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Qu J, Yu S, Tang W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu J. Progress on Cassaine-Type Diterpenoid Ester Amines and Amides (Erythrophleum Alkaloids). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures, spectral characteristics, and bioactivities of 39 natural cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides (Erythrophleum alkaloids) and 31 synthetic analogues are reviewed. Cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides, the so called Erythrophleum alkaloids, have the skeleton of cassane-type diterpenoids with a N-containing side chain, and are classified into two groups, ester amines and amides. Cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides show remarkable inotropic action on the heart, inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase, cytotoxities, and other major bioactivities. Structural modification of cassaine-type diterpenoid ester amines and amides has been carried out to furnish many derivatives to study the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Qing X, Guo Y, Shan X, Ding Y, Gao Q, Li Y, Wang C. An efficient synthesis of 3β,14β-dihydroxy-5α-androst-15-en-17-one. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14944355549168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient four-step method has been developed for the synthesis of 3 β,14 β-dihydroxy-5 α-androst-15-en-17-one from a common androstane derivative. The X-ray crystal structures of the alkenes, the epoxide and the 14-hydroxy compound have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushun Qing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yayun Guo
- Shandong Academy of Grape, 1–27 Shanda South Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P.R. China
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3
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Quest for steroidomimetics: Amino acids derived steroidal and nonsteroidal architectures. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Figueroa-Valverde L, Díaz-Cedillo F, García-Cervera E, Pool Gómez E, López-Ramos M, Rosas-Nexticapa M, Martinez-Camacho R. Positive inotropic activity induced by a dehydroisoandrosterone derivative in isolated rat heart model. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1270-8. [PMID: 23821476 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that some steroid derivatives have inotropic activity; nevertheless, there is scarce information about the effects of the dehydroisoandrosterone and its derivatives at cardiovascular level. In addition, to date the cellular site and mechanism of action of dehydroisoandrosterone at cardiovascular level is very confusing. In order, to clarify those phenomena in this study, a dehydroisoandrosterone derivative was synthesized with the objective of to evaluate its activity on perfusion pressure and coronary resistance and compare this phenomenon with the effect exerted by dehydroisoandrosterone. The Langendorff technique was used to measure changes on perfusion pressure and coronary resistance in an isolated rat heart model in absence or presence of dehydroisoandrosterone and its derivative. Additionally, to characterize the molecular mechanism involved in the inotropic activity induced by dehydroisoandrosterone derivative was evaluated by measuring left ventricular pressure in absence or presence of following compounds; flutamide, prazosin, metoprolol and nifedipine. The results showed that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative significantly increased the perfusion pressure and coronary resistance in comparison with the control conditions and dehydroisoandrosterone. Additionally, other data indicate that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative increase left ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner [1 × 10(-9)-1 × 10(-4) mmol]; nevertheless, this phenomenon was significantly inhibited by nifedipine at a dose of 1 × 10(-6) mmol. In conclusion, these data suggest that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative induces positive inotropic activity through of activation the L-type calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Figueroa-Valverde
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomic of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, C.P. 24039, Col. Buenavista, CAM, Mexico,
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Lin NH, Chung TY, Li FY, Chen HA, Tzen JTC. Enhancing the potency of lithospermate B for inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase activity by forming transition metal ion complexes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:893-900. [PMID: 23685954 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether replacing Mg(2+) in magnesium lithospermate B (Mg-LSB) isolated from danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) with other metal ions could affect its potency in inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. METHODS Eight metal ions (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Cr(3+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), and Zn(2+)) were used to form complexes with LSB. The activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase was determined by measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate (Pi) liberated from ATP. Human adrenergic neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used to assess the intracellular Ca(2+) level fluctuation and cell viability. The metal binding site on LSB and the binding mode of the metal-LSB complexes were detected by NMR and visible spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS The potencies of LSB complexed with Cr(3+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), or Ni(2+) increased by approximately 5 times compared to the naturally occurring LSB and Mg-LSB. The IC50 values of Cr-LSB, Mn-LSB, Co-LSB, Ni-LSB, LSB, and Mg-LSB in inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity were 23, 17, 26, 25, 101, and 128 μmol/L, respectively. After treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the transition metal-LSB complexes (25 μmol/L), the intracellular Ca(2+) level was substantially elevated, and the cells were viable for one day. The transition metals, as exemplified by Co(2+), appeared to be coordinated by two carboxylate groups and one carbonyl group of LSB. Titration of LSB against Co(2+) demonstrated that the Co-LSB complex was formed with a Co(2+):LSB molar ratio of 1:2 or 1:1, when [Co(2+)] was less than half of the [LSB] or higher than the [LSB], respectively. CONCLUSION LSB complexed with Cr(3+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), or Ni(2+) are stable, non-toxic and more potent in inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. The transition metal-LSB complexes have the potential to be superior substitutes for cardiac glycosides in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
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Acute heart failure with low cardiac output: can we develop a short-term inotropic agent that does not increase adverse events? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2010; 7:100-9. [PMID: 20625945 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-010-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute heart failure represents an increasingly common cause of hospitalization, and may require the use of inotropic drugs in patients with low cardiac output and evidence of organ hypoperfusion. However, currently available therapies may have deleterious effects and increase mortality. An ideal inotropic drug should restore effective tissue perfusion by enhancing myocardial contractility without causing adverse effects. Such a drug is not available yet. New agents with different biological targets are under clinical development. In particular, istaroxime seems to dissociate the inotropic effect exerted by digitalis (inhibition of the membrane sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase) from the arrhythmic effect and to ameliorate diastolic dysfunction (via sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase activation). Additionally, the myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil appears to have promising characteristics, while genetic therapy has been explored in animal studies only. Further investigations are needed to confirm and expand the effectiveness and safety of these agents in patients with acute heart failure and low cardiac output.
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One step from nitro to oxime: a convenient preparation of unsaturated oximes by the reduction of the corresponding vinylnitro compounds. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jia P, Wu X, Yu Y, Zhang G. An efficient one-pot synthesis of 5, 9-cyclo-1, 11-oxido-pregn-16-ene-3, 20-dione from 9-bromide-11-hydroxypregna-1, 4, 16-trien-3, 20-dione by two annulation reactions. Steroids 2009; 74:229-32. [PMID: 19041660 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method to prepare 5, 9-cyclo-1, 11-oxido-pregn-16-ene-3, 20-dione in one pot was reported. Treatment of 9-bromide-11-hydroxypregna-1, 4, 16-trien-3, 20-dione with Raney Ni in absolute ethanol afforded 5, 9-cyclo-1, 11-oxido-pregn-16-ene-3, 20-dione by two annulation reactions in reasonable yield. The absolute configuration was also confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Abstract
Digitalis compounds are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure as positive inotropic agents; their action is mainly due to the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. A well-known drawback is their arrhythmogenic potential. Attempts to find safer digitalis-like compounds by means of molecular simplifications of the typical 5beta,14beta-steroidal skeleton, which appeared in the medicinal chemistry literature from 1990 until 2002, are briefly reviewed. Several novel achievements were obtained in order to better understand the requisites of the digitalis binding site on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. Only minor simplification, such as cleavage of the D ring of the digitalis skeleton, could preserve the desired inotropic activity, while highly simplified digitalis-like compounds failed to give sufficiently high inotropic potency, even in the presence of a powerful pharmacophore, such as the O-aminoalkyloxime group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cerri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese, MI, Italy.
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Insights into the mechanism of Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition by 2-methoxy-3,8,9-trihydroxy coumestan. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8801-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gobbini M, Armaroli S, Banfi L, Benicchio A, Carzana G, Fedrizzi G, Ferrari P, Giacalone G, Giubileo M, Marazzi G, Micheletti R, Moro B, Pozzi M, Scotti PE, Torri M, Cerri A. Novel Analogues of Istaroxime, a Potent Inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase: Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4601-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800257s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gobbini
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Silvia Armaroli
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Leonardo Banfi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Alessandra Benicchio
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Giulio Carzana
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferrari
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giacalone
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Michele Giubileo
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marazzi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Rosella Micheletti
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Barbara Moro
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Piero Enrico Scotti
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Marco Torri
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Alberto Cerri
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau SpA, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
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Stanton DT, Ankenbauer J, Rothgeb D, Draper M, Paula S. Identification and characterization of novel sodium/potassium-ATPase inhibitors by virtual screening of a compound database. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6062-70. [PMID: 17618121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal value of cardiac glycoside inhibitors for the treatment of congestive heart failure symptoms stems from their ability to specifically inhibit the ion transport activity of the transmembrane enzyme sodium/potassium-ATPase (Na/K-ATPase) in myocardial cells. In this study, we used the inhibitory potencies of 39 cardiac glycoside analogues for the development of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for Na/K-ATPase inhibition. In conjunction with a substructure and similarity search, the QSAR model was used to select ten potential inhibitors from a commercial compound database. The inhibitory potencies of these compounds were measured and four were found to be more active than the commonly used inhibitor ouabain. The results of the bioassays were incorporated into a second QSAR model, whose physical interpretation suggested that the nature of substituents in positions 10, 12, and 17 at the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene core of the inhibitors was critical for enzyme inhibition. All descriptors of the QSAR models were conformation-independent, making the search protocol a suitable tool for the rapid virtual screening of large compound databases for novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Stanton
- Miami Valley Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH 45252, USA
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Pôças ESC, Touza NA, da Silva AJM, Costa PRR, Noël F. Synergistic interaction between ouabain and 8-methoxy-3,9-dihydroxy coumestan, a non-steroidal synthetic inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase. Life Sci 2007; 81:1199-204. [PMID: 17884104 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of combination drugs is very common in therapeutics as in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer and heart failure but controversies about analysis of these interactions are frequent. The aim of the present work was to characterize the interaction between ouabain and 8-methoxy-3,9-dihydroxy coumestan (LQB93), a non-steroidal synthetic inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase, as well as the interaction between ouabain and ouabagenin, two cardiac glycosides sharing the same binding site. Inhibition of rat kidney Na+,K+-ATPase with increasing concentrations of the drugs alone or of mixtures of ouabain:ouabagenin and LQB93:ouabain in a fixed 1:4 ratio was performed. In other experiments, increasing concentrations of LQB93 (or ouabain) in the presence of a fixed concentration of ouabain (or ouabagenin) were used for determining the concentration pairs eliciting 50% inhibition in order to construct isobolograms. The mixture (experimental) curve for the ouabain:ouabagenin combination was superimposed on the additive (theoretical) curve indicating additivity, in accordance with the isobolographic analysis. On the other hand, the empirical curve for LQB93:ouabain (IC50=10.6 microM) was significantly shifted to the left in relation to the theoretical curve (IC50=30.7 microM) indicating synergism, further confirmed by the isobolographic analysis. As a conclusion, we show that the combination of a newly synthesized non-steroidal inhibitor and ouabain have a synergistic effect on Na+,K+-ATPase, further supporting a mechanism of inhibition different from ouabain. Present data also support the use of both the isobolograms and combination curves for the assessment of drug interactions occurring at the same molecular target, a situation poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suzana Carneiro Pôças
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941 590, Brazil
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Tzen JT, Jinn TR, Chen YC, Li FY, Cheng FC, Shi LS, She HK, Chen BC, Hsieh V, Tu ML. Magnesium lithospermate B possesses inhibitory activity on Na+,K+-ATPase and neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:609-15. [PMID: 17439716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine if magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) extracted from Danshen, the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, may act as an active component responsible for the cardiac therapeutic effect of this traditional Chinese herb via the same molecular mechanism triggered by cardiac glycosides, such as ouabain and digoxin. Moreover, we wanted to test if MLB may provide neuroprotection against ischemic stroke as observed for cardiac glycosides. METHODS Similarity in the chemical structure and molecular configuration between MLB and ouabain was analyzed. The inhibition potency of MLB and ouabain on Na( +),K( +) -ATPase activity of a commercial product, as well as in purified membrane fractions from rat brain and heart tissues, was examined and compared. Neuroprotective effect of MLB against ischemic stroke was also evaluated using a cortical brain slice-based assay model. RESULTS Dose-dependent inhibition on the commercial Na( +),K( +)-ATPase equivalent to that for ouabain was observed for MLB of approximately half dosage by weight. This relative potency of ouabain and MLB was also observed for their inhibition on Na( +),K( +)-ATPase activity of plasma membrane purified from rat tissues, although these 2 inhibitors exhibited somewhat lower competence in these crude extracts. In ischemic gerbil brains, post-treatment with MLB significantly reduced the infarct size, visualized by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, by approximately 55% when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION These results evidently suggest that the cardiac therapeutic effect of Danshen should be at least partly attributed to the effective inhibition of Na( +),K( +)-ATPase by MLB, and that MLB provides anti-ischemic neuroprotection in gerbils subjected to focal ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tc Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402 China.
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18
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Pôças ESC, Lopes DVS, da Silva AJM, Pimenta PHC, Leitão FB, Netto CD, Buarque CD, Brito FV, Costa PRR, Noël F. Structure-activity relationship of wedelolactone analogues: structural requirements for inhibition of Na+, K+ -ATPase and binding to the central benzodiazepine receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7962-6. [PMID: 16945543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coumestans 2a-i, bearing different patterns of substitution in A- and D-rings, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of kidney Na+, K+ -ATPase and ligands for the central benzodiazepine (BZP) receptor. The presence of a hydroxyl group in position 2 favours the effect on Na+, K+ -ATPase but decreases the affinity for the BZP receptor, allowing the design of more selective molecules than the natural wedelolactone. On the other hand, the presence of a catechol in ring D is important for the effect on both molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S C Pôças
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
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Kim MG, Kim MS, Lee SD, Suh J. Peptide-cleaving catalyst selective for melanin-concentrating hormone: oxidative decarboxylation of N-terminal aspartate catalyzed by Co(III)cyclen. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 11:867-75. [PMID: 16838152 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To provide a firm basis for the new paradigm of drug discovery based on catalysts for oxidative cleavage of N-terminal aspartate (Asp) residues of oligopeptides, oligopeptide-cleaving catalysts were searched by using melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) as the substrate. MCH is a target for designing drugs to reduce obesity. Catalyst candidates containing the Co(III) complex of cyclen as the catalytic center were prepared by multicomponent condensation reactions. From three kinds of chemical libraries containing about 19,000 catalyst candidates, one compound was identified as the MCH-cleaving catalyst. On incubation with the catalyst, the N-terminal Asp residue of MCH was converted to the pyruvate residue by oxidative decarboxylation. Detailed kinetics analysis revealed the catalytic nature of the action of the catalyst. In addition, the kinetics data indicated that MCH can be cleaved with half-lives of 3 h or less with submicromolar catalyst concentrations if the structure of the catalyst is further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gyum Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Fando GP, Kuchto AI, Khripach NB, Groen MB, van der Louw J, de Groot A. A new type of steroids with a cyclobutane fragment in the AB-ring moiety. Steroids 2006; 71:445-9. [PMID: 16551472 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a 5,10-seco steroid containing two double bonds in a AB-macrocycle as well as the preparation of a steroidal skeleton with a cyclobutane fragment is described. The structures of these compounds are different from those of natural steroids, but they are very similar with respect to conformation of the carbon skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus, The Netherlands.
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Kim MS, Jeon JW, Suh J. Angiotensin-cleaving catalysts: conversion of N-terminal aspartate to pyruvate through oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by Co(III)cyclen. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10:364-72. [PMID: 15887042 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To provide a firm basis for the new paradigm of drug discovery based on peptide-cleaving catalysts, oligopeptide-cleaving catalysts were searched for by using human angiotensin I (Ang-I) and angiotensin II (Ang-II) as the substrates. Catalyst candidates containing the Co(III) complex of cyclen as the catalytic center were prepared by multicomponent condensation reactions. From two types of chemical libraries containing about 3,600 catalyst candidates, two compounds [SS-Co(III)X and S-Co(III)Y] were selected as the most active catalysts. On incubation with SS-Co(III)X and S-Co(III)Y, both Ang-I and Ang-II were cleaved by oxidative decarboxylation instead of peptide hydrolysis: the N-terminal Asp residues of Ang-I and Ang-II were converted to pyruvate residues. Catalysts for oxidative decarboxylation of the N-terminal Asp residue contained in an oligopeptide are unprecedented in both biological and chemical systems. Detailed kinetics analysis suggested that Ang-I and Ang-II can be cleaved with half-lives much less than 1 h if the structures of the chelating ligands of the catalysts are further improved. The results indicated that the concept of the peptide-cleaving catalysts can be expanded to include oligopeptides as the targets and nonhydrolytic reactions as the means for cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Soon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
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Pôças ESC, Costa PRR, da Silva AJM, Noël F. 2-Methoxy-3,8,9-trihydroxy coumestan: a new synthetic inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase with an original mechanism of action. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:2169-76. [PMID: 14609741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to analyse the interaction between Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and one of our recent synthesized coumestans, namely the original molecule 2-methoxy-3,8,9-trihydroxy coumestan (PCALC36). Rat brain (mainly alpha 2 and alpha 3 Na(+),K(+)-ATPase isoforms) and kidney (alpha 1 isoform) fractions enriched with Na(+),K(+)-ATPase were utilized to compare the inhibition promoted by PCALC36 with that of classical inhibitors like ouabain and vanadate. Analysis of inhibition curves revealed that unlike ouabain, which was about a thousand times more potent to inhibit brain isoforms than kidney isoform, PCALC36 had a similar affinity for brain (IC(50)=4.33+/-0.90 microM) and kidney (IC(50)=11.04+/-0.86 microM) isoforms. The inhibitory effect of PCALC36 was not antagonized by 1-10 mM K(+), as observed with ouabain. Whereas vanadate was more potent in ionic conditions promoting the E2 conformation of the enzyme, the inhibitory effect of PCALC36 was equal in ionic conditions favouring either the E1 or E2 conformations. Equilibrium binding assays with [3H]ouabain revealed that the addition of 2-10 microM PCALC36 did not change the K(d) of ouabain but decreased its maximal binding (B(max)) in a concentration-dependent manner (from 76.6 to 44.0 pmol/mg protein). This inhibitory effect of PCALC36 was not reverted after an extensive washing procedure indicating that it forms a very stable complex with Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. We conclude that PCALC36, a new molecule with a non-steroidal skeleton, inhibits the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase by a mechanism of action different from the cardiac glycosides and could thus serve as a structural paradigm to develop new inotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suzana Carneiro Pôças
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
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23
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De Munari S, Cerri A, Gobbini M, Almirante N, Banfi L, Carzana G, Ferrari P, Marazzi G, Micheletti R, Schiavone A, Sputore S, Torri M, Zappavigna MP, Melloni P. Structure-based design and synthesis of novel potent Na+,K+ -ATPase inhibitors derived from a 5alpha,14alpha-androstane scaffold as positive inotropic compounds. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3644-54. [PMID: 12904068 DOI: 10.1021/jm030830y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological properties of novel inhibitors of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as potential positive inotropic compounds are reported. Following our model of superposition between cassaine and digitoxigenin, digitalis-like activity has been elicited from a non-digitalis steroidal structure by suitable modifications of the 5alpha,14alpha-androstane skeleton. The strong hydrophobic interaction of the digitalis or cassaine polycyclic cores can be effectively obtained with the androstane skeleton taken in a reversed orientation. Thus, oxidation of C-6 and introduction in the C-3 position of the potent pharmacophoric group recently introduced by us, in the 17 position of the digitalis skeleton, namely, O-(omega-aminoalkyl)oxime, led to a series of substituted androstanes able to inhibit the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, most of them with an IC(50) in the low micromolar level, and to induce a positive inotropic effect in guinea pig. Within this series, androstane-3,6,17-trione (E,Z)-3-(2-aminoethyl)oxime (22b, PST 2744) induced a strong positive inotropic effect while being less arrhythmogenic than digoxin, when the two compounds were compared at equiinotropic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De Munari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Micheletti R, Mattera GG, Rocchetti M, Schiavone A, Loi MF, Zaza A, Gagnol RJP, De Munari S, Melloni P, Carminati P, Bianchi G, Ferrari P. Pharmacological profile of the novel inotropic agent (E,Z)-3-((2-aminoethoxy)imino)androstane-6,17-dione hydrochloride (PST2744). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:592-600. [PMID: 12388640 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.038331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor (E,Z)-3-((2-aminoethoxy)imino)androstane-6,17-dione hydrochloride (PST2744) was characterized for its inotropic and toxic properties. Inhibition potency on dog kidney Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase was comparable (0.43 microM) to that of digoxin (0.45 microM). PST2744 concentration-dependently increased force of contraction in guinea pig atria and twitch amplitude in isolated guinea pig myocytes; in the latter, aftercontractions developed significantly less than with digoxin. Intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/min PST2744 in anesthetized guinea pigs exerted an immediate and long-lasting inotropic effect (ED(80) of 1.89 +/- 0.37 mg/kg) without causing lethal arrhythmias up to a cumulative dose of 18 mg/kg. Conversely, an equieffective infusion of digoxin (0.016 mg/kg/min; ED(80) of 0.32 mg/kg) caused lethal arrhythmias at a cumulative dose of 0.81 mg/kg. At a higher rate (0.4 mg/kg/min), PST2744 induced lethal arrhythmias, with a lethal dose/ED(80) ratio significantly greater than digoxin (20.2 +/- 6.3 versus 3.23 +/- 0.55, p < 0.05). Decay of the inotropic effect (t(1/2), min) was significantly faster for PST2744 (6.0 +/- 0.39) than for digoxin (18.3 +/- 4.5, p < 0.05). In anesthetized dogs, PST2744 dose-dependently increased maximum velocity of pressure rise (+dP/dt(max)) in the range 32 to 500 microg/kg i.v. and was safer than digoxin. In conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction, PST2744 significantly increased resting values of +dP/dt(max), left ventricular pressure, and SPB, and increased +dP/dt(max) throughout treadmill exercise while reverting the increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure seen in control animals. Digoxin significantly decreased basal heart rate, while not affecting the hemodynamic response to exercise. Thus, PST2744 represents a new class of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors endowed with inotropic activity comparable with that of digitalis but having greater safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Micheletti
- Prassis Sigma-Tau Research Institute, Via Forlanini 1/3, 20019 Settimo Milanese, Italy.
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