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Jovanović-Šanta SS, Petri ET, Klisurić OR, Szécsi M, Kovačević R, Petrović JA. Antihormonal potential of selected D-homo and D-seco estratriene derivatives. Steroids 2015; 97:45-53. [PMID: 25204595 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since many estrogen derivatives exhibit anti-hormone or enzyme inhibition potential, a large number of steroidal derivatives have been synthesised from appropriate precursors, in order to obtain potential therapeutics for the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. In molecular docking studies, based on X-ray crystallographic analysis, selected D-homo and D-seco estratriene derivatives were predicted to bind strongly to estrogen receptor α (ERα), aromatase and 17,20 lyase, suggesting they could be good starting compounds for antihormonal studies. Test results in vivo suggest that these compounds do not possess estrogenic activity, while some of them showed weak anti-estrogenic properties. In vitro anti-aromatase and anti-lyase assays showed partial inhibition of these two enzymes, while some compounds activated aromatase. Aromatase activators are capable of promoting estrogen synthesis for treatment of pathological conditions caused by estrogen depletion, e.g. osteopenia or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana S Jovanović-Šanta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Edward T Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olivera R Klisurić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihály Szécsi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Radmila Kovačević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Julijana A Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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2
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Abstract
A new synthetic pathway towards secosteroidal macrocycles was described via a reaction of cycloaddition as the key step. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ibrahim-Ouali
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Khalil Hamze
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
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3
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Zmijewski MA, Li W, Chen J, Kim TK, Zjawiony JK, Sweatman TW, Miller DD, Slominski AT. Synthesis and photochemical transformation of 3β,21-dihydroxypregna-5,7-dien-20-one to novel secosteroids that show anti-melanoma activity. Steroids 2011; 76:193-203. [PMID: 21070794 PMCID: PMC3005096 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized 3β,21-dihydroxypregna-5,7-dien-20-one (21(OH) 7DHP) and used UVB radiation to induce its photoconversion to analogues of vitamin D (pD), lumisterol (pL) and tachysterol (pT). The number and character of the products and the dynamics of the process were dependent on the UVB dose. The main products: pD and pT compounds were characterized by UV absorption, MS and NMR spectroscopy after RP-HPLC chromatography. In addition, formation of multiple oxidized derivatives of the primary products was detected and one of these derivatives was characterized as oxidized 21-hydroxyisotachysterol compound (21(OH)oxy-piT). These newly synthesized compounds inhibited growth of human melanoma cells in a dose dependent manner, with greater or equal potency to calcitriol. 3β,21-Dihydroxy-9β,10α-pregna-5,7-dien-20-one (21(OH)pL) and 21(OH)oxy-piT had higher potency against pigmented melanoma cells, while the EC(50) for compounds 21(OH)7DHP and (5Z,7E)-3β,21-dihydroxy-9,10-secopregna-5,7,10(19)-trien-20-one (21(OH)pD) were similar in both pigmented and non-pigmented cells. Moreover, 21(OH)7DHP and its derivatives inhibited proliferation of human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes, albeit at a lower activity compared to melanoma cells. Importantly, 21(OH)7DHP derivatives strongly inhibited the colony formation of human melanoma cells with 21(OH)pD being the most potent. The potential mechanism of action of newly synthesized compounds was similar to that mediated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and involved ligand-induced translocation of vitamin D receptor into the nucleus. In summary, we have characterized for the first time products of UVB-induced conversion of 21(OH)7DHP and documented that these compounds have selective, inhibitory effects on melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jordan K. Zjawiony
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Trevor W. Sweatman
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Anticancer Drug Research, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Address for all correspondence and reprint requests to: Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM525, Memphis, TN 38163, Tel: (901) 448-3741, Fax: (901) 448-6979,
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4
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Kuchto AI, Zhiburtovich YY, Khripach NB, Lyakhov AS, Groen MB, van der Louw J, de Groot A. Synthesis of 5,10-seco analogs of testosterone. Steroids 2008; 73:1424-32. [PMID: 18703077 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of 5,10-seco analogs of testosterone has been synthesized starting from products of the radical oxidation of 3beta,17beta-diacetoxy-5alpha-androstan-5alpha-ol. The obtained compounds possess a flexible 10-membered ring with substituents (O, -OH) at C-3 and C-5. Similar derivatives with an (E)- and (Z)-Delta(1(10))-double bond have been prepared also. X-ray analysis and a combination of NMR experiments have been used for their structure elucidation and conformation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
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5
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Fando GP, Kuchto AI, Khripach NB, Groen MB, van der Louw J, de Groot A. A new type of steroids with a cyclobutane fragment in the AB-ring moiety. Steroids 2006; 71:445-9. [PMID: 16551472 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a 5,10-seco steroid containing two double bonds in a AB-macrocycle as well as the preparation of a steroidal skeleton with a cyclobutane fragment is described. The structures of these compounds are different from those of natural steroids, but they are very similar with respect to conformation of the carbon skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus, The Netherlands.
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6
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Jovanović-Santa S, Petrović J, Andrić S, Kovacević R, Durendić E, Sakac M, Lazar D, Stanković S. Synthesis, structure, and screening of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of new 3,17-substituted-16,17-seco-estratriene derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2004; 31:475-84. [PMID: 14613768 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-2068(03)00101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The starting compound for synthesis of new 16,17-seco-estratriene derivatives was 3-benzyloxy-17-hydroxy-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile (1b), obtained from estrone in several synthetic steps. 17-Tosyl, -chloro-, bromo-, and -iodo- derivatives 2b, 4b, 5b, and 6b were prepared directly from secocyanoalcohol 1b, while the 17-fluoro-derivative 3b was obtained from tosylate 2b in the reaction with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride. The corresponding 3-hydroxy derivatives of these compounds were produced by action of hydrogen in presence of Pd/C, except the 3-hydroxy-17-iodo derivative 6a, which was obtained from 3-hydroxy-17-tosyloxy derivative 2a. All the newly synthesized compounds in biological tests on experimental animals exhibited an almost total loss of estrogenic activity, while most of them even prevented the action of endogenous estrogens. On the other hand, most of them, except compounds 3a and 6b, partially hindered the action of estradiol benzoate, behaving as moderate antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Jovanović-Santa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Serbia and Montenegro, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia.
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7
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Kuchto AI, Zhiburtovich YY, Fando GP, Lyakhov AS, Govorova AA, Groen MB, van der Louw J, de Groot A. Synthesis of 13,14-secotestosterone derivatives. Steroids 2004; 69:501-9. [PMID: 15246780 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A number of testosterone analogs with a 13,14-secosteroidal fragment have been prepared from (13S)-13-iodo-6beta-methoxy-3alpha, 5-cyclo-13,14-seco-5alpha-androstan-14,17-dione. The key steps involved stereoselective deiodination of the starting compound with triphenylphosphine and selective protection of the 17-keto group with trimethylsilylcyanide. Removal of iodine at C-13 proceeded with inversion of the configuration at C-13, which has been established by X-ray crystallography. 13,14-Secotestosterone analogues substituted and non-substituted at C-14 have been prepared. The obtained compounds containing flexible CD ring fragments are of great interest for comparative studies in biological tests together with testosterone and other steroids with a rigid tetracyclic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Street 5/2, 220141 Minsk.
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8
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Fando GP, Kuchto AI, Lyakhov AS, Govorova AA, Groen MB, van der Louw J, de Groot A. The synthesis of functionalized 13,14-seco-steroids via Grob fragmentation. Steroids 2004; 69:495-9. [PMID: 15246779 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic methodology for the synthesis of 13,14-seco-steroids with substituents at C-14 and C-17 is described. The approach involves Grob fragmentation of 14beta-hydroxy-17beta-tosylates, hydroboration-oxidation of the intermediate delta13(17)-olefin, and hydride reduction of the 14-ketone. An unambiguous structural assignment of (13R,14S,17S)-14,17-diacetoxy-3-methoxy-7alpha-methyl-13,14-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene was determined by X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk.
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9
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskii VN, Kuchto AI, Fando GP, Zhiburtovich YY, Lyakhov AS, Govorova AA, Groen MB, van der Louw J, de Groot A. Reaction of (13S)-13-iodo-6beta-methoxy-3alpha,5-cyclo-13,14-seco-5alpha-androstane-14,17-dione with hydroxylamine and its application to the synthesis of new 13,14-seco steroids. Steroids 2004; 69:511-4. [PMID: 15246781 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 13,14-seco steroids starting from easily available (13S)-13-iodo-6beta-methoxy-3alpha,5-cyclo-13,14-seco-5alpha-androsta-14,17-dione is described. The C-17 ketone was converted regioselectively into its oxime with simultaneous stereoselective deiodination at C-13. The remaining C-14 carbonyl group was then reduced stereoselectively with Ca(BH4)2. The configurations at the relevant stereocenters of the thus obtained hydroxy oxime were determined by X-ray analysis. Successful regeneration of the C-17 carbonyl group was achieved by treatment of the corresponding oxime acetate with TiCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk.
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10
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (-)-calicoferol B (III) is described. The cyclozirconation product I, prepared in enantiomerically pure form, was converted into the CD ring chiron II. This was coupled with the aromatic A-ring, and then the side chain was constructed with control of relative and absolute configuration to complete the total synthesis of III. The first total synthesis of (-)-calicoferol B (1) is described. The cyclozirconation product 8, prepared in enantiomerically pure form, was converted into the CD ring chiron 6. This was coupled with the aromatic A-ring, and then the side chain was constructed with control of relative and absolute configuration to complete the total synthesis of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass F Taber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Starting from ergosterol two novel 9,11-secosterols with modified side chains (1a) and (1c) were synthesized via eight main transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jäälaid
- Institute of Chemistry at Tallinn Technical University, Estonia
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12
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Lazar D, Stanković S, Pejanović V, Courseille C. D-Secoestrone derivatives. V1. 3-Methoxy-17-oxo-17-phenyl-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile and 17-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-phenyl-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile. Acta Crystallogr C 2002; 58:o63-5. [PMID: 11828109 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270101018182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2001] [Accepted: 10/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The two title 16,17-secoestrone derivatives, 3-methoxy-17-oxo-17-phenyl-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile, C(25)H(27)NO(2), (I) (17-oxo substituent), and 17-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-phenyl-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile, C(25)H(29)NO(2), (II) (17-hydroxy substituent), have quite different conformations in the solid state. These conformational differences can be minimized by molecular mechanics calculations. Thus, the remarkable difference in the biological activity of the two compounds, e.g. the strong oestrogenic characteristics of (I) and the moderate antioestrogenic action of (II), must be caused by the difference in substitution at C17. In (II), the molecules are linked by O-H...N hydrogen bonds, forming spirals along the b direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Lazar
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia.
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13
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Gobbini M, Barassi P, Cerri A, De Munari S, Fedrizzi G, Santagostino M, Schiavone A, Torri M, Melloni P. 17 alpha-O-(aminoalkyl)oxime derivatives of 3 beta,14 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstane and 3 beta-hydroxy-14-oxoseco-D-5 beta-androstane as inhibitors of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase at the digitalis receptor. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3821-30. [PMID: 11689068 DOI: 10.1021/jm0109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and binding affinities to the digitalis Na(+),K(+)-ATPase receptor of a series of 3 beta,14 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstane and 3 beta-hydroxy-14-oxoseco-D-5 beta-androstane derivatives bearing a 17 alpha-(aminoalkoxy)imino chain are reported; some derivatives were also studied for their inotropic activity. Our recently proposed model of interaction of molecules with the digitalis receptor was used to design these compounds. On that basis, the possibility to design novel potent inhibitors of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase without being constrained by the stereochemistry of the classical digitalis skeleton in the D-ring region was predicted. The binding affinities of the most potent compounds in the two series, (EZ)-17 alpha-[2-[(2-aminoethoxy)imino]ethyl]-5 beta-androstane-3 beta,14 beta-diol (6f) and (EZ)-3 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-[2-[(2-aminoethoxy)imino]ethyl]-14,15-seco-5 beta-androstan-14-one (24c) are higher than that of the potent natural compound digitoxigenin, despite the unusual alpha-exit of the substituent in position 17 of 6f or the disruption of the D-ring in 24c. These results further support the validity of our recently proposed model of binding at the digitalis receptor. Results of the inotropic tests on guinea pig atrium deserve further investigation on the pharmacological profile of these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gobbini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Prassis Istituto di Ricerche Sigma-Tau, Via Forlanini 3, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy.
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14
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Abstract
By a structural combination of phosphonate and bisphosphonate moieties with the vitamin D skeleton a series of new vitamin D analogs was synthesized. Derivatives with 24beta-hydroxy- or 24-keto groups exerted considerable vitamin D activities in vitro while the hypercalcemic potentials were significantly reduced as compared to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol). Whereas the 24-hydroxy analogs did not influence bone formation in vivo in dosages below the hypercalcemic threshold, the 24-ketones were found to induce synthesis of new bone matrix in non-hypercalcemic doses. Vitamin D bisphosphonate hybrids, on the other hand, which did not elicit substantial vitamin D activities in vitro and tend to decrease serum calcium levels in vivo clearly induced osteoid formation in rats, indicating a mechanism of action different to calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steinmeyer
- Preclinical Drug Research, Schering AG, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Muellerstrasse 178, D-13342, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Doisynolic acids, D-ring seco-steroids derived from alkaline fusion of estrones, are hormonal curiosities: Their binding affinity for the estrogen receptor is low (ca. 1-2% that of estradiol), but their in vivo potency is high and they have a long duration of action. To study the in vivo behavior of the doisynolic acids, we prepared fluorine-substituted analogs of both trans-doisynolic acid (with the natural 14 alpha-hydrogen configuration, trans-FDA) and the more active cis-doisynolic acid (with the unnatural 14 beta-hydrogen configuration, cis-FDA) from estrone and 14 beta-estrone, respectively. Modification of the D-ring haloform cleavage approach of Meyers allowed us to introduce fluorine (or fluorine-18) on the carbon atom derived from C-16 in the estrones. Fluorine substitution had little effect on the estrogen receptor binding affinity of the doisynolic acids. Tissue distribution of the fluorodoisynolic acids (trans-[18F]FDA and cis-[18F]FDA) was unusual and very different from that of typical, high-affinity ligands for the estrogen receptor. At 1-3 h in immature female rats, trans-[18F]FDA shows low and rather nonselective uptake in the principal estrogen target tissue (uterus) and slow clearance. By contrast, cis-[18F]FDA shows high uptake in nearly all tissues, with significant uterine uptake that continues to increase over the 1-6-h period. The uterine uptake of this isomer was blocked at the later times by a sufficiently high dose of unlabeled cis-FDA. After administration of the trans-[18F]FDA, a more polar metabolite slowly accumulates in the blood. The cis-[18F]FDA, however, showed no apparent metabolism, with 84% of the blood activity at 5 h assigned as the unmetabolized radioligand. After 5 h, only limited clearance from blood, liver, and kidneys has occurred. No metabolite from this isomer accumulates in the uterus. Although fluorodoisynolic acids will not be useful breast-tumor imaging agents, their behavior was found to be interesting as it deviates from that of other F-18 estrogens. Further long-term studies of cis-doisynolic acid, labeled with tritium, may be needed to explicate fully its unusual distribution properties and high in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Scribner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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16
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Abstract
(17R,S)-17-Hydroxy-14,15-secoandrost-4-en-15-yn-3-one has been shown previously to be a mechanism-based inactivator of rat liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. This manuscript describes the synthesis of this diastereomeric 14,15-secosteroid from [2S-(2 alpha,4a alpha,4b beta, 10a beta)]- 1,2,3,4a,4b,7,9,10,10a-decahydro-2,4b-dimethyl-7-oxo-2-phenanth renecarboxylic acid methyl ester. The separation of this diastereomeric 14,15-secosteroid into (17R)- and (17S)-17-hydroxy-14,15-secoandrost-4-en-15-yn-3-one was accomplished by HPLC separation of the (S)-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate derivatives on a silica column. The crystal structure of (17S)-17-hydroxy-14,15-secoandrost-4-en-15-yn-3-one was then solved by X-ray diffraction analysis to establish unambiguously the absolute configuration of the diastereomeric 14,15-secosteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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17
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Abstract
(17R,S)-17-Hydroxy-14,15-secoandrost-4-en-15-yn-3-one has been shown previously to be a mechanism-based inactivator of rat liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. This manuscript describes the synthesis of this diastereomeric 14,15-secosteroid from [2S-2 alpha,4a alpha,4b beta,10a beta)]- 1,2,3,4a,4b,7,9,10,10a-decahydro-2,4b-dimethyl-7-oxo-2-phenanth renecarboxylic acid methyl ester. The separation of this diastereomeric 14,15-secosteroid into (17R)- and (17S)-17-hydroxy-14,15-secoandrost-4-en-15-yn-3-one was accomplished by HPLC separation of the (S)-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate derivatives on a silica column. The crystal structure of (17S)-17-hydroxy-14,15-secoandrost-4-en-15-yn-3-one was then solved by X-ray diffraction analysis to establish unambiguously the absolute configuration of the diastereomeric 14,15-secosteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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18
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Abstract
The crystal structure of the D-seco-estrogen doisynolic acid shows it to have the natural S configuration at the position derived from C-14 in estrone. Two major by-products during the synthesis of doisynolic acid from estrone are shown to be dimeric steroids. One is an aldol condensation product, and the other appears to arise from an alkaline cleavage of the aldol product.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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19
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Abstract
4,5-Secocholestane (1a) and 4-methyl-4,5-secocholestane (1b) were synthesized from cholesterol (2) in five and seven steps, respectively. The key intermediate, 5-oxo-4,5-secocholestan-4-al (7) was reduced by the Clemmensen method to afford 1a. Meanwhile, 7 underwent selective Wittig reaction, Clemmensen reduction, and hydrogenation to give another target molecule, 1b. The structure of an unknown biomarker was shown to be different from the proposed 1a by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, People's Republic of China
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20
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Abstract
13,17-Secodiacholestanes (6) were synthesized from cholesterol (1) in six steps. The key intermediates, (20R)- and (20S)-diacholest-13(17)-enes (3a and 3b), underwent ozonization and reduction to provide (20R)- and (20S)-13,17-secodiacholesta-13,17-dione (5a and 5b), respectively. On Clemmensen reduction, the diones (5a and 5b) yielded the target molecule 6. The structure of an unknown biomarker was shown to be different from the proposed 6 by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Li
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, People's Republic of China
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21
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Abstract
Five new D-secoestrone derivatives were synthesized, starting from 3-methoxy-17-hydroxy-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile. Newly synthesized compounds showed a complete loss of estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Petrović
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
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22
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Abstract
5 alpha-(17R,20R)-14,15-Secocholestane (12) was synthesized from cholesterol (1) in 12 steps. The key intermediate, 5 alpha-cholest-14-en-3 beta-yl acetate (4), underwent ozonization, reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation to provide 5 alpha-14,15-secocholesta-3,14,15-trione (8). One of the Clemmensen reduction products of 8 is 5 alpha(17R,20R)-14,15-secocholest-15-ol (11); treatment of the alcohol (11) with tosyl chloride and subsequent reduction with lithium aluminum hydride yielded the target molecule (12).
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Li
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, People's Republic of China
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23
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Abstract
The conversion of estrone to 14,15-secoestratrien-15-ynes, inactivators of estradiol dehydrogenase from human term placenta, is described. The optically pure precursor 7-acetoxy-octahydro-2-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid methyl ester is prepared from estrone in five steps and 40% yield. The unsubstituted propargylic secoestratriene diol, a mechanism-based inactivator of estradiol dehydrogenase, and the corresponding acetylenic ketone, an affinity label inactivator of the same enzyme, arise from the phenanthrene ester in three and four steps. The propargylic secoestratriene diol also competes with [3H]estradiol for binding to calf uterus estrogen receptor and possesses weak uterotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Auchus
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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24
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Abstract
The synthesis of C-nor-9,11-secoestradiol (4) has been achieved from 17 beta-acetoxy-11-chloro-3-methoxy-C-nor-9,11-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-tr ien-9-one (1) through a sequence of reactions without affecting the stereochemistry of estradiol-17 beta. Removal of the 9-keto function of 1 by hydrogenolysis and its subsequent treatment with Na/NH3 gives C-nor-9,11-secoestradiol 3-(methyl ether) (3), which has been demethylated under alkaline conditions to furnish C-nor-9,11-secoestradiol (4). Pyridinium chlorochromate oxidation of 3 gives the corresponding 17-ketone 6. Jones' oxidation of 4 to the ketone 5 and reaction of 5 and 6 with lithium acetylide gives corresponding 17 alpha-ethynyl derivatives 7 and 8. Relative binding affinity to estradiol-17 beta receptors and uterotropic, antiuterotrophic, and antiimplantation activities of compounds 3-8 have been studied. The effect of conformational flexibility on ligand-receptor interaction of these compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lal
- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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25
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Abstract
14,15-Secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-15-yne-3,17 beta-diol (1) is a mechanism-based inactivator of human placental 17 beta,20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (estradiol dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.62). Inactivation with alcohol 1 requires NAD-dependent enzymic oxidation and follows approximately pseudo-first-order kinetics with a limiting t1/2 of 82 min and a "Ki" of 2.0 microM at pH 9.2 and 25 degrees C. At saturating concentrations of NAD, the initial rate of inactivation is slower than in the presence of 5 microM NAD, suggesting that cofactor binding to free enzyme impedes the inactivation process. Glutathione completely protects the enzyme from inactivation at both cofactor concentrations. Inactivation with 45 microM tritiated alcohol 1 followed by dialysis and gel filtration demonstrates a covalent interaction and affords an estimated stoichiometry of 1.4 molecules of steroid per subunit (2.8 per dimer). Chemically prepared 3-hydroxy-14,15-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-15-yn-17-one (2) rapidly inactivates estradiol dehydrogenase with biphasic kinetics. From the latter phase, a Ki of 2.8 microM and a limiting t1/2 of 12 min at pH 9.2 were determined. Estradiol, NADH, and NAD all retard this latter inactivation phase. We propose that enzymatically generated ketone 2 inactivates estradiol dehydrogenase after its release from and return to the active site of free enzyme.
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26
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Arnó M, García MB, Pedro JR, Seoane E. Preparation of 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol and 4 alpha-methyl-2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol and its reactions with o-nitrophenyl selenocyanate. Steroids 1984; 43:305-14. [PMID: 6523547 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(84)90048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol and 4 alpha-methyl-2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol with o-nitrophenyl selenocyanate was studied. The diols were synthesized from cholesterol.
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27
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Thingran AG, Gupta RC, Ray S, Agarwal AK, Singh MM, Anand N. Studies in antifertility agents--Part XLI : Secosteroids--X : Syntheses of various stereoisomers of (+/-) 2,6 beta -diethyl-7 alpha -ethynyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol. Steroids 1983; 42:627-34. [PMID: 6680933 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(83)90126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of (+/-) 2 alpha,6 beta -diethyl-7 alpha -ethynyl-3 alpha-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-trans- bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol (8), (+/-)2 beta,6 beta-diethyl-7 alpha-ethynyl-3 beta-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol 12 and (+/-) 2 alpha,6 beta-diethyl-7 alpha-ethynyl-3 beta-(p-hydroxyphenyl)- trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol (18) and their derivatives, which are essentially B-seco-steroids having cis-anti-trans, cis-syn-trans and trans-anti-trans geometries have been carried out. A study of their antiimplantation activities (AI) and receptor binding affinities (RBA) show that trans-anti-trans compounds are biologically most potent, followed by the corresponding cis-anti-trans and cis-syn-trans compounds. The most potent compound 18 is active at 1 mg/kg in rats. Introduction of 7 alpha-ethynyl group increases their AI activity; however, no significant effect on their RBA is observed.
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28
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Murari MP, Londowski JM, Bollman S, Kumar R. Synthesis and biological activity of 3 beta-hydroxy-9,10-secopregna-5,7,10[19]-triene-20-one: a side chain analogue of vitamin D3. J Steroid Biochem 1982; 17:615-9. [PMID: 6294414 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(82)90562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, biological and antagonistic activity of 3 beta-hydroxy-9,10-secopregna-5,7,10[19]-triene-20-one (20-oxopregnacalciferol, 7) a shortened side chain analogue of vitamin D3, are described. At the highest dose tested the analogue was found to have small though significant bone and soft tissue mobilization activity; no significant increase in intestinal calcium transport was noted. The compound was found to possess no antagonistic activity against vitamin D3.
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29
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Lal K, Ray S. Chlorodecarboxylation of 17 beta-acetoxy-3-methoxy-9-oxo-9, 11-secoestra-1, 3, 5 (10)-trien-11-oic acid with lead tetraacetate and trityl chloride. Steroids 1982; 39:537-45. [PMID: 7147285 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(82)90054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Balasubramanian V, Robinson CH. Irreversible inactivation of mammalian delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases by 5,10-secosteroids. Enzymatic oxidation of allenic alcohols to the corresponding allenic ketones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 101:495-501. [PMID: 6946769 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Seamark DA, Trafford DJ, Makin HL. A new procedure for the formation of isotachysterol derivatives of subnanomole quantities of ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol and its metabolites prior to gas liquid chromatography. J Steroid Biochem 1980; 13:1057-63. [PMID: 6252388 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(80)90137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Abstract
Treatment of lumi-estrone 3-methyl ether (I) with acetylene gave the C-17-epimeric compounds lumi-mestranol (3-methoxy-17 alpha-ethynyl-13 alpha-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17 beta-ol, III ) and epi-lumi-mestranol (3-methoxy-17 beta-ethynyl-13 alpha-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17 alpha-ol, IV). The structures of the two isomers were assigned on the basis of their molecular rotations and shift-reagent experiments in the NMR. The irradiation of estrone 3-methyl ether (II) to provide compound I was investigated in two solvent systems. Minor products of these reactions were the seco-steroids VII, VIII and X.
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33
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Covey DF, Robinson CH. Letter: Conjugated allenic 3-oxo-5,10-secosteroids. Irreversible inhibitors of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase. J Am Chem Soc 1976; 98:5038-40. [PMID: 950427 DOI: 10.1021/ja00432a067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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35
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36
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Daniewski AR. Total synthesis of steroids. VI. Synthesis of 14beta-hydroxy-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,17-dione and related compounds. J Org Chem 1975; 40:3124-7. [PMID: 1185304 DOI: 10.1021/jo00909a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Bindra JS, Neyyarapally AT, Gupta RC, Kamboj VP, Anand N. Studies in antifertility agents. 8. Seco steroids. 2. 5,6-Secoestradiol and some related compounds. J Med Chem 1975; 18:921-5. [PMID: 1159714 DOI: 10.1021/jm00243a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three ring beta-secoestradiols, 2alpha,3beta- and 2beta,3beta-2-ethyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-6beta-methyl-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7beta-ols, have been synthesized and some of them shown to possess significant antiimplantation activity in rats.
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38
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Gupta RC, Anand N. Studies in antifertility agents: part XIV--SECO-Steroids VII: Synthesis of 2 alpha- & 2 beta, 6 beta-dimethyl-3 beta-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-trans-bicyclo-(4.3.0)nonan-7-ones & some related compounds. Indian J Chem 1975; 13:759-60. [PMID: 1228014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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39
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Abstract
9,11-Secoestradiol (9) and 11-hydroxy-9,11-secoestradiol (12) have been synthesized starting from 17-acetoxyestradiol 3-methyl ether (1) and found to possess significant antifertility activity in rats. 3-Methoxy-9,11-seco-9-oxo-17beta-acetoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-11-oic acid (2), prepared by CrO3 oxidation of 1, on hydrogenolysis gave methyl 17beta-hydroxy-3-methoxy-9,11-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-11-carboxylate (3). The 17-O-THP derivative of 3 was treated with LiAlH4 to give 17beta-(O-tetrahydropyranyl)-3-methoxy-11-hydroxy-9,11-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (5). The 11-O-mesylate of 5 on LiAlH4 reduction followed by mild acid treatment and demethylation under alkaline conditions gave 9. LiAlH4 reduction of 3 gave 9,11-seco-11-hydroxyestradiol 3-methyl ether (11) which on demethylation gave 9,11-seco-11-hydroxyestradiol (12).
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41
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Miki T, Hiraga K, Masuya H, Asako T, Fujii S. A phosphorylation of steroids and a dienone-phenol rearrangement leading to a secosteroidal aldehyde which has a strong toxicity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1974; 22:1439-50. [PMID: 4373183 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.22.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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43
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Lüthy C, Schlatter HR, Graf W. [Steroids and sex hormones. 253. Synthetic experiments in the limonine series. II. Partial synthetic structure of ring A and A' of limonine]. Helv Chim Acta 1974; 57:1060-66. [PMID: 4410982 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19740570413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Chinn LJ, Dygos JH, Mares SE, Aspinall RL, Ranney RE. 9,11-Seco steroids. An attempt to separate biological activities via ring cleavage. J Med Chem 1974; 17:351-4. [PMID: 4811234 DOI: 10.1021/jm00249a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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46
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Ananthanarayanan CV, Rastogi SN, Anand N. Studies in antifertility agents: IX. Secosteroids III: synthesis of 2-methyl-2-(3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)hexyl)cyclopentan-1-one & -1-ol. Indian J Chem 1973; 11:1051-3. [PMID: 4806710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Neyyarapally AT, Gupta RC, Srivastava SC, Bindra JS, Grover PK, Setty BS, Anand N. Studies in antifertility agents: VII. Seco-steroids: synthesis of 6-methyl-3-phenyl-bicyclo(4-3-0)nonan-7-ols & 7-ones. Indian J Chem 1973; 11:325-9. [PMID: 4806713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Hellman HM, Jerussi RA, Rosegay A. The oxidative rearrangement of ketones to carboxylic acids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1972; 192:44-8. [PMID: 4503567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb52574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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50
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