1
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Mishra DR. Developments in the stereoselective synthesis of benzopyran, benzopyrone and flavonoid based natural product analogues using C-glycosides as an intrinsic chiral synthon. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109164. [PMID: 38815342 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis is essential for propelling mainstream academia toward a relentless pursuit of novel and cutting-edge strategies for constructing molecules with unparalleled precision. Naturally derived benzopyrans, benzopyrones, and flavonoids are an essentially prominent group of oxa-heterocycles, highly significant targets in medicinal chemistry owing to their extensive abundance in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. The molecular complexity and stereoselectivity induced by heterocycles embedded with C-glycosides have attracted considerable interest and emerged as a fascinating area of research for synthetic organic chemists. This present article emphasizes the existing growths in the strategies involving the diastereoselective synthesis of C-glycosylated benzopyrans, benzopyrones, and flavonoids using naturally acquired glycones as chiral synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Kamala Nehru Women's College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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2
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Norman EO, Tuohey H, Pizzi D, Saidah M, Bell R, Brkljača R, White JM, Gasser RB, Taki AC, Urban S. Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of the Australian Carnivorous Plant, Drosera magna. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:964-971. [PMID: 33631073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical profiling was undertaken on the crude extracts of Drosera magna to determine the nature of the chemical constituents present. In total, three new flavonol diglycosides (1-3), one new flavan-3-ol glycoside (4), and 12 previously reported compounds of the flavonol (5, 9), flavan-3-ol (15), flavanone (8), 1,4-napthoquinone (6, 7, 13, 14), 2,3-dehydroxynapthalene-1,4-dione (10-12), and phenolic acid (16) structure classes were isolated and identified. Compounds 1-9, 13, 17, and 18 were assessed for antimicrobial activity, with compounds 6, 7, 8, and 9 showing significant activity. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 were also evaluated for anthelmintic activity against larval forms of Hemonchus contortus, with compound 6 being active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Owen Norman
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Hayden Tuohey
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - David Pizzi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Milane Saidah
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Rachael Bell
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Robert Brkljača
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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3
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Vu NK, Kim CS, Ha MT, Ngo QMT, Park SE, Kwon H, Lee D, Choi JS, Kim JA, Min BS. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Flavonoid Derivatives from the Outer Skins of Allium cepa L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8797-8811. [PMID: 32603104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The onion, known as the bulb onion or common onion, is not only a key ingredient in many tasty and healthy vegetarian meals but also many traditional medicines. Nine new flavonoids [cepaflavas A, B (5, 6), cepadials A-D (7-9 and 14), and cepabiflas A-C (10-12)] and six known compounds (1-4, 13, 15) were obtained from the outer skins of Allium cepa L. Among them, compounds 5, 6, and 9 might be artificial products formed during extraction and isolation. New compounds were structurally elucidated using various spectroscopy/spectrometry techniques, including NMR and HRMS, and computational methods. Their absolute configurations were determined using time-dependent density functional theory calculations, combined with ECD spectroscopy, optical rotation calculation, and statistical procedures (CP3 and DP4 analysis). The free radical scavenging assays revealed that the new compounds 10-12 possessed considerable antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 4.25-8.88 and 7.12-8.14 μM against DPPH and ABTS•+, respectively. Compounds 13-15 showed substantial inhibitory activities against both α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with IC50 values of 0.89-6.80 and 1.13-6.82 μM, respectively. On the basis of molecular docking studies, 13 and 15 were predicted to have high binding capacity and strong affinity toward the active site of PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Khanh Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Manh Tuan Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh-Mai Thi Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyen Binh Khiem, Hai Phong 180000, Viet Nam
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwon
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
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Raksat A, Maneerat W, Andersen RJ, Pyne SG, Laphookhieo S. A tocotrienol quinone dimer and xanthones from the leaf extract of Garcinia nigrolineata. Fitoterapia 2019; 136:104175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Wen H, Chen C, Sun W, Zang Y, Li Q, Wang W, Zeng F, Liu J, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Wang J, Luo Z, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Phenolic C-Glycosides and Aglycones from Marine-Derived Aspergillus sp. and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1098-1106. [PMID: 31012585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Aspergillus sp. led to the isolation and characterization of 13 phenolic compounds, including 10 new compounds (1-10). Seven new compounds (1-7) are unusual phenolic C-glycosides, while the other new compounds (8-10) are structurally related aglycones. The chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of these new C-glycosides were determined by comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra with those of calculated ones. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were evaluated, and compound 9 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 6.0 ± 0.5 μM in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, compound 9 also showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the NF-κB-activated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
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6
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Stark TD, Ranner J, Stiglbauer B, Weiss P, Stark S, Balemba OB, Hofmann T. Construction and Application of a Database for a Five-Dimensional Identification of Natural Compounds in Garcinia Species by Means of UPLC-ESI-TWIMS-TOF-MS: Introducing Gas Phase Polyphenol Conformer Drift Time Distribution Intensity Ratios. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:975-985. [PMID: 30576604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four reference compounds from G. buchananii were analyzed by means of UPLC-ESI-IMS-TOF-MS to build a database consisting of retention time, accurate m/ z of precursors and fragment ions, and rotationally averaged collision cross-sectional area (CCS). The CCS value of six selected compounds analyzed in bark extract in different concentrations and solvent systems showed excellent intra- and interday precision (RSD ≤ 0.9%). The established database was applied on different organs of G. buchananii as well as G. kola, G. mangostana, and G. cambogia enabling a fast and reliable identification of these natural bioactives. For several compounds, more than one drift time species could be highlighted, which we propose to be hydrogen bond stabilized rotational isomers transferred from solution to gas phase. We used all CCS values of one compound, and we propose to add also the intensity ratio of the conformers as a new and additional characteristic compound parameter in compound identification/screening/database applications to reduce dereplication and false positives and to strengthen the identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo D Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Josef Ranner
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Benedikt Stiglbauer
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Patrick Weiss
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Sofie Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Onesmo B Balemba
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Idaho , Moscow , Idaho 83844 , United States
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
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7
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Matsutomo T, Stark TD, Hofmann T. Targeted screening and quantitative analyses of antioxidant compounds in aged-garlic extract. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Acharya S, Stark TD, Oh ST, Jeon S, Pak SC, Kim M, Hur J, Matsutomo T, Hofmann T, Hill RA, Balemba OB. (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-Manniflavanone Protects Proliferating Skeletal Muscle Cells against Oxidative Stress and Stimulates Myotube Formation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3636-3646. [PMID: 28430433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidative properties of (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (MF) using in vitro assays and examined its effects on myogenesis and lactate-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 cells. MF was purified from Garcinia buchananii stem bark. H2O2 and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays demonstrated that MF is a powerful antioxidant. This finding was supported by diphenylpicrylhydrazine radical scavenging activity of MF. MF was less cytotoxic to C2C12 cells compared to ascorbic acid and myricetin. Moreover, MF accelerated myotube formation in the differentiated C2C12 cells by up-regulating myogenic proteins such as MyoG and myosin heavy chain. Furthermore, MF rescued late differentiation of myoblast suppressed by lactate treatment and up-regulated the expression levels of Nrf2 in lactate-induced oxidative stress, indicating that MF stimulates antioxidative activity inside C2C12 cells. Collectively, MF is a potent antioxidant with a higher safety profile than ascorbic acid and myricetin. It reduces oxidative stress-induced delaying of skeletal muscle differentiation by scavenging reactive oxygen species and regulating myogenic proteins factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Acharya
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Seung Tack Oh
- Research Institute, Dongkwang Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. , Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04535, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, New South Wales 2795, Australia
| | - Mina Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnamsi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnamsi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rodney A Hill
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, New South Wales 2795, Australia
| | - Onesmo B Balemba
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
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Balemba OB, Stark TD, Lösch S, Patterson S, McMillan JS, Mawe GM, Hofmann T. (2R,3S,2'' R,3''R)-manniflavanone, a new gastrointestinal smooth muscle L-type calcium channel inhibitor, which underlies the spasmolytic properties of Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract. J Smooth Muscle Res 2016; 50:48-65. [PMID: 26081368 PMCID: PMC4826780 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.50.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia buchananii Baker stem bark extract (GBB) is a traditional
medication of diarrhea and dysentery in sub-Saharan Africa. It is believed that GBB causes
gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation. The aim of this study was to determine whether
GBB has spasmolytic actions and identify compounds underlying these actions. Calcium
(Ca2+) imaging was used to analyze the effect of GBB on Ca2+
flashes and Ca2+ waves in guinea pig gallbladder and distal colon smooth
muscle. Intracellular microelectrode recording was used to determine the effect of GBB,
six fractions of GBB, M1–5 and M7, and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone,
a compound isolated from M3 on action potentials in gallbladder smooth muscle. The
technique was also used to analyze the effect of GBB, M3, and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone
on action potentials in the circular muscle of mouse and guinea pig distal colons, and the
effect of GBB and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone
on slow waves in porcine ileum. GBB inhibited Ca2+ flashes and Ca2+
waves. GBB, M3 and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone
inhibited action potentials. L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay K 8644 increased
the discharge of action potentials in mouse colon but did not trigger or increase action
potentials in the presence of GBB and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone.
GBB and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone
inhibited action potentials in the presence of Bay K 8644. GBB and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone
reduced the amplitude but did not alter the frequency of slow waves in the porcine ileum.
In conclusion, GBB and
(2R,3S,2”R,3”R)-manniflavanone
relax smooth muscle by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels, thus have potential for
use as therapies of gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasms, and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onesmo B Balemba
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States
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Stark TD, Salger M, Frank O, Balemba OB, Wakamatsu J, Hofmann T. Antioxidative compounds from Garcinia buchananii stem bark. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:234-240. [PMID: 25625705 DOI: 10.1021/np5007873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Garcinia buchananii showed strong antioxidative activity using H2O2 scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Activity-guided fractionation afforded three new compounds, isomanniflavanone (1), an ent-eriodictyol-(3α→6)-dihydroquercetin-linked biflavanone, 1,5-dimethoxyajacareubin (2), and the depsidone garcinisidone-G (3), and six known compounds, (2″R,3″R)-preussianon, euxanthone, 2-isoprenyl-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, jacareubin, isogarcinol, and garcinol. All compounds were described for the first time in Garcinia buchananii. The absolute configurations were determined by a combination of NMR, ECD spectroscopy, and polarimetry. These natural products showed high in vitro antioxidative power, especially isomanniflavanone, with an EC50 value of 8.5 μM (H2O2 scavenging), 3.50/4.95 mmol TE/mmol (H/L-TEAC), and 7.54/14.56 mmol TE/mmol (H/L-ORAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo D Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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11
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Purification procedure for (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone and its minor (2R,3S,2″S,3″S)-isomer from Garcinia buchananii stem bark. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Fan L, Guo Y, Zhi X, Yu X, Xu H. Stereoselective synthesis of 2α-Chloropicropodophyllotoxins and insecticidal activity of their esters against oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata walker. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3726-3733. [PMID: 24724803 DOI: 10.1021/jf405316w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of ongoing efforts to discover new natural-product-based insecticidal agents, in the present study, an efficient method for the stereoselective α-chlorination at the C-2 position of 2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopodophyllotoxin derivatives was first developed. Subsequently, a series of novel esters of 2α-chloro-2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin with modified C, D, and E rings of podophyllotoxin were smoothly obtained. Finally, all of the title compounds were tested against the pre-third-instar larvae of oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker) at 1 mg/mL. It was found that besides their 2'-halogen-substituted E ring, the stereoselective α-chlorination at the C-2 position of 2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopodophyllotoxins was also related to the chlorination reagents. Especially 2α-chloro-4α-(benzoyl)oxy-2'-chloropicropodophyllotoxin (6e) and 2α-chloro-4α-(2-chlorophenylacyl)oxy-2'-bromopicropodophyllotoxin (8f) showed the most potent insecticidal activities, with final mortality rates of >60%. For 4α-(alkylacyl)oxy derivatives of 2α-chloro-2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin, the effect of the length of their side chain at the C-4 position of podophyllotoxin skeleton on the insecticidal activity was not very obvious. For 4α-(arylacyl)oxy derivatives of 2α-chloro-2'-chloro/bromopicropodophyllotoxin, an electronic effect of the substituents on their phenyl ring at the C-4 position of podophyllotoxin skeleton on the insecticidal activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Design and Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province People's Republic of China
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Frank O, Kreissl JK, Daschner A, Hofmann T. Accurate determination of reference materials and natural isolates by means of quantitative (1)h NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2506-2515. [PMID: 24559241 DOI: 10.1021/jf405529b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A fast and precise proton nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR) method for the quantitative determination of low molecular weight target molecules in reference materials and natural isolates has been validated using ERETIC 2 (Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations) based on the PULCON (PULse length based CONcentration determination) methodology and compared to the gravimetric results. Using an Avance III NMR spectrometer (400 MHz) equipped with a broad band observe (BBO) probe, the qHNMR method was validated by determining its linearity, range, precision, and accuracy as well as robustness and limit of quantitation. The linearity of the method was assessed by measuring samples of l-tyrosine, caffeine, or benzoic acid in a concentration range between 0.3 and 16.5 mmol/L (r(2) ≥ 0.99), whereas the interday and intraday precisions were found to be ≤2%. The recovery of a range of reference compounds was ≥98.5%, thus demonstrating the qHNMR method as a precise tool for the rapid quantitation (~15 min) of food-related target compounds in reference materials and natural isolates such as nucleotides, polyphenols, or cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Stark TD, Germann D, Balemba OB, Wakamatsu J, Hofmann T. New highly in vitro antioxidative 3,8″-linked Biflav(an)ones and Flavanone-C-glycosides from Garcinia buchananii stem bark. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12572-12581. [PMID: 24295222 DOI: 10.1021/jf404783y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Very recently, we described highly antioxidative polyphenols isolated from the stem bark extract of the Garcinia buchananii tree. In this study, we describe additional antioxidants from Garcinia buchananii bark extract using hydrogen peroxide scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. UPLC-HR-ESI-TOF-MS(e) analysis, 1- and 2D-NMR, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy led to the unequivocal identification of the antioxidative molecules as a series of five 3,8″-linked biflav(an)ones and two flavanone-C-glycosides. (2S,3R)-Taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (2R,3S,2″S,3″S)-manniflavanone (3), (2R,3S)-buchananiflavonol (4), and (2S,3R,2″R,3″R)-GB-1 (6) are new compounds, and (2S,3S)-taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) was described so far only in one other plant. The structure of (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-GB-1 (5) and (2R,3S,2″S)-GB2a (7) were confirmed. The H2O2 scavenging, TEAC, and the ORAC assays demonstrated that these natural products have an extraordinarily high antioxidative power, especially (2R,3S,2″S,3″S)-manniflavanone (3) with an EC50 value of 3.0 μM, 4.00 mmol TE/mmol, and 10.30 μmol TE/ μmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo D Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Matsutomo T, Stark TD, Hofmann T. In vitro activity-guided identification of antioxidants in aged garlic extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3059-3067. [PMID: 23448127 DOI: 10.1021/jf305549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was applied on an aged garlic extract (AGE), reported to show strong antioxidant activity, in order to locate the key in vitro antioxidant ingredients by means of the hydrogen peroxide scavenging (HPS) assay as well as the ORAC assay. Besides the previously reported four tetrahydro-β-carbolines, (1R,3S)- and (1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and (1R,3S)- and (1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, LC-MS/MS, LC-TOF-MS, and 1D/2D-NMR experiments led to the identification of coniferyl alcohol and its dilignols (-)-(2R,3S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, (+)-(2S,3R)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl ether, and threo-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl ether as the major antioxidants in AGE. The purified individual compounds showed high antioxidant activity, with EC50 values of 9.7-11.8 μM (HPS assay) and 2.60-3.65 μmol TE/μmol (ORAC assay), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Stark TD, Mtui DJ, Balemba OB. Ethnopharmacological Survey of Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Gastrointestinal Pain, Inflammation and Diarrhea in Africa: Future Perspectives for Integration into Modern Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2013; 3:158-227. [PMID: 26487315 PMCID: PMC4495512 DOI: 10.3390/ani3010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to find the most appropriate and effective treatment options for a variety of painful syndromes, including conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, for treating both veterinary and human patients. The most successful regimen may come through integrated therapies including combining current and novel western drugs with acupuncture and botanical therapies or their derivatives. There is an extensive history and use of plants in African traditional medicine. In this review, we have highlighted botanical remedies used for treatment of pain, diarrheas and inflammation in traditional veterinary and human health care in Africa. These preparations are promising sources of new compounds comprised of flavonoids, bioflavanones, xanthones, terpenoids, sterols and glycosides as well as compound formulas and supplements for future use in multimodal treatment approaches to chronic pain, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. The advancement of plant therapies and their derivative compounds will require the identification and validation of compounds having specific anti-nociceptive neuromodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory effects. In particular, there is need for the identification of the presence of compounds that affect purinergic, GABA, glutamate, TRP, opioid and cannabinoid receptors, serotonergic and chloride channel systems through bioactivity-guided, high-throughput screening and biotesting. This will create new frontiers for obtaining novel compounds and herbal supplements to relieve pain and gastrointestinal disorders, and suppress inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo D Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner Str. 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Dorah J Mtui
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Onesmo B Balemba
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
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Boakye PA, Brierley SM, Pasilis SP, Balemba OB. Garcinia buchananii bark extract is an effective anti-diarrheal remedy for lactose-induced diarrhea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:539-547. [PMID: 22643232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The extract from the stem bark of Garcinia buchananii trees is used as an anti-diarrhea remedy in sub-Saharan Africa. We tested the hypothesis that G. buchananii bark extract and its anti-motility fractions are effective treatments against lactose-induced diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS A high-lactose (35%) diet was used to induce diarrhea in Wistar rats, which were then treated with either G. buchananii bark extract (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g bark powder), and its anti-motility fractions isolated using preparative thin layer chromatography; termed PTLC1 (15 mg) and PTLC5 (3.8 mg) or loperamide (8.4 mg). Drug preparations were dissolved in 1L except PTCL1 and PTLC5 that were dissolved in 100mL tap water. Numerous parameters were measured in each condition including consistency, fluid and mucus content of feces, body weight, water and food consumption, urine production and bloating. RESULTS Diarrheic rats produced watery or loose, mucuoid, sticky, feces. Fluids constituted 86% of stool mass compared with only 42% for control rats fed standard chow. Compared with controls, diarrheic rats produced more urine, lost weight and had bloated ceca and colons. All doses of the extract, its anti-motility fractions and loperamide individually stopped diarrhea within 6-24 h of administration, whilst significantly reducing mucus and fecal fluid content, urine production and intestinal bloating. Rats treated with 0.1g extract, PTLC1 and PTLC5 gained weight, whilst PTLC5 also increased water intake. CONCLUSIONS Garcinia buchananii extract and its anti-motility fractions are effective remedies against lactose-induced diarrhea. The extract contains compounds that reverse weight loss, promote food and water intake, supporting the notion that characterization of the compounds could lead to new therapies against diarrheal diseases.
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