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Ye H, Luo L, Wang J, Jiang K, Yue T, Yang H. Highly galloylated and A-type prodelphinidins and procyanidins in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) peel. Food Chem 2022; 378:131972. [PMID: 35032795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The structure of persimmon peel proanthocyanidins (PPPAs) was characterized. After acid catalysis of PPPAs in the presence of phloroglucinol, five reaction products such as (epi)gallocatechin-phloroglucinol ((E)GC-ph) etc. were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. FT-IR analysis confirmed that all of the compounds exhibited a 2, 3-cis configuration. Therefore, the extension units in PPPAs were EGC, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate and only EGCG was detected as the terminal unit. PPPAs contained 25.21% of procyanidins and 74.79% of prodelphindins and had a high degree of 3-O-galloylation (>74.79%). The mean degree of polymerization of PPPAs was calculated to be 10.18. MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that A-type linkage and galloylation existed commonly in PPPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfeng Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haihua Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. From Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon) Phytochemical Profile and Health Impact to New Product Perspectives and Waste Valorization. Nutrients 2021; 13:3283. [PMID: 34579162 PMCID: PMC8465508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit's phytochemical profile includes carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, and gallic acid among other phenolic compounds and vitamins. A huge antioxidant potential is present given this richness in antioxidant compounds. These bioactive compounds impact on health benefits. The intersection of nutrition and sustainability, the key idea behind the EAT-Lancet Commission, which could improve human health and decrease the global impact of food-related health conditions such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, bring the discussion regarding persimmon beyond the health effects from its consumption, but also on the valorization of a very perishable food that spoils quickly. A broad option of edible products with better storage stability or solutions that apply persimmon and its byproducts in the reinvention of old products or even creating new products, or with new and better packaging for the preservation of food products with postharvest technologies to preserve and extend the shelf-life of persimmon food products. Facing a global food crisis and the climate emergency, new and better day-to-day solutions are needed right now. Therefore, the use of persimmon waste has also been discussed as a good solution to produce biofuel, eco-friendly alternative reductants for fabric dyes, green plant growth regulator, biodegradable and edible films for vegetable packaging, antimicrobial activity against foodborne methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus found in retail pork, anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from pedicel extracts, and persimmon pectin-based emulsifiers to prevent lipid peroxidation, among other solutions presented in the revised literature. It has become clear that the uses for persimmon go far beyond the kitchen table and the health impact consumption demonstrated over the years. The desired sustainable transition is already in progress, however, mechanistic studies and clinical trials are essential and scaling-up is fundamental to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
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Abe K, Okada S, Ishijima T. The activities of the ILSI Japan endowed chair, at the University of Tokyo, regarding functional food genomics. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:35-39. [PMID: 33259622 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Abe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Peng L, Ahn HR, Jung SH, Choi Y. Quantification and Distribution Evaluation of Quercetin and Kaempferol in Rat Eyes after Oral Administration of EEDK Using Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung 25451 South Korea
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology Daejeon 305‐350 South Korea
| | - Hong Ryul Ahn
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung 25451 South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung 25451 South Korea
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology Daejeon 305‐350 South Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung 25451 South Korea
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology Daejeon 305‐350 South Korea
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Izuchi R, Ishijima T, Okada S, Abe K, Nakai Y. Hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis in KK-A y mice is modulated by administration of persimmon peel extract: A DNA microarray study. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1657-1663. [PMID: 30258609 PMCID: PMC6145309 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Previously, we showed that the intake of a persimmon peel (PP) extract altered hepatic gene expression associated with the insulin signaling pathway and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors in nonobese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of fat-soluble PP extract on obese type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice with insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS KK-Ay mice were fed a diet mixed with 0.1% of the extract for 8 weeks. The total ketone body levels in the plasma of PP extract-fed mice were significantly lower than those in the normal diet-fed mice. Hepatic nonesterified palmitic acid content was higher in the PP extract-fed mice than in normal diet-fed mice. The hepatic gene expression profiles of the treated mice indicated upregulation of fatty acid synthesis and downregulation of inflammation-associated genes, predicting SREBP-1c and PPARγ activation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PP extract enhances hepatic fatty acid synthesis via SREBP-1c and PPARγ, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in KK-Ay mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
- Project on Health and Anti‐agingKanagawa Academy of Science and Technology Life Science & Environment Research CenterKawasakiJapan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
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Brusotti G, Montanari R, Capelli D, Cattaneo G, Laghezza A, Tortorella P, Loiodice F, Peiretti F, Bonardo B, Paiardini A, Calleri E, Pochetti G. Betulinic acid is a PPARγ antagonist that improves glucose uptake, promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5777. [PMID: 28720829 PMCID: PMC5516003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PPAR antagonists are ligands that bind their receptor with high affinity without transactivation activity. Recently, they have been demonstrated to maintain insulin-sensitizing and antidiabetic properties, and they serve as an alternative treatment for metabolic diseases. In this work, an affinity-based bioassay was found to be effective for selecting PPAR ligands from the dried extract of an African plant (Diospyros bipindensis). Among the ligands, we identified betulinic acid (BA), a compound already known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and antidiabetic properties, as a PPARγ and PPARα antagonist. Cell differentiation assays showed that BA inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis; either down-regulates or does not affect the expression of a series of adipogenic markers; and up-regulates the expression of osteogenic markers. Moreover, BA increases basal glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The crystal structure of the complex of BA with PPARγ sheds light, at the molecular level, on the mechanism by which BA antagonizes PPARγ, and indicates a unique binding mode of this antagonist type. The results of this study show that the natural compound BA could be an interesting and safe candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Brusotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29, 300, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29, 300, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E.Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Inserm UMR 1062, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Bonardo
- Inserm UMR 1062, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29, 300, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy.
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DNA Microarray-Based Screening and Characterization of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MICROARRAYS 2017; 6:microarrays6010004. [PMID: 28146102 PMCID: PMC5374364 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of DNA microarray assay (DMA) has entered a new era owing to recent innovations in omics technologies. This review summarizes recent applications of DMA-based gene expression profiling by focusing on the screening and characterizationof traditional Chinese medicine. First, herbs, mushrooms, and dietary plants analyzed by DMA along with their effective components and their biological/physiological effects are summarized and discussed by examining their comprehensive list and a list of representative effective chemicals. Second, the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized by examining the genes and pathways responsible for the action, the cell functions involved in the action, and the activities found by DMA (silent estrogens). Third, applications of DMA for traditional Chinese medicine are discussed by examining reported examples and new protocols for its use in quality control. Further innovations in the signaling pathway based evaluation of beneficial effects and the assessment of potential risks of traditional Chinese medicine are expected, just as are observed in other closely related fields, such as the therapeutic, environmental, nutritional, and pharmacological fields.
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Kim SC, Jang HC, Lee SD, Jung HJ, Park JC, Lee SH, Kim TH, Choi BH. Changes in expression of insulin signaling pathway genes by dietary fat source in growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 56:12. [PMID: 26290701 PMCID: PMC4540300 DOI: 10.1186/2055-0391-56-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in gene expression by dietary fat source, i.e., beef tallow, soybean oil, olive oil, and coconut oil (each 3% in feed), in both male and female growing-finishing pigs. Real-time PCR was conducted on seven genes (insulin receptor; INSR, insulin receptor substrate; IRS, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate; PIP3, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1; PDK1, protein kinase B; Akt, forkhead box protein O1; FOXO1 and cGMP-inhibited 3', 5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase; PDE3) located upstream of the insulin signaling pathway in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of pigs. The INSR, IRS, PIP3, and PDE3 genes showed significantly differential expression in barrow pigs. Expression of the PIP3 and FOXO1 genes was significantly different among the four dietary groups in gilt pigs. In particular, the PIP3 gene showed the opposite expression pattern between barrow and gilt pigs. These results show that dietary fat source affected patterns of gene expression according to animal gender. Further, the results indicate that the type of dietary fat affects insulin signaling-related gene expression in the LM of pigs. These results can be applied to livestock production by promoting the use of discriminatory feed supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chang Kim
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan-gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hong-Chul Jang
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan-gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheon-an, Chungnam, 330-801 Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Jung
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheon-an, Chungnam, 330-801 Korea
| | - Jun-Cheol Park
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheon-an, Chungnam, 330-801 Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan-gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan-gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan-gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
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Tachibana N, Yamashita Y, Nagata M, Wanezaki S, Ashida H, Horio F, Kohno M. Soy β-conglycinin improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:160-7. [PMID: 24461318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the underlying mechanism is unclear, β-conglycinin (βCG), the major component of soy proteins, regulates blood glucose levels. Here, we hypothesized that consumption of βCG would normalize blood glucose levels by ameliorating insulin resistance and stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. To test our hypothesis, we investigated the antidiabetic action of βCG in spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Our results revealed that plasma adiponectin levels and adiponectin receptor 1 messenger RNA expression in skeletal muscle were higher in βCG-fed rats than in casein-fed rats. Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMP kinase) but not phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase was activated in βCG-fed GK rats. Subsequently, βCG increased translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane. Unlike the results in skeletal muscle, the increase in adiponectin receptor 1 did not lead to AMP kinase activation in the liver of βCG-fed rats. The down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1, which is induced by low insulin levels, promoted the increase in hepatic insulin receptor substrate 2 expression. Based on these findings, we concluded that consumption of soy βCG improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via AMP kinase activation and ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance and that these actions may help normalize blood glucose levels in GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Co, Ltd, 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano 598-8540, Japan.
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Frontiers, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nagata
- Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Co, Ltd, 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano 598-8540, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wanezaki
- Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Co, Ltd, 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano 598-8540, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Frontiers, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kohno
- Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Co, Ltd, 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano 598-8540, Japan
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Osada J. The use of transcriptomics to unveil the role of nutrients in Mammalian liver. ISRN NUTRITION 2013; 2013:403792. [PMID: 24967258 PMCID: PMC4045299 DOI: 10.5402/2013/403792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver is the organ primarily responding to diet, and it is crucial in determining plasma carbohydrate, protein, and lipid levels. In addition, it is mainly responsible for transformation of xenobiotics. For these reasons, it has been a target of transcriptomic analyses. In this review, we have covered the works dealing with the response of mammalian liver to different nutritional stimuli such as fasting/feeding, caloric restriction, dietary carbohydrate, cholesterol, fat, protein, bile acid, salt, vitamin, and oligoelement contents. Quality of fats or proteins has been equally addressed, and has the influence of minor dietary components. Other compounds, not purely nutritional as those represented by alcohol and food additives, have been included due to their relevance in processed food. The influence has been studied not only on mRNA but also on miRNA. The wide scope of the technology clearly reflects that any simple intervention has profound changes in many metabolic parameters and that there is a synergy in response when more compounds are included in the intervention. Standardized arrays to systematically test the same genes in all studies and analyzing data to establish patterns of response are required, particularly for RNA sequencing. Moreover, RNA is a valuable, easy-screening ally but always requires further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain ; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:248-254. [PMID: 22576583 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283543033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Pierson JT, Dietzgen RG, Shaw PN, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR, Gidley MJ. Major Australian tropical fruits biodiversity: Bioactive compounds and their bioactivities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:357-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Adachi K, Fukumorita K, Araki M, Zaima N, Chiba S, Kishimura H, Saeki H. Transcriptome analysis of the duodenum in Wistar rats fed a trypsin inhibitor derived from squid viscera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9001-9010. [PMID: 21761937 DOI: 10.1021/jf2016754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of oral administration of a trypsin inhibitor (TI), normal Wistar rats were fed a TI derived from squid (Todarodes pacificus) for 10 weeks and gene expression profiles in the duodenum, pancreas, liver, and muscle were then analyzed using DNA microarrays. Although no significant changes could be observed in growth, food intake, tissue weight, or blood tests among the tissues tested, the duodenum showed the most remarkable changes in the global gene expression profile. Significant up-regulation of mRNAs encoding gastrin, gastrokine, cholecystokinin and somatostatin in the duodenum was validated by qPCR analysis. In gene ontology (GO) analysis of the up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GO terms related to keratinization and innate mucosal defense were enriched (p < 0.001) in the category of biological processes in addition to assumable terms such as regulation of secretion and response to nutrients, vesicle-mediated transport, and so forth. In the same analysis, calcium ion binding was listed at the deepest hierarchy in the category of molecular function. These results indicate that the duodenum responds to TI treatment by a wider range of physiological processes than previously assumed such as keratinocyte differentiation and innate mucosal defense, in which calcium plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Adachi
- Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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