response surface optimization of cellulase production from Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus BKT-9: An isolate of urban Himalayan freshwater. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2333-2343. [PMID: 32884415 PMCID: PMC7451742 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their vast industrial potential, cellulases have been regarded as the potential biocatalysts by both the academicians and the industrial research groups. In the present study, culturable bacterial strains of Himalayan Urban freshwater lake were investigated for cellulose degrading activities. Initially, a total of 140 bacterial strains were isolated and only 45 isolates were found to possess cellulose degrading property. On the basis of preliminary screening involving cellulase activity assay on CMC agar (with clear zone of hydrolysis) and biosafety assessment testing, only single isolate named as BKT-9 was selected for the cellulase production studies. Strain BKT-9 was characterized at the molecular level using rRNA gene sequencing and its sequence homology analysis revealed its identity as Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus. Further, various physico-chemical parameters and culture conditions were optimized using one factor approach to enhance cellulase production levels in the strain BKT-9. Subsequently, RSM based statistical optimization led to formulation of cellulase production medium, wherein the bacterial strain exhibited ~60 folds increase in enzyme activity as compared to un-optimized culture medium. Further studies are being suggested to scale up cellulase production in A. aneurinilyticus strain BKT-9 so that it can be utilized for biomass saccharification at an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseef Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Anshula Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Gaganjot Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | | | - Sumira Jan
- Division of Biochemistry, SKUAST Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Thermostable endoglucanase gene derived by amplification from the genomic DNA of a cellulose-enriched mixed culture from mudspring water of Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:51. [PMID: 32157408 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Culture-independent molecular-based approaches can be used to identify genes of interest from environmental sources that have desirable properties such as thermo activity. For this study, a putative thermo stable endoglucanase gene was identified from a mixed culture resulting from the inoculation of Brock-CMcellulose (1%) broth with mudspring water from Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines that had been incubated at 90 °C. Genomic DNA was extracted from the cellulose-enriched mixed culture and endo1949 forward and reverse primers were used to amplify the endoglucanase gene, which was cloned into pCR-script plasmid vector. Blastn alignment of the sequenced insert revealed 99.69% similarity to the glycosyl hydrolase, sso1354 (CelA1; Q97YG7) from Saccharolobus solfataricus. The endoglucanase gene (GenBank accession number MK984682) was determined to be 1,021 nucleotide bases in length, corresponding to 333 amino acids with a molecular mass of ~ 37 kDa. The endoglucanase gene was inserted into a pET21 vector and transformed in E. coli BL21 for expression. Partially purified recombinant Mt. Makiling endoglucanase (MM-Engl) showed a specific activity of 187.61 U/mg and demonstrated heat stability up to 80 °C. The thermo-acid stable endoglucanase can be used in a supplementary hydrolysis step to further hydrolyze the lignocellulosic materials that were previously treated under high temperature-dilute acid conditions, thereby enhancing the release of more glucose sugars for bioethanol production.
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Regmi S, Choi YS, Kim YK, Khan MM, Lee SH, Cho SS, Jin YY, Lee DY, Yoo JC, Suh JW. Endoglucanase Produced by Bacillus subtilis Strain CBS31: Biochemical Characterization, Thermodynamic Study, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Bio-industrial Applications. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Industrial attributes of β-glucanase produced by Bacillus sp. CSB55 and its potential application as bio-industrial catalyst. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:249-259. [PMID: 31555900 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucanase produced from Bacillus sp. CSB55 not only depicts the potent industrial characteristics but also relates as bio-industrial catalyst supporting the spontaneous formation of the products, high hydrolytic efficiency, and feasibility of the enzymatic reaction. A homogeneous β-glucanase (GluB55) was purified via various purification processes resulting in 11.69% yield and 14.24-fold purity. Biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme revealed the molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa, which was verified by zymography. The optimum activity of GluB55 was determined at pH 7.2 and 55 °C. GluB55 could highly hydrolyze carboxymethylcellulose and was stable over a wide range of pH, retaining more than 70% residual activity at pH 5.8-11.0 and carried 100% thermostability as high as 60 °C. In addition, it showed 68% residual activity at 70 °C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of GluB55 was Ala-Asn-Pro-Glu-Leu-Val-Asn-X-Gln-Ala-X-X-Ala-X-Gln-Gly. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Co2+ (158.6%), Zn2+ (211.1%), Mn2+ (264.4%), and Ba2+ (211.4%). Enzyme kinetics showed Km and Vmax values of 0.022 mg mL-1 and 994.56 ± 3.72 U mg-1, respectively. Q10 was calculated to be 1.12. ∆H, ∆G, and ∆S were low revealing that the formation of the transition phase and conversion to the product is very well organized. The lower the free energy change (∆G), the more feasible is the reaction.
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Effects of mutations of non-catalytic aromatic residues on substrate specificity of Bacillus licheniformis endocellulase cel12A. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aich S, Singh RK, Kundu P, Pandey SP, Datta S. Genome-wide characterization of cellulases from the hemi-biotrophic plant pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana, reveals the presence of a highly stable GH7 endoglucanase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:135. [PMID: 28559926 PMCID: PMC5445349 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolaris sorokiniana is a filamentous fungus that causes spot blotch disease in cereals like wheat and has severe economic consequences. However, information on the identities and role of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) in B. sorokiniana is very limited. Several fungi produce CWDE like glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that help in host cell invasion. To understand the role of these CWDE in B. sorokiniana, the first step is to identify and annotate all possible genes of the GH families like GH3, GH6, GH7, GH45 and AA9 and then characterize them biochemically. RESULTS We confirmed and annotated the homologs of GH3, GH6, GH7, GH45 and AA9 enzymes in the B. sorokiniana genome using the sequence and domain features of these families. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of these homologs revealed that the transcripts of the BsGH7-3 (3rd homolog of the GH 7 family in B. sorokiniana) were most abundant. BsGH7-3, the gene of BsGH7-3, was thus cloned into pPICZαC Pichia pastoris vector and expressed in X33 P. pastoris host to be characterized. BsGH7-3 enzyme showed a temperature optimum of 60 °C and a pHopt of 8.1. BsGH7-3 was identified to be an endoglucanase based on its broad substrate specificity and structural comparisons with other such endoglucanases. BsGH7-3 has a very long half-life and retains 100% activity even in the presence of 4 M NaCl, 4 M KCl and 20% (v/v) ionic liquids. The enzyme activity is stimulated up to fivefold in the presence of Mn+2 and Fe+2 without any deleterious effects on enzyme thermostability. CONCLUSIONS Here we reanalysed the B. sorokiniana genome and selected one GH7 enzyme for further characterization. The present work demonstrates that BsGH7-3 is an endoglucanase with a long half-life and no loss in activity in the presence of denaturants like salt and ionic liquids, and lays the foundation towards exploring the Bipolaris genome for other cell wall-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Aich
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Ravi K. Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Pritha Kundu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Shree P. Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Supratim Datta
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
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An extracellular yellow laccase with potent dye decolorizing ability from the fungus Leucoagaricus naucinus LAC-04. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:837-842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Montoro BP, Benomar N, Lavilla Lerma L, Castillo Gutiérrez S, Gálvez A, Abriouel H. Fermented Aloreña Table Olives as a Source of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus pentosus Strains. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1583. [PMID: 27774088 PMCID: PMC5054007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of 31 Lactobacillus pentosus strains isolated from naturally fermented Aloreña green table olives were screened in depth in the present study for their probiotic potential. Several strains could be considered promising probiotic candidates since they showed good growth capacity and survival under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions (acidic pH of 1.5, up to 4% of bile salts and 5 mM of nitrate), good ability to auto-aggregate which may facilitate their adhesion to host cells as multiple aggregates and the subsequent displacement of pathogens. Moreover, co-aggregation of lactobacilli with pathogenic bacteria was shown with Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Enteritidis as good defense strategy against gut and food pathogens. Furthermore, they exhibited adherence to intestinal and vaginal cell lines, such property could be reinforced by their capacity of biofilm formation which is also important in food matrices such as the olive surface. Their antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria by means of acids and plantaricins, and also their different functional properties may determine their efficacy not only in the gastro-intestinal tract but also in food matrices. Besides their ability to ferment several prebiotics, the new evidence in the present study was their capacity to ferment lactose which reinforces their use in different food matrices including dairy as a dietary adjunct to improve lactose digestibility. Lactobacillus pentosus CF2-10N was selected to have the best probiotic profile being of great interest in further studies. In conclusion, spontaneous fermented Aloreña table olives are considered a natural source of potential probiotic L. pentosus to be included as adjunct functional cultures in different fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pérez Montoro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Leyre Lavilla Lerma
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo Gutiérrez
- Área de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de JaénJaén, Spain
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Vijayaraghavan P, Prakash Vincent SG, Dhillon GS. Solid-substrate bioprocessing of cow dung for the production of carboxymethyl cellulase by Bacillus halodurans IND18. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:513-520. [PMID: 26459187 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) by Bacillus halodurans IND18 under solid substrate fermentation (SSF) using cow dung was optimized through two level full factorial design and second order response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the vital fermentation parameters, such as pH of the substrate, concentration of nitrogen source (peptone) and ion (sodium dihydrogen phosphate) sources in medium for achieving higher enzyme production. The optimum medium composition was found to be 1.46% (w/w) peptone, 0.095% (w/w) sodium dihydrogen phosphate and pH 8.0. The model prediction of 4210IU/g enzyme activity at optimum conditions was verified experimentally as 4140IU/g. The enzyme was active over a broad temperature range (40-60±1°C) and pH (7.0-9.0) with maximal activity at 60±1°C and pH 8.0. This study demonstrated the potential of cow dung as novel substrate for CMCase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vijayaraghavan
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam 629 502, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S G Prakash Vincent
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam 629 502, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G S Dhillon
- Professional Biologist (ASPB), Edmonton, AB T6E 2E3, Canada
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Champasri C, Champasri T, Woranam K. Purification, Biochemical Characterization of a Macrotermes gilvus Cellulase and Zymogram Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2015.190.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh K, Richa K, Bose H, Karthik L, Kumar G, Bhaskara Rao KV. Statistical media optimization and cellulase production from marine Bacillus VITRKHB. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:591-598. [PMID: 28324307 PMCID: PMC4235885 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Bacillus species are potent producers
of novel enzymes. Marine Bacillus VITRKHB was
observed to be efficient for cellulolytic activity. It was employed for the
production of extracellular cellulase. Cellulase was partially purified to 1.6-fold
in a stepwise manner by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and DEAE ion
exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of purified protein was found to be
about 33 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Its specific activity was recorded as 1.92 IU/mg. The
effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on cellulase production was
investigated. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the fermentation media
containing xylose as carbon source and beef extract as nitrogen source. The combined
interactive effect of different variables on cellulase production was studied by
response surface methodology. The optimized combination of variables for maximum
enzyme activity was determined as; xylose 5.0 %, beef extract 6.9 %, pH 7.83, NaCl
1.17, and temperature 25.84 °C, after 24 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Singh
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumari Richa
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himadri Bose
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Karthik
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Isolation, screening, and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from natural reserves in the subtropical region of China and optimization of cellulase production by Paenibacillus terrae ME27-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:512497. [PMID: 25050355 PMCID: PMC4090499 DOI: 10.1155/2014/512497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From different natural reserves in the subtropical region of China, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. Of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after Congo-red staining. Molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with the Burkholderia genus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36% of all the 22 strains. Three isolates among the 22 strains showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, and isolate ME27-1 exhibited the highest CMCase activity in liquid culture. The strain ME27-1 was identified as Paenibacillus terrae on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase activity produced by the strain ME27-1 were 5.5 and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at a wide pH range of 5.0–9.5. A 12-fold improvement in the CMCase activity (2.08 U/mL) of ME27-1 was obtained under optimal conditions for CMCase production. Thus, this study provided further information about the diversity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the subtropical region of China and found P. terrae ME27-1 to be highly cellulolytic.
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Reducing values: dinitrosalicylate gives over-oxidation and invalid results whereas copper bicinchoninate gives no over-oxidation and valid results. Carbohydr Res 2013; 380:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Characterization of a novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Armillaria gemina and its application in biomass hydrolysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:661-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Abriouel H, Benomar N, Cobo A, Caballero N, Fernández Fuentes MÁ, Pérez-Pulido R, Gálvez A. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from naturally-fermented Manzanilla Aloreña green table olives. Food Microbiol 2012; 32:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Gupta V, Prasanna R, Chaudhary V, Nain L. Biochemical, structural and functional characterization of two novel antifungal endoglucanases from Anabaena laxa. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Iqbal HMN, Kamal S, Ahmed I, Naveed MT. Enhanced bio-catalytic and tolerance properties of an indigenous cellulase through xerogel immobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.34044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Iqbal HMN, Ahmed I, Zia MA, Irfan M. Purification and characterization of the kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from wheat straw by Trichoderma viride under SSF and its detergent compatibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2011.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Yin LJ, Huang PS, Lin HH. Isolation of cellulase-producing bacteria and characterization of the cellulase from the isolated bacterium Cellulomonas sp. YJ5. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9833-9837. [PMID: 20687562 DOI: 10.1021/jf1019104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A cellulase-producing bacterium was isolated from soil and identified as Cellulomonas sp. YJ5. Maximal cellulase activity was obtained after 48 h of incubation at 30 degrees C in a medium containing 1.0% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 1.0% algae powder, 1.0% peptone, 0.24% (NH4)2SO4, 0.20% K2HPO4, and 0.03% MgSO(4).7H2O. The cellulase was purified after Sephacryl S-100 chromatography twice with a recovery of 27.9% and purification fold of 17.5. It was, with N-terminal amino acids of AGTKTPVAK, stable at pH 7.5-10.5 and 20-50 degrees C with optimal pH and temperature of 7.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, and SDS highly inhibited, but cysteine and beta-mercaptoethanol activated, its activity. Substrate specificity indicated it to be an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Yin
- Department of Sea Food Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142 Hai-Chuan Road, Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung 81143, Taiwan.
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Purification and characterization of a thermostable endo-β-1,4-glucanase from a novel strain of Penicillium purpurogenum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Jeya M, Joo AR, Lee KM, Sim WI, Oh DK, Kim YS, Kim IW, Lee JK. Characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase from a novel strain of Penicillium pinophilum KMJ601. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1005-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Catalytic and thermodynamic characterization of endoglucanase (CMCase) from Aspergillus oryzae cmc-1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:483-97. [PMID: 18704277 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric extracellular endoglucanase (25 kDa) of transgenic koji (Aspergillus oryzae cmc-1) produced under submerged growth condition (7.5 U mg(-1) protein) was purified to homogeneity level by ammonium sulfate precipitation and various column chromatography on fast protein liquid chromatography system. Activation energy for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrolysis was 3.32 kJ mol(-1) at optimum temperature (55 degrees C), and its temperature quotient (Q (10)) was 1.0. The enzyme was stable over a pH range of 4.1-5.3 and gave maximum activity at pH 4.4. V (max) for CMC hydrolysis was 854 U mg(-1) protein and K (m) was 20 mg CMC ml(-1). The turnover (k (cat)) was 356 s(-1). The pK (a1) and pK (a2) of ionisable groups of active site controlling V (max) were 3.9 and 6.25, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters for CMC hydrolysis were as follows: DeltaH* = 0.59 kJ mol(-1), DeltaG* = 64.57 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS* = -195.05 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. Activation energy for irreversible inactivation 'E (a(d))' of the endoglucanase was 378 kJ mol(-1), whereas enthalpy (DeltaH*), Gibbs free energy (DeltaG*) and entropy (DeltaS*) of activation at 44 degrees C were 375.36 kJ mol(-1), 111.36 kJ mol(-1) and 833.06 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively.
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26
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Kinetics and thermodynamics of a novel endoglucanase (CMCase) from Gymnoascella citrina produced under solid-state condition. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:515-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Robles A, Lucas R, Martı́nez-Cañamero M, Ben Omar N, Pérez R, Gálvez A. Characterisation of laccase activity produced by the hyphomycete Chalara (syn. Thielaviopsis) paradoxa CH32. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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