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Li H, Peng L, Yin F, Fang J, Cai L, Zhang C, Xiang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Sheng H, Wang D, Zhang X, Liang Z. Research on Coix seed as a food and medicinal resource, it's chemical components and their pharmacological activities: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117309. [PMID: 37858750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Romanet du Caillaud) Stapf is a plant of the genus Coix in the Gramineae family. Coix seed is cultivated in various regions throughout China. In recent years, with the research on the medicinal value of Coix seed, it has received more and more widespread attention from people. Numerous pharmacological effects of Coix seed have been demonstrated through modern pharmacological studies, such as hypoglycemia, improving liver function, anti-tumor, regulating intestinal microbiota, improving spleen function, and anti-inflammatory effects. AIMS OF THE STUDY This article is a literature review. In recent years, despite the extensive research on Coix seed, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of its traditional usage, medicinal resources, chemical components, and pharmacological effects is still lacking. To fill this gap, the paper provides an overview of the latest research progress on Coix seed, aiming to offer guidance and references for its further development and comprehensive utilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS To gather information on the traditional usage, phytochemical ingredients, and pharmacological properties of Coix seed, we conducted a literature search using both Chinese and English languages in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Springer. RESULTS This article is a literature review. The chemical constituents of Coix seed include various fatty acids, esters, polysaccharides, sterols, alkaloids, triterpenes, tocopherols, lactams, lignans, phenols, flavonoids and other constituents. Modern pharmacological research has indeed shown that Coix seed has many pharmacological effects and is a natural anti-tumor drug. In addition to its anti-tumor effect, it also has pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemia, improving liver function, regulating intestinal microbiota, improving spleen function, and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a brief overview of the traditional uses, biotechnological applications, chemical components, and pharmacological effects of Coix seed. It highlights the importance of establishing quality standards, discovering new active ingredients, and exploring pharmacological mechanisms in Coix seed research. The article also emphasizes the significance of clinical trials, toxicology studies, pharmacokinetics data, and multidisciplinary collaboration for further advancements in this field. Overall, it aims to enhance understanding of Coix seed and its potential in pharmaceutical development and wellness products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lingxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lietao Cai
- R&D Center of Kanglaite, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | | | - Zheng Xiang
- Medical School, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuifeng Zhang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., LTD, Hanghzou, 310018, China
| | - Huadong Sheng
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., LTD, Hanghzou, 310018, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Yin X, Zhu WQ, Zhou YQ, Hu RH, Wei X, Feng TT, Zhou Y. Two new amides from the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3499-3504. [PMID: 35707908 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2089669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, including two new structures, coixdines A-B (1-2) and six known compounds (3-8). The structures of these compounds were determined by 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra referring to the literatures, together with HR-MS analysis. Coixdine A and B are first examples of spermidine skeleton in genus Coix. In the present paper, all compounds were evaluated for the cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines (CT-26 and BxPC-3) in vitro, and none of the compounds exhibited obvious cytotoxic activity. The present investigation suggests that these amides seem to be of great chemotaxonomic value for C. lacryma-jobi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Research Center for Application and Development of Medicine and Food Dual-use Resources, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Research Center for Application and Development of Medicine and Food Dual-use Resources, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Rui-Hang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Research Center for Application and Development of Medicine and Food Dual-use Resources, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
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Anti-inflammatory alkaloids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Tewari M, Mahawer SK, Kumar R, Prakash O. A comparative study of selected vitex species for phenolics estimation along with their antioxidant and herbicidal activities. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zeng Y, Yang J, Chen J, Pu X, Li X, Yang X, Yang L, Ding Y, Nong M, Zhang S, He J. Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154808. [PMID: 35956759 PMCID: PMC9369982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal and food homologous adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) plays an important role in natural products promoting human health. We demonstrated the systematic actional mechanism of functional ingredients in adlay to promote human health, based on the PubMed, CNKI, Google, and ISI Web of Science databases from 1988 to 2022. Adlay and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients with more than 20 health effects based on human and animal or cell cultures: they are anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, liver protective, anti-virus, gastroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-hypertension, heart disease preventive, melanogenesis inhibiting, anti-allergy, endocrine regulating, anti-diabetes, anti-cachexia, osteoporosis preventive, analgesic, neuroprotecting, suitable for the treatment of gout arthritis, life extending, anti-fungi, and detoxifying effects. Function components with anti-oxidants are rich in adlay. These results support the notion that adlay seeds may be one of the best functional foods and further reveal the action mechanism of six major functional ingredients (oils, polysaccharides, phenols, phytosterols, coixol, and resistant starch) for combating diseases. This review paper not only reveals the action mechanisms of adding adlay to the diet to overcome 17 human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional foods and drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-871-65894145 (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Jia Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Li’e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yumei Ding
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mingying Nong
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shibao Zhang
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jinbao He
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-871-65894145 (Y.Z.)
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Osmakov DI, Kalinovskii AP, Belozerova OA, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA. Lignans as Pharmacological Agents in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6031. [PMID: 35682715 PMCID: PMC9181380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive knowledge about lignan use as a bioactive agent in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, and chemical synthesis approaches. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current data in this area, available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, screened from 2000 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
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Huda N, Li X, Jahan T, He Y, Guan C, Zhang K, Gao A, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Acceleration of the genetic gain for nutraceutical improvement of adlay ( Coix L.) through genomic approaches: current status and future prospects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2067175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Southwest Guizhou Institute of Karst Regional Development, Xingyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tanzim Jahan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuqi He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Guan
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ainong Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Tsay GJ, Lin YT, Hsu CH, Tang FY, Kuo YH, Chao CY. Adlay hull extracts attenuate β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in PC12 cells through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101020. [PMID: 34041372 PMCID: PMC8142039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in senile plaques, contributing to oxidative stress, mitochondrial diseases, and synaptic atrophy, consequently leading to the deterioration of brain function. Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is an annual botanical. Here, a 95% ethanol extract of adlay hull (AHEE) was partitioned by ethyl acetate (AHEAE), n-butanol (AHBUE), and water (AHWE), and the effects of these extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and Aβ-induced PC12 cells, as experimental models of neurotoxicity, were evaluated. The expression of anti-inflammatory and antiapoptosis-related proteins was investigated and AHEE, AHEAE, and AHWE were found to exert anti-inflammatory effects. AHWE exhibited antiapoptotic effects and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production. We investigated the protective effects of AHWE against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in dPC12 cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Pretreatment with AHWE significantly attenuated cell death and Aβ-mediated increase in B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2/Bax ratio. AHWE significantly inhibited Aβ and enhanced protein kinase B (Akt) level in dPC12 cells, suggesting that its protective effect against Aβ-induced apoptosis in dPC12 cells was mediated through upregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. These extracts and its bioactive compound K36-21 may be potentially useful to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ta Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hong Hsu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Adlay Testa ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071966. [PMID: 33807346 PMCID: PMC8037553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) has been demonstrated to have bioactive polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and essential nutrients for health benefits, including anticancer effects in humans. However, little is known about the effect of adlay seeds on endometrial cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibitory effects of several adlay seed fractions, including ethyl acetate (ATE-EA) and its bioactive constituents, separately on endometrial cancer cells—HEC-1A (phosphatase and tensin homolog-positive) and RL95-2 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-negative)—and identify related active ingredients. In addition, the potential active fractions and the phytochemical compounds were elucidated. The results demonstrate superior activity of ATE-EA with significant in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory capacity, particularly its C.D.E.F-subfraction. Moreover, HPLC- and GC/FID-based quantification of ATE-EA subfractions showed that phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acid compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in the cell model. Finally, it was shown that cell growth and cell cycle arrest most significantly occurred in the in G1 or G2/M phase under ATE-EA treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate an antiproliferative effect of ATE-EA on endometrial cancer cells that suggest a positive health outcome for women from consumption of these compounds.
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Devaraj RD, Jeepipalli SP, Xu B. Phytochemistry and health promoting effects of Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi) - A critical review. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of fatty acids from Coix seeds using chemometrics methods. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Genetic Diversity and Structure of Coix lacryma-jobi L. from Its World Secondary Diversity Center, Southwest China. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:9815697. [PMID: 30805354 PMCID: PMC6360581 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9815697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coix lacryma-jobi L. is an important minor cereal with a high nutritional and medicinal value in Asian countries. The hilly region of South China is the secondary center of diversity of Coix lacryma-jobi L. In the present study, we took a sample of 139 Coix lacryma-jobi L. genotypes from four geographical regions in Southwest China and analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure using AFLP markers. Six primer combinations detected a total of 743 (89.52%) polymorphic loci. The percentage of polymorphic bands within the four geographical populations ranged from 56.02% (Guangxi) to 86.75% (Guizhou). The overall genetic diversity of 139 Coix lacryma-jobi L. was relatively low (h ranged from 0.1854 to 0.2564). The neighbor-joining method grouped all Coix lacryma-jobi L. genotypes into two clusters with no geographical affinity observed among genotypes within the same group. The Fst indicated the two clusters existed great genetic differentiation. AMOVA analysis showed the molecular variation within populations was much higher than that among populations of geographical regions and subpopulations derived from STRUCTURE. Human activities and the natural outcrossing system of Coix lacryma-jobi L. may have a great influence on its distribution, genetic diversity, and population structure. Our study provides useful information for local breeding programs of Coix lacryma-jobi L. as well.
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Kikuzaki H, Masuda M, Kishi E, Ozaki M, Kondo K, Kanai A, Shiomi K, Furuta T, Mizu M, Nagai Y. Components for Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation Related to Discoloration of Carotenoid Contained in Sugarcane Extract. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Kikuzaki
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Mihoko Masuda
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Eri Kishi
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University
| | - Mina Ozaki
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Kanako Kondo
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Aya Kanai
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Kazuyo Shiomi
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Toma Furuta
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Masami Mizu
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
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Effect of heat processing on the physicochemical properties of Job’s tears grain. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Du Z, Kim KH, Kim J, Moon Y. Fungal Deoxynivalenol-Induced Enterocyte Distress Is Attenuated by Adulterated Adlay: In Vitro Evidences for Mucoactive Counteraction. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29527203 PMCID: PMC5829524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adlay is a cereal crop that has long been used as traditional herbal medicine and as a highly nourishing food. However, deoxynivalenol (DON), the most prevalent trichothecene mycotoxin worldwide, frequently spoils grains, including adlay, via fungal infection. On the basis of an assumption that the actions of DON in the gut could be modified by adlay consumption, we simulated the impacts of co-exposure in enterocytes and investigated the effectiveness of treatment with adlay for reducing the risk of DON-induced inflammation and epithelia barrier injury. In particular, adlay suppressed DON-induced pro-inflammatory signals such as mitogen-activated kinase transduction and the epidermal growth factor receptor-linked pathway. In addition to regulation of pro-inflammatory responses, adlay treatment interfered with DON-induced disruption of the epithelial barrier. Mechanistically, adlay could boost the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and cytosolic translocation of human antigen R (HuR) protein, which played critical roles in the epithelial restitution, resulting in protection against disruption of enterocyte barrier integrity. Notably, DON abrogated the Ras homolog gene family member A GTPase-mediated actin cytoskeletal network, which was diminished by adlay treatment in PKC and HuR-dependent ways. Taken together, this study provides evidences for adlay-based attenuation of trichothecene-induced gut distress, implicating potential use of a new gut protector against enteropathogenic insults in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Du
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Program of Intelligent Food Health Sciences and Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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Amen Y, Arung ET, Afifi MS, Halim AF, Ashour A, Fujimoto R, Goto T, Shimizu K. Melanogenesis inhibitors from Coix lacryma-jobi seeds in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2712-2718. [PMID: 28278663 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1292270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An adenine derivative, 9-β-D-glucopyranosyl adenine, reported for the first time from a natural source, in addition to nine known compounds were isolated from the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic and chemical studies. The isolated compounds and the ethanol extract have been assayed for melanin inhibition using B16-F10 melanoma cell line. The results of our study suggested the potential use of Coix lacryma-jobi seeds as a skin whitening agent and reveal the seeds to be a rich source of important phytochemicals with melanogenesis inhibitory activity. Among the isolated compounds, coixol (2) and 2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (8) exhibited potent melanogenesis inhibitory activity with no obvious melanocytotoxicity. The rest of the compounds showed weak to moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhiya Amen
- a Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.,b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Enos Tangke Arung
- a Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.,c Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Product Technology , Mulawarman University , Samarinda , Indonesia
| | - Mohamed S Afifi
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Halim
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | | | | | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- a Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Li B, Qiao L, Li L, Zhang Y, Li K, Wang L, Qiao Y. A Novel Antihypertensive Derived from Adlay (Coix larchryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) Glutelin. Molecules 2017; 22:E123. [PMID: 28098801 PMCID: PMC6155628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that Coix glutelin pepsin hydrolysate can effectively inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro. The main purpose of this study was to obtain potent anti-hypertensive peptides from Coix glutelin. The Coix glutelin hydrolysates (CGH) were prepared by pepsin catalysis and further separated by an ultrafitration (UF) system, gel filtration chromatography (GFC) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). As a result, the sub-fraction F5-3 had the highest ACE-inhibitory activity. Six ACE inhibitory peptides were identifiedusing nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The most potent peptide GAAGGAF (IC50 = 14.19 μmol·L-1) was finally obtained by further molecular simulation screening and a series of division and optimization. Single oral administration of synthesized GAAGGAF at 15 mg/kg body weight (BW) in spontaneously hypertensively rats (SHR) could reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP) around 27.50 mmHg and blood pressure-lowering effect lasted for at least 8 h. The study demonstrated for the first time that the ACE inhibitory peptide GAAGGAF from Coix glutelin has a significant antihypertensive effect, and it could be a good natural ingredient for pharmaceuticals against hypertension and the related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 South Zhonghuan Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
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Muhit MA, Umehara K, Noguchi H. Five furofuranone lignan glucosides from Terminalia citrina inhibit in vitro E2-enhanced breast cancer cell proliferation. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:74-9. [PMID: 27425446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new polyalkoxylated furofuranone lignan glucosides, terminalosides L-P (1-5), were isolated from EtOAc extracts of the leaves of Terminalia citrina, a Bangladeshi medicinal plant. The structures of the isolates were deduced primarily by NMR spectroscopy, and four of the isolates were found to contain rare tetraoxygenated aryl groups in their structures. The absolute configurations and conformations of the furofuranone ring were confirmed by ECD spectroscopy. All of the isolates were evaluated for their estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic properties using two estrogen responsive breast cancer cell lines, T47D and MCF-7. At a concentration of 10nM, terminaloside L (1) suppressed E2-enhanced T47D cell proliferation by 90%, while terminaloside M (2) showed 90% antiestrogenic activity against MCF-7 cells. Compared to 2, the antiestrogenic activity of terminaloside O (4) and P (5) was weak, possibly due to the different attachment positions of the sugar moiety that they share in common. This is the first report of furofuranone lignans from any Terminalia species, and also of their antiestrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Muhit
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kaoru Umehara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Structural characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the phenolic-rich fraction from defatted adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L . var. ma-yuen Stapf) seed meal. Food Chem 2016; 196:509-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim SY, Choi CW, Hong SS, Shin H, Oh JS. A New Neolignan from Coix Lachryma-jobi var. Mayuen. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new neolignan, named coixide A (1), along with fifteen known compounds, (7 R,8 S)-3′-demethyl-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-3′- O-β-glucopyranoside (2), (7 R,8 S)-3′-demethyl-9′-butoxy-dehydrodiconiferyl-3′- O-β-glucopyranoside (3),adenosine (4), 2- O-caffeoyl isocitricacid (5), pseudolaroside A (6), 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2 H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one (7), 2- O-β-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one (8), 2- O-β-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one (9), 2- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one (10), p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (11), caffeic acid ethyl ester (12), p-coumaric acid (13), cis-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (14) trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (15), and coixol (16) have been isolated from Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen. Their chemical structures were elucidated by chemical evidence on the basis of spectroscopic and MS data, and as well as by comparison with those reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Bio-center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- Bio-center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | | | - Joa Sub Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Bio-center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon 16229, Korea
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Novel oxime-bearing coumarin derivatives act as potent Nrf2/ARE activators in vitro and in mouse model. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wu CH, Shieh TM, Wang KL, Huang TC, Hsia SM. Quercetin, a main flavonoid in onion, inhibits the PGF2α-induced uterine contraction in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Chang CW, Chang HS, Cheng MJ, Peng CF, Chen IS. Identification of Five New Minor Constituents from the Whole Plant ofAmischotolype hispida. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liu X, Rong YZ, Zhang X, Mao DZ, Yang YJ, Wang ZW. Rapid Determination of Total Dietary Fiber and Minerals in Coix Seed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology Based on Variable Selection Methods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Wu CH, Chen MJ, Shieh TM, Wang KL, Wu YT, Hsia SM, Chiang W. Potential benefits of adlay on hyperandrogenism in human chorionic gonadotropin-treated theca cells and a rodent model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Bai C, Luo G, Liu Y, Zhao S, Zhu X, Zhao Q, Peng H, Xiong H. A Comparison Investigation of Coix Seed Oil Liposomes Prepared by Five Different Methods. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.893524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kuo CC, Chen HH, Chiang W. Adlay ( yì yĭ; "soft-shelled job's tears"; the seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent toward Multistage Carcinogenesis Processes. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:267-75. [PMID: 24716141 PMCID: PMC3942904 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay ( yì yĭ "soft-shelled job's tears", the seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and as a nourishing food in China for the treatment of warts, chapped skin, rheumatism, neuralgia, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. In addition, adlay also has been said to have stomachic, diuretic, antipholgistic, anodynic, and antispasmodic effects. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that begins with exposure of viruses or chemicals that are found in the environment. Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic, non-toxic chemical substances to reverse, repress, or prevent carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to study the chemopreventive blocking and suppressing potential of adlay and its active components in scavenging electrophiles and reactive oxygen species, antimutagenicity, enhancing Nrf2-mediated detoxification and antioxidant effect, altering carcinogen metabolism, suppressing proliferation, decreasing inflammation, and enhancing antitumor immunity. In addition, several active components with diverse chemopreventive properties have been also mentioned in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan
- Correspondence to: Ching-Chuan Kuo, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-6-7000123 ext. 65115; Fax: +886-6-2083427; Wenchang Chiang, Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-33664115; Fax: +886-2-23638673;
| | - Huang-Hui Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Ching-Chuan Kuo, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-6-7000123 ext. 65115; Fax: +886-6-2083427; Wenchang Chiang, Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-33664115; Fax: +886-2-23638673;
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Tsai WH, Yang CC, Li PC, Chen WC, Chien CT. Therapeutic potential of traditional chinese medicine on inflammatory diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:142-51. [PMID: 24716170 PMCID: PMC3924991 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress induces inflammation to several tissues/organs leading to cell death and long-term injury. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagic regulatory functions has been widely used as preventive or therapeutic strategy in modern medicine. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been widely reported to contribute to cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, hepatotoxicity, or sympathetic activation-induced liver inflammation, lipopolysaccharide-induced renal inflammation, and substance P-mediated neurogenic hyperactive bladder based on clinical findings. In this review, we introduce several evidences for TCM treatment including Monascus adlay (MA) produced by inoculating adlay (Cois lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with Monascus purpureus on lung injury, Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn. of Euphorbiaceae family) on hepatotoxin-induced liver inflammation, Virgate Wormwood Decoction (Yīn Chén Hāo tāng) and its active component genipin on sympathetic activation–induced liver inflammation, and green tea extract and its active components, catechins, or a modified TCM formula Five Stranguries Powder (Wǔ Lén Sǎn) plus Crataegi Fructus (Shān Zhā) on hyperactive bladder. The pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms of TCM on ameliorating inflammatory diseases are discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Linsen (Chinese Medicine) Branch, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yang
- Bureau of Planning, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rapid Determination of Fat, Protein and Amino Acid Content in Coix Seed Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technique. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Choi HJ, An TJ, Kim J, Park SH, Kim D, Ahn YS, Moon Y. Postharvest strategies for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone reduction in stored adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) grains. J Food Prot 2014; 77:466-71. [PMID: 24674439 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Improperly practiced postharvest procedures can pose mycotoxin-related risks in the production of medicinal herbs. As a health food with pharmacological supplements, cereal-based adlay has been broadly used in oriental medical practice. Compared with the standard production protocol, three provisional critical control points (CCPs) in the conventional procedure were identified and assessed for mycotoxin contamination in the adlay from small farms in Korea. Although various mycotoxins were present, the prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) or zearalenone (ZEN) was relatively high in the adlay. In terms of drying conditions, field drying in the conventional pathway was associated with more exposure to DON than heated-air drying. Moreover, the DON or ZEN levels in chaff were higher than the levels in the inner grain, suggesting that the hulling process as another CCP would reduce the DON or ZEN exposure. In particular, the DON or ZEN levels in adlay stored for protracted periods without dehulling were very high, but a lower storage temperature of 12°C was not effective at significantly reducing these mycotoxins. In this case, the inner grain was more contaminated with DON or ZEN than the chaff after protracted storage because surface fungi, which produce mycotoxins, can penetrate deep into grain with time. Heated-air drying and nonprotracted storage limited DON contamination in adlay. More importantly, an early dehulling process should be adopted as an easy preventive action to reduce the risk of exposure to DON or ZEN in adlay postharvest. This is monitored as a central CCP for safer production of adlay from local farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin An
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Sup Ahn
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, South Korea.
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Nishimura M, Ohkawara T, Kagami-Katsuyama H, Sekiguchi S, Taira T, Tsukada M, Shibata H, Nishihira J. Alteration of intestinal flora by the intake of enzymatic degradation products of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with improvement of skin condition. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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You JS, Lee YJ, Kim KS, Kim SH, Chang KJ. Ethanol extract of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) root exhibits an anti-adipogenic effect in human pre-adipocytes and anti-obesity and anti-oxidant effects in rats fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2014; 34:258-67. [PMID: 24655493 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) root, a well-known medicinal plant in Asia, is reported to have various therapeutic benefits, including anti-diabetes, anti-hypertension, and anti-hyperlipidaemia. We hypothesized that the ethanol extract of lotus root (ELR) would exhibit an anti-adipogenic effect in human pre-adipocytes as well as anti-obesity and anti-oxidant effects in rats fed a high-fat diet. Treatment with ELR in human pre-adipocytes resulted in inhibition of lipid accumulation and attenuated expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adipocyte marker genes, such as glucose transporter 4 and leptin. Administration of ELR resulted in a significant decrease in relative weights of adipose tissues in rats fed a high-fat diet. Consumption of a high-fat diet resulted in an increase in serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels; however, administration of ELR resulted in a decrease in the levels of TC and TG. Administration of ELR resulted in a decrease in the level of serum leptin and insulin. Administration of ELR in rats fed a high-fat diet resulted in a decrease in hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, elevated by a high-fat diet and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity and hepatic glutathione content. These results suggest that lotus root exerts anti-oxidant and anti-obesity effects and could be used as a functional and nutraceutical ingredient in combatting obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Soon You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ju Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Kim
- East-west Bone & Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea.
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Li PC, Tsai WH, Chien CT. Dietary Monascus adlay supplements facilitate suppression of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related PLGF in the rat. Food Chem 2012; 136:765-74. [PMID: 23122125 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure may cause oxidative stress in the lung, leading to cell death and long-term injury. Monascus adlay (MA) with antioxidant components produced by inoculating adlay (Cois lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with Monascus purpureus may protect lung against CS-induced lung injuries in rats. MA and lovastatin had higher antioxidant activities than either M. purpureus or adlay. CS exposure caused significant lung damage, as evidenced by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil infiltration, dityrosine and 4-HNE, as well as lower levels of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase expression. Lung tissues with CS exposure had higher levels of ER stress, apoptosis, autophagy and emphysema-related placenta growth factor (PlGF) expressions. All CS-induced injuries were significantly suppressed by MA supplements. MA would be a beneficial nutritional therapy to ameliorate CS-induced lung injury via preserving antioxidant defense mechanisms, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting ER stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen HH, Chen YT, Huang YW, Tsai HJ, Kuo CC. 4-Ketopinoresinol, a novel naturally occurring ARE activator, induces the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1054-66. [PMID: 22245092 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Nrf2/ARE pathway plays an important role in inducing phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins and has been considered a potential target for cancer chemoprevention because it eliminates harmful reactive oxygen species or reactive intermediates generated from carcinogens. The objectives of this study were to identify novel Nrf2/ARE activators and to investigate the mechanistic signaling pathway involved in the activation of Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective effects against oxidative-induced cell injury. A stable ARE-driven luciferase reporter cell line was established to screen a potentially cytoprotective compound. 4-Ketopinoresinol (4-KPR), the (α-γ) double-cyclized type of lignan obtained from adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf), activates ARE-driven luciferase activity more effectively than the classical ARE activator tert-butylhydroquinone. 4-KPR treatment resulted in a transient increase in AKT phosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, along with increased expression of ARE-dependent cytoprotective genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), aldo-keto reductases, and glutathione synthetic enzyme. 4-KPR suppresses oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and cell death via upregulation of HO-1. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling by chemical inhibitors or RNA interference not only suppressed 4-KPR-induced Nrf2/HO-1 activation, but also eliminated the cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage. These observations in an ARE-regulated gene system suggest that 4-KPR is a novel Nrf2/ARE-mediated transcription activator, activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis, and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hui Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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Hu A, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu R, Liu X, Zhang S. Optimizations and comparison of two supercritical extractions of adlay oil. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Zhou JR, Morsy MAM, Kunika K, Yokomizo K, Miyata T. Ergogenic Capacity of a 7-Chinese Traditional Medicine Extract in Aged Mice. Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.34032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Effect of different parts (leaf, stem and stalk) and seasons (summer and winter) on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6077-88. [PMID: 22016645 PMCID: PMC3189769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12096077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, Lam. (Moringaceae) is grown world-wide in the tropics and sub-tropics of Asia and Africa and contains abundant various nutrients. This study describes the effect of different parts (leaf, stem and stalk) and seasons (summer and winter) on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera grown in Taiwan. The results showed that the winter samples of Moringa had higher ash (except the stalk part), calcium and phenolic compounds (except the leaf part) and stronger antioxidative activity than summer samples. The methanolic extract of Moringa showed strong scavenging effect of DPPH radicals and reducing power. The trend of antioxidative activity as a function of the part of Moringa was: leaf > stem > stalk for samples from both seasons investigated. The Moringa extract showed strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and high Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity except the stalk part.
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Wang CY, Lin HT, Wu SC. Influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus-fermented adlay on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora in hamsters. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2271-2276. [PMID: 21618546 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of polished and dehulled Bacillus-fermented adlay on lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora were examined in hyperlipidaemic hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet. RESULTS Hamsters administered Bacillus-fermented adlay experienced significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum and hepatic total cholesterol (by 37-43% and 42-49% respectively) and triglyceride (by 22-27% and 30-35% respectively) levels compared with the high-cholesterol group. Lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios in serum and increased cholesterol (by 47-52%) and triglyceride (by 40-47%) contents in faeces were also observed. Bacillus-fermented adlay lowered the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, thus increasing total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activities. In particular, polished Bacillus-fermented adlay had satisfactory antioxidant activity, similar to that of commercially available natto. Moreover, hamsters fed Bacillus-fermented adlay harboured greater populations of lactic acid bacteria, few coliforms and little Clostridium perfringens. CONCLUSION This study has shown that changes in lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora can be greatly modulated by Bacillus-fermented adlay, suggesting potential novel approaches to the treatment of primary cardiovascular and intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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40
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Chen HH, Chiang W, Chang JY, Chien YL, Lee CK, Liu KJ, Cheng YT, Chen TF, Kuo YH, Kuo CC. Antimutagenic constituents of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with potential cancer chemopreventive activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6444-6452. [PMID: 21561091 DOI: 10.1021/jf200539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adlay has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a nourishing food. The acetone extract of adlay hull had previously been demonstrated to possess potent antimutagenic activity. The aims of this study were to identify the antimutagenic constituents from adlay hull by using Ames antimutagenic activity-guide isolation procedures and to investigate their chemopreventive efficacies in cultured cells. The results demonstrated that six compounds showing great antimutagenic activity were identified by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with authentic samples to be p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, trans-coniferylaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, and coixol. Two of them, trans-coniferylaldehyde and sinapaldehyde, exhibit relatively potent scavenging of DPPH radicals, inhibit TPA stimulated superoxide anion generation in neutrophil-like leukocytes, and induce Nrf2/ARE-driven luciferase activity in HSC-3 cells. Moreover, trans-coniferylaldehyde possesses cytoprotective efficacy against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced DNA double-strand breaks in cultured cells, and the chemopreventive potency induced by trans-coniferylaldehyde may be through the activation of kinase signals, including p38, ERK1/2, JNK, MEK1/2, and MSK1/2. In summary, we first identified six antimutagenic constituents from adlay hull. Among them, trans-coniferylaldehyde would be a highly promising agent for cancer chemoprevention and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hui Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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41
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Yao HT, Lin JH, Chiang MT, Chiang W, Luo MN, Lii CK. Suppressive effect of the ethanolic extract of adlay bran on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in rat liver and lungs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4306-4314. [PMID: 21395288 DOI: 10.1021/jf200117m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop and is reported to protect against various diseases such as cancer. To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of adlay bran (ABE) on drug-metabolizing enzymes and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes in rats, three groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats each were fed a control diet or a diet containing 5 or 10% ABE for 4 weeks. Significant decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1-catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, CYP2C-catalyzed diclofenac 4-hydroxylation, CYP2D-catalyzed dextromethorphan O-demethylation, and CYP3A-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in the liver and CYP1A1-catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation in the lungs of rats fed ABE were observed. Immunoblot analyses also showed decreases of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 2D1, 2E1, 3A1, and 3A2 in the liver and CYP1A1 in the lungs. Furthermore, rats fed the 10% ABE diet had a higher glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in the lungs, but such an increase was not noted in the liver. Inhibition of various CYP-catalyzed enzyme reactions by ABE in rat and human liver microsomes had also been shown. The results of this study indicate that ABE feeding may suppress CYP enzyme activities and CYP protein expression in the liver and lungs of rats. Moreover, the increase of the antioxidant potential by ABE is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Chen HJ, Chung CP, Chiang W, Lin YL. Anti-inflammatory effects and chemical study of a flavonoid-enriched fraction from adlay bran. Food Chem 2010; 126:1741-8. [PMID: 25213953 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammation-guided fractionation and purification were used to evaluate the bioactivity and components of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) bran. Results showed that the fraction with high phenolic and flavonoid contents from the ethanol extracts of adlay bran suppressed LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α secretions in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Fifteen compounds, including a novel aurone derivative, two chromones, one dihydrochalcone, one chalcone, four flavanones, five flavones and one isoflavone, were isolated from the active fraction. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and MS. All of the isolates are reported for the first time from adlay except naringenin. LC/MS was also provided as an analytical platform. Our results suggest that flavonoids in adlay bran, partially at least, contribute to its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, adlay bran may be beneficial to the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Pei Chung
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Huang DW, Chung CP, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Chiang W. Identification of compounds in adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) seed hull extracts that inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10651-10657. [PMID: 19886607 DOI: 10.1021/jf9028514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of adlay seed hull (AH) extracts on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. An AH ethanol extract (AHE) was partitioned into ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions. Silica gel chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction yielded 15 subfractions: AHE-Ea-A to AHE-Ea-O. Subfractions AHE-Ea-J, AHE-Ea-K, and AHE-Ea-M had anti-inflammatory activities, as they counteracted the increased cellular production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 induced by lipopolysaccharide by down-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 expression. Eriodictyol (1), the ceramide (2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl-amino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (2), and p-coumaric acid (3) were found in the subfractions, and the first two compounds appeared to be primarily responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. This is the first time that eriodictyol (1) and this ceramide (2) have been found in AH, and the anti-inflammatory properties of the AHE-Ea fraction can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of these two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Lin LJ, Hsiao ESL, Tseng HS, Chung MC, Chua ACN, Kuo ME, Tzen JTC. Molecular cloning, mass spectrometric identification, and nutritional evaluation of 10 coixins in adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10916-10921. [PMID: 19919123 DOI: 10.1021/jf903025n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is regarded as a nutritive food source as well as herbal medicine. The food nutrition is a consequence of its high protein content and superior amino acid composition. From ca. 200 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences in maturing adlay grains, clones encoding precursor polypeptides of 10 seed storage proteins in the prolamin family, including 8 alpha-coixin isoforms, 1 delta-coixin, and 1 gamma-coixin, were identified. Full-length cDNA fragments encoding these 10 coixins were obtained by PCR cloning. Mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of these 10 coixins in the extract of adlay grain. Calculated amino acid compositions indicate that all 10 coixins are rich in glutamine (>20% in alpha-coixin isoforms, 13.3% in delta-coixin, and 31.2% in gamma-coixin). The 8 alpha-coixin isoforms are low in methionine, cysteine, and lysine (on average, 0.8, 0.6, and 0.1%, respectively). However, the delta-coixin is a sulfur-rich protein (18.2% methionine and 9.1% cysteine), and the gamma-coixin is a nutritive protein composed of 2.0% methionine, 6.6% cysteine, 2.6% lysine, and 8.9% histidine. The company of delta-coixin and gamma-coixin with alpha-coixin isoforms enhances the nutritional value of alday grain for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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45
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Effects of drying and extrusion on colour, chemical composition, antioxidant activities and mitogenic response of spleen lymphocytes of sweet potatoes. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Lin HY, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Chiang W. Antioxidative effect and active components from leaves of Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6623-6629. [PMID: 19572539 DOI: 10.1021/jf900950z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The DPPH scavenging effect, the inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and antioxidative contents were employed for the activity-guided purification to identify the antioxidant components of lotus leaves (leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). The methanolic extract of lotus leaves (LLM) was separated into ethyl acetate (LLME), n-butanol (LLMB), and water (LLMW) fractions. LLME and LLMB exhibited greater capacity to scavenge DPPH radical, delayed LDL oxidation, and had higher antioxidative contents than LLMW. Seven flavonoids were isolated from both fractions by column chromatography. On the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments and MS data analyses, these compounds were identified as catechin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (4), quercetin-3-O-galactopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (6), and myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (7). Quercetin and its glycosides (compounds 2-5) exerted potent inhibition of LDL oxidation, whereas myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (7) showed stronger DPPH scavenging activity. These results indicate that the antioxidant capacity of lotus leaves is partially relevant to its flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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47
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Huang DW, Kuo YH, Lin FY, Lin YL, Chiang W. Effect of Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) Testa and its phenolic components on Cu2+-treated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2259-2266. [PMID: 19243096 DOI: 10.1021/jf803255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of adlay testa (AT) on Cu(2+)-treated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging capacity, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and determine its active components. The AT ethanolic extract (ATE) was partitioned into four fractions by various solvents as follows: n-hexane (ATE-Hex), ethyl acetate (ATE-Ea), n-butanol (ATE-Bu), and water (ATE-H(2)O). ATE-Ea and ATE-Bu were further fractionated into ATE-Ea-a-ATE-Ea-h and ATE-Bu-A-ATE-Bu-F, respectively, by column chromatography. Results showed that ATE-Ea, ATE-Bu, ATE-Ea-e, and ATE-Bu-C expressed antiradical, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities with respect to the DPPH-scavenging capacity, LDL protection effect, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Inflammation was further modulated by ATE-Ea, ATE-Bu, ATE-Ea-e, and ATE-Bu-C through downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins. The following components were found in ATE-Ea-e and ATE-Bu-C after purification and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis: chlorogenic acid (CGA), vanillic acid (VA), caffeic acid (CA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), ferulic acid (FA), and 2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-4((2)H)-benzoxazin-3-one (GMBO). Results showed that CGA, CA, and FA were the major components responsible for the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of ATE-Ea-e and ATE-Bu-C. Subsequently, each gram of ATE-Bu-C had 30.3 mg of CGA, 9.02 mg of CA, and 189 mg of GMBO, while each gram of ATE-Ea-e had 1.31 mg of VA, 3.89 mg of PCA, and 47.6 microg of FA. In conclusion, ATE has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and its effects are partially related to its phenolic components. Thus, ATE has the potential to be developed as a functional food targeting chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Castillo-Avila GM, García-Sosa K, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Antioxidants from the Leaf Extract of Byrsonima Bucidaefolia. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The radical scavenging assay-guided fractionation of the leaf extract of Byrsonima bucidaefolia Standl. yielded two metabolites with antioxidant activity, identified as methyl gallate (1) and methyl m-trigallate (2) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Both 1 and 2 were identified as artifacts of the extraction and/or the purification process, possibly resulting from transesterification of precursor gallotannins. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of both the isolated metabolites 1 and 2 and three of their derivatives (3-5), showed that 1 and 2 have a stronger antioxidant activity than vitamin C when tested using the DPPH reduction assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Margarita Castillo-Avila
- Grupo de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Karlina García-Sosa
- Grupo de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis M. Peña-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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49
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Hsia SM, Tseng YW, Wang SW, Kuo YH, Huang DW, Wang PS, Chiang W. Effect of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi
L. var. ma-yuen
Stapf.) hull extracts on testosterone release from rat Leydig cells. Phytother Res 2008; 23:687-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Apirattananusorn S, Tongta S, Cui SW, Wang Q. Chemical, molecular, and structural characterization of alkali extractable nonstarch polysaccharides from Job's tears. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8549-8557. [PMID: 18717572 DOI: 10.1021/jf801231y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The polished Job's tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi L.) seeds, dark and white husk types, were sequentially extracted by hot water (75 degrees C) and 0.5 M NaOH solution. Nonstarch polysaccharides were not found in the water extract but were present in the alkali extract. The major components of the alkali extract from both Job's tears were protein, ash, and nonstarch polysaccharides, mainly arabinoxylans. The high arabinose to xylose ratio of 1.25 and 1.24 indicated a highly substituted structure. The average molecular weight (MW) of arabinoxylans of the dark and white husk types were 741,000 Da (Pd 1.5) and 1,449,000 Da (Pd 2.6), respectively, and their average MW reduced after treatment with protease. The alkali extractable arabinoxylans were elucidated to have a (1,4)-linked beta- d-xylan main chain highly substituted with single arabinose units. The results showed that the alpha- l-arabinofuranosyl residues (Ara f) were attached to the main chain mostly at O-3, followed by both O-2 and O-3 of xylopyranosyl residues (Xyl p).
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