Bisamidines of 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone as antiamebic agents

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 7-oxo-7H-dibenz[f,ij]isoquinoline and 7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidine derivatives

A series of 7-oxo-7H-dibenz[f,ij]isoquinoline and 7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidines bearing cationic side chains were prepared from aminoanthraquinones. The perimidines were prepared from 1-aminoanthraquinone by initial condensation with urea or dimethylacetamide. A series of 2-, 4-, 8-, and 11-carboxy derivatives of the dibenzisoquinolines were prepared from aminoanthraquinonecarboxylic acids. The cationic derivatives were prepared from these via amide, amine, or methylene linkers to study the effects of side chain positioning on biological activity. Within the series of carboxamide-linked compounds, the order of increasing cytotoxicity was 8- < 4- < 2- < 11-. The 2- and 4-carboxamides showed substantial growth delays against in vivo subcutaneous colon 38 tumors in mice, but the 11-carboxamide had curative activity in this refractory model and is being investigated further.

The effect of diaminoalkyl-anthraquinone derivatives on the growth of the promastigotes of Leishmania tropica minor, L. t. major, L. donovani and L. aethiopica

By combining knowledge of polyamine biosynthesis and its inhibition by various analogues with that on the activity of synthetic anthraquinones, a series of six anthraquinone derivatives were synthesized. Their ability to inhibit the growth of leishmanial promastigotes in vitro was used as a preliminary screen to check their potential as new antileishmanial chemotherapeutics. They were tested against four strains, representing four different species; Leishmania tropica major, L. tropica minor, L. aethiopica and L. donovani, associated with four separate disease syndromes. All six derivatives exhibited a fair degree of antileishmanial activity, some being more effective than others. They all inactivated cultures at 100 micrograms/ml and some did so at 10 micrograms/ml and even 1 microgram/ml; but taking different lengths of time to achieve this. Antileishmanial activity associated with anthraquinone derivatives might provide a new approach to the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile of amidines of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxide

Several formamidine and acetamidine derivatives prepared from 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxide displayed an aspirin-like anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile. The test systems include adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, carrageenan-induced edema in rats, UV-induced erythema in guinea pigs, the analgesic gait test, the antipyretic test, and GI ulcer studies.

The effect of bisamidines of 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone on Entamoeba histolytica infections in rats and hamsters

Bisamidines of 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone have demonstrated potent activity against cecal and hepatic Entamoeba histolytica infections in rats and hamsters, respectively. A number of these compounds compared favorably, in overall drug efficacy, with metronidazole and other standard agents.