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Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:146-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Chirality is a key factor in the safety and efficacy of many drug products and thus the production of single enantiomers of drug intermediates and drugs has become important and state of the art in the pharmaceutical industry. There has been an increasing awareness of the enormous potential of microorganisms and enzymes (biocatalysts) for the transformation of synthetic chemicals with high chemo-, regio- and enatioselectivities providing products in high yields and purity. In this article, biocatalytic processes are described for the synthesis of key chiral intermediates for development pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh N Patel
- SLRP Associates, LLC, Consultation in Biocatalysis and Biotechnology, 572 Cabot Hill Road, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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3
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Kaya B, Yurttaş L, Sağlik BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancikli ZA. Novel 1-(2-pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazine derivatives as selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:193-202. [PMID: 28097890 PMCID: PMC6009961 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new series of 2-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 4-substituted piperazine-1-carbodithioate derivatives (2a-n) were synthesized and screened for their monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activity. The structures of compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and some physicochemical properties of new compounds were predicted using Molinspiration and MolSoft programs. Compounds 2-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine-1-carbodithioate (2j) and 2-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 4-benzhydrylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate (2m) exhibited selective MAO-A inhibitory activity with IC50 = 23.10, 24.14 µM, respectively. Some of the biological results were found in accordance with the obtained in silico data based on Lipinski’s fule of five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Kaya
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,b Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,b Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,b Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Zafer Asim Kaplancikli
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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Nenajdenko V. Fluorine-Containing Diazines in Medicinal Chemistry and Agrochemistry. FLUORINE IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 2 2014. [PMCID: PMC7121506 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04435-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a fluorine atom and a diazine ring, which both possess unique structural and chemical features, can generate new relevant building blocks for the discovery of efficient fluorinated biologically active agents. Herein we give a comprehensive review on the biological activity and synthesis of fluorine containing, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine derivatives with relevance to medicinal and agrochemistry.
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Patel RN. Biocatalytic synthesis of chiral alcohols and amino acids for development of pharmaceuticals. Biomolecules 2013; 3:741-77. [PMID: 24970190 PMCID: PMC4030968 DOI: 10.3390/biom3040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality is a key factor in the safety and efficacy of many drug products and thus the production of single enantiomers of drug intermediates and drugs has become increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry. There has been an increasing awareness of the enormous potential of microorganisms and enzymes derived there from for the transformation of synthetic chemicals with high chemo-, regio- and enatioselectivities. In this article, biocatalytic processes are described for the synthesis of chiral alcohols and unntural aminoacids for pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh N Patel
- SLRP Associates Consultation in Biotechnology, 572 Cabot Hill Road, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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Bhide N, Lindenbach D, Surrena MA, Goldenberg AA, Bishop C, Berger SP, Paquette MA. The effects of BMY-14802 against L-DOPA- and dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesia in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:533-44. [PMID: 23389756 PMCID: PMC3657017 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE L-DOPA continues to be the primary treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease; however, the benefits of long-term treatment are often accompanied by debilitating side effects known as dyskinesias. In recent years, several 5-HT1A receptor agonists have been found to reduce dyskinesia in clinical and experimental models of PD. The purported sigma-1 antagonist, BMY-14802 has been previously demonstrated to reduce L-DOPA induced dyskinesia in a 5-HT1A receptor dependent manner. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we extend these findings by examining the anti-dyskinetic potential of BMY-14802 against L-DOPA, the D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 and the D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, in the hemi-parkinsonian rat model. In addition, the receptor specificity of BMY-14802's effects was evaluated using WAY-100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. RESULTS Results confirmed the dose-dependent (20 > 10 > 5 mg/kg) anti-dyskinetic effects of BMY-14802 against L-DOPA with preservation of anti-parkinsonian efficacy at 10 mg/kg. BMY-14802 at 10 and 20 mg/kg also reduced dyskinesia induced by both D1 and D2 receptor agonists. Additionally, BMY-14802's anti-dyskinetic effects against L-DOPA, but not SKF81297 or quinpirole, were reversed by WAY-100635 (0.5 mg/kg). CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BMY-14802 provides anti-dyskinetic relief against L-DOPA and direct DA agonist in a preclinical model of PD, acting via multiple receptor systems and supports the utility of such compounds for the improved treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Bhide
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Margaret A. Surrena
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Adam A. Goldenberg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - S. Paul Berger
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
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Huot P, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. The serotonergic system in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:163-212. [PMID: 21878363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributed to a decline in dopamine levels in the striatum, a breadth of non-motor features and treatment-related complications in which the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role are increasingly recognised. Serotonin (5-HT)-mediated neurotransmission is altered in PD and the roles of the different 5-HT receptor subtypes in disease manifestations have been investigated. The aims of this article are to summarise and discuss all published preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the serotonergic system in PD and related animal models, in order to recapitulate the state of the current knowledge and to identify areas that need further research and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, MCL 11-419, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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Patel RN. Biocatalysis: Synthesis of Key Intermediates for Development of Pharmaceuticals. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh N. Patel
- Biotechnology Department, Unimark Remedies, Ltd., Mumbai, India
- SLRP Associates, LLC, 572 Cabot Hill Road, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
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Paquette MA, Foley K, Brudney EG, Meshul CK, Johnson SW, Berger SP. The sigma-1 antagonist BMY-14802 inhibits L-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements by a WAY-100635-sensitive mechanism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 204:743-54. [PMID: 19283364 PMCID: PMC2845289 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Levodopa (L-DOPA), the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), eventually causes L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in up to 80% of patients. In the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD, L-DOPA induces a similar phenomenon, which has been termed abnormal involuntary movement (AIM). We previously demonstrated that BMY-14802 suppresses AIM expression in this model. OBJECTIVES Although BMY-14802 is widely used as a sigma-1 antagonist, it is also an agonist at serotonin (5-HT) 1A and adrenergic alpha-1 receptors. The current study was conducted to determine which of these mechanisms underlies BMY-14802's AIM-suppressing effect. This characterization included testing the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone and multiple sigma agents. When these studies implicated a 5-HT1A mechanism, we subsequently undertook a pharmacological reversal study, evaluating whether the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 counteracted BMY-14802's AIM-suppressing effects. RESULTS Buspirone dose-dependently suppressed AIM, supporting past findings. However, no AIM-suppressing effects were produced by drugs with effects at sigma receptors, including BD-1047, finasteride, SM-21, DTG, trans-dehydroandrosterone (DHEA), carbetapentane, and opipramol. Finally, we show for the first time that the AIM-suppressing effect of BMY-14802 was dose-dependently prevented by WAY-100635 but not by the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin. CONCLUSIONS BMY-14802 exerts its AIM-suppressing effects via a 5-HT1A agonist mechanism, similar to buspirone. Other 5-HT1A agonists have failed clinical trials, possibly due to submicromolar affinity at other receptors, including D2, which may exacerbate PD symptoms. BMY-14802 is a promising candidate for clinical trials due to its extremely low affinity for the D2 receptor and lack of extrapyramidal effects during prior clinical trials for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Paquette
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Pharmaceutical Intermediates. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420077070.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ablordeppey SY, Altundas R, Bricker B, Zhu XY, Kumar EVKS, Jackson T, Khan A, Roth BL. Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7291-301. [PMID: 18595716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and exploration of novel butyrophenones have led to the identification of a diazepane analogue of haloperidol, 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one (compound 13) with an interesting multireceptor binding profile. Compound 13 was evaluated for its binding affinities at DA subtype receptors, 5HT subtype receptors, H-1, M-1 receptors and at NET, DAT, and SERT transporters. At each of these receptors, compound 13 was equipotent or better than several of the standards currently in use. In in vivo mouse and rat models to evaluate its efficacy and propensity to elicit catalepsy and hence EPS in humans, compound 13 showed similar efficacy as clozapine and did not produce catalepsy at five times its ED(50) value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Y Ablordeppey
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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13
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Schmidt A, Marchetti M, Eilbracht P. Regioselective hydroaminomethylation of 1,1-diaryl-allyl-alcohols: a new access to 4,4-diarylbutylamines. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Mattson RJ, Catt JD, Sloan CP, Gao Q, Carter RB, Gentile A, Mahle CD, Matos FF, McGovern R, VanderMaelen CP, Yocca FD. Development of a presynaptic 5-HT1A antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:285-8. [PMID: 12482441 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new 5-HT(1A) silent antagonist 14 (5-HT(1A) IC(50)=2.2 nM) antagonizes the effects of agonists on reciprocal forepaw treading behavior, on neuronal firing in the rat dorsal raphé, and on 5-HT(1A) release in the raphé and hippocampus. While 14 alone was inactive in the social interaction paradigm, it completely reversed the social interaction activity of the serotonergic compounds (buspirone, 1, and 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Mattson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
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Noyori R, Ohkuma T. Asymmetrische Katalyse mit hinsichtlich Struktur und Funktion gezielt entworfenen Molekülen: die chemo- und stereoselektive Hydrierung von Ketonen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010105)113:1<40::aid-ange40>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Noyori R, Ohkuma T. Asymmetric Catalysis by Architectural and Functional Molecular Engineering: Practical Chemo- and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010105)40:1%3c40::aid-anie40%3e3.0.co%3b2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Noyori R, Ohkuma T. Asymmetric Catalysis by Architectural and Functional Molecular Engineering: Practical Chemo- and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010105)40:1<40::aid-anie40>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1570] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ohkuma T, Ishii D, Takeno H, Noyori R. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Amino Ketones Using Chiral RuCl2(diphophine)(1,2-diamine) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ohkuma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Dai Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeno
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryoji Noyori
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Broggini G, Zecchi G. SYNTHESIS OFN-(5-AMINO-2-PYRIMIDn)-N′-[4-(p-FLUOROPHENYL)-4-OXOBUTYL]PIPERAZINE, A USEFUL INTERMEDIATE TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949909355731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Nakazato A, Ohta K, Sekiguchi Y, Okuyama S, Chaki S, Kawashima Y, Hatayama K. Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological characterization of novel arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine sigma ligands as potential antipsychotic drugs. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1076-87. [PMID: 10090790 DOI: 10.1021/jm980212v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
sigma Receptor antagonists may be effective antipsychotic drugs that do not induce motor side effects caused by ingestion of classical drugs such as haloperidol. We obtained evidence that 1-(2-dipropylaminoethyl)-4-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran hydrochloride 2a had selective affinity for sigma receptor over dopamine D2 receptor. This compound was designed to eliminate two bonds of apomorphine 1 to produce structural flexibility for the nitrogen atom and to bridge two benzene rings with a -CH2O- bond to maintain the planar structure. In light of the evidence, N, N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-benzyloxylphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride 10b was designed. Since compound 10b had eliminated a biphenyl bond of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran derivative 2a, it might be more released from the rigid structure of apomorphine 1 than compound 2a. The chemical modification of compound 10b led to the discovery that N, N-dipropyl-2- [4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxyl)phenyl]ethylamine hydrochloride 10g (NE- 100), the best compound among arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine derivatives 3, had a high and selective affinity for sigma receptor and had a potent activity in an animal model when the drug was given orally. We report here the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological characterization of novel arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine derivatives 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakazato
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Ohmiya, Saitama 330-8530, Japan.
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Sanner MA, Chappie TA, Dunaiskis AR, Fliri AF, Desai KA, Zorn SH, Jackson ER, Johnson CG, Morrone JM, Seymour PA, Majchrzak MJ, Faraci WS, Collins JL, Duignan DB, Prete Di CC, Lee JS, Trozzi A. Synthesis, SAR and pharmacology of CP-293,019: a potent, selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:725-30. [PMID: 9871530 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel, potent and selective pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine dopamine D4 receptor antagonists are reported including CP-293,019 (D4 Ki = 3.4 nM, D2 Ki > 3,310 nM), which also inhibits apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sanner
- Pfizer Central Research, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Oshiro Y, Sato S, Kurahashi N, Tanaka T, Kikuchi T, Tottori K, Uwahodo Y, Nishi T. Novel antipsychotic agents with dopamine autoreceptor agonist properties: synthesis and pharmacology of 7-[4-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives. J Med Chem 1998; 41:658-67. [PMID: 9513593 DOI: 10.1021/jm940608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop a novel antipsychotic agent which is an agonist of dopamine (DA) autoreceptors and an antagonist of postsynaptic DA receptors, a series of 7-[4-[4-(substituted phenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinones was synthesized and their dual activities were examined. The postsynaptic DA receptor antagonistic activities of the compounds were evaluated by their ability to inhibit stereotypy induced by apomorphine in mice, and the autoreceptor agonist activities were determined by their effects on the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)-induced increase in L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) synthesis in the mouse brain. Many compounds inhibited the stereotypic behavior, and several compounds reversed the GBL-induced increase in the DOPA synthesis. Among them, 7-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone (28, aripiprazole, OPC-14597) was found to have these two activities. This compound reversed the GBL-induced DOPA synthesis (ED50 values of 5.1 mumol/kg p.o.) and inhibited the APO induced stereotypy (ED50 values of 0.6 mumol/kg p.o.). Compound 28 induced catalepsy at 10 times higher dose than that required for the antagonism of APO-induced stereotypy (ED50 value of 7.8 mumol/kg p.o.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshiro
- Third Institute of New Drug Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
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Gil N, Bosch M, Guerrero A. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (R)-(+)-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinebutanol and (R)-(+)-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinebutanol as potential antipsychotic agents. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Akunne HC, Whetzel SZ, Wiley JN, Corbin AE, Ninteman FW, Tecle H, Pei Y, Pugsley TA, Heffner TG. The pharmacology of the novel and selective sigma ligand, PD 144418. Neuropharmacology 1997; 36:51-62. [PMID: 9144641 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(96)00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacology of PD 144418 (1-propyl-5-(3-p-tolyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) was characterized using neurochemical, biochemical and behavioral techniques. For sigma (sigma 1 and sigma 2 respectively) sites, PD 144418 affinities were determined using whole guinea pig brain membranes with [3H](+)-pentazocine and neuroblastoma x glioma cell membranes using [3H]1,3,di-O-tolylguanidine (DTG) in the presence of 200 nM (+)-pentazocine. PD 144418 exhibited an affinity for sigma 1 of 0.08 nM (Ki) versus a K1 of 1377 nM for sigma 2 site. Additional receptor binding studies indicated that PD 144418 lacked affinity for dopaminergic, adrenergic, muscarinic and a variety of other receptors. In vitro studies indicated that PD 144418 reversed the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) in rat cerebellar slices without affecting the basal levels, suggesting that sigma 1 sites may be important in the regulation of glutamine-induced actions. PD 144418 potentiated the decrease in 5-hydroxytryptophan caused by haloperidol in the mesolimbic region, but by itself had no effect in 5-hydroxytrypamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) synthesis. Behaviorally, similar to other sigma ligands, PD 144418 antagonized mescaline-induced scratching at doses that did not alter spontaneous motor activity. This action is suggestive of potential antipsychotic property. It exhibited no anxiolytic and antidepressant properties in the models used. These results show that PD 144418 is a very selective sigma 1 agent, devoid of any significant affinity for other receptors and that sigma 1 site may modulate actions in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Akunne
- Psychiatric Disorders Therapeutics, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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