1
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Sheng H, Chen Z, Li X, Su J, Song Q. Construction and transformations of 2,2-difluoro-2,3-dihydrofurans from enaminones and diflurocarbene. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient construction of 2-difluoro-2,3-dihydrofurans was reported, which features metal-free, additive-free, broad functional group tolerance and readily accessible starting materials. It is worth mentioning that this type of...
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2
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Fu X, Zhang T, Wu J, Sun Y, Wu F. Nickel‐Catalyzed Aminofluoroalkylation of Alkenes: Access to Difluoroalkylated
N
‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Fu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yijie Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Fanhong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
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3
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Yi N, Ouyang M, Liu H, Yan M, Wen X, Xiong Y, Yi B. Thiocyanation of α-amino carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of aromatic thiocyanates. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820923553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for K2S2O8-mediated thiocyanation of α-amino carbonyl compounds has been developed for the synthesis of aromatic thiocyanates. A series of α-amino carbonyl compounds have been investigated, and the desired products are obtained in 74%–93% yields. This strategy has the advantages of simple reaction conditions without use of a transition-metal catalyst, high regioselectivity, and high efficiency. Moreover, we found that arylamine thiocyanates can also be obtained from α-amino carbonyl compounds and potassium thiocyanate in the presence of CoCl2·6H2O, I2, and dimethyl sulfoxide through the cleavage of the C–N bond. To explore the reaction mechanism, we designed several control experiments and proposed a possible mechanism using the experimental results and related literature reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, P.R. China
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4
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Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic C-H alkylation of 1,4-dienes and glycine Schiff bases. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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Wang Y, Zou J, Wang H, Peng X, Lu Y, Feng Y, Chen C, Shi T, Wang Z. A Facile Approach to α‐Keto Esters via Oxidative Esterification of α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐qiang Wang
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jiao‐xia Zou
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hui‐hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ying‐mei Lu
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yi‐yue Feng
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of PharmacyLanzhou University West Donggang Road. No. 199 Lanzhou 730000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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6
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Liu H, Hu Y, Wang Z, Tao H, Wang C. Synergistic Cu/Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allenylic Alkylation of Azomethine Ylides for the Construction of α‐Allene‐Substituted Nonproteinogenic α‐Amino Acids. Chemistry 2019; 25:8681-8685. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Chao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Zheng Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zuo‐Fei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Yan Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Jiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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7
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Peng X, Wang HH, Cao F, Zhang HH, Lu YM, Hu XL, Tan W, Wang Z. TBHP promoted demethylation of α-amino carbonyl compounds: a concise approach to substituted γ-lactams. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) promoted CH2-extrusion reaction of α-amino carbonyl compounds has been developed, which is driven by a demethylenation process to give various ring contraction products γ-lactams under radical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Peng
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hui-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | | | - Ying-Mei Lu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xiao-Ling Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
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8
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Gao Y, Peng SQ, Liu DY, Rui PX, Hu XG. Copper-Catalyzed Four-Component Reaction for the Synthesis ofN-Difluoroethyl Imides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang, Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Shan-Qing Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang, Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - De-Yong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang, Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Pei-Xin Rui
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang, Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang, Jiangxi P.R. China
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9
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Wang L, Rahman A, Lin X. Enantioselective synthesis of cyclic quaternary α-amino acid derivatives by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6033-6041. [PMID: 28681891 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of N-sulfonyl cyclic ketimines with indoles catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids has been developed. This methodology provides an efficient and facile route to indole-containing chiral cyclic α-amino acid derivatives bearing a quaternary stereocenter in high yields and up to 98% enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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10
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Wei L, Xu SM, Zhu Q, Che C, Wang CJ. Synergistic Cu/Pd Catalysis for Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Aldimine Esters: Access to α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12312-12316. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shi-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qiao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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11
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Wei L, Xu SM, Zhu Q, Che C, Wang CJ. Synergistic Cu/Pd Catalysis for Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Aldimine Esters: Access to α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shi-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qiao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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12
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Liu XX, Wu ZY, He YQ, Zhou XQ, Hu T, Ma CW, Huang GS. Copper-Catalyzed C−N Bond Formation via
Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Amines with α-Aminocarbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qin He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu W, Liu S, Xie H, Qing Z, Zeng J, Cheng P. TBHP mediated oxidation of N-2-alkynylphenyl α-amino carbonyl compounds to oxalic amides using visible light photoredox catalysis and their application in the synthesis of 2-aryl indoles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light promoted the oxidation of compounds 1 to amides 2 which were easily transferred to compounds 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Hunan Province for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Hunan Province for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Hongqi Xie
- Co-Innovation Center of Hunan Province for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Pre-State Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Co-Innovation Center of Hunan Province for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Co-Innovation Center of Hunan Province for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Pre-State Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop
| | - Pi Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center of Hunan Province for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Pre-State Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop
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14
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Wei WT, Li HB, Song RJ, Li JH. Copper-catalyzed oxidative oxyalkylation of enol ethers with α-amino carbonyl compounds and hydroperoxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11325-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first example of alkene oxyalkylation through C(sp3)–H functionalization is described for the synthesis of 2-amino-3,4-dioxy carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Hai-Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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15
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Sharma GVM, Ravindranath H, Bhaskar A, Jeelani Basha S, Gurava Reddy PRG, Sirisha K, Sarma AVS, Hofmann HJ. Design and Study of Peptides Containing 1:1 Left- and Right-Handed Helical Patterns from Aminopyrancarboxylic Acids. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Synthesis and structure of diethyl (1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-1-carboranyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phosphonate. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Wei WT, Song RJ, Li JH. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative α-Alkylation of α-Amino Carbonyl Compounds with EthersviaDual C(sp3)-H Oxidative Cross- Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Trost BM, Czabaniuk LC. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Benzylation of Azlactones. Chemistry 2013; 19:15210-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Zhou PX, Zhou ZZ, Chen ZS, Ye YY, Zhao LB, Yang YF, Xia XF, Luo JY, Liang YM. Palladium-catalyzed insertion of α-diazocarbonyl compounds for the synthesis of cyclic amino esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Gopula B, Lee WZ, Wu HL. Preparation of Chiral α-Substituted Alaninates through an Efficient Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:80-3. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Wang ZQ, Hu M, Huang XC, Gong LB, Xie YX, Li JH. Direct α-arylation of α-amino carbonyl compounds with indoles using visible light photoredox catalysis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8705-11. [PMID: 22985461 DOI: 10.1021/jo301691h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A general and mild method for the construction of functionalized 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-amino-carbonyl compounds was achieved, which represents the first example of direct α-arylation of α-amino carbonyl compounds with indoles using the visible light photoredox catalysis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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22
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Wu JC, Song RJ, Wang ZQ, Huang XC, Xie YX, Li JH. Copper-Catalyzed CH Oxidation/Cross-Coupling of α-Amino Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3453-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Wu JC, Song RJ, Wang ZQ, Huang XC, Xie YX, Li JH. Copper-Catalyzed CH Oxidation/Cross-Coupling of α-Amino Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Núñez-Villanueva D, Bonache MÁ, Infantes L, García-López MT, Martín-Martínez M, González-Muñiz R. Quaternary α,α-2-Oxoazepane α-Amino Acids: Synthesis from Ornithine-Derived β-Lactams and Incorporation into Model Dipeptides. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6592-603. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200894d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Ángeles Bonache
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Sharma GVM, Sai Reddy P, Chatterjee D, Kunwar AC. Synthesis and Structural Studies of Homooligomers of Geminally Disubstituted β2,2-Amino Acids with Carbohydrate Side Chain. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1562-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101763t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangavaram V. M. Sharma
- Organic Chemistry Division III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Post Sai Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Deepak Chatterjee
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Ajit C. Kunwar
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad 500 607, India
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26
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Lu TJ, Lin CK. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Methyl-α-Amino Acids via Diastereoselective Alkylation of (1S)-(+)-3-Carene Derived Tricyclic Iminolactone. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1621-33. [PMID: 21306163 DOI: 10.1021/jo1022537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Jung Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Kun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
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27
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Turkman N, Gelovani JG, Alauddin MM. Radiosynthesis of N5-[18F]fluoroacetylornithine (N5-[18F]FAO) for PET imaging of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in malignant tumors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Ishihara A, Nakao T, Mashimo Y, Murai M, Ichimaru N, Tanaka C, Nakajima H, Wakasa K, Miyagawa H. Probing the role of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in defense responses against Bipolaris oryzae infection in rice leaves by a suicide substrate of tryptophan decarboxylase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:7-13. [PMID: 21112065 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites, including serotonin and its hydroxycinnamic acid amides, markedly accumulate in rice leaves in response to pathogen attack. These compounds have been implicated in the physical defense system against pathogen invasion by being deposited in cell walls. Serotonin is biosynthesized from tryptophan via tryptamine, and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) catalyzes the first committed reaction. In this study, (S)-α-(fluoromethyl)tryptophan (S-αFMT) was utilized to investigate the effects of the inhibition of TDC on the defense responses of rice leaves. S-αFMT, enantiospecifically synthesized from L-tryptophan, effectively inhibited TDC activity extracted from rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae. The inhibition rate increased dependently on the incubation time, indicating that S-αFMT served as a suicide substrate. Treatment of rice seedlings with S-αFMT suppressed accumulation of serotonin, tryptamine, and hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin in a dose-dependent manner in B. oryzae-inoculated leaves. The lesions formed on seedlings treated with S-αFMT lacked deposition of brown materials, and those leaves were severely damaged in comparison with leaves without S-αFMT treatment. Administrating tryptamine to S-αFMT-treated leaves restored accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites as well as deposition of brown material. In addition, tryptamine administration reduced damage caused by fungal infection. Accordingly, the accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites was suggested to be part of the effective defense mechanism of rice.
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29
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Difluoromethylation of some C–H acids with chlorodifluoromethane under conditions of phase transfer catalysis (PTC). J Fluor Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Alonso F, Davies SG, Elend AS, Smith AD. Kinetic and thermodynamic control in the stereoselective formation of trans- and cis-2-ferrocenyl-3-pivaloyl-4-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:518-26. [DOI: 10.1039/b814450h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Lupi V, Penso M, Foschi F, Gassa F, Mihali V, Tagliabue A. Highly stereoselective intramolecular α-arylation of self-stabilized non-racemic enolates: synthesis of α-quaternary α-amino acid derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5012-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b910326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Wilt JC, Pink M, Johnston JN. A diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of alpha-substituted anti-alpha,beta-diaminophosphonic acid derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4177-9. [PMID: 18802521 DOI: 10.1039/b808393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly diastereo- and enantioselective additions of alpha-nitrophosphonates to imines catalyzed by a chiral Brønsted acid are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Wilt
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1822, USA
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33
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Singh A, Johnston JN. A diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of alpha-substituted syn-alpha,beta-diamino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5866-7. [PMID: 18410096 DOI: 10.1021/ja8011808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly diastereo- and enantioselective additions of substituted alpha-nitroesters to imines have been developed. High diastereoselection relies on the finding that the combination of chiral proton catalyst 2b and alpha-nitro aryl esters bearing 2,6-disubstitution combine to raise substrate-controlled diastereoselection to >20:1 in favor of the syn diastereomer. Furthermore, the chiral catalyst provides enantioselection to the 99% level through control of the addition step in which the azomethine pi-faces are differentiated. The bifunctional chiral protic acid catalyst enables these reactions to proceed without separate preactivation of either substrate, leading to a straightforward synthetic protocol for the formation of alpha,beta-diamino phenyl alanine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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34
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35
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Timofeev SV, Bregadze VI, Osipov SN, Titanyuk ID, Petrovskii PV, Starikova ZA, Glukhov IV, Beletskaya IP. New carborane-containing amino acids and their derivatives. Crystal structures of n-protected carboranylalaninates. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Davies SG, Garner AC, Ouzman JVA, Roberts PM, Smith AD, Snow EJ, Thomson JE, Tamayo JA, Vickers RJ. Diastereoselective synthesis of quaternary α-amino acids from diketopiperazine templates. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2138-47. [PMID: 17581658 DOI: 10.1039/b704475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential enolate alkylations of (S)-N(1)-methyl-5-methoxy-6-isopropyl-3,6-dihydropyrazin-2-one and (S)-N(1)-p-methoxybenzyl-5-methoxy-6-isopropyl-3,6-dihydropyrazin-2-one proceed with excellent levels of diastereoselectivity (>90% de) affording quaternary alpha-amino acids in high enantiomeric excess (>98% ee) after deprotection and hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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37
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Vogt H, Bräse S. Recent approaches towards the asymmetric synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:406-30. [PMID: 17252120 DOI: 10.1039/b611091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The class of alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acids has gained considerable attention in the past decades and continues doing so. The ongoing interest in biological and chemical properties of the substance class has inspired the development of many new methodologies for their asymmetric construction, which have not found their way into the general focus of organic chemistry yet. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the developments in the field since 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Vogt
- Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Building 201, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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38
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Kim SG, Park TH. Organocatalyzed asymmetric α-hydroxyamination of α-branched aldehydes: asymmetric synthesis of optically active N-protected α,α-disubstituted amino aldehydes and amino alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Huang Y, Zhang YB, Chen ZC, Xu PF. A concise synthesis of (R)- and (S)-α-alkyl isoserines from d- and l-malic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Efficient enantioselective synthesis of orthogonally protected (R)-α-alkylserines compatible with the solid phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Ting A, Lou S, Schaus SE. Highly Diastereoselective Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of 1,3-Dicarbonyls with Acyl Imines. Org Lett 2006; 8:2003-6. [PMID: 16671767 DOI: 10.1021/ol060304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The cinchona alkaloids catalyze direct asymmetric Mannich reactions of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with acyl imines to afford alpha-quaternary carbon-bearing reaction products in yields of up to 98%, a diastereomeric excess of 90% or greater, and enantioselectivities up to 99% ee. A model is proposed that accounts for both the observed diastereoselectivities and the enantioselectivities for the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development at Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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42
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Nishikawa M, Kumakura Y, Young SN, Fiset P, Vogelzangs N, Leyton M, Benkelfat C, Diksic M. Increasing blood oxygen increases an index of 5-HT synthesis in human brain as measured using alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan and positron emission tomography. Neurochem Int 2005; 47:556-64. [PMID: 16157418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, as measured by trapping of alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha-MTrp) using positron emission tomography (PET), can be modulated by changes in blood oxygen. The study involved six healthy participants (three male and three female), who breathed a 15% or 60% oxygen mixture starting 15 min before the injection of tracer and continuing during the entire acquisition period. Participants were injected with up to 12m Ci of alpha-MTrp. Two sets of PET images were acquired while the participants were breathing each of the oxygen mixtures and, after reconstruction, all images were converted into brain functional images illustrating the brain trapping constant K(*) (microL/g/min). The K(*) values were obtained for 12 regions of interest outlined on the magnetic resonance images. The K(*) values obtained at high and low blood oxygen content were compared by paired statistics using Tukey's post hoc correction. As there were no difference in plasma tryptophan concentrations, these K(*) values are directly related to regional 5-HT synthesis. The results showed highly significant increases (50% on average) in brain serotonin synthesis (K(*) values) at high (mean value of 223+/-41 mmHg) relative to low (mean value 77.1+/-7.7 mmHg) blood oxygen levels. This suggests that tryptophan hydroxylase is not saturated with oxygen in the living human brain and that increases in blood oxygen can elevate brain serotonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St. Montreal, QC H3A2B4, Canada
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43
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Hasegawa S, Watanabe A, Nishi K, Nguyen KQ, Diksic M. Selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist reduces serotonin synthesis following acute, and not chronic, drug administration: results of an autoradiographic study. Neurochem Int 2005; 46:261-72. [PMID: 15670643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Revised: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of acute and chronic administration of the serotonin (5-HT)1B agonist CP-93,129, on 5-HT synthesis rates were evaluated using the alpha-[14C]methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha-MTrp) autoradiographic method. In the acute treatment study, CP-93,129 (7 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the alpha-MTrp injection (30 microCi over 2 min). A single dose of CP-93,129 caused a significant increase in the synthesis in the median raphe nucleus (MR) without a significant influence on the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). There was a reduction in 5-HT synthesis in almost all of the projection areas. In the chronic treatment study, CP-93,129 was administered continuously (7 mg/kg/day) for 14 days using an osmotic minipump implanted subcutaneously. The chronic treatment with CP-93,129 did not produce a significant change in 5-HT synthesis in the raphe nuclei nor in the nerve terminal structures, except for the medial frontal bundle and the visual and sensory-motor cortices. The unaltered 5-HT synthesis rates in the chronic treatment study probably reflect a normalization of the synthesis as a result of the desensitization of 5-HT1B autoreceptors and/or heteroreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hasegawa
- Cone Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 2B4
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44
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Chowdari NS, Barbas CF. Total Synthesis of LFA-1 Antagonist BIRT-377 via Organocatalytic Asymmetric Construction of a Quaternary Stereocenter. Org Lett 2005; 7:867-70. [PMID: 15727461 DOI: 10.1021/ol047368b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic route for enantioselective total synthesis of cell adhesion inhibitor BIRT-377 is described. The quaternary stereocenter was constructed through l-proline-derived, tetrazole-catalyzed direct asymmetric alpha-amination of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methylpropanal with dibenzyl azodicarboxylate. In the course of these studies, a one-pot trifluoro acetylation/selective benzyloxycarbonyl deprotection method was developed. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu S Chowdari
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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45
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Chowdari NS, Suri JT, Barbas CF. Asymmetric Synthesis of Quaternary α- and β-Amino Acids and β-Lactams via Proline-Catalyzed Mannich Reactions with Branched Aldehyde Donors. Org Lett 2004; 6:2507-10. [PMID: 15255677 DOI: 10.1021/ol049248+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] L-Proline-catalyzed direct asymmetric Mannich reactions of N-PMP protected alpha-imino ethyl glyoxylate with various alpha,alpha-disubstituted aldehydes affords quaternary beta-formyl alpha-amino acid derivatives with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The Mannich products are further converted to the corresponding quaternary alpha- and beta-amino acids and beta-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu S Chowdari
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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46
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Badorrey R, Cativiela C, Dı́az-de-Villegas MD, Gálvez JA. Efficient resolution of rac-2-cyano-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid. An appropriate starting material for the enantioconvergent synthesis of (S)-α-methylphenylalanine on a large laboratory scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Jew SS, Jeong BS, Lee JH, Yoo MS, Lee YJ, Park BS, Kim MG, Park HG. Highly enantioselective synthesis of alpha-alkyl-alanines via the catalytic phase-transfer alkylation of 2-naphthyl aldimine tert-butyl ester by using O(9)-allyl-N(1)-2',3',4'-trifluorobenzylhydrocinchonidinium bromide. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4514-6. [PMID: 12762758 DOI: 10.1021/jo034006t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systematic investigations to develop an efficient enantioselective synthetic method for alpha-alkyl-alanine by catalytic phase-transfer alkylation were performed. The alkylation of 2-naphthyl aldimine tert-butyl ester, 1E, with RbOH and O(9)-allyl-N-2',3',4'-trifluorobenzylhydrocinchonidinium bromide, 6, at -35 degrees C showed the highest enantioselectivities, up to 96% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-sup Jew
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea.
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48
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49
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Bezin L, Marcel D, Garcia C, Blum D, Lafargue P, Lellouche JP, Pujol JF, Weissmann D. In situ examination of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat locus coeruleus using (3',5')-[(3)H(2)]-alpha-fluoromethyl-tyrosine as substrate of the enzyme. Synapse 2000; 35:201-11. [PMID: 10657027 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(20000301)35:3<201::aid-syn5>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity can be modified by changes in the specific activity of the enzyme (SA(TH)) or in the levels of active enzyme. We developed a methodology making it possible to measure with excellent anatomical resolution TH enzymatic activity and TH protein quantity by quantitative autoradiography and immunoautoradiography, respectively, from adjacent sections taken at serial intervals along the longitudinal extent of a same brain. SA(TH) was estimated by the slope of linear regressions established between TH activity and TH quantity measured at each anatomical plane. To evaluate TH activity, we used (3',5')-[(3)H(2)]-(D, L)-alpha-fluoromethyl-tyrosine [(3)H(2)]-MFMT, which is transformed by TH to [(3)H]-MFM-dopa, a potent and irreversible substrate for aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. We found that the SA(TH) in the cell body area of the LC (PKA) was 48% lower than that evaluated in the surrounding pericoerulean neuropil (PCN). In the PCN, 22% only of TH level exhibited a level of enzymatic activity above threshold. We also examined how SA(TH) was distributed in the LC 15 min and 3 days after RU 24722 treatment, a potent phasic and tonic activator of TH enzyme in noradrenergic neurons. Two distinct mechanisms have been observed: the short-term effect was due to an increase in the SA(TH) in the PKA only, while the long-term effect was mainly caused by an increase in the number of active TH proteins in the PCN. These results suggest that the fine regulation of TH activity which occurs in the different compartments of LC neurons may be critical in the functions involving the LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bezin
- Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie Moléculaire, CNRS Université, Faculté de médecine Laënnec, Lyon, France.
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50
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Abele S, Seebach D. Preparation of Achiral and of Enantiopure Geminally Disubstituted β-Amino Acids for β-Peptide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200001)2000:1<1::aid-ejoc1>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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