4-substituted piperidines. V. Local anesthetic 4-aminoalkoxy-4-arylpiperidines

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indol-1-ones as inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) are reported. A novel series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indol-1-ones were designed using a combination of protein structure-based drug design, molecular modeling, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). These novel submicromolar inhibitors possess a tricyclic ring system conformationally restricting the benzamide in the preferred cis orientation. The compounds were designed to optimize space-filling and atomic interactions within the NAD+ binding site of PARP-1. Previously described and newly adapted methods were applied to syntheses of these tricyclic inhibitors. Various modifications were made to the diazepinoindolones at the 6- and 7-positions in order to study this region of the active site and optimize noncovalent interactions. The electron density of derivative 28 bound to chicken PARP-1 revealed that the oxime makes a tight hydrogen bond with the catalytic gamma-carboxylate of glutamic acid (Glu) 988 in accordance with our original designs and models. Most of the compounds have been evaluated for inhibition of human PARP-1. Selected inhibitors were also tested for the ability to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of the DNA-damaging agent Topotecan.

Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological profile of 9-amino-4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6, 7,1-hi]indoles: discovery of potent, selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors

The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological properties of a novel series of potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are described. These new aminodiazepinoindoles displayed in vitro PDE4 activity with submicromolar IC(50) values and PDE4 selectivity vs PDE1, -3, and -5. Specifically, one compound (CI-1044, 10e) provided efficient in vitro inhibition of TNFalpha release from hPBMC and hWB with IC(50) values of 0.34 and 0.84 microM, respectively. This compound was found to exhibit potent in vivo activity in antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment in Brown-Norway rats (ED(50) = 3.2 mg/kg po) and in production of TNFalpha in Wistar rats (ED(50) = 2.8 mg/kg po). No emetic side effects at therapeutic doses were observed in ferrets.