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Trapasso G, Mazzi G, Chícharo B, Annatelli M, Dalla Torre D, Aricò F. Multigram Synthesis of Pure HMF and BHMF. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2830-2838. [PMID: 36311378 PMCID: PMC9594346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
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5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a bio-based platform
chemical
that can be used as a building block to produce several compounds
with diverse applications. Even though HMF synthesis holds promise
for a greener future, the current state of technology and the high
production cost limit its competitiveness on an industrial scale.
In this prospect, we have developed a multigram-scale procedure for
HMF by reacting d-fructose with Purolite CT275DR—an
acidic resin—in a dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/tetraethyl ammonium
bromide (TEAB) biphasic system. Reactions performed in an autoclave
for 2 h at 110 °C using up to 40 gram of d-fructose
resulted in an overall HMF yield of 70%. HMF was purified by a custom-made
procedure leading to ca 50% of the pure crystalline product; meanwhile,
the residual HMF-rich oil was directly reduced to bis(hydroxymethyl)furan
(BHMF). Green metrics and the Ecoscale algorithm were used to evaluate
the sustainability of the herein-proposed procedure in comparison
with previously reported works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Trapasso
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mazzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Beatriz Chícharo
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Davide Dalla Torre
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
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2
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Salvitti C, de Petris G, Troiani A, Managò M, Villani C, Ciogli A, Sorato A, Ricci A, Pepi F. Accelerated d-Fructose Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Thin Films Formed by Charged Microdroplets Deposition. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:565-572. [PMID: 35112862 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thin films derived by the deposition of charged microdroplets generated in the ESI source of a mass spectrometer act as highly concentrated reaction vessels in which the final products of an ion-molecule reaction can be isolated by their precipitation onto a solid surface under ambient conditions. In this study, the ESI Z-spray source supplied to a Q-TOF Ultima mass spectrometer was used to investigate the d-fructose acid-catalyzed reactions by microdroplets deposition onto a stainless-steel target surface. High conversion ratios of d-fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (5-HMF), 5-methoxymethylfuraldehyde (5-MMF), and difructrose anhydrides (DFAs) were obtained with HCl and KHSO4 as metal-free catalysts by using synthetic conditions under which the same products in bulk are not formed. Furthermore, the reaction outcome was found to be highly sensitive to the catalyst and the solvent employed as well as to the ESI source parameters influencing the thin film formation from microdroplets deposition onto the solid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvitti
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Managò
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorato
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andreina Ricci
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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3
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Cheng M, Wu H, Zhang W, Mu W. Difructose anhydride III: a 50-year perspective on its production and physiological functions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6714-6725. [PMID: 33775189 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1904823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Production and applications of difructose anhydride III (DFA-III) have attracted considerable attention because of its versatile physiological functions. Recently, large-scale production of DFA-III has been continuously explored, which opens a horizon for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review updates recent advances involving DFA-III, including: biosynthetic strategies, purification, and large-scale production of DFA-III; physiological functions of DFA-III and related mechanisms; DFA-III safety evaluations; present applications in food systems, existing problems, and further research prospects. Currently, enzymatic synthesis of DFA-III has been conducted both industrially and in academic research. Two biosynthetic strategies for DFA-III production are summarized: single- and double enzyme-mediated. DFA-III purification is achieved via yeast fermentation. Enzyme membrane bioreactors have been applied to meet the large-scale production demands for DFA-III. In addition, the primary physiological functions of DFA-III and their underlying mechanisms have been proposed. However, current applications of DFA-III are limited. Further research regarding DFA-III should focus on commercial production and purification, comprehensive study of physiological properties, extensive investigation of large-scale human experiments, and expansion of industrial applications. It is worthy to dig deep into potential application and commercial value of DFA-III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Mattonai M, Ribechini E. A comparison of fast and reactive pyrolysis with in situ derivatisation of fructose, inulin and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Anal Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Xing H, Yaylayan VA. Mechanochemical depolymerization of inulin. Carbohydr Res 2018; 460:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Effect of sourdough fermentation and baking process severity on bioactive fiber compounds in immature and ripe wheat flour bread. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Audemar M, Atencio-Genes L, Ortiz Mellet C, Jérôme F, Garcia Fernandez JM, De Oliveira Vigier K. Carbon Dioxide as a Traceless Caramelization Promotor: Preparation of Prebiotic Difructose Dianhydrides (DFAs)-Enriched Caramels from d-Fructose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6093-6099. [PMID: 28557424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of a concentrated solution of d-fructose with carbonic acid, generated from carbon dioxide, induces the formation of difructose dianhydrides (DFAs) and their glycosylated derivatives (glycosyl-DFAs), a family of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Under optimized conditions, up to 70% of the active DFA species were obtained from a highly concentrated solution of fructose, avoiding the filtration step and contamination risk associated with the current procedures that employ heterogeneous catalysis with acid ion-exchange resins. The optimized CO2-promoted preparation of DFA-enriched caramel described here has been already successfully scaled up to 150 kg of d-fructose for nutritional studies, showing that implementation of this process is possible at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Audemar
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, B1 , 1 rue Marcel Doré TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Loyda Atencio-Genes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quı́micas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla , Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla , Profesor Garcı́a González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - François Jérôme
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, B1 , 1 rue Marcel Doré TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - José Manuel Garcia Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quı́micas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla , Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karine De Oliveira Vigier
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, B1 , 1 rue Marcel Doré TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
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8
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van Putten RJ, van der Waal JC, Harmse M, van de Bovenkamp HH, de Jong E, Heeres HJ. A Comparative Study on the Reactivity of Various Ketohexoses to Furanics in Methanol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:1827-1834. [PMID: 27312687 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The acid-catalysed dehydration of the four 2-ketohexoses (fructose, sorbose, tagatose and psicose) to furanics was studied in methanol (65 g L(-1) substrate concentration, 17 and 34 mm sulfuric acid, 100 °C) with Avantium high-throughput technology. Significant differences in the reactivities of the hexoses and yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its methyl ether (MMF) were observed. Psicose and tagatose were the most reactive, and psicose also afforded the highest combined yield of MMF and HMF of approximately 55 % at 96 % sugar conversion. Hydroxyacetylfuran and its corresponding methyl ether were formed as byproducts, particularly for sorbose and tagatose, with a maximum combined yield of 8 % for sorbose. The formation of hydroxyacetylfuran was studied through (13) C NMR spectroscopy with labelled sorbose, which provided new insights into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan C van der Waal
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Harmse
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk H van de Bovenkamp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed de Jong
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hero J Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Esmaeili N, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ, Bouhendi H, Bagheri-Marandi G. HMF synthesis in aqueous and organic media under ultrasonication, microwave irradiation and conventional heating. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Wei F, Furihata K, Zhang M, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M. Use of NMR-Based Metabolomics To Chemically Characterize the Roasting Process of Chicory Root. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6459-6465. [PMID: 27504711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Roasted chicory root (Cichorium intybus) has been widely accepted as the most important coffee substitute. In this study, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based comprehensive analysis was performed to monitor the substantial changes in the composition of chicory root during the roasting process. A detailed signal assignment of dried raw and roasted chicory roots was carried out using 1H, 13C, 1H-1H DQF-COSY, 1H-13C edited-HSQC, 1H-13C CT-HMBC, and 1H-13C HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectra. On the basis of the signal assignments, 36 NMR-visible components were monitored simultaneously during roasting. Inulins, sucrose, and most of the amino acids were largely degraded during the roasting process, whereas monosaccharides decreased at the beginning and then increased until the dark roasting stage. Acetamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, di-d-fructose dianhydride, and norfuraneol were newly formed during roasting. Furthermore, a principal component analysis score plot indicated that similar chemical composition profiles could be achieved by roasting the chicory root either at a higher firepower for a shorter time or at a lower firepower for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wei
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , 8 Ichiban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Kazuo Furihata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mimin Zhang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Fusaro MB, Chagnault V, Postel D. Reactivity of d-fructose and d-xylose in acidic media in homogeneous phases. Carbohydr Res 2015; 409:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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From fructans to difructose dianhydrides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:175-88. [PMID: 25431014 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fructans are the polymers of fructose molecules, normally having a sucrose unit at what would otherwise be the reducing terminus. Inulin and levan are two basic types of simple fructan, which contain β-(2, 1) and β-(2, 6) fructosyl-fructose linkage, respectively. Fructans not only can serve as soluble dietary fibers for food industry, but also may be biologically converted into high-value products, especially high-fructose syrup and fructo-oligosaccharides. In recent years, much attention has been focused on production of difructose dianhydrides (DFAs) from fructans. DFAs are cyclic disaccharides consisting of two fructose units with formation of two reciprocal glycosidic linkages. They are expected to have promising properties and beneficial effects on human health. DFAs can be produced from fructans by fructan fructotransferases. Inulin fructotransferase (IFTase) (DFA III-forming) and IFTase (DFA I-forming) catalyze the DFA III and DFA I production from inulin, respectively, and levan fructotransferase (LFTase) (DFA IV-forming) catalyzes the production of DFA IV from levan. In this article, the DFA-producing microorganisms are summarized, relevant studies on various DFAs-producing enzymes are reviewed, and especially, the comparisons of the enzymes are presented in detail.
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13
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Forgo P, Kiss A, Korózs M, Rapi S. Thermal degradation and consequent fragmentation of widely applied oligosaccharides. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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van Putten RJ, van der Waal JC, de Jong E, Rasrendra CB, Heeres HJ, de Vries JG. Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1499-597. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2009] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jan van Putten
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ed de Jong
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolus B. Rasrendra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- DSM Innovative Synthesis BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, the Netherlands
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15
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Golon A, Kuhnert N. Unraveling the chemical composition of caramel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3266-3274. [PMID: 22375847 DOI: 10.1021/jf204807z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Caramel is one of mankind's best known dietary materials obtained from carbohydrates by heating. Much effort has been expended toward the chemical characterization of the components of caramel but impeded by a lack of suitable analytical techniques sufficiently powerful for providing insight into an extraordinarily complex material. This paper reports the characterization of caramel formed by heating from glucose, fructose, and saccharose using a conceptually novel combination of mass spectrometrical techniques. The analytical strategy employed uses high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) followed by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem MS experiments. Caramel is composed from several thousand compounds formed by a small number of unselective and chemoselective reactions. Caramelization products include oligomers with up to six carbohydrate units formed through unselective glycosidic bond formation, dehydration products of oligomers losing up to a maximum of eight water molecules, hydration products of sugar oligomers, disproportionation products, and colored aromatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Golon
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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16
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Isolation and identification of Di-D-fructose dianhydrides resulting from heat-induced degradation of inulin. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Waleckx E, Mateos-Diaz JC, Gschaedler A, Colonna-Ceccaldi B, Brin N, García-Quezada G, Villanueva-Rodríguez S, Monsan P. Use of inulinases to improve fermentable carbohydrate recovery during tequila production. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Méndez-Ardoy A, Suárez-Pereira E, Balbuena Oliva P, Jiménez Blanco JL, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Difructose Dianhydrides by Use of the Xylylene Group as Stereodirecting Element in Spiroketalisation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Kwok K, Mauer LJ, Taylor LS. Kinetics of moisture-induced hydrolysis in powder blends stored at and below the deliquescence relative humidity: investigation of sucrose-citric acid mixtures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11716-11724. [PMID: 20964346 DOI: 10.1021/jf101941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that deliquescent organic compounds frequently exhibit chemical instability when stored in environmental conditions above their deliquescence relative humidity (RH). The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of atmospheric moisture on the long-term chemical stability of crystalline sucrose-citric acid mixtures following storage at RHs at and below the mutual deliquescence relative humidity (MDRH). Interestingly, it was found that sucrose hydrolysis can occur below the MDRH of 64% and was observed for samples stored at 54% RH. However, hydrolysis was not seen for samples stored at 33 or 43% RH. The rate of sucrose hydrolysis could be modeled by taking into account the rate and extent of moisture uptake, which in turn was dependent on the composition of the powder and the storage RH. A reaction mechanism initiated by capillary condensation and involving additional deliquescence lowering by the degradation products formed as a result of sucrose hydrolysis (glucose and fructose) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Kwok
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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20
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Mellet CO, Fernández JMG. Difructose Dianhydrides (DFAs) and DFA-Enriched Products as Functional Foods. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:49-77. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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21
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Suárez-Pereira E, Rubio EM, Pilard S, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Di-D-fructose dianhydride-enriched products by acid ion-exchange resin-promoted caramelization of D-fructose: chemical analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1777-1787. [PMID: 20039676 DOI: 10.1021/jf903354y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Caramelization commonly occurs when sugars, or products containing a high proportion of sugars, are heated either dry or in concentrated aqueous solutions, alone or in the presence of certain additives. Upon thermal treatment of sugars, dehydration and self-condensation reactions occur, giving rise to volatiles (principally 2-hydroxymethylfurfural, HMF), pigments (melanoidines) and oligosaccharidic material, among which di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs) and glycosylated DFA derivatives of different degree of polymerization (DP) have been identified. This study reports a methodology to produce caramel-like products with a high content of DFAs and oligosaccharides thereof from commercial D-fructose based on the use of acid ion-exchange resins as caramelization promotors. The rate of formation of these compounds as a function of D-fructose concentration, catalyst proportion, temperature, catalyst nature and particle size has been investigated. The use of sulfonic acid resins allows conducting caramelization at remarkable low temperatures (70-90 degrees C) to reach conversions into DFA derivatives up to 70-80% in 1-2 h, with relative proportions of HMF < 2%.The relative abundance of individual DFA structures can be modulated by acting on the catalyst nature and reaction conditions, which offers a unique opportunity for nutritional studies of DFA-enriched products with well-defined compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Suárez-Pereira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Sevilla, Spain
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22
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García-Moreno MI, Benito JM, Mellet CO, Fernández JMG. Chemical and enzymatic approaches to carbohydrate-derived spiroketals: di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs). Molecules 2008; 13:1640-70. [PMID: 18794777 PMCID: PMC6245366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs) comprise a unique family of stereoisomeric spiro-tricyclic disaccharides formed upon thermal and/or acidic activation of sucrose- and/ or D-fructose-rich materials. The recent discovery of the presence of DFAs in food products and their remarkable nutritional features has attracted considerable interest from the food industry. DFAs behave as low-caloric sweeteners and have proven to exert beneficial prebiotic nutritional functions, favouring the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. In the era of functional foods, investigation of the beneficial properties of DFAs has become an important issue. However, the complexity of the DFA mixtures formed during caramelization or roasting of carbohydrates by traditional procedures (up to 14 diastereomeric spiroketal cores) makes evaluation of their individual properties a difficult challenge. Great effort has gone into the development of efficient procedures to obtain DFAs in pure form at laboratory and industrial scale. This paper is devoted to review the recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of DFAs by means of chemical and enzymatic approaches, their scope, limitations, and complementarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabel García-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - Juan M. Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
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García-Moreno MI, Benito JM, Mellet CO, Fernández JMG. Chemical and enzymatic approaches to carbohydrate-derived spiroketals: di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs). Molecules 2008. [PMID: 18794777 PMCID: PMC6245366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs) comprise a unique family of stereoisomeric spiro-tricyclic disaccharides formed upon thermal and/or acidic activation of sucrose- and/ or D-fructose-rich materials. The recent discovery of the presence of DFAs in food products and their remarkable nutritional features has attracted considerable interest from the food industry. DFAs behave as low-caloric sweeteners and have proven to exert beneficial prebiotic nutritional functions, favouring the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. In the era of functional foods, investigation of the beneficial properties of DFAs has become an important issue. However, the complexity of the DFA mixtures formed during caramelization or roasting of carbohydrates by traditional procedures (up to 14 diastereomeric spiroketal cores) makes evaluation of their individual properties a difficult challenge. Great effort has gone into the development of efficient procedures to obtain DFAs in pure form at laboratory and industrial scale. This paper is devoted to review the recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of DFAs by means of chemical and enzymatic approaches, their scope, limitations, and complementarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabel García-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: ;
| | - Juan M. Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: ;
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
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Waleckx E, Gschaedler A, Colonna-Ceccaldi B, Monsan P. Hydrolysis of fructans from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul during the cooking step in a traditional tequila elaboration process. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Stereoselective synthesis of nonsymmetrical difructose dianhydrides from xylylene-tethered d-fructose precursors. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Rubio EM, García-Moreno MI, Balbuena P, Lahoz FJ, Alvarez E, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernandez JM. Spacer-mediated synthesis of contra-thermodynamic spiroacetals: stereoselective synthesis of C2-symmetric difructose dianhydrides. J Org Chem 2007; 71:2257-66. [PMID: 16526771 DOI: 10.1021/jo052184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The xylylene moiety (ortho, meta, and para) was employed as a rigid tether in the spacer-mediated synthesis of difructose dianhydrides (DFAs), a unique class of bis-spiroacetal derivatives present in food products. The synthetic methodology exploits the suitability of triflic acid to promote spirocyclization in organic solvents under irreversible reaction conditions, using anomeric isopropylidene fructose derivatives as precursors. Advantage was taken of the strong dependence of the conformational properties of DFAs on the relative configuration of the spiroketal centers. Highly stereoselective syntheses of the contra-thermodynamic difructofuranose and difructopyranose diastereomers, namely the C2-symmetric derivatives having the beta-configuration at both anomeric centers, have been accomplished by judicious choice of the xylylene positional isomer and of the linking position to the fructose building blocks. Interestingly, the rigid spacer concept has also been implemented to favor intermolecular processes leading to higher macrocyclic architectures that incorporate the bis-spiro fructodisaccharide subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Rubio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Manley‐Harris M, Nicholson BK, Thomson RA. The Structure Of Hexa‐O‐acetyl‐α‐d‐fructofuranose‐β‐d‐fructofuranose 1,2′:2,6′‐Dianhydride. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120019009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merilyn Manley‐Harris
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brian K. Nicholson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ralph A. Thomson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Rubio EM, García-Moreno MI, Balbuena P, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM. Rigid spacer-mediated synthesis of bis-spiroketal ring systems: stereoselective synthesis of nonsymmetrical spiro disaccharides. Org Lett 2006; 7:729-31. [PMID: 15704936 DOI: 10.1021/ol0474094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of the "rigid spacer-mediated linkage between nonreacting centers" concept to the preparation of nonsymmetrical bis-spiroketal structures is demonstrated by the stereoselective synthesis of the bis-spiro fructodisaccharide 1, a minor component of industrial caramels. An o-xylylene bridge has been used to limit the conformational space during the intramolecular glycosylation-spirocyclization reaction of a difructopyranose precursor, thus controlling both the ring size and the stereochemistry at the spiro centers. [Structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Rubio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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Balbuena P, Rubio EM, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. The o-xylylene protecting group as an element of conformational control of remote stereochemistry in the synthesis of spiroketals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2610-2. [PMID: 16779494 DOI: 10.1039/b604718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protection of trans-1,2-diol segments as cyclic o-xylylene ethers strongly favours diequatorial over diaxial dispositions; the possibility of using this grouping for remote control of the stereochemistry in the synthesis of spiroketals is here demonstrated by the stereoselective synthesis of tricyclic spirodisaccharides (di-D-fructose dianhydrides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Balbuena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, E-41071, Sevilla, Spain
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Jang KH, Ryu EJ, Park BS, Song KB, Kang SA, Kim CH, Uhm TB, Park YI, Rhee SK. Levan fructotransferase from Arthrobacter oxydans J17-21 catalyzes the formation of the di-D-fructose dianhydride IV from levan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2632-2636. [PMID: 12696949 DOI: 10.1021/jf026207o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new levan fructotransferase (LFTase) isolated from Arthrobacter oxydans J17-21 was characterized for the production of difructose dianhydride IV (DFA IV). LFTase was purified to apparent homogeneity by Q-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography, Mono-Q HR 5/5 column chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. The enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 54000 Da. The optimum pH for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was pH 6.5, and the optimum temperature was observed at 45 degrees C. The LFTase was activated by the presence of CaCl(2) and EDTA-2Na but inhibited strongly by MnCl(2) and CuSO(4) at 1 mM and completely by FeSO(4) and Ag(2)SO(4) at 1 mM. A bacterial levan from Zymomonas mobilis was incubated with an LFTase; final conversion yield from the levan to DFA IV was 35%. Neither inulin, levanbiose, sucrose, dextran, nor starch was hydrolyzed by LFTase. DFA IV was very stable at acidic pH and high temperature, thus indicating that DFA IV may be suitable for the food industry and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyo Jang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea
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Blecker C, Fougnies C, Van Herck JC, Chevalier JP, Paquot M. Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of various oligofructose samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:1602-1607. [PMID: 11879043 DOI: 10.1021/jf010905b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic of acid hydrolysis of five commercially available oligofructose samples used as food ingredients has been investigated as a function of the dry matter concentration, reaction pH, and temperature. The initial fructose release rate is found to be roughly proportional to the inverse of the average polymerization degree in number. A pseudo first order kinetic is found with respect to the fructosyl chain end concentration and to the proton concentration. Arrhenius plot is found to reasonably fit the data in a relatively wide temperature range (7-130 degrees C). The results allow the estimation of the fructose release rate in many foodstuff processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Blecker
- Unité de Technologie des Industries Agro-alimentaires, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Passage des Déportés, 2 B 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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