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Debong MW, Homm I, Gigl M, Lang R, Hofmann T, Buettner A, Dawid C, Loos HM. Curry-Odorants and Their Metabolites Transfer into Human Milk and Urine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300831. [PMID: 38602198 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The excretion of dietary odorants into urine and milk is evaluated and the impact of possible influencing factors determined. Furthermore, the metabolic relevance of conjugates for the excretion into milk is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactating mothers (n = 20) are given a standardized curry dish and donated one milk and urine sample each before and 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 6, and 8 h after the intervention. The concentrations of nine target odorants in these samples are determined. A significant transition is observed for linalool into milk, as well as for linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol into urine. Maximum concentrations are reached within 1 h after the intervention in the case of milk and within 2-3 h in the case of urine. In addition, the impact of glucuronidase treatment on odorant concentrations is evaluated in a sample subset of twelve mothers. Linalool, eugenol, and vanillin concentrations increased 3-77-fold in milk samples after treatment with β-glucuronidase. CONCLUSION The transfer profiles of odorants into milk and urine differ qualitatively, quantitatively, and in temporal aspects. More substances are transferred into urine and the transfer needs a longer period compared with milk. Phase II metabolites are transferred into urine and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel W Debong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ines Homm
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Consiglio A, Gatti G, Martino E, Moreschini L, Johannsen JC, Prša K, Freeman PG, Sheptyakov D, Rønnow HM, Scopelliti R, Magrez A, Forró L, Schmitt C, Jovic V, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Hofmann T, Thomale R, Sangiovanni G, Di Sante D, Greiter M, Grioni M, Moser S. Electron Glass Phase with Resilient Zhang-Rice Singlets in LiCu_{3}O_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:126502. [PMID: 38579201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
LiCu_{3}O_{3} is an antiferromagnetic mixed valence cuprate where trilayers of edge-sharing Cu(II)O (3d^{9}) are sandwiched in between planes of Cu(I) (3d^{10}) ions, with Li stochastically substituting Cu(II). Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory reveal two insulating electronic subsystems that are segregated in spite of sharing common oxygen atoms: a Cu d_{z^{2}}/O p_{z} derived valence band (VB) dispersing on the Cu(I) plane, and a Cu 3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}/O 2p_{x,y} derived Zhang-Rice singlet (ZRS) band dispersing on the Cu(II)O planes. First-principle analysis shows the Li substitution to stabilize the insulating ground state, but only if antiferromagnetic correlations are present. Li further induces substitutional disorder and a 2D electron glass behavior in charge transport, reflected in a large 530 meV Coulomb gap and a linear suppression of VB spectral weight at E_{F} that is observed by ARPES. Surprisingly, the disorder leaves the Cu(II)-derived ZRS largely unaffected. This indicates a local segregation of Li and Cu atoms onto the two separate corner-sharing Cu(II)O_{2} sub-lattices of the edge-sharing Cu(II)O planes, and highlights the ubiquitous resilience of the entangled two hole ZRS entity against impurity scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Consiglio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Martino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J C Johannsen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Prša
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P G Freeman
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - D Sheptyakov
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Forró
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - C Schmitt
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - V Jovic
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Earth Resources and Materials, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - C Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Hofmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Thomale
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Sangiovanni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D Di Sante
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Greiter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Moser
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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Lewis RW, Andrus AK, Arroyo J, Brescia S, Botham PA, Corvaro M, Daston GP, Hofmann T, Rodriguez C, Sewell F, van Ravenzwaay B, Wiench K, Marty S. Considerations for the development of guidance on dose level selection for developmental and reproductive toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 148:105585. [PMID: 38403008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, the European Chemicals Agency issued advice on the selection of high dose levels for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) studies indicating that the highest dose tested should aim to induce clear evidence of reproductive toxicity without excessive toxicity and severe suffering in parental animals. In addition, a recent publication advocated that a 10% decrease in body weight gain should be replaced with a 10% decrease in bodyweight as a criterion for dose adequacy. Experts from the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals evaluated these recent developments and their potential impact on study outcomes and interpretation and identified that the advice was not aligned with OECD test guidelines or with humane endpoints guidance. Furthermore, data analysis from DART studies indicated that a 10% decrease in maternal body weight during gestation equates to a 25% decrease in body weight gain, which differs from the consensus of experts at a 2010 ILSI/HESI workshop. Dose selection should be based on a biological approach that considers a range of other factors. Excessive dose levels that cause frank toxicity and overwhelm homeostasis should be avoided as they can give rise to effects that are not relevant to human health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Lewis
- Regulatory Science Associates, Inverkip, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A K Andrus
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | | | - S Brescia
- Health & Safety Executive, Chemicals Regulation Division (CRD), Bootle, UK
| | | | - M Corvaro
- Corteva Agriscience Italia S.r.l., Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - F Sewell
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK.
| | | | | | - S Marty
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
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Debong MW, N'Diaye K, Schöberl D, Yin Y, Lang R, Buettner A, Hofmann T, Loos HM. Linalool, 1,8-Cineole, and Eugenol Transfer from a Curry Dish into Human Urine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300396. [PMID: 37953385 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE For most substances, there are several routes of excretion from the human body. This study focuses on urinary excretion of dietary odorants and compares the results with previously obtained results on excretion into milk. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactating mothers (n = 18) are given a standardized curry dish and donate urine samples before and after the intervention. The odorants 1,8-cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and γ-nonalactone are quantitatively analyzed. A significant transition of up to 6 µg g-1 creatinine into urine is observed for linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol. Maximum concentrations are reached 1.5 h after the intervention for 1,8-cineole and eugenol as well as 2.5 h after the intervention for linalool. Comparison with previous results reveals that the excretion pattern of odorants into urine is divergent from the one into milk. In a second intervention study (n = 6), excretion of phase II metabolites into urine is studied using β-glucuronidase treatment. Linalool and eugenol concentrations are 23 and 77 times higher after treatment than before treatment with β-glucuronidase, respectively. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates transition of linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol from the diet into urine and excretion of glucuronides in the case of linalool, eugenol, and vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel W Debong
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina N'Diaye
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Schöberl
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Yue Yin
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Hofstetter CK, Dunkel A, Bussy U, Wimmer M, Kauz T, Stark TD, Didzbalis J, Dawid C, Hofmann T. Toward Unified Flavor Quantitation in Cocoa-Based Products. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:20243-20250. [PMID: 38084639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Because food flavor is perceived through a combination of odor and taste, an analytical method that covers both dimensions would be very beneficial for mapping the consistent product quality over the entirety of a manufacturing process. Such a method, so-called "unified flavor quantitation", has been successfully applied to several different food products in recent years. The simultaneous detection of aroma and taste compounds by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) enables the analysis and quantification of an enormously large number of compounds in a single run. To evaluate the limits of this method, chocolate, a high-fat, complex matrix, was selected. In 38 distinct commercial chocolate samples, 20 flavor-active acids, aldehydes, and sugars were analyzed after a simple, rapid extraction step followed by derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine using a single UHPLC-MS/MS method. The results obtained highlight the great potential of the "unified flavor quantitation" approach and demonstrate the possibility of high-throughput quantitation of key aroma- and taste-active molecules in a single assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Konrad Hofstetter
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Mars Inc., 6885 Elm Street, McLean, Virginia 22101, United States
| | - Miriam Wimmer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Kauz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - John Didzbalis
- Mars Inc., 6885 Elm Street, McLean, Virginia 22101, United States
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship for Functional Phytometabolomics, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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McConnell LL, Osorio C, Hofmann T. The Future of Agriculture and Food: Sustainable Approaches to Achieve Zero Hunger. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:13165-13167. [PMID: 37643297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L McConnell
- Crop Science Division Regulatory Scientific Affairs, Bayer U.S. LLC, St. Louis, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Coralia Osorio
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA14490 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Schodlok M, Langeloh J, Kreinfeldt H, Scheel A, Kubacki S, Kroll A, Ludwig C, Möckel L, Hofmann T. Der Einfluss von Frequent Usern auf das Rettungsfachpersonal: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage. Notf Rett Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-023-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Frequent User (FU) nutzen den Rettungsdienst vermehrt in kürzester Zeit und können so direkten Einfluss auf Einsatzaufkommen und -charakter nehmen. Aus diesem Grund war das Ziel dieser Studie, die Wahrnehmung von Rettungskräften zu FU in Deutschland zu untersuchen.
Methoden
Es wurde eine deutschlandweite Querschnittstudie als Befragung von Rettungskräften durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte deskriptiv unter Berechnung von Häufigkeiten. Unterschiede zu FU im ländlichen und städtischen Bereich wurden mittels Chi2-Test und unter Berechnung von Odds Ratios (OR) und dazugehörigen 95 %-Konfidenzintervallen (95 %-KI) ermittelt.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 1142 Rettungskräfte (36,69 % Frauen, 62,87 % Männer) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die beiden häufigsten wahrgenommenen Einsatzorte im Zusammenhang mit FU waren bestimmte Privatadressen (32,75 %) und Pflegeheime (29,99 %), so wie die häufigsten Ursachen für Rettungsdiensteinsätze Versorgungsprobleme (44,66 %) und Intoxikationen (24,34 %) sind. Auf dem Land waren ebenfalls bestimmte Privatadressen (42,51 %) die häufigsten Einsatzorte, wohingegen in der Stadt bestimmte Stadtteile im Vordergrund standen (34,94 %). FU hatten einen negativen Einfluss auf das Verhalten, die Stimmung und die Geduld der Rettungskräfte. Im ländlichen Raum war zudem die Tendenz zu einer weniger sorgfältigen Untersuchung der FU niedriger (OR: 0,61 [95 %-KI: 0,48; 0,78]) und dass FU keine Versorgung wünschen, da die Alarmierung durch Dritte erfolgte (OR: 0,67 [95 %-KI: 0,53; 0,84]). Dagegen schätzen die FU ihre Symptome auf dem Land häufiger bedrohlicher ein als notwendig (OR: 1,95 [95 %-KI: 1,37; 2,77]) und Einsätze zu FU waren häufiger außerhalb der Öffnungszeiten von Versorgungseinrichtungen (OR: 1,65 [95 %-KI: 1,30; 2,09]).
Schlussfolgerung
Diese Studie zeigt, dass Frequent User sich negativ auf die Stimmung sowie die Arbeitsweise der Rettungskräfte auswirken und dass sowohl in dieser Hinsicht als auch bezogen auf die häufigsten Einsatzorte Unterschiede in der Stadt- und Landrettung bestehen.
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May T, Arnold C, Klas T, Möckel C, Maaß L, Hofmann T, Möckel L. [Incapacity to work in prehospital German emergency medical services staff]. Zentralbl Arbeitsmed Arbeitsschutz Ergon 2023; 73:120-128. [PMID: 37197614 PMCID: PMC9990572 DOI: 10.1007/s40664-023-00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The determination of incapacity to work is a central approach for analyses of absence due to sickness. Nevertheless, no data are yet available for incapacity to work and associated factors in the German prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) staff. Objective The aim of this analysis was to identify the proportion of EMS staff with at least one incapacity for work (AU) in the previous 12 months and associated factors. Material and methods This was a nationwide survey study with rescue workers. Factors associated with work disability were identified using multivariable logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Included in this analysis were 2298 employees of the German emergency medical services (female 42.6%, male 57.2%). Overall, 60.10% of female participants and 58.98% of male participants reported an incapacity for work in the previous 12 months. Incapacity for work was significantly associated with having a high school diploma (high school diploma: OR: 0.51, 95% CI 0.30; 0.88, p = 0.016; reference: secondary school diploma), working in a rural environment (OR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.50; 0.86, p = 0.003) or urban environment (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53; 0.98, p = 0.037). Furthermore, hours worked per week (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00; 1.02, p = 0.003) and 5-< 10 years of service (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04; 1.89, p = 0.025) were associated with higher odds of work disability. Neck and back pain, depression, osteoarthritis, and asthma in the previous 12 months also showed a significant association with work disability in the same time period. Conclusion This analysis shows that chronic diseases, educational attainment, area of assignment, years of service, and hours worked per week, among others, were associated with incapacity for work in the previous 12 months in German EMS staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias May
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Christina Arnold
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Teresa Klas
- Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Christina Möckel
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Köln, Deutschland
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Deutschland
| | - Leona Maaß
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Fachbereich für Human- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Luis Möckel
- IU Internationale Hochschule GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Hildebrandtstraße 24c, 40215 Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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9
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Nicoli A, Haag F, Marcinek P, He R, Kreißl J, Stein J, Marchetto A, Dunkel A, Hofmann T, Krautwurst D, Di Pizio A. Modeling the Orthosteric Binding Site of the G Protein-Coupled Odorant Receptor OR5K1. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2014-2029. [PMID: 36696962 PMCID: PMC10091413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With approximately 400 encoding genes in humans, odorant receptors (ORs) are the largest subfamily of class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Despite its high relevance and representation, the odorant-GPCRome is structurally poorly characterized: no experimental structures are available, and the low sequence identity of ORs to experimentally solved GPCRs is a significant challenge for their modeling. Moreover, the receptive range of most ORs is unknown. The odorant receptor OR5K1 was recently and comprehensively characterized in terms of cognate agonists. Here, we report two additional agonists and functional data of the most potent compound on two mutants, L1043.32 and L2556.51. Experimental data was used to guide the investigation of the binding modes of OR5K1 ligands into the orthosteric binding site using structural information from AI-driven modeling, as recently released in the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database, and from homology modeling. Induced-fit docking simulations were used to sample the binding site conformational space for ensemble docking. Mutagenesis data guided side chain residue sampling and model selection. We obtained models that could better rationalize the different activity of active (agonist) versus inactive molecules with respect to starting models and also capture differences in activity related to minor structural differences. Therefore, we provide a model refinement protocol that can be applied to model the orthosteric binding site of ORs as well as that of GPCRs with low sequence identity to available templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nicoli
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Franziska Haag
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Marcinek
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ruiming He
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Kreißl
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Stein
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marchetto
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS)-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM)-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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10
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Patterson S, Waters ME, Braman N, Willson R, Hill RA, Magolan J, Hofmann T, Stark TD, Balemba OB. Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract and its bioactive constituents manniflavanone, GB-2 and buchananiflavanone attenuate intestinal inhibitory neuromuscular transmission. J Smooth Muscle Res 2023; 59:34-57. [PMID: 37407438 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.59.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract (GBB), commonly used for treating diarrhea in Africa, triggers ectopic aboral contractions, causing inhibition of propulsive motility in the colon ex vivo. To determine whether or not these effects were associated with decreased inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, the responsible constituent compounds, and mechanisms of action, we studied the effects of GBB and specific fractions and flavanones isolated from GBB on intestinal motility using pellet propulsion assays in guinea pig distal colons. In addition, microelectrode recordings were used to measure the effects on the inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in the porcine ileum and descending colon smooth muscle. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program secondary receptor functional assays were used to determine whether or not GBB and its constituent compounds act via purinergic (P2Y) and muscarinic receptors. GBB inhibited propulsive motility, but (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (MNF), (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-GB-2 (GB-2) and (2R,3S,2″S)-buchananiflavanone (BNF), the main ingredients of GBB, did not affect motility. We discovered that, in the porcine descending colon, IJPs contained purinergic, nitrergic, and nonpurinergic nonnitrergic components. Furthermore, ileal IJPs were purely purinergic. GBB blocked all components of IJPs, while MNF and GB-2 inhibited purinergic IJPs only. BNF inhibited the purinergic and nonpurinergic components of IJPs. MRS2365, a Y1 (P2Y) agonist, did not evoke sustained membrane hyperpolarization in the presence of GBB. However, GBB, MNF, GB-2 and BNF did not affect P2Y or muscarinic receptors. In conclusion, inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the porcine descending colon involves all components of IJPs. GBB decreases inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, likely by the actions of MNF, GB-2 and BNF. These effects do not involve P2Y or muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences/WWAMI, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Michael Elder Waters
- Department of Biological Sciences/WWAMI, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Nancy Braman
- Department of Biological Sciences/WWAMI, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Roan Willson
- Department of Biological Sciences/WWAMI, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Rodney A Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Australia
| | - Jakob Magolan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Onesmo B Balemba
- Department of Biological Sciences/WWAMI, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, LSS 252, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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11
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Liang D, Dirndorfer S, Somoza V, Krautwurst D, Lang R, Hofmann T. Metabolites of Key Flavor Compound 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine in Human Urine. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:15134-15142. [PMID: 36399543 PMCID: PMC9733599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazines are among the most important compound class conveying the odor impressions "roasty", "nutty", and "earthy". They are formed by the Maillard reaction and occur ubiquitously in heated foods. The excretion of metabolites of the key flavor odorant 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, abundant in the volatile fraction of roasted coffee, was investigated. Based on literature suggestions, putative phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites were synthesized, characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy data and used as standards for targeted, quantitative analysis of coffee drinkers' urine using stable-isotope-dilution-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (SIDA-UHPLC-MS/MS). The analysis of spot urine samples from a coffee intervention study revealed 3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, 3,5-dimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, and 5,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid were quantitatively dominating metabolites. Only negligible traces of pyrazinemethanols (3,6-dimethyl-2-pyrazinemethanol and 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine-2-ol), glucuronides ((3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-yl-)methyl-O-β-D-glucuronide and (3,5-dimethylpyrazine-2-yl-)methyl-O-β-D-glucuronide), and sulfates ((3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-yl-)methyl-sulfate and (3,5-dimethylpyrazine-2-yl-)methyl-sulfate) were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair
for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dirndorfer
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair
for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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12
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Möckel L, Arnold C, May T, Maaß L, Sohrabizadeh S, Hofmann T, Möckel C. Twelve-month prevalence of injury due to an occupational accident in pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services staff: Data from the EMS Health Study. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 2022. [DOI: 10.5339/jemtac.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Möckel
- IU Internationale Hochschule GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Arnold
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias May
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Maaß
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanaz Sohrabizadeh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- University of Bremen, Faculty of Human and Health Science, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christina Möckel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Gigl M, Frank O, Gabler A, Koch T, Briesen H, Hofmann T. Key odorant melanoidin interactions in aroma staling of coffee beverages. Food Chem 2022; 392:133291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Baur S, Bellé N, Hausladen H, Wurzer S, Brehm L, Stark TD, Hückelhoven R, Hofmann T, Dawid C. Correction to Quantitation of Toxic Steroidal Glycoalkaloids and Newly Identified Saponins in Post-Harvest Light-Stressed Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9817. [PMID: 35900379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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15
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Auzanneau M, Rosenbauer J, Warncke K, Maier W, Kamrath C, Hofmann T, Wurm M, Hammersen J, Schröder C, Hake K, Holl RW. Frequency of Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Associated With Socioeconomic Deprivation and Urbanization: Results From the German Multicenter DPV Registry. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1807-1813. [PMID: 35727029 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether socioeconomic deprivation and urbanization are associated with the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of pediatric type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children and adolescents aged ≤18 years, living in Germany, with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes documented between 2016 and 2019 in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV; Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation), were assigned to a quintile of regional socioeconomic deprivation (German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation) and to a degree of urbanization (Eurostat) by using their residence postal code. With multiple logistic regression models, we investigated whether the frequency of DKA at diagnosis was associated with socioeconomic deprivation or urbanization and whether associations differed by age-group, sex, or migration status. RESULTS In 10,598 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the frequency of DKA was lowest in the least deprived regions (Q1: 20.6% [95% CI 19.0-22.4], and increased with growing socioeconomic deprivation to 26.9% [25.0-28.8] in the most deprived regions [Q5]; P for trend <0.001). In rural areas, the frequency of DKA at diagnosis was significantly higher than in towns and suburbs (intermediate areas) or in cities (27.6% [95% CI 26.0-29.3] vs. 22.7% [21.4-24.0], P < 0.001, or vs. 24.3% [22.9-25.7], P = 0.007, respectively). The results did not significantly differ by age-group, sex, or migration background or after additional adjustment for socioeconomic deprivation or urbanization. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that prevention of DKA at diagnosis by means of awareness campaigns and screening for presymptomatic type 1 diabetes should particularly target socioeconomically disadvantaged regions and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Auzanneau
- Zentralinstitut für Biomedizinische Technik (ZIBMT), Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Rosenbauer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Warncke
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kamrath
- Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Pediatric Practice of the Medical Center Arnsberg, Hochsauerland Clinic, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wurm
- St. Hedwig Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Regensburg University, Hospital of the Order of St. John of God, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schröder
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hake
- Children's Hospital, Müritzklinikum Waren, Waren, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Zentralinstitut für Biomedizinische Technik (ZIBMT), Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Baur S, Bellé N, Hausladen H, Wurzer S, Brehm L, Stark TD, Hücklhoven R, Hofmann T, Dawid C. Quantitation of Toxic Steroidal Glycoalkaloids and Newly Identified Saponins in Post-Harvest Light-Stressed Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:8300-8308. [PMID: 35775364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although domesticated potatoes contain a large variety of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) and saponins, in the past, many research projects mainly focused on the two major SGAs, α-solanine and α-chaconine. This study investigates the quantitative changes, induced by post-harvest LED light exposure, of six SGAs and four saponins in 12 potato cultivars at three different time points (1, 7, and 16 days), by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Altogether, SGA contents of 3.0-17.1 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) could be observed in the analyzed tubers with potato varieties highly exceeding the newly discussed safety limit of 10 mg/100 g. The overall contents of 0.1-5.4 mg/100 g FW of the so far barely studied saponins, like protoneodioscin or barogenin-solatrioside, highly differed between the assayed potato cultivars. Furthermore, cultivar-specific regulations of SGAs and saponins could be observed due to light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baur
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Bellé
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hausladen
- Plant Technology Center, Technische Universität München, Dürnast 9, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurzer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Laura Brehm
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hücklhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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17
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Weyrich A, Joel M, Lewin G, Hofmann T, Frericks M. Review of the state of science and evaluation of currently available in silico prediction models for reproductive and developmental toxicity: A case study on pesticides. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:812-842. [PMID: 35748219 PMCID: PMC9545887 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In silico methods for toxicity prediction have increased significantly in recent years due to the 3Rs principle. This also applies to predicting reproductive toxicology, which is one of the most critical factors in pesticide approval. The widely used quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models use experimental toxicity data to create a model that relates experimentally observed toxicity to molecular structures to predict toxicity. Aim of the study was to evaluate the available prediction models for developmental and reproductive toxicity regarding their strengths and weaknesses in a pesticide database. METHODS The reproductive toxicity of 315 pesticides, which have a GHS classification by ECHA, was compared with the prediction of different in silico models: VEGA, OECD (Q)SAR Toolbox, Leadscope Model Applier, and CASE Ultra by MultiCASE. RESULTS In all models, a large proportion (up to 77%) of all pesticides were outside the chemical space of the model. Analysis of the prediction of remaining pesticides revealed a balanced accuracy of the models between 0.48 and 0.66. CONCLUSION Overall, predictions were only meaningful in rare cases and therefore always require evaluation by an expert. The critical factors were the underlying data and determination of molecular similarity, which offer great potential for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeleine Joel
- Preclinical Science - Föll, Mecklenburg & Partner GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Geertje Lewin
- Preclinical Science - Föll, Mecklenburg & Partner GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Frericks
- Agricultural Solutions - Toxicology CP, BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany
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18
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Christa P, Dunkel A, Krauss A, Stark TD, Dawid C, Hofmann T. Discovery and Identification of Tastants and Taste-Modulating N-Acyl Amino Acid Derivatives in Traditional Korean Fermented Dish Kimchi Using a Sensomics Approach. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:7500-7514. [PMID: 35674110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sensory-guided fractionation by means of ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, synthesis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitation, and taste re-engineering experiments revealed taste-active and taste-enhancing compounds contributing to the umami, mouthful and complex taste profile of the fermented Korean dish, kimchi. Besides basic taste-active compounds, in particular, various N-acylated amino acids deriving from succinic acid and lactic acid imparted taste-modulating properties in food matrices. Taste threshold concentrations were determined to evaluate intrinsic and modulating effects. Quantitation of N-acylated amino acids in kimchi following synthesis revealed the presence of numerous derivatives showing taste-active properties. Sensory evaluation including recombination and partial addition experiments highlighted that both the N-lactoyl- and the N-succinoyl amino acid derivatives contribute to increasing the fullness, volume, and complexity of food matrices, whereas the latter directly contributes to the overall taste of kimchi in natural concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Christa
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alin Krauss
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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19
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Baur S, Bellé N, Frank O, Wurzer S, Pieczonka SA, Fromme T, Stam R, Hausladen H, Hofmann T, Hückelhoven R, Dawid C. Steroidal Saponins─New Sources to Develop Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Resistant against Certain Phytophthora infestans Strains. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:7447-7459. [PMID: 35679324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens such as Phytophthora infestans that caused the Irish Potato Famine continue to threaten local and global food security. Genetic and chemical plant protection measures are often overcome by adaptation of pathogen population structures. Therefore, there is a constant demand for new, consumer- and environment-friendly plant protection strategies. Metabolic alterations induced by P. infestans in the foliage and tubers of six different potato cultivars were investigated. Using a combination of untargeted metabolomics, isolation techniques, and structure elucidation by MS and 1D/2D-NMR experiments, five steroidal glycoalkaloids, five oxylipins, and four steroidal saponins were identified. As the steroidal saponins showed antioomycete but no hemolytic activity, they may thus be considered as probably safe target substances for enrichment in breeding programs for disease resistance and as chemical lead structures for the production of nature-derived synthetic antioomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baur
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Bellé
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurzer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Alexander Pieczonka
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hausladen
- Plant Technology Center, Technische Universität München, Dürnast 9, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
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20
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Jünger M, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Farrenkopf A, Dunkel A, Stark T, Fröhlich S, Somoza V, Dawid C, Hofmann T. Sensoproteomic Discovery of Taste-Modulating Peptides and Taste Re-engineering of Soy Sauce. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6503-6518. [PMID: 35593506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soy sauce, one of the most common Asian fermented foods, exhibits a distinctive savory taste profile. In the present study, targeted quantitation of literature-known taste compounds, calculation of dose-over-threshold factors, and taste re-engineering experiments enabled the identification of 34 key tastants. Following the sensoproteomics approach, 14 umami-, kokumi-, and salt-enhancing peptides were identified for the first time, with intrinsic taste threshold concentrations in the range of 166-939 μmol/L and taste-modulating threshold concentrations ranging from 42 to 420 μmol/L. The lowest taste-modulating threshold concentrations were found for the leucyl peptide LDYY with an umami- and salt-enhancing threshold of 42 μmol/L. Addition of the 14 newly identified peptides to the taste recombinate (aRecDipeptides) increased the overall taste intensity and mouthfulness of the recombinate, and comparison with the authentic soy sauce confirmed the identification of all key tastants. Finally, these data as well as the quantitative profiling of several (non)-fermented foods highlight the importance of fermentation with respect to taste formation. On the basis of this knowledge, microorganisms with specific digestion patterns may be used to tailor the taste profile and especially the salt taste sensation of soy sauces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jünger
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Verena Karolin Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Anastasia Farrenkopf
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Timo Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sonja Fröhlich
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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21
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Peters VCT, Dunkel A, Frank O, Rajmohan N, McCormack B, Dowd E, Didzbalis J, Gianfagna TJ, Dawid C, Hofmann T. High-Throughput Flavor Analysis and Mapping of Flavor Alterations Induced by Different Genotypes of Mentha by Means of UHPLC-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:5668-5679. [PMID: 35475602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for mint is increasing from year to year, and it is more important than ever to secure a sustainable and robust supply of such an important plant. The USDA mint core collection provides the basis for many researches worldwide regarding, e.g., sequencing, cytology, and disease resistances. A recently developed toolbox enables here for the first time the analysis of such a complex collection in terms of the aroma compound composition and the mapping of flavor alterations depending on taxonomy, environmental conditions, and growing stages by means of comprehensive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Therefore, in this study, not only the aroma compound composition of 153 genotypes was characterized but it was also demonstrated that the composition varies depending on taxonomy and changes during the growth of the plant. Furthermore, it could be shown that greenhouse conditions have an enormous influence on the concentrations of aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christina Tabea Peters
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nimmi Rajmohan
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Brian McCormack
- Flavor/Mint Science, Mars Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642, United States
| | - Eric Dowd
- Flavor/Mint Science, Mars Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, Illinois 60642, United States
| | - John Didzbalis
- Mars, Incorporated, Mars Advanced Research Institute, McLean, Virginia 22101, United States
| | - Thomas J Gianfagna
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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22
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Gigl M, Frank O, Irmer L, Hofmann T. Identification and Quantitation of Reaction Products from Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid, and Their Thermal Degradation Products with Odor-Active Thiols in Coffee Beverages. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:5427-5437. [PMID: 35467336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A holistic ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-time of flight (TOF)-mass spectrometry-based approach was used to screen for storage-induced reaction products consisting of the volatile key coffee thiols methanethiol, 2-furfurylthiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 3-mercapto-3-methylbutanol, and 3-mercapto-2-butanone and low-molecular weight phenolic constituents of coffee beverages including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and their thermal degradation products hydroxyhydroquinone, catechol, and 4-ethylcatechol. Multiple marker compounds could be detected in thiol-enriched coffee brews after UPLC-TOF-MS profiling and statistical data analysis. Subsequently, marker compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized via high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. Quantification of these reaction products in fresh and stored coffee beverages was realized in native coffee and after stir bar sorptive extraction with liquid desorption by means of UHPLC-MS/MS. The quantitative data revealed the biggest influence of storage time on the formation of reaction products between hydroxyhydroquinone and methanethiol and 2-furfurylthiol, while other reaction products were only slightly affected by storage and thus most likely formed during the roasting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Luisa Irmer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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23
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Sewell F, Corvaro M, Andrus A, Burke J, Daston G, Delaney B, Domoradzki J, Forlini C, Green ML, Hofmann T, Jäckel S, Lee MS, Temerowski M, Whalley P, Lewis R. Recommendations on dose level selection for repeat dose toxicity studies. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1921-1934. [PMID: 35486138 PMCID: PMC9151511 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prior to registering and marketing any new pharmaceutical, (agro)chemical or food ingredient product manufacturers must, by law, generate data to ensure human safety. Safety testing requirements vary depending on sector, but generally repeat-dose testing in animals form the basis for human health risk assessments. Dose level selection is an important consideration when designing such studies, to ensure that exposure levels that lead to relevant hazards are identified. Advice on dose level selection is provided in test guidelines and allied guidance documents, but it is not well harmonised, particularly for selection of the highest dose tested. This paper further builds on concepts developed in a technical report by the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) which recommends pragmatic approaches to dose selection considering regulatory requirements, animal welfare and state of the art scientific approaches. Industry sectors have differing degrees of freedom to operate regarding dose level selection, depending on the purpose of the studies and the regulatory requirements/legislation, and this is reflected in the overall recommended approaches. An understanding of systemic exposure should be utilised where possible (e.g., through toxicokinetic approaches) and used together with apical endpoints from existing toxicity studies to guide more appropriate dose level selection. The highest dose should be limited to a reasonable level, causing minimal but evident toxicity to the test animals without significantly compromising their well-being. As the science of predictive human exposure further develops and matures, this will provide exciting and novel opportunities for more human-relevant approaches to dose level selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Sewell
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK.
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24
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Lang T, Frank O, Lang R, Hofmann T, Behrens M. Activation Spectra of Human Bitter Taste Receptors Stimulated with Cyclolinopeptides Corresponding to Fresh and Aged Linseed Oil. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:4382-4390. [PMID: 35364812 PMCID: PMC9011397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Linseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and its increased consumption could aid in health-promoting nutrition. However, rapid oxidation of linseed oil and concomitant development of bitterness impair consumers' acceptance. Previous research revealed that cyclolinopeptides, a group of cyclic peptides inherent to linseed oil, dominantly contribute to the observed bitterness. In the present study, fresh and stored linseed oil and flaxseed were analyzed for the presence of cyclolinopeptides using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance-based identification and quantification. The purified compounds were tested for the activation of all 25 human bitter taste receptors of which only two responded exclusively to methionine-oxidized cyclolinopeptides. Of those, the methionine sulfoxide-containing cyclolinopeptide-4 elicited responses at relevant concentrations. We conclude that this compound is the main determinant of linseed oil's bitterness and propose strategies to reduce the development of bitterness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Lang
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical
University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical
University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Maik Behrens
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical
University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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25
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Hofmann T. Studienintentionen deutscher Retter*innen. Notf Rett Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-022-00996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Brandl B, Rennekamp R, Reitmeier S, Pietrynik K, Dirndorfer S, Haller D, Hofmann T, Skurk T, Hauner H. Offering Fiber-Enriched Foods Increases Fiber Intake in Adults With or Without Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:816299. [PMID: 35252300 PMCID: PMC8890034 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous efforts to increase fiber intake in the general population were disappointing despite growing awareness of the multiple benefits of a high fiber intake. Aim of the study was to investigate the acceptance and consumption of fiber-enriched foods. Methods One hundred and fifteen middle-aged healthy individuals with and without elevated waist circumference (> 102 cm in males and > 88 cm in females) were recruited and randomized to an intervention or an age- and sex-matched control group. Subjects assigned to the intervention group were invited to select fiber-enriched foods from a broad portfolio of products to increase fiber intake by 10 g/day. Control subjects could choose items from the same food basket without fiber enrichment. The primary outcome was the increase in dietary fiber intake, and secondary outcomes were changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, microbiota composition, food choices, and consumer acceptance of the fiber-enriched foods. Results Compared to baseline, daily fiber intake increased from 22.5 ± 8.0 to 34.0 ± 9.6 g/day after 4 weeks (p < 0.001) and to 36.0 ± 8.9 g/day after 12 weeks (p < 0.001) in the intervention group, whereas fiber intake remained unchanged in the control group. Participants rated the taste of the food products as pleasant without group differences. In both groups, the most liked foods included popular convenience foods such as pretzel breadstick, pizza salami, and pizza vegetarian. After 12 weeks of intervention, there were minor improvements in plasma lipids and parameters of glucose metabolism in both the intervention and control group compared to baseline, but no differences between the two groups. Increased fiber consumption resulted in an increased (p < 0.001) relative abundance of Tannerellaceae. Conclusions Fiber-enrichment of popular foods increases fiber intake in a middle-aged population with and without cardiometabolic risk and may provide a simple, novel strategy to increase fiber intake in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Brandl
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Rachel Rennekamp
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Pietrynik
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dirndorfer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hans Hauner
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Abstract
For the general German population, the GEDA study is the main health monitoring study. Since nothing comparable is existing regarding the health of emergency medical services (EMS) staff, the aim of the present study was to estimate the 12-months prevalence of socially relevant diseases and symptoms among German pre-hospital EMS staff. This was a nationwide survey study. For retrieval of information on the health status of participating EMS staff items from the GEDA2014/2015 study were used. Afterwards, 12-months prevalence or proportions and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, 2,313 German pre-hospital EMS staff (42.6% female/57.2% male) with a median age of 25.0 (min. 18.0; max. 63.0) years were included into the final analysis. Obesity based on BMI was present in 25.9% (95% CI: 23.5%; 28.4%) of male compared to 15.7% (95% CI: 13.5%; 18.1%) of female study participants. Highest 12-months prevalence in the full study sample were calculated for lower back pain (41.1% [95%: 39.1%; 43.2%]), cervical pain (32.9% [95% CI: 30.9%; 34.8%]), allergies (32.6% [95% CI: 30.7%; 34.6%], depression (13.7% [95% CI: 12.4%; 15.2%]), and hypertension (11.5% [95% CI: 10.3%; 12.9%]). The 12-months prevalence in specific age-/gender-groups were higher for asthma, depression, hypertension, increased blood lipids, and osteoarthritis among study participants compared to the general German population (GEDA study) with the same age and gender (ratio ≥ 1.5). This study indicates that the prevalence of obesity, depression, hypertension, and other disorders is high among study participants and disease prevention measures for pre-hospital EMS staff are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Möckel
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
- German Society of Paramedic Science, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Arnold
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias May
- HSD Hochschule Döpfer GmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- German Society of Paramedic Science, Aachen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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28
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Utz F, Spaccasassi A, Kreissl J, Stark TD, Tanger C, Kulozik U, Hofmann T, Dawid C. Sensomics-Assisted Aroma Decoding of Pea Protein Isolates (Pisum sativum L.). Foods 2022; 11:foods11030412. [PMID: 35159561 PMCID: PMC8834122 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aroma of pea protein (Pisum sativum L.) was decrypted for knowledge-based flavor optimization of new food products containing pea protein. Sensomics helped to determine several volatiles via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. Among the investigated volatiles, representatives of aldehydes, ketones, and acids were reported in literature as especially important in pea and pea-related matrices. After validation of the method and quantitation of the corresponding analytes, sensory reconstitution as well as omission studies of a selected pea protein were performed and revealed nine odor-active compounds as key food odorants (3-methylbutanal, hexanal, acetaldehyde, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E)-2-octenal, benzaldehyde, heptanal, 2-methylbutanal, and nonanoic acid). Interestingly, eight out of nine compounds belonged to the chemical class of aldehydes. Statistical heatmap and cluster analysis of all odor activity values of different pea proteins confirmed the obtained sensory results and generalize these nine key food odorants in other pea proteins. The knowledge of key components gained shows potential for simplifying industrial flavor optimization of pea protein-based food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Utz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Andrea Spaccasassi
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Johanna Kreissl
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Timo D. Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Caren Tanger
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.T.); (U.K.)
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.T.); (U.K.)
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.U.); (A.S.); (T.D.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-81-6171-2901
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29
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Dirndorfer S, Hammerl R, Kitajima S, Kitada R, Frank O, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. Identification and Quantitation of Taste-Active Compounds in Dried Scallops by Combined Application of the Sensomics and a Quantitative NMR Approach. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:247-259. [PMID: 34965128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of the sensomics concept on dried scallops, a Japanese specialty produced from the adductor muscle of scallops, revealed after activity-guided fractionation with subsequent (comparative) taste dilution analyses besides nucleotides, amino acids, organic acids, and inorganic ions, the presence of taste-modulating quaternary ammonium compounds and opines in highly taste-active fractions. In order to recreate the taste of dried scallops, two independent quantitation approaches were applied and compared. The first approach used multiple targeted UHPLC-MS/MS and high-performance ion chromatography methods. Besides already established quantitation methods for basic taste compounds, a new HILIC-UHPLC-MS/MSMRM method for the quantitation of chromatographically challenging opines, using synthesized stable isotope-labeled standards, was developed. Furthermore, a qHNMR approach was applied, enabling a direct identification and quantitation of organic taste compounds in a food extract without prior fractionation using a reference 1H NMR database. Both methods yielded similar quantitative results of taste-active compounds in dried scallop extracts and subsequent taste recombination experiments based on these data were able to recreate the taste of dried scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dirndorfer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Richard Hammerl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Seiji Kitajima
- Institute of Food Sciences & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitada
- Institute of Food Sciences & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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30
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Weyrich A, Frericks M, Eichenlaub M, Schneider S, Hofmann T, Van Cruchten S, van Ravenzwaay B. Ontogeny of renal, hepatic, and placental expression of ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters in the rat and the rabbit. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 107:1-9. [PMID: 34757165 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Species differences in developmental toxicity can be due to varying expression of xenobiotic transporters. Hence, knowledge on the ontogeny of these transporters, especially in human, rat and rabbit, is pivotal. Two superfamilies of transporters, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and the solute carrier (SLC) transporters, are well known for their role in the absorption, distribution and/or elimination of xenobiotics and endogenous substances. The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of these xenobiotic transporters in liver, kidney and placenta of man, Wistar rat and New Zealand White rabbit during pre- and postnatal development. For this purpose, qPCR experiments were performed for rat and rabbit tissues and the gene expression profiles were compared with literature data from man, rat and rabbit. Data analysis showed large differences in transporter expression in development and between species. These results can be used to better understand developmental toxicity findings in non-clinical species and their relevance for man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Weyrich
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Markus Frericks
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Bioscience Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schneider
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bennard van Ravenzwaay
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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31
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Castañeda-Ramírez F, Martínez-Argüello AM, Hofmann T, Rehemanjiang A, Martínez-Mares M, Méndez-Bermúdez JA, Kuhl U, Stöckmann HJ. Microwave graph analogs for the voltage drop in three-terminal devices with orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic symmetry. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014202. [PMID: 35193290 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transmission measurements through three-port microwave graphs are performed, in analogy to three-terminal voltage drop devices with orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic symmetry. The terminal used as a probe is symmetrically located between two chaotic subgraphs, and each graph is connected to one port, the input and the output, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data clearly exhibits the weak localization and antilocalization phenomena. We find a good agreement with theoretical predictions, provided that the effects of dissipation and imperfect coupling to the ports are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Castañeda-Ramírez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-534, 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A M Martínez-Argüello
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 48-3, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - T Hofmann
- Fachbereich Physik der Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - A Rehemanjiang
- Fachbereich Physik der Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Martínez-Mares
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-534, 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J A Méndez-Bermúdez
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - U Kuhl
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), 06108 Nice, France
| | - H-J Stöckmann
- Fachbereich Physik der Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
A quantitative 1H NMR-based approach was established, which allowed the direct and noninvasive analysis of molecular interactions between key coffee odorants and high-molecular-weight (HMW) melanoidin polymers. A clear distinction between covalent and noncovalent interactions was achieved by monitoring the time dependency of odorant-polymer interactions, resulting in four scenarios: covalent, π-π, covalent and π-π-, as well as no interactions. Evaluation of temperature influence on e.g. 2-furfurylthiol (FFT), revealed an altered behavior with increased π-π stacking at lower temperatures and accelerated covalent interactions at higher temperatures. Human sensory experiments with HMW material and a coffee aroma reconstitution model showed a drastic reduction of "roasty/sulfury" aroma notes, as well as an increased "sweetish/caramel-like" flavor. The lack of interactions between the "sweetish/caramel" smelling 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone with the HMW melanoidins in combination with the high binding affinity of coffee thiols explains the sensory evaluation and is obviously the reason for the fast disappearance of the typical "roasty/sulfury" aroma impressions of a freshly prepared coffee brew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising D-85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising D-85354, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising D-85354, Germany
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Hammerl R, Frank O, Hofmann T. Quantitative Proton NMR Spectroscopy for Basic Taste Recombinant Reconstitution Using the Taste Recombinant Database. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:14713-14721. [PMID: 34817998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative determination of putative taste active metabolites, the ranking of these compounds in their sensory impact based on dose-overthreshold (DoT) factors, followed by confirmation of their relevance by reconstitution and omission experiments enables the decoding of the non-volatile sensometabolome of certain foods. The identification and quantitation of target taste compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible (HPLC-UV/Vis) spectroscopy, or high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) is often laborious and time-consuming. In this work, we present a novel quantitative 1H NMR approach for reconstituting basic taste recombinants of different foods, including apple juice, balsamic vinegar, golden chanterelles, process flavor, and shrimp. Compound identification using the taste recombinant database, followed by absolute quantitation via quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), enables a fast and direct reconstitution of basic taste recombinants. The taste profile analysis of basic taste recombinants was generated via qHNMR in less than 15 min and compared with literature data acquired by LC-MS/MS and/or HPLC-UV/Vis and revealed identical results for all taste qualities. A determination of limit of detection (LoD) values for S/N = 50 of various proton signals with different integrals and multiplicities demonstrated that taste recognition thresholds of all basic tastants are far above those of LoD concentrations under the chosen conditions. Therefore, our experimental setup is able to detect basic taste-active compounds well below their taste recognition thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hammerl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Schmid C, Mittermeier-Kleßinger V, Tabea Peters VC, Berger F, Kramler M, Heuberger H, Rinder R, Hofmann T, Gutjahr C, Dawid C. Quantitative Mapping of Flavor and Pharmacologically Active Compounds in European Licorice Roots ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in Response to Growth Conditions and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Symbiosis. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:13173-13189. [PMID: 34723522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Application of a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MSMRM method enabled the simultaneous quantitation of 23 sweet-, licorice-, and bitter-tasting saponins in Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., different licorice plants and root compartments, processed licorice, as well as different Glycyrrhiza spp. The combination of quantitative data with sweet, licorice, and bitter taste thresholds led to the determination of dose-over-threshold factors to elucidate the sweet, licorice, and bitter impact of the individual saponins with and without mycorrhiza symbiosis to evaluate the licorice root quality. Aside from glycyrrhizin (1), which is the predominant sweet- and licorice-tasting saponin in all licorice samples, 20 out of 22 quantitated saponins contributed to the taste profile of licorice roots. Next to sweet-/licorice-tasting glycyrrhizin (1), 24-hydroxy-glycyrrhizin (9), 30-hydroxy-glycyrrhizin (11), and 11-deoxo-24-hydroxy-glycyrrhizin (14) as well as licorice tasting saponins 20α-galacturonic acid glycyrrhizin (17), 24-hydroxy-20α-glycyrrhizin (21), and 11-deoxo-glycyrrhizin (12) were determined as key contributors to licorice root's unique taste profile. A quantitative comparison of 23 saponins as well as 28 polyphenols between licorice roots inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and controls showed that important taste-mediating saponins were increased in mycorrhizal roots, and these alterations depended on the growth substrate and the level of phosphate fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Christina Tabea Peters
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Kramler
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Heidi Heuberger
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Vöttinger Str. 38, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rudolf Rinder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Vöttinger Str. 38, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
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35
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Kalb V, Seewald T, Hofmann T, Granvogl M. The malting parameters: steeping, germination, withering, and kilning temperature and aeration rate as possibilities for styrene mitigation in wheat beer. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAiming at the mitigation of the toxicologically relevant styrene formed during wheat beer brewing, different malting parameters, such as steeping temperature, germination temperature, withering and kilning temperatures applied during kiln-drying, and aeration rate, were evaluated for their suitability to reduce the content of cinnamic acid, the precursor of styrene, in malts of barley and wheat, responsible for the input of the undesired precursor into the brewing process. According to the results of the present study, higher steeping temperatures, higher germination temperatures, lower aeration rates, and lower withering temperatures during malting are beneficial for the overall reduction of cinnamic acid in wort produced with barley and wheat malts. Thereby, the withering temperature showed the highest impact among the investigated parameters, able to reduce the soluble cinnamic acid content in wort by up to 72%, followed by the germination temperature in combination with the aeration rate and the steeping temperature with reduction capacities of 52 and 16%, respectively. Additionally, a kilning temperature of 200 °C led to the absence of enzyme activities in dark malts, which might also be the main reason for the low phenolic acid contents found in the corresponding wort, finally causing the low concentrations of styrene but also to a certain extent of desired vinyl aromatics in dark wheat beers.
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36
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Debong MW, N'Diaye K, Owsienko D, Schöberl D, Ammar T, Lang R, Buettner A, Hofmann T, Loos HM. Dietary Linalool is Transferred into the Milk of Nursing Mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100507. [PMID: 34658145 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Breast milk is repeatedly postulated to shape the first aroma and taste impressions of infants and thus impact their flavor learning. The objective of this study is to assess the transition of aroma compounds from a customary curry dish into milk. METHODS AND RESULTS The article prepares a standardized curry dish and administers the dish to nursing mothers (n = 18) in an intervention study. The participants donate one milk sample before and three samples after the intervention. Due to their olfactory or quantitative relevance in the curry dish, 1,8-cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and γ-nonalactone are defined as target compounds, and their transition into milk is quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A significant transition into the milk is observed for linalool, and its olfactory relevance in this respect is supported by calculated odor activity values. In contrast, no relevant levels are detected for the other eight target compounds. CONCLUSION Ingestion of a customary curry dish can lead to an alteration of the milk aroma, which might be perceived by the infant during breastfeeding. The current study also demonstrates that the extent of aroma transfer differs between both substances and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel W Debong
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Katharina N'Diaye
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Diana Owsienko
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Daniela Schöberl
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Tayyaba Ammar
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising, 85354, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
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Antoniadou K, Herz C, Le NPK, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Förster N, Zander M, Ulrichs C, Mewis I, Hofmann T, Dawid C, Lamy E. Identification of Salicylates in Willow Bark ( Salix Cortex) for Targeting Peripheral Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11138. [PMID: 34681798 PMCID: PMC8540557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salix cortex-containing medicine is used against pain conditions, fever, headaches, and inflammation, which are partly mediated via arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins (PGs). We used an activity-guided fractionation strategy, followed by structure elucidation experiments using LC-MS/MS, CD-spectroscopy, and 1D/2D NMR techniques, to identify the compounds relevant for the inhibition of PGE2 release from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Subsequent compound purification by means of preparative and semipreparative HPLC revealed 2'-O-acetylsalicortin (1), 3'-O-acetylsalicortin (2), 2'-O-acetylsalicin (3), 2',6'-O-diacetylsalicortin (4), lasiandrin (5), tremulacin (6), and cinnamrutinose A (7). In contrast to 3 and 7, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 showed inhibitory activity against PGE2 release with different potencies. Polyphenols were not relevant for the bioactivity of the Salix extract but salicylates, which degrade to, e.g., catechol, salicylic acid, salicin, and/or 1-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-cycohexenecarboxylate. Inflammation presents an important therapeutic target for pharmacological interventions; thus, the identification of relevant key drugs in Salix could provide new prospects for the improvement and standardization of existing clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Antoniadou
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nguyen Phan Khoi Le
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Förster
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Zander
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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N Diaye K, Debong M, Behr J, Dirndorfer S, Duggan T, Beusch A, Schlagbauer V, Dawid C, Loos HM, Buettner A, Lang R, Hofmann T. Dietary Piperine is Transferred into the Milk of Nursing Mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100508. [PMID: 34633734 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diet of breastfeeding mothers could bring nurslings into contact with flavor compounds putatively contributing to early sensory programming of the infant. The study investigates whether tastants from a customary curry dish consumed by mothers are detectable in their milk afterwards and can be perceived by the infant. METHODS AND RESULTS Sensory evaluation identifies pungency as the dominating taste impression of the curry dish. Its ingredients of chili, pepper, and ginger suggest the flavor compounds capsaicin, piperine, and 6-gingerol as analytical targets. Breastfeeding mothers are recruited for an intervention trial involving the consumption of the curry dish and subsequent collection of milk samples for flavor compound analysis. Targeted and untargeted mass spectrometric (MS)- investigations identify exclusively piperine as an intervention-derived compound in human milk. However, concentrations are below the human taste threshold. CONCLUSION Piperine from pepper-containing foods transfers into the mother's milk within 1 h and is delivered to the nursling. Concentrations of 50 and 200 nM of piperine are 70-350 times below the human taste threshold, but TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 ion channel) desensitization through frequent exposure to sub-taste-threshold concentrations could contribute to an increased tolerance at a later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina N Diaye
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Marcel Debong
- Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dirndorfer
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Tara Duggan
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anja Beusch
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Verena Schlagbauer
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, Freising, 85354, Germany
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Schellenberger R, Crouzet J, Nickzad A, Shu LJ, Kutschera A, Gerster T, Borie N, Dawid C, Cloutier M, Villaume S, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Hubert J, Cordelier S, Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre F, Schmid C, Ongena M, Renault JH, Haudrechy A, Hofmann T, Baillieul F, Clément C, Zipfel C, Gauthier C, Déziel E, Ranf S, Dorey S. Bacterial rhamnolipids and their 3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors activate Arabidopsis innate immunity through two independent mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101366118. [PMID: 34561304 PMCID: PMC8488661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101366118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant innate immunity is activated upon perception of invasion pattern molecules by plant cell-surface immune receptors. Several bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia produce rhamnolipids (RLs) from l-rhamnose and (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors (HAAs). RL and HAA secretion is required to modulate bacterial surface motility, biofilm development, and thus successful colonization of hosts. Here, we show that the lipidic secretome from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mainly comprising RLs and HAAs, stimulates Arabidopsis immunity. We demonstrate that HAAs are sensed by the bulb-type lectin receptor kinase LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION/S-DOMAIN-1-29 (LORE/SD1-29), which also mediates medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid (mc-3-OH-FA) perception, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana HAA sensing induces canonical immune signaling and local resistance to plant pathogenic Pseudomonas infection. By contrast, RLs trigger an atypical immune response and resistance to Pseudomonas infection independent of LORE. Thus, the glycosyl moieties of RLs, although abolishing sensing by LORE, do not impair their ability to trigger plant defense. Moreover, our results show that the immune response triggered by RLs is affected by the sphingolipid composition of the plasma membrane. In conclusion, RLs and their precursors released by bacteria can both be perceived by plants but through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schellenberger
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Arvin Nickzad
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Alexander Kutschera
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Tim Gerster
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Nicolas Borie
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Maude Cloutier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jane Hubert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Christian Schmid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Haudrechy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7312, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada;
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany;
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, Unité d'accueil 4707, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité sous contrat 1488, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3417, 51687 Reims, France;
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Grübner M, Dunkel A, Steiner F, Hofmann T. Systematic Evaluation of Liquid Chromatography (LC) Column Combinations for Application in Two-Dimensional LC Metabolomic Studies. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12565-12573. [PMID: 34491041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to proteomics, the application of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) in the field of metabolomics is still premature. One reason might be the elevated chemical complexity and the associated challenge of selecting proper separation conditions in each dimension. As orthogonality of dimensions is a major issue, the present study aimed for the identification of successful stationary phase combinations. To determine the degree of orthogonality, first, six different metrics, namely, Pearson's correlation coefficient (1 - |R|), the nearest-neighbor distances (H̅NND), the "asterisk equations" (AO), and surface coverage by bins (SCG), convex hulls (SCCH), and α-convex hulls (SCαH), were critically assessed by 15 artificial 2D data sets, and a systematic parameter optimization of α-convex hulls was conducted. SGG, SCαH with α = 0.1, and H̅NND generated valid results with sensitivity toward space utilization and data distribution and, therefore, were applied to pairs of experimental retention time sets obtained for >350 metabolites, selected to represent the chemical space of human urine. Normalized retention data were obtained for 23 chromatographic setups, comprising reversed-phase (RP), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and mixed-mode separation systems with an ion exchange (IEX) contribution. As expected, no single LC setting provided separation of all considered analytes, but while conventional RP×HILIC combinations appeared rather complementary than orthogonal, the incorporation of IEX properties into the RP dimension substantially increased the 2D potential. Eventually, one of the most promising column combinations was implemented for an offline 2D LC time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of a lyophilized urine sample. Targeted screening resulted in a total of 164 detected metabolites and confirmed the outstanding coverage of the 2D retention space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grübner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstraße 4, Germering 82110, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Frank Steiner
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstraße 4, Germering 82110, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany
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Abstract
Bile acids are being increasingly investigated in humans and laboratory animals as markers for various diseases in addition to their important functions, such as promoting the emulsification in fat digestion and preventing gallstone formation. In humans and animals, primary bile acids are formed from cholesterol in the liver, converted in the intestine into various secondary bile acids by the intestinal microbiota and reabsorbed in the terminal ileum, and partially returned to the liver. A universal high-throughput workflow, including a simple workup, was applied as a tool for bile acid analysis in animal studies. The complex bile acid profiles in various tissues, organs, and body fluids from different animals were mapped using a newly developed comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The method can also be used in screening food to obtain information about the nutritional content of bile acids. This could be relevant to investigations on various animal diseases and on the bioavailability of bile acids that pass through the gastric tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinah Reiter
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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42
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Weyrich A, Frericks M, Hofmann T, Schneider S, Eichenlaub M, van Ravenzwaay B. Expression of xenobiotic transporters in the rat and rabbit kidney, liver and placenta during pre- and postnatal development. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Kalb V, Seewald T, Hofmann T, Granvogl M. Investigations into the Ability to Reduce Cinnamic Acid as Undesired Precursor of Toxicologically Relevant Styrene in Wort by Different Barley to Wheat Ratios (Grain Bill) during Mashing. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9443-9450. [PMID: 34351749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is a food-borne toxicant in wheat beer and due to its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2002, mitigation strategies had to be developed. Aiming at understanding the impact of the barley to wheat malt ratio (grain bill) during mashing on the contents of soluble and free (i) cinnamic, (ii) p-coumaric, and (iii) ferulic acid, precursors of (i) styrene and the desired vinyl aromatics (ii) 4-vinylphenol and (iii) 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in wheat beer, wort was prepared at four different barley to wheat malt ratios of 100:0, 25:75, 50:50, and 0:100 (w/w). Additionally, the malts were produced at different germination temperatures and aeration rates (12/32, 18/35, 18/25, 24/18, and 26/25 (°C; L/min)) to consider these two further parameters as well. Thereby, soluble and free phenolic acid contents in wort showed linear correlations to the percentage of wheat in the grain bill, highlighting the absence of synergistic effects when mixing barley and wheat malts. In contrast, the results described the phenolic acid contents as a function of the concentrations in the respective barley and wheat wort, multiplied by their percentage in the grain bill. However, a clear recommendation for favorable barley to wheat malt ratios leading to a decrease of soluble and free cinnamic acid in wort could not be made, as the contents in the present study proved to be highly dependent on the barley and wheat varieties used during mashing and the parameters applied during malting. This was not the case for p-coumaric acid for which a clear decrease of the soluble and free forms was found with increasing wheat malt contents. Differently, the soluble form of ferulic acid increased with an increasing percentage of wheat malt, while the free form decreased. The malting parameters clearly recommended high germination temperatures and low aeration rates when aiming at a reduction of undesired cinnamic acid in wort. Fortunately, soluble and free p-coumaric and ferulic acid contents were only slightly affected, indicating that the formation of the characteristic wheat beer aroma might not suffer when applying these favorable conditions for styrene reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian Kalb
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Torsten Seewald
- Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, Fachgebiet Brauwesen, Technische Universität Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Fachgebiet Lebensmittelchemie und Analytische Chemie (170a), Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Fakultät Naturwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
Proteins and, in particular, plant-based proteins are becoming more and more important in the face of future challenges, resulting from continuous population growth, the imbalance between malnutrition and overweight/obesity, and environmental changes. Recent developments open new avenues for improving the quality and sustainable production of plant proteins. Increasing knowledge on the key drivers of the off-flavor of plant proteins, which currently limit their use, supports new strategies to reach full flavor experience, thus enhancing consumer acceptance. Current limitations and future directions for improving the flavor profiles of plant-based proteins are discussed in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Gläser P, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Spaccasassi A, Hofmann T, Dawid C. Quantification and Bitter Taste Contribution of Lipids and Their Oxidation Products in Pea-Protein Isolates ( Pisum sativum L.). J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8768-8776. [PMID: 34324814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-differential ion mobility (DMS)-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify 14 bitter-tasting lipids in 17 commercial pea-protein isolates (Pisum sativum L.). The DMS technology enabled the simultaneous quantification of four hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid isomers, namely, (10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (5), (10E,12E)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (6), (9Z,11E)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (7), and (9E,11E)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (8). Based on quantitative data and human bitter taste recognition thresholds, dose-over-threshold factors were determined to evaluate the individual lipids' bitter impact and compound classes. The free fatty acids α-linolenic acid (10) and linoleic acid (13), as well as the trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, especially 9,10,11-trihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic (3), and 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acids (4), were shown to be key inducers to bitterness in the isolates. Additionally, the impact of 1-linoleoyl glycerol (9) on the bitter taste could be shown for 14 of the 17 tested pea-protein isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gläser
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Spaccasassi
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Kluxen FM, Weber K, Strupp C, Jensen SM, Hothorn LA, Garcin JC, Hofmann T. Using historical control data in bioassays for regulatory toxicology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 125:105024. [PMID: 34364928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historical control data (HCD) consist of pooled control group responses from bioassays. These data must be collected and are often used or reported in regulatory toxicology studies for multiple purposes: as quality assurance for the test system, to help identify toxicological effects and their effect-size relevance and to address the statistical multiple comparison problem. The current manuscript reviews the various classical and potential new approaches for using HCD. Issues in current practice are identified and recommendations for improved use and discussion are provided. Furthermore, stakeholders are invited to discuss whether it is necessary to consider uncertainty when using HCD formally and statistically in toxicological discussions and whether binary inclusion/exclusion criteria for HCD should be revised to a tiered information contribution to assessments. Overall, the critical value of HCD in toxicological bioassays is highlighted when used in a weight-of-evidence assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Signe M Jensen
- Department of Plant and Efoldnvironmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Fahmy AR, Amann LS, Dunkel A, Frank O, Dawid C, Hofmann T, Becker T, Jekle M. Sensory design in food 3D printing – Structuring, texture modulation, taste localization, and thermal stabilization. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Kauz T, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. High-Throughput Quantitation of Key Cocoa Tastants by Means of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Application to a Global Sample Set. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8200-8212. [PMID: 34278790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically often described as the food of gods, cocoa-based products exhibit a pleasant aroma as well as a desirable astringent, bitter, and sour taste, which results in a high consumer preference. The key taste components of cocoa were identified and characterized by combining sensory analysis, fractionation, and structure elucidation. Cocoa astringency is driven by N-phenylpropenoyl-l-amino acids, polyphenol glycosides, and flavan-3-ols, while the latter compound class also contributes to bitterness. The key principle for cocoa bitterness was shown to be the combination of alkaloids and 2,5-diketopiperazines. To understand the influence of plant genetics, breeding, and processing on the sensory profile of cocoa products, high-throughput sensometabolite quantitation must be performed throughout all of these steps. In this work, we present a rapid, sensitive, and robust quantitation method on a single ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) platform, requiring minimal workup for any sample type from farm to fork. This method was applied to a global set of 75 cocoa bean samples from all over the world before and after using a uniform roasting protocol. Within this world map, geographical origin did not predetermine cocoa taste profiles, whereas simulated processing by roasting was confirmed to be crucial in profile development. This method will open avenues for further studies to ultimately enable chocolate producers to control and optimize the taste properties of products as well as to monitor raw material selection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kauz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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49
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Schymanski D, Oßmann BE, Benismail N, Boukerma K, Dallmann G, von der Esch E, Fischer D, Fischer F, Gilliland D, Glas K, Hofmann T, Käppler A, Lacorte S, Marco J, Rakwe ME, Weisser J, Witzig C, Zumbülte N, Ivleva NP. Analysis of microplastics in drinking water and other clean water samples with micro-Raman and micro-infrared spectroscopy: minimum requirements and best practice guidelines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5969-5994. [PMID: 34283280 PMCID: PMC8440246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a widespread contaminant found not only in various natural habitats but also in drinking waters. With spectroscopic methods, the polymer type, number, size, and size distribution as well as the shape of microplastic particles in waters can be determined, which is of great relevance to toxicological studies. Methods used in studies so far show a huge diversity regarding experimental setups and often a lack of certain quality assurance aspects. To overcome these problems, this critical review and consensus paper of 12 European analytical laboratories and institutions, dealing with microplastic particle identification and quantification with spectroscopic methods, gives guidance toward harmonized microplastic particle analysis in clean waters. The aims of this paper are to (i) improve the reliability of microplastic analysis, (ii) facilitate and improve the planning of sample preparation and microplastic detection, and (iii) provide a better understanding regarding the evaluation of already existing studies. With these aims, we hope to make an important step toward harmonization of microplastic particle analysis in clean water samples and, thus, allow the comparability of results obtained in different studies by using similar or harmonized methods. Clean water samples, for the purpose of this paper, are considered to comprise all water samples with low matrix content, in particular drinking, tap, and bottled water, but also other water types such as clean freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darena Schymanski
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), Joseph-König-Straße 40, 48147, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara E Oßmann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nizar Benismail
- Nestle Quality Assurance Center Vittel, 1020 Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 88800, Vittel, France
| | | | - Gerald Dallmann
- SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH, Königsbrücker Landstr. 161, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth von der Esch
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Fischer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Fischer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Karl Glas
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Käppler
- SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH, Königsbrücker Landstr. 161, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julie Marco
- Danone Waters, 11 Avenue du Général Dupas, 74500, Evian les Bains, France
| | | | - Jana Weisser
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Cordula Witzig
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicole Zumbülte
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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50
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Kellerer T, Kleigrewe K, Brandl B, Hofmann T, Hauner H, Skurk T. Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) Are Associated With Diet, BMI, and Age. Front Nutr 2021; 8:691401. [PMID: 34322511 PMCID: PMC8310931 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.691401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a group of fatty acids with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. The blood levels of FAHFAs and their regulation in humans have hardly been studied. Objective: We aimed to investigate serum FAHFA levels in well-characterized human cohorts, to evaluate associations with age, sex, BMI, weight loss, diabetic status, and diet. Methods: We analyzed levels of stearic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (9-SAHSA), oleic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (9-OAHSA) and palmitic-acid-9-hydroxy-palmitic-acid (9-PAHPA) as well as different palmitic acid-hydroxy-stearic-acids (PAHSAs) by HPLC-MS/MS with the use of an internal standard in various cohorts: A cohort of different age groups (18–25y; 40–65y; 75–85y; Σn = 60); severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and non-obese controls (Σn = 36); obese patients with and without diabetes (Σn = 20); vegetarians/vegans (n = 10) and omnivores (n = 9); and young men before and after acute overfeeding with saturated fatty acids (SFA) (n = 15). Results: Omnivores had substantially higher FAHFA levels than vegetarians/vegans [median (25th percentile; 75th percentile) tFAHFAs = 12.82 (7.57; 14.86) vs. 5.86 (5.10; 6.71) nmol/L; P < 0.05]. Dietary overfeeding by supplementation of SFAs caused a significant increase within 1 week [median tFAHFAs = 4.31 (3.31; 5.27) vs. 6.96 (6.50; 7.76) nmol/L; P < 0.001]. Moreover, obese patients had lower FAHFA levels than non-obese controls [median tFAHFAs = 3.24 (2.80; 4.30) vs. 5.22 (4.18; 7.46) nmol/L; P < 0.01] and surgery-induced weight loss increased 9-OAHSA level while other FAHFAs were not affected. Furthermore, significant differences in some FAHFA levels were found between adolescents and adults or elderly, while no differences between sexes and between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals were detected. Conclusions: FAHFA serum levels are strongly affected by high SFA intake and reduced in severe obesity. Age also may influence FAHFA levels, whereas there was no detectable relation with sex and diabetic status. The physiological role of FAHFAs in humans remains to be better elucidated. Trial Registration: All studies referring to these analyses were registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/) with the numbers DRKS00009008, DRKS00010133, DRKS00006211, and DRKS00009797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kellerer
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Brandl
- Core Facility Human Studies, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Core Facility Human Studies, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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