1
|
Green B, Aroh B, Fiorellino NM, Ristvey AG, Volkis VV. Effect of Cultural Management and Plant Age on the Yield, °Brix, and Antioxidant Content of Aronia mitschurinii Grown in Maryland. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4060-4071. [PMID: 36743073 PMCID: PMC9893470 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aronia mitschurinii is a fruiting plant that has the potential of becoming the next-generation superfood. The fruit contains high concentrations of flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins, which are known to be powerful antioxidants. The fruit is regarded for its potential to treat oxidative stress diseases like cancer. Recent studies have proven that this fruit contains significantly more antioxidants than the açai berry and even 40 times more than tomatoes. Here, we report results for developing and optimizing the horticultural management program for growing aronia on Maryland small farms to produce the crop with the highest possible antioxidant capacity, based on observations since 2009. This was achieved by analyzing how plant age, fertilizers, mineral soil amendments, and other factors like disease and pest pressure affect the antioxidant content. This data can help in improving sustainability of local farm businesses by providing them with new alternative and highly profitable crops to grow and process. Analysis and comparison of the fruit yield, soluble sugar content (°Brix), pH, total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, and total flavonoids of aronia based on two treatment levels of nitrogen fertilizer (3 g N plant-1 year-1 vs 14 g plant-1 year-1) and conventional and organic-based nitrogen are presented. Plants were fertilized with either 127 g (rows A and C) or 27 g (rows B and D) of Bartlett's Boost Natural at the base of each plant. This equated to 14 and 3 g of N, respectively. Average yields of plants given 14 g of organic N were only significantly higher than those given only 3 g of conventional N but not organic N. The yield in all plants increased year by year from 2009 and until 2019 and slightly decreased in 2020. Even though an increase in the anthocyanin content was noted for a lower N rate, the higher N rate would have produced more fruit and hence more anthocyanin per hectare. A higher nitrogen (N) rate positively affected the yield, but not always the phytochemical content. Organic N did not have a positive effect on the phytochemical content. Additionally, we report the cyanide content of aronia fruit in comparison to other fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breann
V. Green
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland
Eastern Shore, Princess
Anne, Maryland21853, United States
| | - Blessing Aroh
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland
Eastern Shore, Princess
Anne, Maryland21853, United States
| | - Nicole M. Fiorellino
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Andrew G. Ristvey
- Department
of Extension, University of Maryland College
Park, Queenstown, Maryland21658, United States
| | - Victoria V. Volkis
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland
Eastern Shore, Princess
Anne, Maryland21853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fonseca AM, Geraldi MV, Junior MRM, Silvestre AJ, Rocha SM. Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis): A comprehensive review on the nutritional value, phytochemical profile and associated health effects. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
3
|
Shi Q, Wu ST, Shen L, Zhou T, Xu H, Wang ZY, Yang XJ, Huang YL, Zhang QL. A Turn-On Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cyanide Ion Detection in Real Water Samples. Front Chem 2022; 10:923149. [PMID: 35923259 PMCID: PMC9339681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.923149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a novel simple colorimetric fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Probe 5-(4-(diphenylamine)phenyl) thiophen-2-formaldehyde W exhibited a turn-on fluorescent response to cyanide ion (CN−), which induces distinct visual color changes. Probe W exhibited a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescence response for the detection of CN− over a wide pH range (4–11) and in the presence of common interferents. The linear detection of CN− over the concentration range of 4.00–38.00 µM (R2 = 0.9916, RSD = 0.02) was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectrometry (UV-Vis) with the limit of detection determined to be 0.48 µM. The linear detection of CN− over the concentration range of 8.00–38.00 µM was examined by fluorescence spectrophotometry (R2 = 0.99086, RSD = 0.031), and the detection limit was found to be 68.00 nM. The sensing mechanisms were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and HRMS. Importantly, probe W was found to show rapid response, high selectivity, and sensitivity for cyanide anions in real water samples, over the range of 100.17∼100.86% in artificial lake water and 100.54∼101.64% in running water by UV-Vis absorption spectrometry, and over the range of 99.42∼100.71% in artificial lake water and 100.59∼101.17% in running water by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Importantly, this work provides a simple and effective approach which uses an economically cheap and uncomplicated synthetic route for the selective, sensitive, and quantitative detection of CN− ions in systems relevant to the environment and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shi
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shou-Ting Wu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xian-Jiong Yang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi-Long Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dewi NK, Putra IB, Jusuf NK. Passion fruit purple variant (
Passiflora edulis Sims var. edulis
) seeds extract 10% cream in acne vulgaris treatment: an open‐label pilot study. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1506-1512. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nani K. Dewi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia
| | - Imam B. Putra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia
| | - Nelva K. Jusuf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He X, Luan F, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Fang J, Wang M, Zuo M, Li Y. Passiflora edulis: An Insight Into Current Researches on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:617. [PMID: 32508631 PMCID: PMC7251050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora edulis, also known as passion fruit, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and becomes popular because of balanced nutrition and health benefits. Currently, more than 110 phytochemical constituents have been found and identified from the different plant parts of P. edulis in which flavonoids and triterpenoids held the biggest share. Various extracts, fruit juice and isolated compounds showed a wide range of health effects and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic activities, and so forth. Daily consumption of passion fruit at common doses is non-toxic and safe. P. edulis has great potential development and the vast future application for this economically important crop worldwide, and it is in great demand as a fresh product or a formula for food, health care products or medicines. This mini-review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on physiochemical features, nutritional benefits, biological activities, toxicity, and potential applications of leaves, stems, fruits, and peels of P. edulis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Manhua Zuo
- Department of Nursing, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doungue HT, Kengne APN, Kuate D. Neuroprotective effect and antioxidant activity of Passiflora edulis fruit flavonoid fraction, aqueous extract, and juice in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Motojima F, Nuylert A, Asano Y. The crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyase from passion fruit, Passiflora edulis. FEBS J 2017; 285:313-324. [PMID: 29155493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are enzymes used in the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins. The HNL from Passiflora edulis (PeHNL) is R-selective and is the smallest HNL known to date. The crystal structures of PeHNL and its C-terminal peptide depleted derivative were determined by molecular replacement method using the template structure of a heat stable protein, SP1, from Populus tremula at 2.8 and 1.8 Å resolution, respectively. PeHNL belongs to dimeric α+β barrel superfamily consisting of a central β-barrel in the middle of a dimer. The structure of PeHNL complexed with (R)-mandelonitrile ((R)-MAN) was also determined. The hydroxyl group of (R)-MAN forms hydrogen bonds with His8 and Tyr30 in the active site, whereas the nitrile group is oriented toward the carboxyl group of Glu54, unlike other HNLs, where it interacts with basic residues typically. The results of mutational analysis indicate that the catalytic dyad of His8-Asn101 is critical for the enzymatic reaction. The length of the hydrogen bond between His-Nδ1 and Asn101-Oδ1 is short in the PeHNL-(R)-MAN complex (~ 2.6 Å), which would increase the basicity of His8 to abstract a proton from the hydroxyl group of (R)-MAN. The cyanide ion released from the nitrile group abstracts a proton from the protonated His8 to generate a hydrogen cyanide. Thus, the His8 in the active site of PeHNL acts both as a general acid and a general base in the reaction. ENZYMES EC 4.1.2.10 DATABASE: Structural data are available in PDB database under the accession numbers 5XZQ, 5XZT, and 5Y02.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Motojima
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan.,Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Japan
| | - Aem Nuylert
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan.,Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, Imizu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Legras JL, Chuzel G, Arnaud A, Galzy P. Natural nitriles and their metabolism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 6:83-108. [PMID: 24429979 DOI: 10.1007/bf01200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/1989] [Accepted: 10/15/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present work reviews the numerous nitrile compounds that have been isolated from plants and animals. Two kinds of potentially toxic molecules are widespread, namely the cyanogenic glycosides and cyanollpids. Many other aromatic and allphatic nitriles are synthesized to a lesser extent. Different studies on the synthesis and degradation of these cyanogenic compounds are also reviewed to emphasize the potential use of different microorganisms for the detoxification of food and foodstuff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Legras
- ENSA-INRA, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cressey P, Saunders D, Goodman J. Cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in New Zealand. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1946-53. [PMID: 23984870 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.825819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides occur in a wide range of plant species. The potential toxicity of cyanogenic glycosides arises from enzymatic degradation to produce hydrogen cyanide, which may result in acute cyanide poisoning and has also been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases. One hundred retail foods were sampled and analysed for the presence of total hydrocyanic acid using an acid hydrolysis-isonicotinic/barbituric acid colourimetric method. Food samples included cassava, bamboo shoots, almonds and almond products, pome fruit products, flaxseed/linseed, stone fruit products, lima beans, and various seeds and miscellaneous products, including taro leaves, passion fruit, spinach and canned stuffed vine leaves. The concentrations of total hydrocyanic acid (the hydrocyanic acid equivalents of all cyanogenic compounds) found were consistent with or lower than concentrations reported in the scientific literature. Linseed/flaxseed contained the highest concentrations of total hydrocyanic acid of any of the analysed foods (91-178 mg kg(-1)). Linseed-containing breads were found to contain total hydrocyanic acid at concentrations expected from their linseed content, indicating little impact of processing on the total hydrocyanic acid content. Simulation modelling was used to assess the risk due to the total hydrocyanic acid in fruit juice and linseed-containing bread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cressey
- a Food Programme, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) , Christchurch Science Centre , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miller RE, Tuck KL. Reports on the distribution of aromatic cyanogenic glycosides in Australian tropical rainforest tree species of the Lauraceae and Sapindaceae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 92:146-152. [PMID: 23642385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aromatic cyanogenic glycosides taxiphyllin [(R)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile β-D-glucoside] and prunasin [(R)-mandelonitrile β-D-glucoside] were identified as the main cyanogenic compounds in tissues of Australian endemic tropical rainforest tree taxa in the Lauraceae and Sapindaceae families, respectively. The tyrosine-derived taxiphyllin was the main cyanogenic glycoside in foliage of Beilschmiedia collina. This is the first reported cyanogenic compound from the Lauraceae. In addition, substantial quantitative variation in the capacity for cyanogenesis was detected in leaves from 40 individuals, with taxiphyllin concentrations ranging from 23 to 1263 μg CN g(-1) dry wt. No acyanogenic individuals were detected. Concentrations of taxiphyllin were, on average, 2.2-fold greater in young leaves than in old leaves. Prunasin was the dominant cyanogenic compound in tissues of Mischocarpus grandissimus (leaves) and Mischocarpus exangulatus (leaves and seed capsule). Better known for cyanolipids in seed oils, this is the first time a phenylalanine-derived cyanogenic glycoside has been reported in the Sapindaceae. The concentrations of prunasin varied widely, over an order of magnitude, among individuals and different tissue types in these species, with the higher concentrations found in seed capsules and young leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neuropharmacological Activity of the Pericarp of Passiflora edulis flavicarpa Degener: Putative Involvement of C-Glycosylflavonoids. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:967-75. [DOI: 10.3181/0902-rm-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora edulis has been used in traditional medicine as a sedative and to treat or prevent central disorders such as anxiety and insomnia. In this study, the central effects of the aqueous extract (AE), the butanolic fraction (BF), and the aqueous residual fraction (ARF) obtained from the pericarp of P. edulis flavicarpa were investigated in mice and the possible compounds involved in these putative neuropharmacologic effects were determined. AE, BF, and ARF increased the total time spent in the light compartment of the light:dark box, an anxiolytic-like effect, and AE also potentiated the hypnotic effects of ethyl ether, a sedative effect. The thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the predominance of C-glycosylflavonoids in these extracts and fractions, which were identified as isoorientin, vicenin-2, spinosin, and 6,8-di- C-glycosylchrysin.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vernaza G, Matsuura FCAU, Chang YK, Steel CJ. Effect of Some Extrusion Variables on Residual Quantity of Cyanogenic Compounds in an Organic Breakfast Cereal Containing Passion Fruit Fiber. Cereal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-86-3-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vernaza
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6121, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yoon K. Chang
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6121, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline J. Steel
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6121, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Phone: +55-19-3521-4004. Fax: +55-4-19-3289-3617. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ulbricht C, Basch E, Boon H, Karpa KD, Gianutsos G, Nummy K, Seamon E, Smith M, Sollars D, Tanguay-Colucci S, Varghese M, Weissner W, Woods J. An evidence-based systematic review of passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2008; 5:310-40. [PMID: 22432466 DOI: 10.1080/19390210802414360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Montanher AB, Zucolotto SM, Schenkel EP, Fröde TS. Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of Passiflora edulis in an inflammation model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:281-8. [PMID: 16949230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The popular medicine Passiflora edulis has been used as a sedative, tranquilizer, against cutaneous inflammatory diseases and intermittent fever. Most of the pharmacological investigations of Passiflora edulis have been addressed to its Central Nervous System activities, such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative actions. Otherwise, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of the Passiflora species. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous lyophilized extract obtained from leaves of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener (Passifloraceae) in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin, histamine or substance P, observing the effects upon leucocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels. RESULTS Passiflora edulis (250mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited the leukocyte, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels (P<0.01) in the pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Passiflora edulis (250-500mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine or substance P (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta), enzyme (myeloperoxidase) and mediators (bradykinin, histamine, substance P, nitric oxide) release and/or action, appear to account for Passiflora edulis's actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Montanher
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miller RE, Jensen R, Woodrow IE. Frequency of cyanogenesis in tropical rainforests of far north Queensland, Australia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2006; 97:1017-44. [PMID: 16520340 PMCID: PMC2803397 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant cyanogenesis is the release of toxic cyanide from endogenous cyanide-containing compounds, typically cyanogenic glycosides. Despite a large body of phytochemical, taxonomic and ecological work on cyanogenic species, little is known of their frequency in natural plant communities. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of cyanogenesis in Australian tropical rainforests. Secondary aims were to quantify the cyanogenic glycoside content of tissues, to investigate intra-plant and intra-population variation in cyanogenic glycoside concentration and to appraise the potential chemotaxonomic significance of any findings in relation to the distribution of cyanogenesis in related taxa. METHODS All species in six 200 m(2) plots at each of five sites across lowland, upland and highland tropical rainforest were screened for cyanogenesis using Feigl-Anger indicator papers. The concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides were accurately determined for all cyanogenic individuals. KEY RESULTS Over 400 species from 87 plant families were screened. Overall, 18 species (4.5 %) were cyanogenic, accounting for 7.3 % of total stem basal area. Cyanogenesis has not previously been reported for 17 of the 18 species, 13 of which are endemic to Australia. Several species belong to plant families or orders in which cyanogenesis has been little reported, if at all (e.g. Elaeocarpaceae, Myrsinaceae, Araliaceae and Lamiaceae). A number of species contained concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides among the highest ever reported for mature leaves-up to 5.2 mg CN g(-1) d. wt, for example, in leaves of Elaeocarpus sericopetalus. There was significant variation in cyanogenic glycoside concentration within individuals; young leaves and reproductive tissues typically had higher cyanogen content. In addition, there was substantial variation in cyanogenic glycoside content within populations of single species. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the limited knowledge of the frequency of cyanogenesis in natural plant communities, includes novel reports of cyanogenesis among a range of taxa and characterizes patterns in intra-plant and intra-population variation of cyanogensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Miller
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miller RE, Simon J, Woodrow IE. Cyanogenesis in the Australian tropical rainforest endemic Brombya platynema (Rutaceae): chemical characterisation and polymorphism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2006; 33:477-486. [PMID: 32689254 DOI: 10.1071/fp05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined two aspects of cyanogenesis in Brombya platynema F. Muell. (Rutaceae), a subcanopy tree endemic to tropical rainforest in far north Queensland, Australia. First, cyanogenic glycosides in foliage were fractionated and identified. The rare meta-hydroxylated cyanogenic glycoside, holocalin, was identified as the principal cyanogen, and traces of prunasin and amygdalin were detected. This is the first characterisation of cyanogenic constituents within the genus, and to the authors' knowledge, only the third within the Rutaceae, and the order Rutales. Second, variation in cyanogenic glycoside content within a population of B. platynema in lowland tropical rainforest was quantified. Both qualitative and quantitative polymorphism for cyanogenesis was identified. Interestingly, ~57% of individuals were considered acyanogenic, with concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides less than 8 μg CN g-1 DW. Among cyanogenic individuals there was substantial quantitative variation in cyanogenic glycoside concentration, which varied from 10.5 to 1285.9 μg CN g-1 DW. This high frequency of acyanogenic individuals is contrasted with the apparent absence of the acyanogenesis among populations of other tropical rainforest tree species. In the high herbivory environment of the tropical rainforest, this frequency of acyanogenesis among cyanogenic tropical tree taxa is unique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Miller
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Judy Simon
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Ian E Woodrow
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seigler DS, Pauli GF, Nahrstedt A, Leen R. Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 60:873-882. [PMID: 12150815 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leaf and stem material of Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae) contains the new cyanogenic glycosides (2R)-beta-D-allopyranosyloxy-2-phenylacetonitrile (1a) and (2S)-beta-D-allopyranosyloxy-2-phenylacetonitrile (1b), along with smaller amounts of (2R)-prunasin (2a), sambunigrin (2b), and the alloside of benzyl alcohol (4); the major cyanogens of the fruits are (2R)-prunasin (2a) and (2S)-sambunigrin (2b). The major cyanogenic glycoside of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) is 2a; only small amounts of 2b also are present. We were not able to confirm the presence of a cyclopentenoid cyanogenic glycoside, tetraphyllin B, in Carica papaya leaf and stem materials. In detailed 1H NMR studies of 1a/b and 2a/b, differences in higher order effects in glucosides and allosides proved to be valuable for assignment of structures in this series. The diagnostic chemical shifts of cyanogenic methine and anomeric protons in 1a/b are sensitive to anisotropic environmental effects. The assignment of C-2 stereochemistry of 1a/b was made in analogy to previous assignments in the glucoside series and was supported by GLC analysis of the TMS ethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jaroszewski JW, Olafsdottir ES, Wellendorph P, Christensen J, Franzyk H, Somanadhan B, Budnik BA, Jørgensen LB, Clausen V. Cyanohydrin glycosides of Passiflora: distribution pattern, a saturated cyclopentane derivative from P. guatemalensis, and formation of pseudocyanogenic alpha-hydroxyamides as isolation artefacts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 59:501-511. [PMID: 11853745 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) were examined for the presence of cyanogenic glycosides. Passibiflorin, a bisglycoside containing the 6-deoxy-beta-D-gulopyranosyl residue, was isolated from P. apetala, P. biflora, P. cuneata, P. indecora, P. murucuja and P. perfoliata. In some cases this glycoside co-occurs with simple beta-D-glucopyranosides: tetraphyllin A, deidaclin, tetraphyllin B, volkenin, epivolkenin and taraktophyllin. P. citrina contains passicapsin, a rare glycoside with the 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl moiety, while P. herbertiana contains tetraphyllin A, deidaclin, epivolkenin and taraktophyllin, P. discophora tetraphyllin B and volkenin, and P. x violacea tetraphyllin B sulfate. The remaining species were noncyanogenic. The glycosides were identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy following isolation by reversed-phase preparative HPLC. From P. guatemalensis, a new glucoside named passiguatemalin was isolated and identified as a 1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile. An isomeric glycoside was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of gynocardin. alpha-Hydroxyamides corresponding to the cyanogenic glycosides were isolated from several Passiflora species. These alpha-hydroxyamides, presumably formed during processing of the plant material, behave as cyanogenic compounds when treated with commercial Helix pomatia crude enzyme preparation. Thus, the enzyme preparation appears to contain an amide dehydratase, which converts alpha-hydroxyamides to cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide; this finding is of interest in connection with analysis of plant tissues and extracts using Helix pomatia enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy W Jaroszewski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Christensen J, Jaroszewski JW. Natural glycosides containing allopyranose from the passion fruit plant and circular dichroism of benzaldehyde cyanohydrin glycosides. Org Lett 2001; 3:2193-5. [PMID: 11440577 DOI: 10.1021/ol016044+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Leaves of the edible passion fruit plant, Passiflora edulis, contain benzylic beta-D-allopyranosides 1 and 2, representatives of a rare class of natural glycosides with D-allose as the only sugar constituent. The glycoside 1 is the first known cyanogenic glycoside containing a sugar different from D-glucose attached directly to the cyanohydrin center. Asymmetric perturbation of the (1)L(b) transition of the benzene chromophore was shown to be useful for determination of absolute configuration of the cyanohydrin center of aromatic cyanogenic glycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
A disproportionately large number of the most important human food plants is cyanogenic. The accumulated research of numerous people working in several different disciplines now allows a tenable explanation for this observation. Cyanogenesis by plants is not only a surprisingly effective chemical defence against casual herbivores, but it is also easily overcome by careful pre-ingestion food processing, this latter skill being almost exclusive to humans. Moreover, humans have the physiological ability to detoxify cyanide satisfactorily, given an adequate protein diet. It appears that early in the domestication of crop plants the cyanogenic species would have been relatively free of pests and competitive herbivores, as well as having good nutritional qualities, and thus ideal candidates for cultivation by the first farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Jones
- Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chassagne D, Crouzet J, Bayonove CL, Brillouet JM, Baumes RL. 6-O-alpha-L-Arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides as aroma precursors from passion fruit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1996; 41:1497-1500. [PMID: 8722087 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The 6-O-alpha-L-Arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides of linalool, benzyl alcohol and 3-methyl-but-2-en-1-ol were isolated from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) by adsorption chromatography on XAD-2 resin, then further extracted on the same resin after partial enzymic hydrolysis and semi-preparative chromatography on RP-18 phase by HPLC. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectral analysis and by methylation analysis of the carbohydrate moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chassagne
- Laboratoire de Génie Biologique et Sciences des Aliments, Université de Montpellier II, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chassagne D, Crouzet J, Baumes RL, Lepoutre JP, Bayonove CL. Determination of trifluoroacetylated glycosides by gas chromatography coupled to methane negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Adsersen A, Adsersen H, Brimer L. Cyanogenic constituents in plants from the Galápagos Islands. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(88)90120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Orsini F, Verotta L. Separation of natural polar substances by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, centrifugal thin-layer chromatography and droplet counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
26
|
Inhibition of Cyanogenesis by tannins. J Chem Ecol 1985; 11:847-58. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1984] [Accepted: 10/10/1984] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Spencer KC, Seigler DS. Co-occurrence of Valine/Isoleucine-derived and cyclopentenoid cyanogens in a Passiflora species. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(85)90039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|