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Bezerra M, Cosme F, Nunes FM. Production and Characterization of Red Fruit Spirits Made from Red Raspberries, Blueberries, and Strawberries. Foods 2024; 13:1187. [PMID: 38672860 PMCID: PMC11048981 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated the feasibility of fermenting and distilling low-commercial-value red fruits such as red raspberries, blueberries, and strawberries to produce high-value red fruit spirits. The fermentation process was efficient, with all red berry wines achieving a notable ethanol conversion yield (46.33 to 66.31%), without the need for nutrient supplementation or fruit juice solid separation, which showed no significant effect on the quality of the final product. Small-scale copper Charentais alembic distillation of the fermented red fruit juices resulted in fruit spirits equivalent to 1%, 7%, and 2% of the initial volume for red raspberries, blueberries, and strawberries, respectively. Except for the blueberry spirit, which had a lower volatile compound concentration (79.4 g/hL, absolute alcohol), all the produced red fruit spirits complied with legislation, including ethanol (37.9-40.2% v/v) and methanol (22.8-877.9 g/hL, absolute alcohol) concentrations and exhibited favorable aromatic profiles. The findings highlight that fermentation and distillation are straightforward, consistent, and reproducible methods, enabling the production of high-quality red fruit spirits from economically viable red fruit sources. This presents a significant opportunity in the spirits market, offering versatile applications as low-alcohol options, base spirits, or, with re-distillation, high-alcohol spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Bezerra
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.B.); (F.C.)
- Biology and Environment Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.B.); (F.C.)
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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2
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Niu Y, Zhao W, Xiao Z, Zhu J, Xiong W, Chen F. Characterization of aroma compounds and effects of amino acids on the release of esters in Laimao baijiu. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1784-1799. [PMID: 36260337 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laimao baijiu is a typical soy-sauce aroma-type baijiu in China. Amino acids are non-volatile compounds in baijiu and are beneficial to human health. Aroma is one of the important indicators that are used to evaluate the quality of baijiu. The interaction between aroma-active compounds and non-volatile compounds can also affect the release of aroma compounds. In this study, we identified the active-aroma compounds and amino acids in Laimao baijiu by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The interaction between amino acids and key esters was investigated by sensory analysis and partition coefficients. RESULTS A total of 63 aroma compounds and 21 amino acids were identified. Twenty-one esters were identified from them as major aroma-active ester compounds with odor activity values ≥ 1. Finally, sensory analysis revealed that l-alanine had a significant effect on the strength of the aromas of esters, suggesting that low concentrations of amino acids were more likely to promote the release of esters and high concentrations were more likely to inhibit this. The partition coefficient can be a good explanation for this phenomenon. CONCLUSION l-Alanine can significantly affect the aroma intensity of key ester aroma compounds in Laimao baijiu, and the effects of different concentrations of amino acids are different. This work shows that amino acids, as non-volatile compounds, have a regulatory effect on the release of aroma compounds in alcoholic beverages, which may provide new technical support for the aroma modulation of alcoholic beverages. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancai Zhu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xiong
- China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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3
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Guo X, Cheng Y, Huang Y. Study on the drunkenness of Chinese Baijiu with representative flavor based on behavioral characteristics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1014813. [PMID: 36245514 PMCID: PMC9561937 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential role of drunkenness on the healthy development of Chinese Baijiu was studied in this research. This study revealed the effects of Baijiu on the behaviors of mice and evaluated the degree of drunkenness of soy sauce-, strong-, light-, and light and soy sauce-flavored Baijiu. The parameters obtained from the open field test were transformed into the behavioral drunkenness index by mathematical statistical analysis and the drunkenness-associated key compounds of Baijiu were analyzed. The results showed that strong- and light-flavored Baijiu presented higher levels of drunkenness and sobriety than soy sauce-flavored Baijiu. Interestingly, light and soy sauce-flavored Baijiu showed low drunkenness but a high sobriety degree. Specifically, the degree of drunkenness was positively correlated with fusel alcohol and aldehydes but negatively correlated with esters and acids. This study will enrich references for Baijiu behavior studies and lay a foundation for the research and development of healthy Baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Guo
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongguang Huang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
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4
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Hartley N, McLachlan CS. Aromas Influencing the GABAergic System. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082414. [PMID: 35458615 PMCID: PMC9026314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromas have a powerful influence in our everyday life and are known to exhibit an array of pharmacological properties, including anxiolytic, anti-stress, relaxing, and sedative effects. Numerous animal and human studies support the use of aromas and their constituents to reduce anxiety-related symptoms and/or behaviours. Although the exact mechanism of how these aromas exert their anxiolytic effects is not fully understood, the GABAergic system is thought to be primarily involved. The fragrance emitted from a number of plant essential oils has shown promise in recent studies in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission, with GABAA receptors being the primary therapeutic target. This review will explore the anxiolytic and sedative properties of aromas found in common beverages, such as coffee, tea, and whisky as well aromas found in food, spices, volatile organic compounds, and popular botanicals and their constituents. In doing so, this review will focus on these aromas and their influence on the GABAergic system and provide greater insight into viable anxiety treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Hartley
- Department of Naturopathy and Western Herbal Medicine, Health Faculty, Fortitude Valley Campus, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Craig S. McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Health Faculty, Surry Hills Campus, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
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5
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Flavor mystery of Chinese traditional fermented baijiu: The great contribution of ester compounds. Food Chem 2022; 369:130920. [PMID: 34461518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chinese traditional fermented baijiu is a famous alcoholic beverage with unique flavor. Despite its consumption for millennia, the flavor mystery behind baijiu is still unclear. Studies indicate that esters are the most important flavor substances, and bring health benefits. However, the aroma contribution and formation mechanism of esters still need to be clarified to reveal the flavor profile of baijiu. This review systematically summarizes all the 510 esters and finds 9 ethyl esters contribute greatly to the flavor of baijiu. The 508 different microbial species that have been identified affect the synthesis of esters through fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. The determination of minimum functional microbial groups and the analysis of their metabolic characteristics are crucial to reveal the mechanism of formation of baijiu flavor, and ensure the reproducible formation of flavor substances.
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Yogi W, Tsukada M, Sato Y, Izuno T, Inoue T, Tsunokawa Y, Okumo T, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Influences of Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation on Stress Responses during Short-Duration Sleep Cycles: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9070909. [PMID: 34356287 PMCID: PMC8303840 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavender essential oil (LEO) was reported to improve sleep quality. We investigated the influence of aromatherapy by testing the effects of LEO on stress responses during a short-duration sleep in a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. The subjects were twelve healthy adults who were nonsmokers without any known disease and who were not prescribed medications, and nine of these completed the study. After the subjects had fallen asleep, they were sprayed with LEO using an aroma diffuser. Before and after 90 min of sleep, α-amylase, chromogranin A (CgA), and cortisol levels in saliva were measured as objective stress indicators, and the Japanese version of the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist was used as a subjective indicator. A comparison of changes before and after sleep, with and without LEO, revealed that the cortisol level did not significantly change; however, α-amylase (p < 0.05) and CgA (p < 0.01) levels significantly decreased after LEO inhalation. A mood test indicated no change in mood before and after sleep, with or without LEO. Since α-amylase and CgA reflect the sympathetic nervous system response, these results indicate that LEO aromatherapy during a short-duration sleep cycle suppresses the stress response, especially that of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Yogi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Department, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8110
| | - Yosuke Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan;
| | - Takuji Izuno
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Tatsuki Inoue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsunokawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (W.Y.); (T.I.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.H.); (M.S.)
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7
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Zhang JY, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplemental phytoncide instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal microflora in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:269-275. [PMID: 30474163 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phytoncide (PTC) instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight 24.48 ± 1.62 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for a 6 weeks feeding trials, the treatments as follow: CON (base diet),ZO (CON + 0.03% Zinc Oxide), PTC1 (CON + 0.5% PTC), PTC2 (CON + 1.0% PTC). Compared to basal diet, during weeks 1-3, 3-6, and overall experimental period, the ADG of growing pigs fed phytoncide diet trend to be increased, and fed ZO diet was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During weeks 3-6 and overall experiment period, pigs fed the ZO diet showed improvement in feed intake compared to pigs fed basal diet as a trend. Compared with basal diet, the pigs receiving phytoncide diet significantly increased the digestibility of DM and reduced the concentration of aspartate transaminase in pigs receiving 1.0% phytoncide diet. These results suggested that dietary supplement of phytoncide, Korean pine extract, could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide by decreasing detoxify to soil and plants without influencing the performance of growing pigs. Further study is needed to determine the systemic estimation of the dose of phytoncide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ying Zhang
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
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Fujimoto T, Aou S. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure is associated with medial amygdala neuron hyperresponsiveness to predator odor in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:531-536. [PMID: 30185693 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) causes several alterations in brain function and behavior. In previous studies, we showed that prenatal treatment with low-level BPA impaired gender-specific behavior, enhanced depression-like behavior, and augmented behavioral responses to predator odor in rats. On this premise, we hypothesized that BPA-treated rats were more susceptible to predator odor stress. To test the potential neural mechanism underlying this effect, we conducted an electrophysiological study of neurons in the medial amygdala-a regional component of the olfactory pathway with high estrogen and androgen receptor expression, and thus a potential target of BPA-in rats exposed to BPA. Extracellular recordings were obtained during the presentation of 3 plant odors and 3 predator odorants. Odor-responsive neurons in BPA-exposed rats showed greater activity in response to fox odor than did those in control rats. This finding complements the results of our previous behavioral study in which BPA-exposed rats exhibited enhanced avoidance behavior in response to fox odor. Given the close relationship between olfactory signaling and the stress response system, we suspect that BPA modifies the olfactory pathway at the level of the medial amygdala and thus modulates the corresponding stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuji Aou
- Department of Human Intelligence Systems, Kyushu Institute of Technology
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9
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Sahin S, Eulenburg V, Heinlein A, Villmann C, Pischetsrieder M. Identification of eugenol as the major determinant of GABAA-receptor activation by aqueous Syzygium aromaticum L. (clove buds) extract. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Izu H, Shigemori K, Eguchi M, Kawane S, Fujii S, Kitamura Y, Aoshima H, Yamada Y. Direct activation of GABA A receptors by substances in the organic acid fraction of Japanese sake. Food Chem 2017; 214:354-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Heinlein A, Metzger M, Walles H, Buettner A. Transport of hop aroma compounds across Caco-2 monolayers. Food Funct 2014; 5:2719-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hop aroma compounds and digestive transformation products thereof were investigated in view of their human intestinal absorption and biotransformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Heinlein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Food Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Metzger
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- University Wuerzburg
- 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - H. Walles
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- University Wuerzburg
- 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A. Buettner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Food Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV)
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12
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Kessler A, Sahin-Nadeem H, Lummis SCR, Weigel I, Pischetsrieder M, Buettner A, Villmann C. GABA(A) receptor modulation by terpenoids from Sideritis extracts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:851-62. [PMID: 24273211 PMCID: PMC4384808 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE GABAA receptors are modulated by Sideritis extracts. The aim of this study was to identify single substances from Sideritis extracts responsible for GABAA receptor modulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Single volatile substances identified by GC have been tested in two expression systems, Xenopus oocytes and human embryonic kidney cells. Some of these substances, especially carvacrol, were highly potent on GABAA receptors composed of α1β2 and α1β2γ2 subunits. All effects measured were independent from the presence of the γ2 subunit. As Sideritis extracts contain a high amount of terpenes, 13 terpenes with similar structure elements were tested in the same way. Following a prescreening on α1β2 GABAA receptors, a high-throughput method was used for identification of the most effective terpenoid substances on GABA-affinity of α1β2γ2 receptors expressed in transfected cell lines. Isopulegol, pinocarveol, verbenol, and myrtenol were the most potent modifiers of GABAA receptor function. CONCLUSION Comparing the chemical structures, the action of terpenes on GABAA receptors is most probably due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and a bicyclic character of the substances tested. We propose an allosteric modulation independent from the γ2 subunit and similar to the action of alcohols and anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry Division, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Kessler A, Villmann C, Sahin-Nadeem H, Pischetsrieder M, Buettner A. GABAA receptor modulation by the volatile fractions of Sideritis species used as ‘Greek’ or ‘Turkish’ mountain tea. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; 91052; Erlangen; Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Biochemistry; University Erlangen-Nuremberg; 91054; Erlangen; Germany
| | - Hilal Sahin-Nadeem
- Akdeniz University; Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering; 07059; Antalya; Turkey
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; 91052; Erlangen; Germany
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Krishnamoorthy M, Gerwe BA, Scharer CD, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Gregory F, Nash RJ, Arumugham J, Usta SN, Eilertson CD, Stice SL, Nash RJ. GABRB3 gene expression increases upon ethanol exposure in human embryonic stem cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:206-13. [PMID: 21619448 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.569723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic receptors are the target for most mood-defining compounds. Chronic exposure to ethanol (EtOH) alters receptor-mediated responses and the numbers of these channels and specific subunits; as well as induces anxiolytic, sedative, and anesthetic activity in the human brain. However, very little is known regarding the effects of EtOH on ionotropic receptor transcription during early human development (preimplantation). Using two separate human embryonic stem cell lines the study shows that low amounts of EtOH (20 mM) alters transcription of the ionotropic subunit GABRB3. Changes in ionotrophic receptor expression influence the central nervous system development and have been shown to produce brain abnormalities in animal models. These results suggest that low concentrations of EtOH can alter ionotropic receptor transcription during early human development (preimplantation), which may be a contributing factor to the neurological phenotypes seen in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
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Hongratanaworakit T. Aroma-therapeutic Effects of Massage Blended Essential Oils on Humans. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although blended essential oils are increasingly being used for the improvement of the quality of life and for the relief of various symptoms in patients, the scientific evaluation of the aroma-therapeutic effects of blended essential oils in humans is rather scarce. In this study, we hypothesized that applying blended essential oil would provide a synergistic effect that would have a chance for success in treating depression or anxiety. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the blended essential oil on autonomic parameters and on emotional responses in humans following transdermal absorption. The blended essential oil consisted of lavender and bergamot oils. Human autonomic parameters, i.e. blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate, and skin temperature, were recorded as indicators of the arousal level of the autonomic nervous system. In addition, subjects had to rate their emotional condition in terms of relaxation, vigor, calmness, attentiveness, mood, and alertness in order to assess subjective behavioral arousal. Forty healthy volunteers participated in the experiments. Blended essential oil was applied topically to the skin of the abdomen of each subject. Compared with placebo, blended essential oil caused significant decreases of pulse rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which indicated a decrease of autonomic arousal. At the emotional level, subjects in the blended essential oil group rated themselves as ‘more calm’ and ‘more relaxed’ than subjects in the control group. This finding suggests a decrease of subjective behavioral arousal. In conclusion, our investigation demonstrates the relaxing effect of a mixture of lavender and bergamot oils. This synergistic blend provides evidence for its use in medicine for treating depression or anxiety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapanee Hongratanaworakit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Rangsit-Ongkharak Road, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
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Park HS, Kim SR, Kim JO, Lee YC. The roles of phytochemicals in bronchial asthma. Molecules 2010; 15:6810-34. [PMID: 20924320 PMCID: PMC6259268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite gaps in our knowledge of how phytochemicals interfere with cellular functions, several natural plant products are utilized to prevent or treat a wide range of diseases. Identification of an agent with therapeutic potential requires multiple steps involving in vitro studies, efficacy and toxicity studies in animal models, and then human clinical trials. This review provides a brief introduction on natural products that may help to treat and/or prevent bronchial asthma and describes our current understanding of their molecular mechanisms based on various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. We focus on the anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular actions of the plant products and other roles beyond the anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon, Korea
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YAMADA Y, EGUCHI M, IZU H, GOTO K, SUDO S. Effects of Components of Sake on GABA A receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.6013/jbrewsocjapan.105.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasue YAMADA
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Masaya EGUCHI
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Hanae IZU
- National Research Institute of Brewing
| | - Kuniyasu GOTO
- Office of Brewing Technology, Kumamoto Regional Taxation Bureau
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Abstract
One increasingly popular type of alternative therapy is aromatherapy, but scientific validation in this field is still rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rose oil ( Rosa damascena Mill, Rosaceae) on human autonomic parameters and emotional responses in healthy subjects after transdermal absorption. In order to exclude any olfactory stimulation the inhalation of the fragrances was prevented by breathing masks. Forty healthy volunteers participated in the experiments. Five autonomic parameters, i.e. blood pressure, breathing rate, blood oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and skin temperature, were recorded. Emotional responses were assessed by means of rating scales. Compared to placebo, rose oil caused significant decreases of breathing rate, blood oxygen saturation and systolic blood pressure, which indicate a decrease of autonomic arousal. At the emotional level, subjects in the rose oil group rated themselves as more calm, more relaxed and less alert than subjects in the control group. These findings are likely to represent a relaxing effect of the rose oil and provide some evidence for the use of rose oil in aromatherapy, such as causing relief of depression and stress in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapanee Hongratanaworakit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Rangsit-Ongkharak Road, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
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MUBASSARA S, HOSSAIN SJ, AHMED F, YAMAMOTO M, TAN N, AOSHIMA H. Potentiation of the Response of GABAA Receptors by Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.15.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mitou M, Shigemori Y, Aoshima H, Yokoyama S. Effect of dried bonito (katsuobushi) and some of its components on GABAA receptors. Food Chem 2008; 108:840-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Kako H, Fukumoto S, Kobayashi Y, Yokogoshi H. Effects of direct exposure of green odour components on dopamine release from rat brain striatal slices and PC12 cells. Brain Res Bull 2008; 75:706-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Kawakami K, Kawamoto M, Nomura M, Otani H, Nabika T, Gonda T. Effects of phytoncides on blood pressure under restraint stress in SHRSP. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S27-8. [PMID: 15649280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Phytoncides are volatile substances released mainly from trees. We studied whether phytoncides can reduce stress responses in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). 2. Under the restraint stress, SHRSP exposed to phytoncides showed lower blood pressure than those without the exposure (186.8 +/- 3.9 vs 207.7 +/- 3.4 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01 by Student's t-test). 3. Consistent with the observation above, the plasma concentration of catecholamines under the restraint stress was lower in the phytoncides group than in the control group. 4. Based on these results, we concluded that phytoncides reduced the cardiovascular response to restraint stress in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawakami
- Department of Experimental Animals, Centre for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
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23
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Hossain SJ, Aoshima H, Koda H, Kiso Y. Review of Functional Studies of Beverage Components Acting on the Recombinant GABAANeuroreceptor, and Na+/Glucose Cotransporter-Response Using theXenopusOocyte Expression System and Electrophysiological Measurements. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430701534081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Komori T, Matsumoto T, Motomura E, Shiroyama T. The sleep-enhancing effect of valerian inhalation and sleep-shortening effect of lemon inhalation. Chem Senses 2006; 31:731-7. [PMID: 16857858 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjl015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of odorant inhalation on the sleep-wake states in rats. Odorants used in the experiment were clove, jasmine, lavender, lemon, peppermint, pine, rose, sandalwood, valerian, and ylang-ylang. Valerian and rose inhalation significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, whereas lemon inhalation significantly shortened it. The effect of valerian inhalation was markedly noticeable. In the anosmic rats, a significant effect of odorants on the pentobarbital sleep time was not seen. Electroencephalographic studies on natural sleep revealed that rose inhalation did not exert any significant effect on sleep, but a significant shortening in sleep latency and a significant prolonging in total sleep time were observed with valerian inhalation, whereas a significant prolonging in sleep latency was observed with lemon inhalation. Such effects of valerian and lemon inhalation were not admitted in anosmic rats. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase assay indicates that valerian inhalation decreases the activity of the enzyme and enhances GABA activity. Although valerian has been reported to exert a good effect for sleep as a medicine for internal use, the present study is the first medical report suggesting that the inhalation of valerian may enhance the sleep. On the other hand, the present results may suggest the possibility that lemon inhalation may cause a worsening of insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Komori
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Johnston GAR, Hanrahan JR, Chebib M, Duke RK, Mewett KN. Modulation of Ionotropic GABA Receptors by Natural Products of Plant Origin. GABA 2006; 54:285-316. [PMID: 17175819 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(06)54012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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26
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Current Awareness in Flavour and Fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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