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Liang S, Jiang Y, Zhang M. Integrative analysis of the effects of organic and conventional farming methods on peanut based on transcriptome and metabolomics. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113065. [PMID: 37330858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the nutritional quality of peanut under different farming methods, we selected two cultivars, "jihua13" and "jihua4", to grow in organic and conventional environments, respectively. After harvest, we measured physiological parameters and differential metabolites. Metabolomics showed that most of the amino acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites in organically grown jihua4 were downregulated, which was completely the opposite in jihua13. Fatty acids associated with heart disease and hypertension are reduced in organically grown peanuts. In particular, the highly statistically significant tryptophan betaine seems to be used as a reference to distinguish between organic and conventional cultivation. Mechanisms leading to differences in crop chemical composition are explained by transcriptome analysis. The results of the transcriptome analysis indicated that organic cultivation largely affects the synthesis of amino acids and carbohydrates in jihua13. Combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics found that variety jihua13 is more sensitive to farming methods and produces more unsaturated fatty acids than jihua4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangjie Jiang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Mackay-Smith A, Dornon MK, Lucier R, Okimoto A, Mendonca de Sousa F, Rodriguero M, Confalonieri V, Lanteri AA, Sequeira AS. Host-specific gene expression as a tool for introduction success in Naupactus parthenogenetic weevils. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248202. [PMID: 34329290 PMCID: PMC8323892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food resource access can mediate establishment success in invasive species, and generalist herbivorous insects are thought to rely on mechanisms of transcriptional plasticity to respond to dietary variation. While asexually reproducing invasives typically have low genetic variation, the twofold reproductive capacity of asexual organisms is a marked advantage for colonization. We studied host-related transcriptional acclimation in parthenogenetic, invasive, and polyphagous weevils: Naupactus cervinus and N. leucoloma. We analyzed patterns of gene expression in three gene categories that can mediate weevil-host plant interactions through identification of suitable host plants, short-term acclimation to host plant defenses, and long-term adaptation to host plant defenses and their pathogens. This approach employed comparative transcriptomic methods to investigate differentially expressed host detection, detoxification, immune defense genes, and pathway-level gene set enrichment. Our results show that weevil gene expression responses can be host plant-specific, and that elements of that response can be maintained in the offspring. Some host plant groups, such as legumes, appear to be more taxing as they elicit a complex gene expression response which is both strong in intensity and specific in identity. However, the weevil response to taxing host plants shares many differentially expressed genes with other stressful situations, such as host plant cultivation conditions and transition to novel host, suggesting that there is an evolutionarily favorable shared gene expression regime for responding to different types of stressful situations. Modulating gene expression in the absence of other avenues for phenotypic adaptation may be an important mechanism of successful colonization for these introduced insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Mackay-Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary Kate Dornon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rosalind Lucier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Okimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Flavia Mendonca de Sousa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marcela Rodriguero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Confalonieri
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia A. Lanteri
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea S. Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
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3
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Krey KL, Nabity PD, Blubaugh CK, Fu Z, Van Leuven JT, Reganold JP, Berim A, Gang DR, Jensen AS, Snyder WE. Organic Farming Sharpens Plant Defenses in the Field. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020; 4. [PMID: 33073178 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants deploy a variety of chemical and physical defenses to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens. Organic farming seeks to enhance these responses by improving soil quality, ultimately altering bottom up regulation of plant defenses. While laboratory studies suggest this approach is effective, it remains unclear whether organic agriculture encourages more-active plant defenses under real-world conditions. Working on the farms of cooperating growers, we examined gene expression in the leaves of two potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties, grown on organic vs. conventional farms. For one variety, Norkotah, we found significantly heightened initiation of genes associated with plant-defense pathways in plants grown in organic vs. conventional fields. Organic Norkotah fields exhibited lower levels of nitrate in soil and of nitrogen in plant foliage, alongside differences in communities of soil bacteria, suggesting possible links between soil management and observed differences in plant defenses. Additionally, numbers of predatory and phloem-feeding insects were higher in organic than conventional fields. A second potato variety, Alturas, which is generally grown using fewer inputs and in poorer-quality soils, exhibited lower overall herbivore and predator numbers, few differences in soil ecology, and no differences in gene-activity in organic and conventional farming systems. Altogether, our results suggest that organic farming has the potential to increase plants' resistance to herbivores, possibly facilitating reduced need for insecticide applications. These benefits appear to be mediated by plant variety and/or farming context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol L Krey
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Paul D Nabity
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Carmen K Blubaugh
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Zhen Fu
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - James T Van Leuven
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - John P Reganold
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Anna Berim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Andrew S Jensen
- Northwest Potato Research Consortium, Lakeview, OR, United States
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Pathways and Hormone Activities Involved in Early Microtuber Formation of Dioscorea opposita. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8057929. [PMID: 32258146 PMCID: PMC7086419 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8057929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) is an important tuberous crop used for both food and medicine. Despite a long history of cultivation, the understanding of D. opposita genetics and molecular biology remains scant, which has limited its genetic improvement. This work presents a de novo transcriptome sequencing analysis of microtuber formation in D. opposita. We assembled cDNA libraries from different stages during the process of microtuber formation, designated as initial explants (EXP), axillary bud proliferation after three weeks (BUD), and microtuber visible after four weeks (MTV). More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways were identified between BUD vs. EXP than in MTV vs. BUD, indicating that proliferation of the axillary bud is the key stage of microtuber induction. Gene classification and pathway enrichment analysis showed that microtuber formation is tightly coordinated with primary metabolism, such as amino acid biosynthesis, ribosomal component biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The formation of the microtuber is regulated by a variety of plant hormones, including ABA. Combined with analysis of physiological data, we suggest that ABA positively regulates tuberization in D. opposita. This study will serve as an empirical foundation for future molecular studies and for the propagation of D. opposita germplasm in field crops.
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Sharpe RM, Gustafson L, Hewitt S, Kilian B, Crabb J, Hendrickson C, Jiwan D, Andrews P, Dhingra A. Concomitant phytonutrient and transcriptome analysis of mature fruit and leaf tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Oregon Spring) grown using organic and conventional fertilizer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227429. [PMID: 31931517 PMCID: PMC6957345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced levels of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamin C have been reported for several crops grown under organic fertilizer, albeit with yield penalties. As organic agricultural practices continue to grow and find favor it is critical to gain an understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the factors that limit the yields in organically farmed crops. Concomitant phytochemical and transcriptomic analysis was performed on mature fruit and leaf tissues derived from Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Oregon Spring’ grown under organic and conventional fertilizer conditions to evaluate the following hypotheses. 1. Organic soil fertilizer management results in greater allocation of photosynthetically derived resources to the synthesis of secondary metabolites than to plant growth, and 2. Genes involved in changes in the accumulation of phytonutrients under organic fertilizer regime will exhibit differential expression, and that the growth under different fertilizer treatments will elicit a differential response from the tomato genome. Both these hypotheses were supported, suggesting an adjustment of the metabolic and genomic activity of the plant in response to different fertilizers. Organic fertilizer treatment showed an activation of photoinhibitory processes through differential activation of nitrogen transport and assimilation genes resulting in higher accumulation of phytonutrients. This information can be used to identify alleles for breeding crops that allow for efficient utilization of organic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Sharpe
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Luke Gustafson
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Seanna Hewitt
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - James Crabb
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Christopher Hendrickson
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Derick Jiwan
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Preston Andrews
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University,Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kok E, van Dijk J, Voorhuijzen M, Staats M, Slot M, Lommen A, Venema D, Pla M, Corujo M, Barros E, Hutten R, Jansen J, van der Voet H. Omics analyses of potato plant materials using an improved one-class classification tool to identify aberrant compositional profiles in risk assessment procedures. Food Chem 2018; 292:350-358. [PMID: 31054687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess potato omics profiles of new varieties for meaningful differences from analogous profiles of commercial varieties through the SIMCA one-class classification model. Analytical profiles of nine commercial potato varieties, eleven experimental potato varieties, one GM potato variety that had acquired Phytophtora resistance based on a single insert with potato-derived DNA sequences, and its non-GM commercial counterpart were generated. The ten conventional varieties were used to construct the one-class model. Omics profiles from experimental non-GM and GM varieties were assessed using the one-class SIMCA models. No potential unintended effects were identified in the case of the GM variety. The model showed that varieties that were genetically more distant from the commercial varieties were recognized as aberrant, highlighting its potential in determining whether additional evaluation is required for the risk assessment of materials produced from any breeding technique, including genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kok
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen van Dijk
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Voorhuijzen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Staats
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Slot
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Lommen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dini Venema
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Pla
- University of Girona, Institute for Food and Agricultural Technology (INTEA), Campus Montilivi (EPS-1), 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Corujo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Barros
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Biosciences, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Hutten
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- University of Nijmegen, Comeniuslaan 4, 6525 HP Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hilko van der Voet
- Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Freitag S, Verrall SR, Pont SDA, McRae D, Sungurtas JA, Palau R, Hawes C, Alexander CJ, Allwood JW, Foito A, Stewart D, Shepherd LVT. Impact of Conventional and Integrated Management Systems on the Water-Soluble Vitamin Content in Potatoes, Field Beans, and Cereals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:831-841. [PMID: 29257861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of the environmental footprint of crop production without compromising crop yield and their nutritional value is a key goal for improving the sustainability of agriculture. In 2009, the Balruddery Farm Platform was established at The James Hutton Institute as a long-term experimental platform for cross-disciplinary research of crops using two agricultural ecosystems. Crops representative of UK agriculture were grown under conventional and integrated management systems and analyzed for their water-soluble vitamin content. Integrated management, when compared with the conventional system, had only minor effects on water-soluble vitamin content, where significantly higher differences were seen for the conventional management practice on the levels of thiamine in field beans (p < 0.01), Spring barley (p < 0.05), and Winter wheat (p < 0.05), and for nicotinic acid in Spring barley (p < 0.05). However, for all crops, variety and year differences were of greater importance. These results indicate that the integrated management system described in this study does not significantly affect the water-soluble vitamin content of the crops analyzed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Freitag
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Susan R Verrall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Simon D A Pont
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Diane McRae
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Julia A Sungurtas
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Raphaëlle Palau
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Cathy Hawes
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Colin J Alexander
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland , Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - J William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Alexandre Foito
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Louise V T Shepherd
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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Mie A, Andersen HR, Gunnarsson S, Kahl J, Kesse-Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Quaglio G, Grandjean P. Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environ Health 2017; 16:111. [PMID: 29073935 PMCID: PMC5658984 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises existing evidence on the impact of organic food on human health. It compares organic vs. conventional food production with respect to parameters important to human health and discusses the potential impact of organic management practices with an emphasis on EU conditions. Organic food consumption may reduce the risk of allergic disease and of overweight and obesity, but the evidence is not conclusive due to likely residual confounding, as consumers of organic food tend to have healthier lifestyles overall. However, animal experiments suggest that identically composed feed from organic or conventional production impacts in different ways on growth and development. In organic agriculture, the use of pesticides is restricted, while residues in conventional fruits and vegetables constitute the main source of human pesticide exposures. Epidemiological studies have reported adverse effects of certain pesticides on children's cognitive development at current levels of exposure, but these data have so far not been applied in formal risk assessments of individual pesticides. Differences in the composition between organic and conventional crops are limited, such as a modestly higher content of phenolic compounds in organic fruit and vegetables, and likely also a lower content of cadmium in organic cereal crops. Organic dairy products, and perhaps also meats, have a higher content of omega-3 fatty acids compared to conventional products. However, these differences are likely of marginal nutritional significance. Of greater concern is the prevalent use of antibiotics in conventional animal production as a key driver of antibiotic resistance in society; antibiotic use is less intensive in organic production. Overall, this review emphasises several documented and likely human health benefits associated with organic food production, and application of such production methods is likely to be beneficial within conventional agriculture, e.g., in integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Organic Food and Farming (EPOK), Ultuna, Sweden
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Animal Environment and Health, Skara, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kahl
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Research Unit on Nutritional Epidemiology (U1153 Inserm, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Université Paris 13), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Functional & Organic Food & Commodities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gianluca Quaglio
- Scientific Foresight Unit (Science and Technology Options Assessment [STOA]), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, USA
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10
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de Mello CS, Van Dijk JP, Voorhuijzen M, Kok EJ, Arisi ACM. Tuber proteome comparison of five potato varieties by principal component analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3928-3936. [PMID: 26799786 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data analysis of omics data should be performed by multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA). The way data are clustered in PCA is of major importance to develop some classification systems based on multivariate analysis, such as soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). In a previous study a one-class classifier based on SIMCA was built using microarray data from a set of potatoes. The PCA grouped the transcriptomic data according to varieties. The present work aimed to use PCA to verify the clustering of the proteomic profiles for the same potato varieties. RESULTS Proteomic profiles of five potato varieties (Biogold, Fontane, Innovator, Lady Rosetta and Maris Piper) were evaluated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) performed on two immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip lengths, 13 and 24 cm, both under pH range 4-7. For each strip length, two gels were prepared from each variety; in total there were ten gels per analysis. For 13 cm strips, 199-320 spots were detected per gel, and for 24 cm strips, 365-684 spots. CONCLUSION All four PCAs performed with these datasets presented clear grouping of samples according to the varieties. The data presented here showed that PCA was applicable for proteomic analysis of potato and was able to separate the samples by varieties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Souza de Mello
- Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jeroen P Van Dijk
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, NL-6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Voorhuijzen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, NL-6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J Kok
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, NL-6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Carolina Maisonnave Arisi
- Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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11
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Ladics GS, Bartholomaeus A, Bregitzer P, Doerrer NG, Gray A, Holzhauser T, Jordan M, Keese P, Kok E, Macdonald P, Parrott W, Privalle L, Raybould A, Rhee SY, Rice E, Romeis J, Vaughn J, Wal JM, Glenn K. Genetic basis and detection of unintended effects in genetically modified crop plants. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:587-603. [PMID: 25716164 PMCID: PMC4504983 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In January 2014, an international meeting sponsored by the International Life Sciences Institute/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency titled “Genetic Basis of Unintended Effects in Modified Plants” was held in Ottawa, Canada, bringing together over 75 scientists from academia, government, and the agro-biotech industry. The objectives of the meeting were to explore current knowledge and identify areas requiring further study on unintended effects in plants and to discuss how this information can inform and improve genetically modified (GM) crop risk assessments. The meeting featured presentations on the molecular basis of plant genome variability in general, unintended changes at the molecular and phenotypic levels, and the development and use of hypothesis-driven evaluations of unintended effects in assessing conventional and GM crops. The development and role of emerging “omics” technologies in the assessment of unintended effects was also discussed. Several themes recurred in a number of talks; for example, a common observation was that no system for genetic modification, including conventional methods of plant breeding, is without unintended effects. Another common observation was that “unintended” does not necessarily mean “harmful”. This paper summarizes key points from the information presented at the meeting to provide readers with current viewpoints on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Ladics
- DuPont Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Andrew Bartholomaeus
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Phil Bregitzer
- National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, US Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA
| | - Nancy G. Doerrer
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 15th St., NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA
| | - Alan Gray
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Wallingford, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Thomas Holzhauser
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Mark Jordan
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5 Canada
| | - Paul Keese
- Office of the Gene Technology Regulator, Australian Government, MDP54, GPO Box 9848, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Esther Kok
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Macdonald
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9 Canada
| | - Wayne Parrott
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Laura Privalle
- Bayer CropScience, 407 Davis Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Alan Raybould
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42 6EY UK
- Present Address: Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seung Yon Rhee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Elena Rice
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy W., CC5A, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justin Vaughn
- University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Jean-Michel Wal
- Dept. SVS, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Glenn
- Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd, U4NA, St. Louis, MO 63167 USA
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Cicatelli A, Baldantoni D, Iovieno P, Carotenuto M, Alfani A, De Feis I, Castiglione S. Genetically biodiverse potato cultivars grown on a suitable agricultural soil under compost amendment or mineral fertilization: yield, quality, genetic and epigenetic variations, soil properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:1025-1035. [PMID: 25016108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of compost for soil amendment is a promising agricultural practice environmentally and economically viable. In the framework of a wide research project designed to evaluate the effects of soil amendment with municipal solid waste compost in comparison with traditional mineral fertilization practices, 54 different cultivars (Cvs) of potatoes were AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) molecularly fingerprinted. The seven most genetically biodiverse potato Cvs were used to establish an experimental field in southern Italy. The field area was divided into two portions fertilized with compost (20 Mg ha(-1)) or with ammonium sulphate (200 kg ha(-1)). No significant differences in productivity, organoleptic characteristics and element concentrations were observed between the potato tubers obtained with both kinds of soil fertilization, while the tubers grown on compost amended soil showed, on average, higher K concentrations with respect to those grown on mineral fertilised soil. cDNA-AFLP (complementary DNA-AFLP) and MSAP (methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism) analyses were carried out on both leaves and tubers of one selected Cv to estimate if any transcriptome alterations or epigenetic modifications were induced by the two kinds of fertilization, however no variations were detected. Chemical and biological soil qualities (i.e., microbial respiration, FDA hydrolysis, alkaline and acid phosphatase) were assessed on soil samples at the start of the experiment and at the end of potato crop cycle. No significant differences in soil pH and limited ones, in the available fraction of some trace elements, were observed; while conductivity was much higher for the compost amended portion of the experimental field. Microbial respiration, FDA hydrolysis and acid phosphatase activities were significantly increased by compost amendment, in comparison with mineral fertilization. Finally, a sensory panel of potato Cvs detected no significant differences among qualitative descriptors and among potatoes coming from the two differently fertilized soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Daniela Baldantoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Paola Iovieno
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura (CRA-ORT), Pontecagnano (SA), Italy.
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Anna Alfani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Italia De Feis
- Istituto per Applicazioni della Matematica (CNR), Napoli, Italy.
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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13
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Barański M, Średnicka-Tober D, Volakakis N, Seal C, Sanderson R, Stewart GB, Benbrook C, Biavati B, Markellou E, Giotis C, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Rembiałkowska E, Skwarło-Sońta K, Tahvonen R, Janovská D, Niggli U, Nicot P, Leifert C. Higher antioxidant and lower cadmium concentrations and lower incidence of pesticide residues in organically grown crops: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:794-811. [PMID: 24968103 PMCID: PMC4141693 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Demand for organic foods is partially driven by consumers' perceptions that they are more nutritious. However, scientific opinion is divided on whether there are significant nutritional differences between organic and non-organic foods, and two recent reviews have concluded that there are no differences. In the present study, we carried out meta-analyses based on 343 peer-reviewed publications that indicate statistically significant and meaningful differences in composition between organic and non-organic crops/crop-based foods. Most importantly, the concentrations of a range of antioxidants such as polyphenolics were found to be substantially higher in organic crops/crop-based foods, with those of phenolic acids, flavanones, stilbenes, flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins being an estimated 19 (95 % CI 5, 33) %, 69 (95 % CI 13, 125) %, 28 (95 % CI 12, 44) %, 26 (95 % CI 3, 48) %, 50 (95 % CI 28, 72) % and 51 (95 % CI 17, 86) % higher, respectively. Many of these compounds have previously been linked to a reduced risk of chronic diseases, including CVD and neurodegenerative diseases and certain cancers, in dietary intervention and epidemiological studies. Additionally, the frequency of occurrence of pesticide residues was found to be four times higher in conventional crops, which also contained significantly higher concentrations of the toxic metal Cd. Significant differences were also detected for some other (e.g. minerals and vitamins) compounds. There is evidence that higher antioxidant concentrations and lower Cd concentrations are linked to specific agronomic practices (e.g. non-use of mineral N and P fertilisers, respectively) prescribed in organic farming systems. In conclusion, organic crops, on average, have higher concentrations of antioxidants, lower concentrations of Cd and a lower incidence of pesticide residues than the non-organic comparators across regions and production seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barański
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield,
Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK
| | - Dominika Średnicka-Tober
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield,
Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK
| | - Nikolaos Volakakis
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield,
Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development,
Newcastle University, Agriculture Building, Kings Road,
Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roy Sanderson
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley
Building, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gavin B. Stewart
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield,
Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK
| | - Charles Benbrook
- Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State
University, Pullman, WA,
USA
| | - Bruno Biavati
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture
and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin
42, 40127Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilia Markellou
- Department of Pesticide Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki
Phytopathological Institute, GR 14561 Kifissia,
Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Giotis
- Department of Organic Farming and Food Technology,
Technological Educational Institute of Ionian Islands,
Iosif Momferatou & Ilia Miniati PC28100, Argostoli, Cephalonia,
Greece
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life
Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life
Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology,
University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
| | - Raija Tahvonen
- Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland,
FI-31600Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Dagmar Janovská
- Department of Gene Bank, Crop Research Institute
(CRI), Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Praha 6 –Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Urs Niggli
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL),
Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070Frick, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Nicot
- INRA, UR407 Pathologie végétale, 67 allée des
chênes, F-84143Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Carlo Leifert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle
University, Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield,
Northumberland, NE43 7XD, UK
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14
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van Dijk JP, de Mello CS, Voorhuijzen MM, Hutten RCB, Arisi ACM, Jansen JJ, Buydens LMC, van der Voet H, Kok EJ. Safety assessment of plant varieties using transcriptomics profiling and a one-class classifier. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:297-303. [PMID: 25046166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An important part of the current hazard identification of novel plant varieties is comparative targeted analysis of the novel and reference varieties. Comparative analysis will become much more informative with unbiased analytical approaches, e.g. omics profiling. Data analysis estimating the similarity of new varieties to a reference baseline class of known safe varieties would subsequently greatly facilitate hazard identification. Further biological and eventually toxicological analysis would then only be necessary for varieties that fall outside this reference class. For this purpose, a one-class classifier tool was explored to assess and classify transcriptome profiles of potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties in a model study. Profiles of six different varieties, two locations of growth, two year of harvest and including biological and technical replication were used to build the model. Two scenarios were applied representing evaluation of a 'different' variety and a 'similar' variety. Within the model higher class distances resulted for the 'different' test set compared with the 'similar' test set. The present study may contribute to a more global hazard identification of novel plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Souza de Mello
- RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen J Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutgarde M C Buydens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Tétard-Jones C, Gatehouse AMR, Cooper J, Leifert C, Rushton S. Modelling pathways to Rubisco degradation: a structural equation network modelling approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87597. [PMID: 24498339 PMCID: PMC3911993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
'Omics analysis (transcriptomics, proteomics) quantifies changes in gene/protein expression, providing a snapshot of changes in biochemical pathways over time. Although tools such as modelling that are needed to investigate the relationships between genes/proteins already exist, they are rarely utilised. We consider the potential for using Structural Equation Modelling to investigate protein-protein interactions in a proposed Rubisco protein degradation pathway using previously published data from 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry proteome analysis. These informed the development of a prior model that hypothesised a pathway of Rubisco Large Subunit and Small Subunit degradation, producing both primary and secondary degradation products. While some of the putative pathways were confirmed by the modelling approach, the model also demonstrated features that had not been originally hypothesised. We used Bayesian analysis based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to generate output statistics suggesting that the model had replicated the variation in the observed data due to protein-protein interactions. This study represents an early step in the development of approaches that seek to enable the full utilisation of information regarding the dynamics of biochemical pathways contained within proteomics data. As these approaches gain attention, they will guide the design and conduct of experiments that enable 'Omics modelling to become a common place practice within molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tétard-Jones
- Molecular Agriculture Group, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Angharad M. R. Gatehouse
- Molecular Agriculture Group, School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Cooper
- Molecular Agriculture Group, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Molecular Agriculture Group, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Rushton
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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16
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Effects of Previous Crop Management, Fertilization Regime and Water Supply on Potato Tuber Proteome and Yield. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Capuano E, Boerrigter-Eenling R, van der Veer G, van Ruth SM. Analytical authentication of organic products: an overview of markers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:12-28. [PMID: 23070660 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumers' interest in organic foods is increasing and so is the need for robust analytical tools for their authentication. This review focuses on the most promising biomarkers/analytical approaches that are available for the authentication of organic produce. Food products have been subdivided into two groups: foods of plant origin (crops) and foods of animal origin (meat, milk and dairy products, eggs and fish). For each food category the most suitable biomarkers are presented and their potential for authentication is discussed. In the light of current knowledge, it is unlikely that the authentication of organic food products can be attained by the measurement of a single marker. Analytical approaches based on the measurement of multiple markers and/or complex chemical or physical profiles/fingerprints supported by multivariate statistical analysis seem considerably more promising in this respect. For the development of robust classification models, well-designed experimental studies must be performed that rely on data sets that are both well balanced and of sufficient size to ensure that all relevant sources of variation for the target biomarkers are included in the reference database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Capuano
- Cluster Authenticity and Nutrients, RIKILT - Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, NL-6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Mitter B, Brader G, Afzal M, Compant S, Naveed M, Trognitz F, Sessitsch A. Advances in Elucidating Beneficial Interactions Between Plants, Soil, and Bacteria. ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY 2013:381-445. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407685-3.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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19
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Tenea GN, Cordeiro Raposo F, Maquet A. Comparative transcriptome profiling in winter wheat grown under different agricultural practices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10970-10978. [PMID: 23039160 DOI: 10.1021/jf302705p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, has a dominant position in Europe due to its adaptability and consumer acceptance particularly as an organic food commodity. Organic agriculture is developing rapidly, and its authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as incorrect labeling can represent commercial fraud. A comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on winter wheat flag leaves of several cultivars growing in open fields under different agricultural production systems. Performing a microarray study, 10 transcripts differentially expressed in organic and conventional growing conditions were identified in Tommi and Centenaire cultivars. Transcript abundance profiles of selected probe sets were independently confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis, tested on Tommi, Centenaire, and Cubus cultivars from different growing-year and geographical sites. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that the global wheat transcriptome is influenced by the agricultural system indicating a promising approach for analytical verification of the production system of wheat at the farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Tenea
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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