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Gu S, Liu M, Xu R, Han X, Lou Y, Kong Y, Gao Y, Shang S, Song Z, Song J, Li J. Ecofriendly Controlled-Release Insecticide Carrier: pH-/Temperature-Responsive Rosin-Derived Hydrogels for Avermectin Delivery against Mythimna separata (Walker). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10992-11010. [PMID: 38743441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of environmentally friendly, less toxic, sustained-release insecticide is increasing with the growing demand for food to meet the requirements of the expanding population. As a sustained-release carrier, the unique, environmentally friendly intelligent responsive hydrogel system is an important factor in improving the efficiency of insecticide utilization and accurate release. In this study, we developed a facile approach for incorporating the natural compound rosin (dehydroabietic acid, DA) and zinc ions (Zn2+) into a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel network to construct a controlled-release hydrogel carrier (DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+). Then, the model insecticide avermectin (AVM) was encapsulated in the carrier at a drug loading rate of 36.32% to form AVM@DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+. Surprisingly, the smart controlled carrier exhibited environmental responsiveness, strongly enhanced mechanical properties, self-healing ability, hydrophobicity, and photostability to ensure a balance between environmental friendliness and the precision of the drug release. The release experiments showed that the carboxyl and amide groups in the polymer chains alter the intermolecular forces within the hydrogel meshes and ingredient diffusion by changing temperatures (25 and 40 °C) and pH values (5.8, 7.4, and 8.5), leading to different release behaviors. The insecticidal activity of the AVM@DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+ against oriental armyworms was good, with an effective minimum toxicity toward aquatic animals. Therefore, AVM@DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+ is an effective drug delivery system against oriental armyworms. We anticipate that this ecofriendly, sustainable, smart-response carrier may broaden the utilization rosin and its possible applications in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Renle Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Lou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Kong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanqian Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Miranda-Vera C, Hernández ÁP, García-García P, Díez D, García PA, Castro MÁ. Podophyllotoxin: Recent Advances in the Development of Hybridization Strategies to Enhance Its Antitumoral Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2728. [PMID: 38140069 PMCID: PMC10747284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is a naturally occurring cyclolignan isolated from rhizomes of Podophyllum sp. In the clinic, it is used mainly as an antiviral; however, its antitumor activity is even more interesting. While podophyllotoxin possesses severe side effects that limit its development as an anticancer agent, nevertheless, it has become a good lead compound for the synthesis of derivatives with fewer side effects and better selectivity. Several examples, such as etoposide, highlight the potential of this natural product for chemomodulation in the search for new antitumor agents. This review focuses on the recent chemical modifications (2017-mid-2023) of the podophyllotoxin skeleton performed mainly at the C-ring (but also at the lactone D-ring and at the trimethoxyphenyl E-ring) together with their biological properties. Special emphasis is placed on hybrids or conjugates with other natural products (either primary or secondary metabolites) and other molecules (heterocycles, benzoheterocycles, synthetic drugs, and other moieties) that contribute to improved podophyllotoxin bioactivity. In fact, hybridization has been a good strategy to design podophyllotoxin derivatives with enhanced bioactivity. The way in which the two components are joined (directly or through spacers) was also considered for the organization of this review. This comprehensive perspective is presented with the aim of guiding the medicinal chemistry community in the design of new podophyllotoxin-based drugs with improved anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Miranda-Vera
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Ángela Patricia Hernández
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Pilar García-García
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Pablo Anselmo García
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - María Ángeles Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
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Zhu JJ, Guo T, Zhang ZW, Qian H, Tian P, Yu KY, Wu WJ, Zhang JW. Design, Synthesis, Insecticidal Activities and Molecular Docking of Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing Propargyloxy or Pyridine Groups. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201020. [PMID: 36536172 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new highly active molecules from natural products is a common method to create new pesticides. Celangulin V targeting Mythimna separate (M. separate) midgut V-ATPase H subunit, has received considerable attention for its excellent insecticidal activity and unique mechanism of action. Therefore, combined with our preliminary work, thirty-seven sulfonamide derivatives bearing propargyloxy or pyridine groups were systematically synthesized to search for insecticidal candidate compounds with low cost and high efficiency on the H subunit of V-ATPase. Bioactive results showed that compounds A2-A4 and A6-A7 exhibited a better bioactivity with median effective concentration (LC50 ) values (2.78, 3.11, 3.34, 3.54 and 2.48 mg/mL, respectively) against third-instar larvae of M. separate than Celangulin V (LC50 =18.1 mg/mL). Additionally, molecular docking experiments indicated that these molecules may act on the H subunit of V-ATPase. Based on the above results, these compounds provide new ideas for the discovery of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hao Qian
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ji-Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, China.,Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
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Murphy MB, Kumar P, Bradley AM, Barton CE, Deweese JE, Mercer SL. Synthesis and evaluation of etoposide and podophyllotoxin analogs against topoisomerase IIα and HCT-116 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115773. [PMID: 33035756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide is a widely-used anticancer agent that targets human type II topoisomerases. Evidence suggests that metabolism of etoposide in myeloid progenitor cells is associated with translocations involved in leukemia development. Previous studies suggest halogenation at the C-2' position of etoposide reduces metabolism. Halogens were introduced into the C-2' position by electrophilic aromatic halogenation onto etoposide (ETOP, 1), podophyllotoxin (PPT, 2), and 4-dimethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP, 3), and to bridge the gap of knowledge regarding the activity of these metabolically stable analogs. Five halogenated analogs (6-10) were synthesized. Analogs 8-10 displayed variable ability to inhibit DNA relaxation. Analog 9 was the only analog to show concentration-dependent enhancement of Top2-mediated DNA cleavage. Dose response assay results indicated that 8 and 10 were most effective at decreasing the viability of HCT-116 and A549 cancer cell lines in culture. Flow cytometry with 8 and 10 in HCT-116 cells provide evidence of sub-G1 cell populations indicative of apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate C-2' halogenation of etoposide and its precursors, although metabolically stable, decreases overall activity relative to etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Murphy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Priyanka Kumar
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Amber M Bradley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Christopher E Barton
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Joseph E Deweese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA; Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Susan L Mercer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University, Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Jiang B, Jin X, Dong Y, Guo B, Cui L, Deng X, Zhang L, Yang Q, Li Y, Yang X, Smagghe G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Heptacyclic Pyrazolamide Derivatives: A New Candidate of Dual-Target Insect Growth Regulators. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6347-6354. [PMID: 32427469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect growth regulators (IGRs) can cause abnormal growth and development in insects, resulting in incomplete metamorphosis or even death of the larvae. Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and chitinase in insects play indispensable roles in the molting process. Ecdysone analogues and chitinase inhibitors are considered as potential IGRs. In order to find new and highly effective IGR candidates, based on the structure-activity relationship and molecular docking results of the active compound 6i (3-(tert-butyl)-N-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide) discovered in our previous work, we changed the t-butyl group on the pyrazole ring into heptacycle to enhance the hydrophobicity. Consequently, a series of novel heptacyclic pyrazolamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results demonstrated that some compounds showed obvious insecticidal activity. Especially, D-27 (N-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-phenyl-2,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclohepta[c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide) showed good activities against Plutella xylostella (LC50, 51.50 mg·L-1) and Mythimna separata (100% mortality at 2.5 mg·L-1). Furthermore, protein validation indicated that D-27 acts not only on the EcR but also on chitinase Of ChtI. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation explained the vital factors in the interaction between D-27 and receptors. D-27 may be a new lead candidate with a dual target in which Of ChtI shall be the main one. This work created a new starting point for discovering a novel type of IGRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yawen Dong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingbo Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xile Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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Yang R, Zhang Y, Xu H. Synthesis of novel isoxazoline-containing podophyllotoxin/2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogenopodophyllotoxin derivatives and their insecticidal/acaricidal activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1410-1416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Cao H, Liu W, Chang Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Tao L. 5′-Epi-SPA-6952A, a new insecticidal 24-membered macrolide produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes SSPRC-11339. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:659-664. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1405401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansen Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Silva MS, Ribeiro SF, Taveira GB, Rodrigues R, Fernandes KV, Carvalho AO, Vasconcelos IM, Mello EO, Gomes VM. Application and bioactive properties of CaTI, a trypsin inhibitor from Capsicum annuum seeds: membrane permeabilization, oxidative stress and intracellular target in phytopathogenic fungi cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3790-3801. [PMID: 28139827 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last few years, a growing number of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from plants and particularly from seeds. Recent results from our laboratory have shown the purification of a new trypsin inhibitor, named CaTI, from chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of CaTI on phytopathogenic fungi and detect the presence of protease inhibitors in other species of this genus. RESULTS Our results show that CaTI can inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. lindemuthianum. CaTI can also permeabilize the membrane of all tested fungi. When testing the inhibitor on its ability to induce reactive oxygen species, an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) particularly in Fusarium species was observed. Using CaTI coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), it was possible to determine the presence of the inhibitor inside the hyphae of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus. The search for protease inhibitors in other Capsicum species revealed their presence in all tested species. CONCLUSION This paper shows the antifungal activity of protease inhibitors such as CaTI against phytopathogenic fungi. Antimicrobial peptides, among which the trypsin protease inhibitor family stands out, are present in different species of the genus Capsicum and are part of the chemical arsenal that plants use to defend themselves against pathogens. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciele S Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzanna Ff Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Taveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Melhoramento e Genética Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katia Vs Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - André O Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ilka Maria Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Toxinas Vegetais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Erica Oliveira Mello
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdirene M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Nanocapsules Containing Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Oil: Development, Characterization, And Toxicity Evaluation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5929. [PMID: 28724950 PMCID: PMC5517525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared, characterized, and performed toxicity analyses of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules loaded with neem oil. Three formulations were prepared by the emulsion/solvent evaporation method. The nanocapsules showed a mean size distribution around 400 nm, with polydispersity below 0.2 and were stable for 120 days. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity results showed an increase in toxicity of the oleic acid + neem formulations according to the amount of oleic acid used. The minimum inhibitory concentrations demonstrated that all the formulations containing neem oil were active. The nanocapsules containing neem oil did not affect the soil microbiota during 300 days of exposure compared to the control. Phytotoxicity studies indicated that NC_20 (200 mg of neem oil) did not affect the net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of maize plants, whereas use of NC_10 (100:100 of neem:oleic acid) and NC_15 (150:50 of neem:oleic acid) led to negative effects on these physiological parameters. Hence, the use of oleic acid as a complement in the nanocapsules was not a good strategy, since the nanocapsules that only contained neem oil showed lower toxicity. These results demonstrate that evaluation of the toxicity of nanopesticides is essential for the development of environmentally friendly formulations intended for applications in agriculture.
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Bian HX, Ma HF, Zheng XX, Peng MH, Li YP, Su JF, Wang H, Li Q, Xia RX, Liu YQ, Jiang XF. Characterization of the Adult Head Transcriptome and Identification of Migration and Olfaction Genes in the Oriental Armyworm Mythimna separate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2324. [PMID: 28539591 PMCID: PMC5443819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The oriental armyworm Mythimna separate is an economically important insect with a wide distribution and strong migratory activity. However, knowledge about the molecular mechanisms regulating the physiological and behavioural responses of the oriental armyworm is scarce. In the present study, we took a transcriptomic approach to characterize the gene network in the adult head of M. separate. The sequencing and de novo assembly yielded 63,499 transcripts, which were further assembled into 46,459 unigenes with an N50 of 1,153 bp. In the head transcriptome data, unigenes involved in the 'signal transduction mechanism' are the most abundant. In total, 937 signal transduction unigenes were assigned to 22 signalling pathways. The circadian clock, melanin synthesis, and non-receptor protein of olfactory gene families were then identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these M. separate genes, the model insect Bombyx mori and other insects. Furthermore, 1,372 simple sequence repeats of 2-6 bp in unit length were identified. The transcriptome data represent a comprehensive molecular resource for the adult head of M. separate, and these identified genes can be valid targets for further gene function research to address the molecular mechanisms regulating the migratory and olfaction genes of the oriental armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Bian
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hong-Fang Ma
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zheng
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ming-Hui Peng
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yu-Ping Li
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jun-Fang Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qun Li
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Run-Xi Xia
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yan-Qun Liu
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xing-Fu Jiang
- State Key laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yu X, Che Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins. Chemistry 2017; 23:4467-4526. [PMID: 27726183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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12
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Guo Y, Yang R, Xu H. Semisynthesis of esters and oxime esters/sulfonates from furyl-ring-based acetylation derivatives of fraxinellone as insecticidal agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two compounds 9a and 10i exhibited the most promising pesticidal activity against early 3rd-instar larvae of Mythimna separata. Their structure–activity relationships were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
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13
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Guo Y, Yang R, Xu H. New Insecticidal Agents from Halogenation/Acylation of the Furyl-Ring of Fraxinellone. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35321. [PMID: 27775033 PMCID: PMC5075773 DOI: 10.1038/srep35321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of the halogen atom or the acyl group at the C-ring of fraxinellone was investigated. Some unexpected halogenation products were obtained with the different chlorination/bromination reagents, and their possible reaction mechanisms were also proposed. Seven key steric structures of 2a’, 2b, 2b’, 2c’, 3a, 3b, and one isomer (5’α-Cl) of 2a were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Especially compounds 2a, 2a’, 3a and 3c exhibited more potent insecticidal activity than toosendanin. Some structure-activity relationships of tested compounds were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences/Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences/Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences/Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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14
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Yu M, Liu G, Zhang Y, Feng T, Xu M, Xu H. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Isoxazolines/Oxime Sulfonates of 2'(2',6')-(Di)Chloropodophyllotoxins as Insecticidal Agents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33062. [PMID: 27667584 PMCID: PMC5036094 DOI: 10.1038/srep33062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogeno-isoxazolopodophyllic acids-based esters, and oxime sulfonates of 2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogenopodophyllones were prepared by structural modifications of podophyllotoxin as insecticidal agents against Mythimna separata Walker. It was found that when 2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogenopodophyllones or 2′(2′,6′)-(di)chloropicropodophyllones reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the desired products were related with the configuration of their lactones. Three key single-crystal structures of Ie, IIe and IIIb were determined by X-ray diffraction. Especially compounds IIc and Vc showed the highest insecticidal activity. Moreover, some interesting results of structure-insecticidal activity relationships of tested compounds were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiao Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Guangci Liu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products &Chemical Biology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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15
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A New Class of Glucosyl Thioureas: Synthesis and Larvicidal Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070925. [PMID: 27438819 PMCID: PMC6274248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of glucosyl thioureas were synthesized in good overall yields (up to 37% over four steps) from d-glucose and primary amines, and their larvicidal activities toward Mythimna separata Walker were also investigated. This new class of glucosyl thioureas demonstrated low to moderate growth inhibition activity of Mythiman separata Walker, with a growth inhibitory rate of up to 47.5% at a concentration of 100.0 mg/L in acetone.
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16
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Li Q, Huang X, Li S, Ma J, Lv M, Xu H. Semisynthesis of Esters of Fraxinellone C4/10-Oxime and Their Pesticidal Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5472-5478. [PMID: 27338830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 20 esters of fraxinellone C4/10-oxime were synthesized and determined by melting points, optical rotation, infrared spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectra. Two steric configurations of compounds 7i and 8i were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, their pesticidal activities were assessed on two typical lepidopteran pests, Mythimna separata Walker and Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. Generally, all compounds exhibited less potent oral toxicity than toosendanin against third-instar larvae of P. xylostella. However, all compounds showed the growth inhibitory property against early third-instar larvae of M. separata. Notably, compounds 7m, 8b, 8k, 9, and 11 displayed more potent pesticidal activity than toosendanin. This demonstrated that introducing the C-4 carbonyl or oxime group on fraxinellone resulted in more promising derivatives than those bearing a C-10 carbonyl or oxime substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- College of Plant Protection, and ‡Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Plant Protection, and ‡Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Li
- College of Plant Protection, and ‡Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Ma
- College of Plant Protection, and ‡Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lv
- College of Plant Protection, and ‡Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Plant Protection, and ‡Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Cao LL, Zhang YY, Liu YJ, Yang TT, Zhang JL, Zhang ZG, Shen L, Liu JY, Ye YH. Anti-phytopathogenic activity of sporothriolide, a metabolite from endophyte Nodulisporium sp. A21 in Ginkgo biloba. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 129:7-13. [PMID: 27017876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused multiple plant diseases resulting in severe loss of crop production. Increasing documents endorsed that endophytes are a striking resource pool for numerous metabolites with various bioactivities such as anti-fungal. Here we reported the characterization and anti-phytopathogenic activity of sporothriolide, a metabolite produced by Nodulisporium sp. A21-an endophytic fungus in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. Among the total twenty-five endophytic fungi isolated from the healthy leaves of G. biloba, the fermentation broth (FB) of the strain A21 was found potently inhibitory activity against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum using mycelia growth inhibition method. A21 was then identified as Nodulisporium sp., the asexual stage of Hypoxylon sp., by microscopic examination and ITS rDNA sequence data comparison. Under the bioassay-guided fractionation, sporothriolide was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the FB of A21, whose structure was established by integrated interpretation of HR-ESI-MS and (1)H- and (13)C-NMR. Furthermore, the crystal structure of sporothriolide was first reported. In addition, sporothriolide was validated to be potently antifungal against R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and inhibit conidium germination of Magnaporthe oryzae in vitro and in vivo, indicating that it could be used as a lead compound for new fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Cao
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie Liu
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zheng-Guang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Yong-Hao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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18
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Xu G, Yang X, Jiang B, Lei P, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Ling Y. Synthesis and bioactivities of novel piperazine-containing 1,5-Diphenyl-2-penten-1-one analogues from natural product lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1849-53. [PMID: 26906636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,5-Diphenyl-2-penten-1-one analogues (7a-h, 8a-h) with piperazine moiety have been designed and synthesized on the basis of natural product 1,5-Diphenyl-2-penten-1-one (I). All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for anti-plant pathogenic fungi activities and insecticidal activities. The results indicated that most of these analogues exhibited moderate antifungal activities and moderate to good insecticidal activities. Amongst them, the most potent 7c, 7e and 7h keep a mortality of 100% against larva of mosquito at the concentration of 1mg/L. Initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis showed that, a methyl group can influence the biological activities of these compounds significantly, the compounds with N'-unsubstituted piperazine showed much better antifungal activities and larvicidal activity against mosquito than the compounds with N'-methylated piperazine. In addition, the larvicidal activity against mosquito had sharply decline when the substituent on benzene ring was changed from 4-position to 2 or 3-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Biaobiao Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 100193, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuebo Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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19
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Fan L, Zhi X, Che Z, Xu H. Insight into 2α-Chloro-2'(2',6')-(Di)Halogenopicropodophyllotoxins Reacting with Carboxylic Acids Mediated by BF3·Et2O. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16285. [PMID: 26573374 PMCID: PMC4648097 DOI: 10.1038/srep16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereospecific nucleophilic substitution at the C-4α position of 2α-chloro-2'(2',6')-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin derivatives with carboxylic acids mediated by BF3·Et2O was described. Interestingly, this stereoselective products were completely controlled by the reaction time. That is, if the reaction time was prolonged to 24.5-31 h, the resulting compounds were all transformed into the unusual C-ring aromatization products. Additionally, it demonstrated that BF3·Et2O and reaction temperature were the important factors for C-ring aromatization, and AlCl3 could be substituted for BF3·Et2O as a lewis acid for C-ring aromatization. Halogenation of E-ring of 2β-chloropodophyllotoxins with NCS or NBS also led to the same C-ring aromatization compounds. Especially compounds 5c, 6g and 7b exhibited insecticidal activity equal to that of toosendanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design &Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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Wang R, Zhi X, Li J, Xu H. Synthesis of Novel Oxime Sulfonate Derivatives of 2'(2',6')-(Di)chloropicropodophyllotoxins as Insecticidal Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6668-6674. [PMID: 26166302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To discover novel natural-product-based pesticidal agents, we prepared a series of oxime sulfonate derivatives of 2'(2',6')-(Di)chloropicropodophyllotoxins by structural modification of podophyllotoxin. Their structures were well-characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), optical rotation, and melting point. Moreover, the key steric structure of compound 5f was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally, their insecticidal activity was evaluated at 1 mg/mL against the pre-third-instar larvae of oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker), a typical lepidopteran pest. Among all derivatives, compounds 4c, 5c, and 5d exhibited more promising insecticidal activity, with the final mortality rates greater than 60%, when compared to their precursor podophyllotoxin and the positive control, toosendanin. It demonstrated that introduction of the chlorine atom at the C-2' or C-2',6' position on the E ring of picropodophyllotoxin or oxime sulfonate derivatives of picropodophyllotoxin was important for the insecticidal activity and introduction of a halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, or bromine) atom-substituted phenylsulfonyl group on the oxime fragment of 2'(2',6')-(di)chloropicropodophyllones could lead to more promising compounds.
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