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Wang X, Xu M, Ren X, Li M, Wang C, Yang F, Li X. High-Level Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Maltotetraose Amylase in Pichia pastoris X-33 for Maltotetraose Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04871-0. [PMID: 38407782 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Maltotetraose amylase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of amylaceous polysaccharides into maltooligosaccharides with maltotetraose as the main product, is extensively used in the food industry. However, the lack of efficient expression system for maltotetraose amylase has hampered its production and application. In this study, high-level production of a maltotetraose amylase mutant (referred to as Pp-Mta∆CBM) from Pseudomonas saccharophila was achieved in Pichia pastoris X-33. First, the gene of maltotetraose amylase with the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) removed was codon-optimized and cloned into the pPICZαA vector, followed by transformation into P. pastoris X-33 for expression. Using the promoter PAOX1 and signal peptide α-factor, high-level production of Pp-Mta∆CBM with minimal extracellular impurity proteins was achieved, resulting in an extracellular activity of 367.9 U/mL after 7 days of cultivation in shake flasks. Next, the expressed Pp-Mta∆CBM was purified and characterized. This recombinant enzyme was glycosylated and has maximum activity at 55 ℃ and pH 7.0. Its Km for soluble starch was 4.1 g/L, and its kcat was 3237.6 s-1. Finally, the Pp-Mta∆CBM was found to produce a maximum maltotetraose yield of 57.1% in the presence of 200 g/L of substrate. The findings presented in this study demonstrate the efficient production of Pp-Mta∆CBM in P. pastoris, providing a new expression system for maltotetraose amylase and laying the foundation for its scale-up production and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ren
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Conggang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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Hocq L, Habrylo O, Sénéchal F, Voxeur A, Pau-Roblot C, Safran J, Fournet F, Bassard S, Battu V, Demailly H, Tovar JC, Pilard S, Marcelo P, Savary BJ, Mercadante D, Njo MF, Beeckman T, Boudaoud A, Gutierrez L, Pelloux J, Lefebvre V. Mutation of AtPME2, a pH-Dependent Pectin Methylesterase, Affects Cell Wall Structure and Hypocotyl Elongation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:301-318. [PMID: 38190549 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify homogalacturonan's chemistry and play a key role in regulating primary cell wall mechanical properties. Here, we report on Arabidopsis AtPME2, which we found to be highly expressed during lateral root emergence and dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. We showed that dark-grown hypocotyl elongation was reduced in knock-out mutant lines as compared to the control. The latter was related to the decreased total PME activity as well as increased stiffness of the cell wall in the apical part of the hypocotyl. To relate phenotypic analyses to the biochemical specificity of the enzyme, we produced the mature active enzyme using heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and characterized it through the use of a generic plant PME antiserum. AtPME2 is more active at neutral compared to acidic pH, on pectins with a degree of 55-70% methylesterification. We further showed that the mode of action of AtPME2 can vary according to pH, from high processivity (at pH8) to low processivity (at pH5), and relate these observations to the differences in electrostatic potential of the protein. Our study brings insights into how the pH-dependent regulation by PME activity could affect the pectin structure and associated cell wall mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Hocq
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Olivier Habrylo
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Fabien Sénéchal
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Josip Safran
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Françoise Fournet
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Virginie Battu
- Plant Reproduction and Development Laboratory, ENS de Lyon UMR 5667, BP 7000, Lyon cedex 07 69342, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Molecular Biology Platform (CRRBM), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - José C Tovar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 600, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Serge Pilard
- Analytical Platform (PFA), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Cellular imaging and protein analysis platform (ICAP), University of Picardie, Avenue Laënnec,CHU Sud, CURS, Amiens cedex 1 80054, France
| | - Brett J Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 600, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maria Fransiska Njo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Molecular Biology Platform (CRRBM), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
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Gholizadeh A. Pectin methylesterase activity of plant DUF538 protein superfamily. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:829-839. [PMID: 32255943 PMCID: PMC7113335 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DUF538 (domain of unknown function 538) proteins are known as a group of putative hypothetical proteins in a wide range of plant species. They have been identified from some plants challenged with various environmental stresses. However, a little is known about their functional properties. They have been newly predicted to have binding capacity and esterase-type hydrolytic activity towards bacterial lipopolysaccharides and chlorophyll molecules as carboxylic compounds in plants. In the present study, the binding ability and the methylesterase activity of DUF538 proteins towards pectin molecules were also predicted. Their similarities to pectin methylesterases and their binding ability to pectin molecule were predicted using bioinformatic tools as well as the experimental method. A probable cooperation was speculated between DUF538 and pectin methylesterase protein families in cell wall associated defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Gholizadeh
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Jiang X, Chen P, Yin M, Yang Q. Constitutive expression, purification and characterisation of pectin methylesterase from Aspergillus niger in Pichia pastoris for potential application in the fruit juice industry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:375-381. [PMID: 22806239 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin methylesterase (PME) catalyses the hydrolysis of the methyl ester of pectin, yielding free carboxyl groups and methanol. PME is widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. RESULTS PME from Aspergillus niger was constitutively expressed to a high level in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant PME was purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange chromatography, giving an overall yield of 28.0%. It appeared as a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a molecular mass of about 45 kDa. Optimal activity of the enzyme occurred at a temperature of 50 °C and a pH of 4.7. The K(m), V(max) and k(cat) values of the enzyme with respect to pectin were 8.6 mmol L⁻¹ [Formula: See Text], 1.376 mmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ and 8.26 × 10² s⁻¹ respectively. Cations such as K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺ slightly inhibited its activity, whereas Na⁺ had no effect. CONCLUSION PME from A. niger was constitutively expressed to a high level in P. pastoris without methanol induction. The recombinant PME was purified and characterised and shown to be a good candidate for potential application in the fruit juice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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Hsiao ESL, Chen JCF, Tsai HY, Khoo KH, Chen ST, Tzen JTC. Determination of N-glycosylation site and glycan structures of pectin methylesterase in jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang) Achenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6757-6763. [PMID: 19594159 DOI: 10.1021/jf9011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) in jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang) achenes is an N-glycosylated enzyme responsible for the gelation of jelly curd. A recombinant jelly fig PME was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and confirmed by immunodetection and LC-nanoESI-MS/MS analysis. To identify the N-glycosylation site, native PME and its deglycosylated and recombinant forms, which lacked glycan, were purified and subjected to comparative MALDI-MS mapping of the corresponding tryptic fragments. The results showed that N-glycosylation occurred at Asn(153) of the mature jelly fig PME, the only glycosylation site predicted by its sequence analysis. The major N-glycans released from the native PME by PNGase F were identified by MS/MS analyses as xylosylated, noncore fucosylated pauci-mannose, and complex-type structures. Molecular modeling of the 3D structure of jelly fig PME indicated that the N-glycan was putatively attached to the back region of the active site of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S L Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ciardiello MA, D'Avino R, Amoresano A, Tuppo L, Carpentieri A, Carratore V, Tamburrini M, Giovane A, Pucci P, Camardella L. The peculiar structural features of kiwi fruit pectin methylesterase: Amino acid sequence, oligosaccharides structure, and modeling of the interaction with its natural proteinaceous inhibitor. Proteins 2008; 71:195-206. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.21681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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