1
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Kitao Y, Saito T, Watanabe S, Ohe Y, Takahashi K, Akaki T, Adachi T, Doi S, Yamanaka K, Murai Y, Oba M, Suzuki T. The discovery of 3,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxamides as AMPD2 inhibitors with a novel mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129110. [PMID: 36563792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AMP deaminase 2 (AMPD2) has been thought to play an important role in energy homeostasis and immuno-oncology, while selective AMPD2 inhibitors are highly demanded to clarify the physiological function of AMPD2. In this report, we describe selective AMPD2 inhibitors inducing allosteric modulation. Based on hypothesis that compounds that exhibit increased inhibition by preincubation would cause conformational change of the enzyme, starting from HTS hit compound 4, we discovered compound 8 through the SAR study. From X-ray structural information of 8, this chemical series has a novel mechanism of action that changes the substrate pocket to prevent AMP from binding. Further elaboration of compound 8 led to the tool compound 21 which exhibited potent inhibitory activity of AMPD2 in ex vivo evaluation of mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitao
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan.
| | - Tadataka Saito
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohe
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Akaki
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoki Doi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamanaka
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan; The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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2
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Lindell SD, Maechling S, Klein R, Freigang J, Laber B, Blanazs L, Leonhardt M, Haupt S, Petry T, Sabina RL. Mechanism and structure based design of inhibitors of AMP and adenosine deaminase. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 43:116272. [PMID: 34157570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) show interesting levels of herbicidal activity. An enzyme mechanism-based approach has been used to design new inhibitors of AMPD starting from nebularine (6) and resulting in the synthesis of 2-deoxy isonebularine (16). This compound is a potent inhibitor of the related enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA; IC50 16 nM), binding over 5000 times more strongly than nebularine. It is proposed that the herbicidal activity of compound 16 is due to 5́-phosphorylation in planta to give an inhibitor of AMPD. Subsequently, an enzyme structure-based approach was used to design new non-ribosyl AMPD inhibitors. The initial lead structure was discovered by in silico screening of a virtual library against plant AMPD. In a second step, binding to AMPD was further optimised via more detailed molecular modeling leading to 2-(benzyloxy)-5-(imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)benzoic acid (36) (IC50 300 nM). This compound does not inhibit ADA and shows excellent selectivity for plant over human AMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Lindell
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Simon Maechling
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Klein
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Laber
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Blanazs
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Merisa Leonhardt
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Haupt
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Petry
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Richard L Sabina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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3
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Malki Y, Martinez J, Masurier N. 1,3-Diazepine: A privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2247-2315. [PMID: 33645848 DOI: 10.1002/med.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as effective templates for drug discovery. While benzo-1,4-diazepine constitutes the first historical example of such a structure, the 1,3 analogue is just as rich in terms of applications in medicinal chemistry. The 1,3-diazepine moiety is present in numerous biological active compounds including natural products, and is used to design compounds displaying a large range of biological activities. It is present in the clinically used anticancer compound pentostatin, in several recent FDA approved β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., avibactam) and also in coformycin, a natural product known as a ring-expanded purine analogue displaying antiviral and anticancer activities. Several other 1,3-diazepine containing compounds have entered into clinical trials. This heterocyclic structure has been and is still widely used in medicinal chemistry to design enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands, and so forth. This review endeavours to highlight the main use of the 1,3-diazepine scaffold and its derivatives, and their applications in medicinal chemistry, drug design, and therapy. We will focus more particularly on the development of enzyme inhibitors incorporating this scaffold, with a strong emphasis on the molecular interactions involved in the inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Malki
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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4
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Wu D, Zhang X, Li Y, Ying S, Zhu L, Li Z, Yang G, Van der Eycken EV. Divergent Access to Imidazopyrazinones and Imidazodiazepinones by Regioswitchable Post-Ugi Heteroannulation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Sanjun Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Lixi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC); Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC); Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Heverlee Belgium
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); 117198 Moscow Russia
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5
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Galli M, Fletcher CJ, Del Pozo M, Goldup SM. Scalable anti-Markovnikov hydrobromination of aliphatic and aromatic olefins. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5622-6. [PMID: 27185636 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00692b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To improve access to a key synthetic intermediate we targeted a direct hydrobromination-Negishi route. Unsurprisingly, the anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to estragole in the presence of AIBN proved successful. However, even in the absence of an added initiator, anti-Markovnikov addition was observed. Re-examination of early reports revealed that selective Markovnikov addition, often simply termed "normal" addition, is not always observed with HBr unless air is excluded, leading to the rediscovery of a reproducible and scalable initiator-free protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Galli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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6
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Kumar A, Singh S, Sharma SK, Parmar VS, Van der Eycken EV. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization Processes: Pivotal Avenues for Organic Synthesis. CHEM REC 2015; 16:73-83. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Bioorganic Laboratory Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110 007 India
| | - Sukhdev Singh
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Sunil K. Sharma
- Bioorganic Laboratory Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110 007 India
| | - Virinder S. Parmar
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Bioorganic Laboratory Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110 007 India
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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7
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Inhibition of AMP deaminase as therapeutic target in cardiovascular pathology. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:682-8. [PMID: 26321268 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) catalyzes hydrolysis of the amino group from the adenine ring of AMP resulting in production of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and ammonia. This reaction helps to maintain healthy cellular energetics by removing excess AMP that accumulates in energy depleted cells. Furthermore, AMPD permits the synthesis of guanine nucleotides from the larger adenylate pool. This enzyme competes with cytosolic 5'-nucleotidases (c5NT) for AMP. Adenosine, a product of c5NT is a vasodilator, antagonizes inotropic effects of catecholamines and exerts anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. The ratio of AMPD/c5NT defines the amount of adenosine produced in adenine nucleotide catabolic pathway. Inhibition of AMPD could alter this ratio resulting in increased adenosine production. Besides the potential effect on adenosine production, elevation of AMP due to inhibition of AMPD could also lead to activation of AMP regulated protein kinase (AMPK) with myriad of downstream events including enhanced energetic metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and cytoprotection. While the benefits of these processes are well appreciated in cells such as skeletal or cardiac myocytes its role in protection of endothelium could be even more important. Therapeutic use of AMPD inhibition has been limited due to difficulties with obtaining compounds with adequate characteristics. However, endothelium seems to be the easiest target as effective inhibition of AMPD could be achieved at much lower concentration than in the other types of cells. New generation of AMPD inhibitors has recently been established and its testing in context of endothelial and organ protection could provide important basic knowledge and potential therapeutic tools.
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8
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Smolenski RT, Rybakowska I, Turyn J, Romaszko P, Zabielska M, Taegtmeyer A, Słomińska EM, Kaletha KK, Barton PJR. AMP deaminase 1 gene polymorphism and heart disease-a genetic association that highlights new treatment. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:183-9. [PMID: 24431031 PMCID: PMC3955129 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism and signalling is directly linked to myocardial function. Therefore analysis how diversity of genes coding nucleotide metabolism related proteins affects clinical progress of heart disease could provide valuable information for development of new treatments. Several studies identified that polymorphism of AMP deaminase 1 gene (AMPD1), in particular the common C34T variant of this gene was found to benefit patients with heart failure and ischemic heart disease. However, these findings were inconsistent in subsequent studies. This prompted our detailed analysis of heart transplant recipients that revealed diverse effect: improved early postoperative cardiac function associated with C34T mutation in donors, but worse 1-year survival. Our other studies on the metabolic impact of AMPD1 C34T mutation revealed decrease in AMPD activity, increased production of adenosine and de-inhibition of AMP regulated protein kinase. Thus, genetic, clinical and biochemical studies revealed that while long term attenuation of AMPD activity could be deleterious, transient inhibition of AMPD activity before acute cardiac injury is protective. We suggest therefore that pharmacological inhibition of AMP deaminase before transient ischemic event such as during ischemic heart disease or cardiac surgery could provide therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland,
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9
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of 4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,4]diazepin-6-ones via a post-Ugi copper-catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann coupling. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Lim JW, Kim KH, Kim SH, Kim JN. Controlled synthesis of 1-vinylnaphthalenes versus (E)-α-(1,3-enyn-4-yl)-α,β-unsaturated esters from Morita–Baylis–Hillman bromides: a sequential alkynylation and competitive 6π-electrocyclization versus conjugative transposition of a triple bond. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Kumar A, Li Z, Sharma SK, Parmar VS, Eycken EVVD. An Expedient Route to Imidazo[1,4]diazepin-7-ones via A Post-Ugi Gold-Catalyzed Heteroannulation. Org Lett 2013; 15:1874-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Sunil K. Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Virinder S. Parmar
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
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12
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Zaki ME, Paula Bettencourt A, Fernandes FM, Fernanda Proença M. Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of substituted imidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[3,2-f][1,3] diazepine scaffolds. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Probing the reactivity of nebularine N1-oxide. A novel approach to C-6 C-substituted purine nucleosides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Borkowski T, Slominska EM, Orlewska C, Chlopicki S, Siondalski P, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Protection of mouse heart against hypoxic damage by AMP deaminase inhibition. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 29:449-52. [PMID: 20544535 DOI: 10.1080/15257771003741364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical observation in patients with heart disease indicates that reduced activity of AMP deaminase could be protective in heart failure and ischemic heart disease. This study evaluated the effect of 3-[2-(3-carboxy-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo [4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol, an AMP deaminase inhibitor (AMPDI) in the mouse heart subjected to hypoxia. ApoE/LDLR knock-out mice were subjected to reduced oxygen tension in breathing air. AMPDI was infused before hypoxia in the treated group. We observed amelioration of elcetrocardiographic changes during hypoxia in the treated group that are consistent with a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Borkowski T, Slominska EM, Orlewska C, Yuen AHY, Al-Ayoubi S, Siondalski P, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Biological efficiency of AMP deaminase inhibitor: 3-[2-(3-carboxy-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5]-[1,3]diazepin-8-OL. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 29:457-60. [PMID: 20544537 DOI: 10.1080/15257771003741299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AMP deaminase could be a potential target for treatment of heart disease but experimental evaluation of this concept is difficult due to limited availability of inhibitors with proven efficiency in biological systems. This study evaluated the effect of 3-[2-(3-carboxy-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo [4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol, an AMP deaminase inhibitor (AMPDI) on the pathways of nucleotide metabolism in perfused rat heart. We show that AMPDI at 0.3 mM concentration effectively inhibits AMP deaminase in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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16
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Lindell SD, Maechling S, Sabina RL. Synthesis and Biochemical Testing of 3-(Carboxyphenylethyl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines as Inhibitors of AMP Deaminase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:286-9. [PMID: 24900209 DOI: 10.1021/ml100092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Ribosyl imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines and 3-[2-(3-carboxyphenyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ols represent two classes of known AMP deaminase inhibitors. A combination of the aglycone from the former class with the ribose phosphate mimic from the latter led to the 3-[2-(3-carboxyphenyl)ethyl]imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines, which represent a new class of AMP deaminase inhibitors. The best compound, 3-[2-(3-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine (8), was a good inhibitor of all three human AMPD recombinant isozymes (AMPD1, AMPD2, and AMPD3; IC50 = 0.9-5.7 μM) but a poor inhibitor of the plant recombinant enzyme (Arabidopsis FAC1; IC50 = 200 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Lindell
- Bayer CropScience AG, Werk Höchst, G836, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Maechling
- Bayer CropScience AG, Werk Höchst, G836, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Richard L. Sabina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan 48309
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17
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J'mour A, Rezgui F. Annelation of Baylis–Hillman Derivatives: Synthesis of Highly Functionalised Tetrahydronaphthalenes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3184/030823409x12532103537360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PTSA-promoted Robinson annelation of α-(3-oxobutyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one derivatives in refluxing toluene, affords efficiently in a one pot process a variety of hydroxytetrahydronaphthyl carbonyl compounds in good yields. Further highly regioselective electrophilic bromination of these intermediates gave the corresponding bromide derivatives in 92–97% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma J'mour
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Rezgui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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18
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Borkowski T, Orlewska C, Slominska EM, Yuen A, Lipinski M, Rybakowska I, Foks H, Kaletha KK, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Pharmacological inhibition of AMP-deaminase in rat cardiac myocytes. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:867-71. [PMID: 18600554 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802146536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Because mutation of AMP deaminase 1 gene leading to reduced AMP deaminase activity may result in protection of cardiac function in patients with heart disease, inhibitors of AMP deaminase (AMPD) may have therapeutic applications. This study evaluated the effect of a specific inhibitor of AMP deaminase 3-[2-(3-carboxy-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo [4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (AMPDI) on the isolated human enzyme and on nucleotide catabolism in rat cardiomyocytes. AMPDI effectively inhibited isolated human AMPD with an IC(50) = 0.5 micro M. AMPDI was much less effective with isolated cardiomyocytes (IC(50) = 0.5 mM). AMPDI is a very effective inhibitor of AMPD that despite lower efficiency in the cell system examined could be useful for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Kirkman JK, Lindell SD, Maechling S, Slawin AMZ, Moody CJ. Synthesis of 3-(carboxyarylalkyl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines as potential inhibitors of AMP deaminase. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4452-9. [PMID: 19005607 DOI: 10.1039/b810850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-Ribosyl 1,2,4-triazolo[1,2,4]triazines which are able to undergo covalent hydration are of interest as potential inhibitors of AMP deaminase. In a search for compounds with improved bioavailability we have synthesized compounds in which the sugar has been replaced by carboxyarylalkyl based ribose phosphate mimics. The target carboxyarylalkyl imidazotriazines 11 and 12 were synthesized using a linear seven step sequence starting from simple benzoate derivatives. Alternatively, the hydroxyethyl imidazotriazine 39 is available in five steps and this synthon was used to prepare the imidazotriazines 34 and 48 in a short convergent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Kirkman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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Kidwai M, Bansal V, Mothsra P. Molecular iodine: A highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 7-arylbenzopyrano[1,3]diazepines in non-protic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tolmachova NA, Gerus II, Vdovenko SI, Essers M, Fröhlich R, Haufe G. Thermal Diels–Alder Reactions of 3-(Benzoylamino)-6-(polyfluoroalkyl)pyran-2-ones – New Synthesis ofp-(Polyfluoroalkyl)anilines. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Paolocci N, Tavazzi B, Biondi R, Gluzband YA, Amorini AM, Tocchetti CG, Hejazi M, Caturegli PM, Kajstura J, Lazzarino G, Kass DA. Metalloproteinase inhibitor counters high-energy phosphate depletion and AMP deaminase activity enhancing ventricular diastolic compliance in subacute heart failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 317:506-13. [PMID: 16436497 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.099168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) stimulated by the sympathomimetic action of angiotensin II (AII) exacerbate chamber diastolic stiffening in models of subacute heart failure. Here we tested the hypothesis that MMP inhibition prevents such stiffening by favorably modulating high-energy phosphate (HEP) stores more than by effects on matrix remodeling. Dogs were administered AII i.v. for 1 week with tachypacing superimposed in the last two days (AII+P; n = 8). A second group (n = 9) underwent the same AII+P protocol but was preceded by oral treatment with an MMP inhibitor PD166793 [(S)-2-(4-bromo-biphenyl-4-sulfonylamino-3-methyl butyric acid] 1 week before and during the AII+P period. Pressure-volume analysis was performed in conscious animals, and myocardial tissue was subjected to in vitro and in situ zymography, collagen content, and HEP analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography). As reported previously, AII+P activated MMP9 and MMP2 and specifically exacerbated diastolic stiffening (+130% in chamber stiffness). PD166793 cotreatment prevented these changes, although myocardial collagen content, subtype, and cross-linking were unaltered. AII+P also reduced ATP, free energy of ATP hydrolysis (DeltaG(ATP)), and phosphocreatine while increasing free [ADP], AMP catabolites (nucleoside-total purines), and lactate. PD166793 reversed most of these changes, in part due to its inhibition of AMP deaminase. MMP activation may influence cardiac diastolic function by mechanisms beyond modulation of extracellular matrix. Interaction between MMP activation and HEP metabolism may play an important role in mediating diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, these data highlight a potential major role for increased AMP deaminase activity in diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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MacInnes A, Timmons JA. Metabolic adaptations to repeated periods of contraction with reduced blood flow in canine skeletal muscle. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 5:11. [PMID: 16018808 PMCID: PMC1187899 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients suffering from Intermittent Claudication (IC) experience repeated periods of muscle contraction with low blood flow, throughout the day and this may contribute to the hypothesised skeletal muscle abnormalities. However, no study has evaluated the consequences of intermittent contraction with low blood flow on skeletal muscle tissue. Our aim was to generate this basic physiological data, determining the 'normal' response of healthy skeletal muscle tissue. We specifically proposed that the metabolic responses to contraction would be modified under such circumstances, revealing endogenous strategies engaged to protect the muscle adenine nucleotide pool. Utilizing a canine gracilis model (n = 9), the muscle was stimulated to contract (5 Hz) for three 10 min periods (separated by 10 min rest) under low blood flow conditions (80% reduced), followed by 1 hr recovery and then a fourth period of 10 min stimulation. Muscle biopsies were obtained prior to and following the first and fourth contraction periods. Direct arterio-venous sampling allowed for the calculation of muscle metabolite efflux and oxygen consumption. Results During the first period of contraction, [ATP] was reduced by ~30%. During this period there was also a 10 fold increase in muscle lactate concentration and a substantial increase in muscle lactate and ammonia efflux. Subsequently, lactate efflux was similar during the first three periods, while ammonia efflux was reduced by the third period. Following 1 hr recovery, muscle lactate and phosphocreatine concentrations had returned to resting values, while muscle [ATP] remained 20% lower. During the fourth contraction period no ammonia efflux or change in muscle ATP content occured. Despite such contrasting metabolic responses, muscle tension and oxygen consumption were identical during all contraction periods from 3 to 10 min. Conclusion repeated periods of muscle contraction, with low blood flow, results in cessation of muscle ammonia production which is suggestive of a dramatic reduction in flux through AMP deaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan MacInnes
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Pfizer Global R&D, St. Louis, MO63017, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James A Timmons
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Pfizer Global R&D, St. Louis, MO63017, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Safarian S, Hakimelahi GH, Ataei G, Ajloo D, Panjehpour S, Riahi S, Mousavi MF, Mardanyan S, Soltani N, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Sharghi H, Moghadamnia H, Saboury AA. QSAR analysis for ADA upon interaction with a series of adenine derivatives as inhibitors. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:613-24. [PMID: 15113027 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic parameters of adenosine deaminase such as Km and Ki were determined in the absence and presence of adenine derivatives (R1-R24) in sodium phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 7.5) solution at 27 degrees C. These kinetic parameters were used for QSAR analysis. As such, we found some theoretical descriptors to which the binding affinity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) towards several adenine nucleosides as inhibitors is correlated. QSAR analysis has revealed that binding affinity of the adenine nucleosides upon interaction with ADA depends on the molecular volume, dipole moment of the molecule, electric charge around the N1 atom, and the highest of positive charge for the related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou HB, Alper H. Synthesis of seven-membered ring diazepin-2-ones via palladium-catalyzed highly regioselective cyclization of 2-vinylpyrrolidines with aryl isocyanates. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3439-45. [PMID: 12713344 DOI: 10.1021/jo020526x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first palladium-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction of 2-vinylpyrrolidines with aryl isocyanates to form seven-membered ring heterocycles is described. This regioselective reaction requires 5 mol % of Pd(2)(dba)(3).CHCl(3) and 10 mol % of dppp at 40-60 degrees C in THF and results in the formation of 1,3-diazepin-2-ones in good isolated yields. When Pd(OAc)(2) and PPh(3) were utilized in the reaction, an intramolecular hydrogen migration occurs resulting in the formation of conjugated diene derivatives of urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bing Zhou
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Bremner JB. Chapter 7 Seven-membered rings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Vicarious nucleophilic substitution of 1-benzyl-5-nitroimidazole, application to the synthesis of 6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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