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Sahu PL, Maurya AK, Priyadarshini S, Siddiqui AA, Sahu K. Measurement Uncertainty and Validation for Quantitation of Salbutamol in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:605-611. [PMID: 36214345 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and specific gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed for quantitation of salbutamol in human urine using salbutamol-d3 as the internal standard. The processing of urines samples includes deconjugation with enzymatic hydrolysis, solid phase extraction procedure utilizing XAD2 column and liquid-liquid extraction accompanied by the derivatization by means of MSTFA/IODO-TMS/DTE mixture. The GC column was a HP Ultra-1 (17 m × 0.22 mm × 0.11 μm) used to separate the peak of interest. The data for GC-MS/MS were acquired and processed utilizing GC Labs Solution and Insight GCMS Software. The detection of spectra was performed on TQ 8050. This method included a chromatographic run of 13.67 min and the linearity was found over the concentration range of 250-2000 ng/mL with a regression coefficient (r2) of 0.99. The coefficient of variation for intra and interday assay precision was between 1.85 and 2.85% and the accuracy was between 95.50 and 107.04% for low quality control (QC), medium QC and high QC. The recovery was adequate to reliable detect the analyte at or below the level recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency i.e., threshold 1000 ng/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 10 and 100 ng/mL, respectively. The expanded measurement uncertainty (Uexp%) was found to be 8.28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puran Lal Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS), Government of India, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Maurya
- National Dope Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS), Government of India, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Subhasmita Priyadarshini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Anees Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kapendra Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS), Government of India, New Delhi 110003, India
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Hu S, Yang G, Chen Z, Li Q, Liu B, Liu M, Zhang D, Chang S, Kong R. Docking guided phase display to develop fusion protein with novel scFv and alkaline phosphatase for one-step ELISA salbutamol detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190793. [PMID: 37250048 PMCID: PMC10213401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salbutamol (SAL) is a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist which has potential hazardous effects for human health. It is very important to establish a sensitive and convenient method to monitor SAL. Methods Here we introduce a method to combine the information from docking and site specific phage display, with the aim to obtain scFv with high affinity to SAL. First, single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against SAL were generated through phage display. By using molecular docking approach, the complex structure of SAL with antibody was predicted and indicated that H3 and L3 contribute to the binding. Then new libraries were created by randomization specific residues located on H3 and L3 according to the docking results. Results and discussion Anti-SAL scFv antibodies with high efficiency were finally identified. In addition, the selected scFv was fused with alkaline phosphatase and expressed in E coli to develop a rapid and low-cost one step ELISA to detect SAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiuye Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing New BioConcepts Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing New BioConcepts Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Ren Kong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
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Liang J, Liu Z, Xie H, Fang Y, Quan Q, Shen X, Lei H, Xu Z, Li X. Ultrasensitive Magnetic Assisted Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based on Chiral Monoclonal Antibody against R-(-)-Salbutamol of Broad-Specificity for 38 β-Agonists Detection in Swine Urine and Pork. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4112-4122. [PMID: 35344358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Screening for ″zero tolerance″ β-agonists requires broad-specificity and sensitivity methods. Herein, R-(-)-salbutamol (SAL) is chirally separated and designed as a hapten, and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) was first prepared with an IC50 of 0.27 ng/mL, which can recognize 38 β-agonists simultaneously. The broad-specificity of chiral mAb was explored by molecular simulation technology. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were then synthesized and applied as a signal tracer to develop a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The limits of detection of MNPs-LFIA for SAL in swine urine and pork were 0.05 and 0.09 μg/kg, which was (2-125)-fold lower than that of the reported LFIAs. The recoveries were between 95.8 and 116.7%, with the coefficient of variation from 2.7 to 15.4%. Parallel analysis of 44 samples by commercial ELISA kits confirmed the reliability. Therefore, our work not only provides a broad-specificity and ultrasensitive method for β-agonists but also suggests that chirality is the new general theory that guided the rational hapten design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haihuan Xie
- Wuzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Wuzhou 543099, China
| | - Yalin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ouyang S, Yu S, Le Y. Current Advances in Immunoassays for the Detection of β2-Agonists. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060803. [PMID: 35327226 PMCID: PMC8947354 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-agonists are a group of synthetic phenylethanolamine compounds which are traditionally used for treating bronchospasm. These compounds can also increase skeletal muscle mass and decrease body fat. The illegal use of β2-agonists in food-producing animals results in residue of β2-agonists in edible tissues and causes adverse health effects in humans. Thus, the detection of β2-agonists at trace level in complex sample matrices is of great importance for monitoring the abuse of β2-agonists. Many methods have been developed to detect β2-agonists. Among them, a variety of antigen–antibody interaction-based techniques have been established to detect β2-agonists in various samples, including animal feed, urine, serum, milk, tissues and hair. In this review, we summarized current achievement in the extraction of β2-agonists from testing samples and detection of β2-agonists using immunological techniques. Future perspectives were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (S.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuting Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (S.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (S.O.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence:
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Ren Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Zheng P, Zhang H, Jiang H. A highly specific and sensitive indirect competitive monoclonal ELISA for the detection of brombuterol in animal feed, swine urine, pork and liver samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:586-593. [PMID: 33596157 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1877835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brombuterol, a new β-adrenergic agonist to enhance animal growth and increase feeding efficiency, is forbidden as an additive in animal feed for livestock production due to its adverse effects on consumers. In this study, a highly specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody was obtained and an indirect competitive monoclonal ELISA was developed to detect brombuterol, with an IC50 value of 0.1 μg/kg (μg/L) and no cross-reactivity to other structurally related β-adrenergic agonists. The average recovery of brombuterol using the icELISA method ranged from 72.9% to 106.4% with the coefficient of variation lower than 18.9%, which was determined by analysing spiked animal feed, swine urine, pork and liver samples (n = 5). Finally, the icELISA gave results having a good correlation with those obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These results demonstrated that the developed icELISA for the detection of brombuterol is highly specific, sensitive, and reliable, indicating good potential for use in the area of food safety to improve consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yinhui Chen
- Products Development Department, Beijing WDWK Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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Malahom N, Jarujamrus P, Anutrasakda W, Chawengkirttikul R, Siripinyanond A, Meelapsom R, Amatatongchai M. Novel paper-based colorimetric immunoassay (PCI) for sensitive and specific detection of salbutamol residues in flesh of swine and urine using Ag 3 PO 4 /Ag nanocomposite as label. J Food Sci 2019; 85:209-219. [PMID: 31830325 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Salbutamol (SAL) can cause potential hazards to human health and its use as a growth promoter in meat-producing animals is illegal. This work reports a novel approach for competitive paper-based colorimetric immunoassay (PCI) using the Ag3 PO4 /Ag nanocomposite as label for sensitive and specific determination of SAL in flesh of swine and urine. The Ag3 PO4 /Ag nanocomposite was synthesized by a one-step chemical bath method, which could instantly oxidize a chromogenic substrate for the color development under acidic conditions without the participation of H2 O2 . This approach provides high affinity between the Ag3 PO4 /Ag nanocomposite and the substrate (with the Michaelis-Menten constant of 0.44 mM). In addition, the fabrication process of the PCI was simple and cost-effective. Particularly, the novel PCI also exhibits simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the fabrication process through a simple wax screen-printing, which requires inexpensive equipment and material including a screen, wax, a squeegee, and a hair dryer. Under optimal conditions, the competitive PCI exhibited a linearity range of 0.025 to 1.00 µg/L. The developed approach offers advantages over the conventional ELISA for the purpose of routine use because it requires a shorter incubation time (<1 hr), significantly small volumes of reagents and samples (<100 µL each), and an inexpensive consumer-grade digital camera coupled with a simple gray-scale transformation of the RGB (Red Green Blue) color image for the purpose of quantification of the detection. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Salbutamol (SAL) can cause potential hazards to human health and the use of which as growth promoter in meat-producing animals is illegal. This work introduces a novel approach for competitive immunoassay on paper-based colorimetric immunoassay using the Ag3 PO4 /Ag nanocomposite as the label (instead of using natural enzyme) for low-cost, sensitive, and specific determination of SAL residues at low level in flesh of swine and urine samples. The proposed approach offers advantages over the conventional ELISA for the purpose of routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthaporn Malahom
- Dept. of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Univ., Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Purim Jarujamrus
- Dept. of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Univ., Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Wipark Anutrasakda
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Atitaya Siripinyanond
- Dept. of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rattapol Meelapsom
- Dept. of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin Univ., Kalasin, 46000, Thailand
| | - Maliwan Amatatongchai
- Dept. of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Univ., Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
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Fang B, Hu S, Wang C, Yuan M, Huang Z, Xing K, Liu D, Peng J, Lai W. Lateral flow immunoassays combining enrichment and colorimetry-fluorescence quantitative detection of sulfamethazine in milk based on trifunctional magnetic nanobeads. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yola ML, Atar N. Simultaneous determination of β-agonists on hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:669-676. [PMID: 30606580 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Agonists are illegally consumed in various products such as food and animal and effect the nutrition distribution owing to change of body fat. In addition, they result in acute poisoning and several symptoms such as muscular tremors and nervousness. A new electrochemical approach based on two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) nanosheets decorated functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) was presented for simultaneous determination of β-agonists such as phenylethanolamine A (PEA), clenbuterol (CLE), ractopamine (RAC) and salbutamol (SAL) in urine samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used characterizations of nanomaterials. After that, 2D-hBN/f-MWCNTs nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for simultaneous determination of β-agonists. 1.0 × 10-12-1.0 × 10-8 M and 1.0 × 10-13 M were founded as the linearity range and the detection limit (LOD) for PEA, CLE, RAC and SAL. Finally, the prepared electrochemical sensor was used for urine sample analysis in presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Necip Atar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Denizli, Turkey.
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Lee W, Syed A. A, Leow CY, Tan SC, Leow CH. Isolation and characterization of a novel anti-salbutamol chicken scFv for human doping urinalysis. Anal Biochem 2018; 555:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Liu Z, Zhang B, Sun J, Yi Y, Li M, Du D, Zhu F, Luan J. Highly efficient detection of salbutamol in environmental water samples by an enzyme immunoassay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:861-865. [PMID: 28942319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salbutamol (SAL) has potential hazardous effects on health, and has been found in natural water globally. To protect consumers from risks related to SAL residues, a fast and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of SAL in environmental water samples. SAL hapten was synthesized and conjugated to proteins to be used as the immunogen for producing polyclonal antibodies. Under optimized conditions, the ELISA showed a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of 0.466μg/L, with a limit of detection (LOD, IC10 value) of 0.021μg/L. The LOD of the ELISA was 5-fold lower than the maximum residue limits. The average recoveries of SAL from environmental samples, including tap water, river water and wastewater, ranged from 80.1 to 115.6%, which is well within the requirements of residue detection. Moreover, the results of the ELISA correlated well with high-performance liquid chromatography results, with a correlation coefficient of 0.988. These results suggest that the proposed ELISA method has potential application for the monitoring of SAL residues in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinhui Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ming Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiawen Luan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Cordell RL, Valkenburg TSE, Pandya HC, Hawcutt DB, Semple MG, Monks PS. Quantitation of salbutamol using micro-volume blood sampling - applications to exacerbations of pediatric asthma. J Asthma 2017; 55:1205-1213. [PMID: 29211599 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1402341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed to quantify salbutamol in micro-volumes (10 µL) of blood. A potential application is paediatric therapeutic dose monitoring (TDM) in acute severe asthma. METHODS At presentation, the children receive multiple doses of salbutamol (inhaled, nebulised and occasionally intravenous) but it is difficult to distinguish children who do not respond to treatment because of inadequate concentrations from those with toxicity, as symptoms are similar. A comparison was made between traditional dried blood spots (DBS) and the newly developed technique volumetric absorptive micro-sampling (VAMS), with specific investigation into the effect of drying time on analyte recovery. RESULTS For both sampling techniques, the final assay demonstrated good precision and accuracy across the concentration range tested (3-100 ng/mL), including both the normal therapeutic and toxic range. The method was developed to comply with FDA guidelines with precision and accuracy ≤15% for all concentrations, except the limit of quantification (5 ng/mL) where they were ≤20%. VAMS offered advantages in sampling ease and reduced GC-MS interference. The assay was successfully applied to the quantification of blood salbutamol concentrations in three healthy volunteers dosed with 1 mg salbutamol by inhalation. CONCLUSIONS This demonstrated its potential for use in paediatric TDM studies, where in the acute situation considerably higher doses of salbutamol will have been administered. This is the first time that a TDM method for salbutamol has been carried out using VAMS and offers all the advantages provided by DBS, whilst eliminating the inherent sampling volume inaccuracies of traditional DBS collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Cordell
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , LE1 7RH , UK
| | | | - Hitesh C Pandya
- b Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation , University of Leicester , Leicester , LE1 7RH , UK.,c Respiratory TAU and Flexible Discovery , GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , UK
| | - Daniel B Hawcutt
- d Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , L69 3BX , UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- d Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , L69 3BX , UK
| | - Paul S Monks
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , LE1 7RH , UK
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Peng D, Zhang L, Situ C, Pan Y, Tao Y, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits for the Detection of Clenbuterol and Salbutamol in the Tissues and Products of Food-Producing Animals. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Chen YH, Yang CY, Cheng CW, Lin YY, Kuo SL, Hsin LW. Identification of Buctopamine and Mebuctopamine, a β 2 Receptor Agonist and Its Metabolite, in Swine Hair and Feed Additives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3965-3974. [PMID: 28453289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
4-[2-(t-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol (buctopamine, 4), a new β2 receptor agonist (β2-agonist), was found to be an adulterant in feed additives for swine in Taiwan, where using β2-agonists in food-production animals is prohibited. Buctopamine and its metabolite, 4-[2-(t-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol (mebuctopamine, 2), were detected in swine hair specimens. Authentic compounds 2 and 4 were synthesized with 98.6% and 97.7% purity, respectively, as reference standards for analysis, and both compounds were more hydrophilic than ractopamine and clenbuterol. In a preliminary pharmacological evaluation, compounds 2 and 4 exhibited moderate human β2 receptor binding affinity and did not show significant affinities for the human α1, α2, β1, and β3 receptors. After addition of compounds 2-4 into the β2-agonist library, a multiresidue analysis of 26 β2-agonists by using triple quadrupole LC/MS/MS for routine screening conducted by regulatory authorities was established, in which the common limits of quantification for the 26 β2-agonists in swine feed and hair are 10 and 25 ng/g, respectively. In addition, the illegal use of buctopamine (4) has been effectively prevented. The results of this study are also useful for controlling the illegal use of new β2-agonists in food-production animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chih Wen Cheng
- Technical Service Center, National Animal Industry Foundation, 100, Section 2, Heping West Road, 5F, Taipei 10070, Taiwan
| | | | - Su Lien Kuo
- Technical Service Center, National Animal Industry Foundation, 100, Section 2, Heping West Road, 5F, Taipei 10070, Taiwan
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Liu H, Gan N, Chen Y, Ding Q, Huang J, Lin S, Cao Y, Li T. Novel method for the rapid and specific extraction of multiple β
2
‐agonist residues in food by tailor‐made Monolith‐MIPs extraction disks and detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3578-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Ning Gan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yinji Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and SafetyNanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Jie Huang
- Faculty of Marine ScienceNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Saichai Lin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Tianhua Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
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Zhang X, Chu Y, Yang H, Zhao K, Li J, Du H, She P, Deng A. Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Salbutamol in Swine Feed, Meat, and Urine Samples by a Competitive Immunochromatographic Test Integrated with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Liufu T, Beloglazova NV, Luo P, Qu J, Jiang W. Development of a Competitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Screening Phenylethanolamine A Residues in Pork Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Li C, Li J, Jiang W, Zhang S, Shen J, Wen K, Wang Z. Development and Application of a Gel-Based Immunoassay for the Rapid Screening of Salbutamol and Ractopamine Residues in Pork. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10556-10561. [PMID: 26595169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Salbutamol (SAL) and ractopamine (RAC) have been illegally used to promote protein synthesis and to increase the feed conversion rate in livestock. However, the residues of SAL and RAC could cause potential hazards for human health. The Ministry of Agriculture of China banned the use of SAL and RAC as growth promoters. In this paper, we provide detailed information on developing a rapid and sensitive gel-based immunoassay for on-site screening of SAL and RAC residues in pork. The detection time was shortened to 20 min. The limits of detection were 0.5 μg/kg for both SAL and RAC by visual detection, whereas the quantitative gel-based immunoassay enabled the detection of SAL (0.051 μg/kg) and RAC (0.020 μg/kg) in spiked pork samples. The gel-based immunoassay showed promise as a multiplexed immunoassay for on-site surveilling of SAL and RAC residues in pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- The Engineering Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , 518060 Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Li X, Wang W, Wang L, Wang Q, Pei X, Jiang H. Rapid determination of phenylethanolamine A in biological samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lateral-flow immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7615-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Chen Y, Xie M. A magnetic relaxation switching immunosensor for one-step detection of salbutamol based on gold nanoparticle–streptavidin conjugate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetic relaxation switching immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles–streptavidin conjugate for the detection of salbutamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Mengxia Xie
- Analytical & Testing Center of Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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20
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Zhang J, Shao X, Yue J, Li D, Chen Z. Preparation of ractopamine-tetraphenylborate complexed nanoparticles used as sensors to rapidly determine ractopamine residues in pork. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:639. [PMID: 25489290 PMCID: PMC4256977 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported a simple, fast, and sensitive determination of ractopamine (RAC) residues in pork by using novel ractopamine-tetraphenylborate complexed nanoparticles (RT NPs) as sensors. The prepared RT NPs exhibited a fast response time of 10 s, a wide linear range from 0.1 to 1.0 × 10(-7) mol/L, and a very low detection limit of 7.4 × 10(-8) mol/L. The prepared sensor also presents a high selectivity for ractopamine under different pH conditions ranged from 2.85 to 7.18. These results reveal that the fabricated RT NPs can be used as efficient electrochemical sensors to determine ractopamine in animal productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xintian Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingli Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Peng T, Zhang FS, Yang WC, Li DX, Chen Y, Xiong YH, Wei H, Lai WH. Lateral-flow assay for rapid quantitative detection of clorprenaline residue in swine urine. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1824-9. [PMID: 25285506 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clorprenaline (CLP), a β2-adrenergic agonist, was first found in veterinary drugs for cold treatment in China in 2013. It is a potential new lean meat-boosting feed additive because it can promote animal muscular mass growth and decrease fat accumulation. A competitive colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunoassay system with a portable strip reader was successfully developed for rapid quantitative detection of CLP residue in swine urine. The detection system was optimized so that the detection can be completed within 9 min with a limit of detection of 0.15 μg · liter(-1). The assay exhibited good linear range from 3.0 to 20.0 μg · liter(-1), with reliable correlation of 0.9970 and with no obvious cross-reaction with five other β2-agonist compounds. Twenty spiked swine urine samples were tested by lateral flow immunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the accuracy of the system. Results show good correlation between the two methods. This method is rapid, sensitive, specific, and convenient. It can be applied in the field for on-site detection of CLP in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu S Zhang
- Jiangxi Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Inspection Center, 151 Wenjiao Road, Nanchang 330077, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan C Yang
- Jiangxi Zodolabs Bioengineering Co., Ltd., 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong X Li
- Jiangxi Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Inspection Center, 151 Wenjiao Road, Nanchang 330077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Jiangxi Zodolabs Bioengineering Co., Ltd., 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong H Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei H Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Wu Y, Xu F, Jiang H, Tao X, Zhu K, Liu W, Cui Y, Huang X, Ding S. Determination of Salbutamol, Clenbuterol, and Brombuterol in Urine by a Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.917422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Li C, Luo W, Xu H, Zhang Q, Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Lai W, Wei H, Xiong Y. Development of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid and quantitative detection of clenbuterol in swine urine. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Hsieh K, Lin C, Cheng C, Lai C, Sheu S, Yao C, Lei Y, Chang T, Kuo T. Screening Procedures for Chloramphenicol Residue Determination in Serum, Milk, and Feedstuff Using Immunochromatographic Assay. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2013.838784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Sheu SY, Wang YK, Tai YT, Lei YC, Chang TH, Yao CH, Kuo TF. ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMPETITIVE ELISA FOR DETECTION OF FLORFENICOL ANTIBIOTIC IN FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2013; 34:438-52. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2013.779924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Ru(phen)32+ doped silica nanoparticle based immunochromatographic strip for rapid quantitative detection of β-agonist residues in swine urine. Talanta 2013; 114:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Freire EF, Borges KB, Tanimoto H, Nogueira RT, Bertolini LCT, de Gaitani CM. Monitoring of ractopamine concentration in the mixture of this feed additive with vitamin mineral complex and with swine feed by HPLC. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:796-803. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.780213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Sheu SY, Tai YT, Li WR, Lei YC, Hsieh KH, Lin CY, Cheng CC, Chang TH, Kuo TF. Development of a competitive ELISA for the detection of a furaltadone marker residue, 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), in cultured fish samples. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1439-46. [PMID: 22785246 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for tissue-bound metabolite 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and the application to residue analysis in cultured fish samples. The residue is monitored as a marker for the drug furaltadone. The assay enables the detection of protein bound AMOZ in the form of a 2-nitrophenyl derivative (2-NP-AMOZ) in sample supernatant or extract after acid hydrolysis and derivatization with o-nitrobenzaldehyde. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies were produced with a new immunogen hapten, 2-NP-HXA-AMOZ. The new ELISA had adequate analytical sensitivity (IC(50) value 0.325 μg kg(-1); limit of detection 0.1 μg kg(-1)) to determine a trace of AMOZ residue and had a high selectivity. Recoveries of AMOZ fortified at the levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μg kg(-1) ranged from 89.8 to 112.5% with coefficients of variation of 12.4-16.2% over the range of AMOZ concentrations studied. The results obtained with the ELISA correlated well with those obtained by commercial test kits for 150 tested samples (r=0.984). The results suggest that the developed ELISA is a highly specific, accurate, and sensitive method suitable for high throughput screening for AMOZ residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Zhang C, Zhang R, Na N, Delanghe JR, Ouyang J. Direct monitoring changes of salbutamol concentration in serum by chemiluminescent imaging. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2089-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Cheng J, Zhang L, Lu Q, Lu M, Chen Z, Chen G. pCEC coupling with ESI-MS for the analysis of β2-agonists and narcotics using a poly-(1-hexadecene-co-TMPTMA) monolithic column. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1991-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Sheu SY, Lei YC, Tai YT, Chang TH, Kuo TF. Screening of salbutamol residues in swine meat and animal feed by an enzyme immunoassay in Taiwan. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 654:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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De Brabander H, Noppe H, Verheyden K, Vanden Bussche J, Wille K, Okerman L, Vanhaecke L, Reybroeck W, Ooghe S, Croubels S. Residue analysis: Future trends from a historical perspective. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7964-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Chuang MS, Huang HH, Dixon KM, Chen KS, Mao CL, Chen CL. Detection of urine and blood clenbuterol following short-term oral administration in the horse. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 32:171-6. [PMID: 19821644 DOI: 10.3109/08923970903179688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The pharmacokinetics of clenbuterol in equine urine and blood was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Urine and blood samples were collected following 3-day multiple oral administrations. The samples were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and further confirmed by solid phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS Urinary clenbuterol was detectable until day 14 after the last dose. The urinary excretion of clenbuterol was characterized by a biphasic pattern. The half-lives of the bi-exponential elimination (t(1/2alpha) and t(1/2beta)) for urinary clenbuterol were about 12.1 and 48 hours. After a single oral administration (4 microg/kg) of clenbuterol, the half-life of serum clenbuterol was approximately 11.4 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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34
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Cheng CC, Hsieh KH, Lei YC, Tai YT, Chang TH, Sheu SY, Li WR, Kuo TF. Development and residue screening of the furazolidone metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), in cultured fish by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5687-5692. [PMID: 19526989 DOI: 10.1021/jf900859r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of tissue-bound metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) is described. The procedures allow for the detection of protein-bound AOZ in the form of a 2-nitrophenyl derivative (2-NP-AOZ) in the sample supernatant or extract after acid hydrolysis and derivatization with o-nitrobenzaldehyde. The polyclonal rabbit antibodies were produced with the immunogen hapten, 2-NP-HXA-AOZ, and the 50% inhibition values (IC(50)) of 0.14 microg kg(-1) of AOZ was achieved with the most sensitive antibody A0505. The mean lower detection limit of the ELISA method is about 0.025 microg kg(-1). According to the test preparation record, the detection limit is 0.1 microg kg(-1), which is well below the minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) for tissue-bound residues of AOZ at 1 microg kg(-1) in the European Communities. In the present study, we investigated the use of homemade ELISA, a new immunoassay, to monitor the presence of the furazolidone marker residue in 370 samples of cultured fish. Adopting 0.3 microg kg(-1) AOZ as a cutoff value, the ELISA has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.5% versus high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) at a cutoff of 0.3 microg kg(-1) and gives no false-negative rate results. From the practical point of view, the homemade kit could be advantageously used for the screening of large groups of animal-edible tissue samples and the kit employed has good reliability even in routine application for the control of the illegal use of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chen Cheng
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical, Incorporated, Taipei County 221, Taiwan
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