1
|
Abdelmalek CM, Hu Z, Kronenberger T, Küblbeck J, Kinnen FJM, Hesse SS, Malik A, Kudolo M, Niess R, Gehringer M, Zender L, Witt-Enderby PA, Zlotos DP, Laufer SA. Gefitinib-Tamoxifen Hybrid Ligands as Potent Agents against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4616-4632. [PMID: 35286086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drug conjugates may benefit from simultaneous action at two targets potentially overcoming the drawbacks of current cancer treatment, such as insufficient efficacy, high toxicity, and development of resistance. Compared to a combination of two single-target drugs, they may offer an advantage of pharmacokinetic simplicity and fewer drug-drug interactions. Here, we report a series of compounds connecting tamoxifen or endoxifen with the EGFR-inhibitor gefitinib via a covalent linkage. These hybrid ligands retain both ER antagonist activity and EGFR inhibition. The most potent analogues exhibited single-digit nanomolar activities at both targets. The amide-linked endoxifen-gefitinib drug conjugates 17b and 17c demonstrated the most favorable anti-cancer profile in cellular viability assays on MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and BT-549 breast cancer cells. Most importantly, in TNBC cells 17b and 17c displayed nanomolar IC50-values (380 nM - 970 nM) and were superior in their anti-cancer activity compared to their control compounds and combinations thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine M Abdelmalek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, 11835 New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zexi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jenni Küblbeck
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Franziska J M Kinnen
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Salma S Hesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, 11835 New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afsin Malik
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raimund Niess
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, 11835 New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kapse P, Chikhale RV, Khan MR, Wabaidur SM, Islam MA. Synthesis of novel cycloheptylbenzothiazole-2-carboxamides and biological evaluation as human estrogen receptor modulators. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Jin Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhou J, Wang X, Feng H, Liu H. Synergistic Combination Chemotherapy of Lung Cancer: Cisplatin and Doxorubicin Conjugated Prodrug Loaded, Glutathione and pH Sensitive Nanocarriers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5205-5215. [PMID: 33268983 PMCID: PMC7701144 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s260253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prodrug technology-based combination drug therapy has been exploited as a promising treatment strategy to achieve synergistic lung cancer therapy, reduce drug dose, and decrease side effects. In the present study, we synthesized a pH and glutathione (GSH) sensitive prodrug, cisplatin (CIS) and doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates (CIS-DOXp). CIS-DOXp was loaded by nanocarriers and delivered into the tumor site. Methods pH and GSH sensitive CIS-DOX prodrug (CIS-DOXp) was synthesized by conjugating GSH responsive CIS prodrug with pH sensitive DOX prodrug. CIS-DOXp-loaded nanocarriers (CIS-DOXp NC) were prepared using emulsification and solvent evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of nanocarriers were measured. In vitro cytotoxicity of nanocarriers and the corresponding free drugs was examined using the MTT assay. In vivo anti-tumor efficiency and biodistribution behaviors were evaluated on lung cancer mice models. Results The size, PDI, zeta potential, CIS loading efficiency, and DOX loading efficiency of CIS-DOXp NC were 128.6 ± 3.2 nm, 0.196 ± 0.021, 15.7 ± 1.7 mV, 92.1 ± 2.1%, and 90.4 ± 1.8%, respectively. The best cell killing ability (the lowest combination index of 0.57) was found at the combination ratio of 1:3 (CIS:DOX, w/w) in the drugs co-loaded formulations, indicating the strongest synergism effect. CIS-DOXp NC showed the best tumor inhibition efficiency (79.9%) in mice with negligible body weight lost. Conclusion CIS-DOXp NC could be applied as a promising system for the synergistic chemotherapy of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Jin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Makar S, Saha T, Swetha R, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Rational approaches of drug design for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), implicated in breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103380. [PMID: 31757413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have gained momentum due to the rational drug design by engaging computational tools and bioinformatics methodologies. Bioisosteric replacements and hybrid molecular approaches are the other inventive processes, used by medicinal chemists for the desired modifications of leads for clinical drug candidates. SERMs, ought to produce inhibitory activity in breast, uterus and agonist activity in other tissues, are beneficial for estrogen-like actions. ER subtypes α and β are hormone dependent modulators of intracellular signaling and gene expression, and development of ER selective ligands could be an effective approach for treatment of breast cancer. This report has critically investigated the possible designing considerations of SERMs, their in silico interactions, and potent pharmacophore generation approaches viz. indole, restricted benzothiophene [3, 2-b] indole, carborane, xanthendione, combretastatin A-4, organometallic heterocycles, OBHS-SAHA hybrids, benzopyranones, tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dig G derivatives and their specifications in drug design and development, to rationally improve the understanding in drug discovery. This also includes various strategies for the development of dual inhibitors for the management of antiestrogenic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bulavin L, Goncharenko N, Dmytrenko O, Pavlenko O, Kulish M, Goncharova O, Demydov P, Lopatynskyi A, Chegel V. Heteroassociation of antitumor agent doxorubicin with bovine serum albumin in the presence of gold nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Hu W, Zhao J, Hua W, Gou S. A study on platinum(iv) species containing an estrogen receptor modulator to reverse tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer. Metallomics 2019; 10:346-359. [PMID: 29349448 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several dual-action Tam-Pt(iv) complexes derived from tamoxifen (Tam) and platinum(ii) drugs were designed and synthesized for targeting estrogen receptors (ERs) and DNA. These novel compounds not only exhibited potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, but also reversed the tamoxifen resistance of TamR-MCF-7 cancer cells. Computational docking assays together with cellular uptake data demonstrated that the ER ligand portion of these conjugates plays a targeting role in ER-positive tumor cells and promotes the uptake of platinum via an estrogen receptor-mediated pathway. A study on the preliminary mechanism of the typical conjugate, complex 1, revealed that the Tam-Pt(iv) complex induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway mediated through the activation of caspase 3 and PARP proteins. These results suggested that the conjugation of estrogen receptor modulators with the platinum moiety could facilitate a selective enrichment of platinum in estrogen-positive tumors and possibly broaden the scope of ER ligand clinical use to resistant breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delavari B, Mamashli F, Bigdeli B, Poursoleiman A, Karami L, Zolmajd-Haghighi Z, Ghasemi A, Samaei-Daryan S, Hosseini M, Haertlé T, Muronetz VI, Halskau Ø, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Goliaei B, Rezayan AH, Saboury AA. A biophysical study on the mechanism of interactions of DOX or PTX with α-lactalbumin as a delivery carrier. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17345. [PMID: 30478403 PMCID: PMC6255783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin and paclitaxel, two hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents, are used in cancer therapies. Presence of hydrophobic patches and a flexible fold could probably make α-Lactalbumin a suitable carrier for hydrophobic drugs. In the present study, a variety of thermodynamic, spectroscopic, computational, and cellular techniques were applied to assess α-lactalbumin potential as a carrier for doxorubicin and paclitaxel. According to isothermal titration calorimetry data, the interaction between α-lactalbumin and doxorubicin or paclitaxel is spontaneous and the K (M-1) value for the interaction of α-lactalbumin and paclitaxel is higher than that for doxorubicin. Differential scanning calorimetry and anisotropy results indicated formation of α-lactalbumin complexes with doxorubicin or paclitaxel. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamic studies revealed that TRPs are not involved in α-Lac's interaction with Doxorubicin while TRP 60 interacts with paclitaxel. Based on Pace analysis to determine protein thermal stability, doxorubicin and paclitaxel induced higher and lower thermal stability in α-lactalbumin, respectively. Besides, fluorescence lifetime measurements reflected that the interaction between α-lactalbumin with doxorubicin or paclitaxel was of static nature. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that α-lactalbumin could serve as a carrier for doxorubicin and paclitaxel by reducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis which was demonstrated during our in vitro cell studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Delavari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Bigdeli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Poursoleiman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karami
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zolmajd-Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Samaei-Daryan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań, Poland.,UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, B.P. 71627, 44316, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Vladimir I Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Øyvind Halskau
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, PB 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Bahram Goliaei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Rezayan
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Mailbox, 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang C, Du Y, Liang Q, Cheng Z, Tian J. A Novel Estrogen Receptor α-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for in Vivo Detection of Breast Tumor. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4702-4709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Qian Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Jie Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Duan X, Chen J, Wu Y, Wu S, Shao D, Kong J. Drug Self-Delivery Systems Based on Hyperbranched Polyprodrugs towards Tumor Therapy. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:939-943. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Condition, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Condition, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Yalan Wu
- PLA No. 323 Hospital; Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054 P. R. China
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institut for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dongyan Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Condition, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Condition, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Habibi-Khorassani SM, Shahraki M, Aghdaei E, Mostafa B. Investigation of the Mannich reaction for generating a β-aminoketone: further treatment of kinetic results. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1451062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Elham Aghdaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shagufta, Ahmad I. Tamoxifen a pioneering drug: An update on the therapeutic potential of tamoxifen derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:515-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Duan X, Bai T, Du J, Kong J. One-pot synthesis of glutathione-responsive amphiphilic drug self-delivery micelles of doxorubicin–disulfide–methoxy polyethylene glycol for tumor therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:39-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel glutathione-responsive amphiphilic drug self-delivery (DSD) micelle with one-pot synthesis to synergistically address the problems of controlled drug release, degradability, drug tracing and in vivo accumulated toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
| | - Ting Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
| | - Junjie Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
| | - Jie Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand Conjugates Incorporating Endoxifen-Combretastatin and Cyclofenil-Combretastatin Hybrid Scaffolds: Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091440. [PMID: 28858267 PMCID: PMC6151695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors such as the estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) modulate the effects of the estrogen hormones and are important targets for design of innovative chemotherapeutic agents for diseases such as breast cancer and osteoporosis. Conjugate and bifunctional compounds which incorporate an ER ligand offer a useful method of delivering cytotoxic drugs to tissue sites such as breast cancers which express ERs. A series of novel conjugate molecules incorporating both the ER ligands endoxifen and cyclofenil-endoxifen hybrids covalently linked to the antimitotic and tubulin targeting agent combretastatin A-4 were synthesised and evaluated as ER ligands. A number of these compounds demonstrated pro-apoptotic effects, with potent antiproliferative activity in ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and low cytotoxicity. These conjugates displayed binding affinity towards ERα and ERβ isoforms at nanomolar concentrations e.g., the cyclofenil-amide compound 13e is a promising lead compound of a clinically relevant ER conjugate with IC50 in MCF-7 cells of 187 nM, and binding affinity to ERα (IC50 = 19 nM) and ERβ (IC50 = 229 nM) while the endoxifen conjugate 16b demonstrates antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 5.7 nM) and binding affinity to ERα (IC50 = 15 nM) and ERβ (IC50 = 115 nM). The ER binding effects are rationalised in a molecular modelling study in which the disruption of the ER helix-12 in the presence of compounds 11e, 13e and 16b is presented These conjugate compounds have potential application for further development as antineoplastic agents in the treatment of ER positive breast cancers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Keely NO, Carr M, Yassin B, Ana G, Lloyd DG, Zisterer D, Meegan MJ. Design, Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand Conjugates Incorporating an Endoxifen-Combretastatin Hybrid Scaffold. Biomedicines 2016; 4:biomedicines4030015. [PMID: 28536383 PMCID: PMC5344255 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-receptors are often overexpressed in tumours and can thereby be used as targets when designing novel selective chemotherapeutic agents. To date, many conjugates incorporating an estrogen receptor (ER) ligand have been synthesised in order to direct chemical agents to tissue sites containing ERs. A series of ER ligand conjugates were synthesised incorporating an antagonistic ER ligand scaffold based on endoxifen, covalently-bound via an amide linkage to a variety of combretastatin-based analogues, which may act as antimitotic agents. These novel endoxifen-combretastatin hybrid scaffold analogues were biochemically evaluated in order to determine their antiproliferative and cytotoxicity effects in both the ER-positive MCF-7 and the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. ER competitive binding assays were carried out to assess the binding affinity of the lead conjugate 28 towards both the ERα and ERβ isoforms. In results from the NCI 60-cell line screen, the lead conjugate 28 displayed potent and highly selective antiproliferative activity towards the MCF-7 human cancer cell line (IC50 = 5 nM). In the ER-binding assays, the lead conjugate 28 demonstrated potent ER competitive binding in ERα (IC50 value: 0.9 nM) and ERβ (IC50 value: 4.7 nM). Preliminary biochemical results also demonstrate that the lead conjugate 28 may exhibit pure antagonism. This series makes an important addition to the class of ER antagonists and may have potential applications in anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall O Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Miriam Carr
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Bassem Yassin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Gloria Ana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang C, Li C, Zhang S, Hu Z, Wu J, Dong C, Huang J, Zhou HB. Novel Bioactive Hybrid Compound Dual Targeting Estrogen Receptor and Histone Deacetylase for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4550-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Silong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chune Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marchal E, Uddin MI, Hawco CL, Thompson A. Synthesis of prodigiosene–estrogen conjugates: optimization of protecting group strategies and anticancer properties. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tripyrrolic prodigiosene skeleton was conjugated to several estrogen ligands. The conjugation was achieved via an ester linker that proved to be unusually sensitive to hydrolysis during synthesis. This work describes the determination of an appropriate protecting group for the hydroxy groups of the estrogen linker. The anticancer properties of the target prodigiosene–estrogen conjugates were evaluated against breast cancer cells and some show selectivity for ER+ breast cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Marchal
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Md. Imam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cassandra L.A. Hawco
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lv W, Liu J, Skaar TC, Flockhart DA, Cushman M. Design and synthesis of norendoxifen analogues with dual aromatase inhibitory and estrogen receptor modulatory activities. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2623-48. [PMID: 25751283 DOI: 10.1021/jm501218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Both selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of breast cancer. Compounds with both aromatase inhibitory and estrogen receptor modulatory activities could have special advantages for treatment of breast cancer. Our previous efforts led to the discovery of norendoxifen as the first compound with dual aromatase inhibitory and estrogen receptor binding activities. To optimize its efficacy and aromatase selectivity versus other cytochrome P450 enzymes, a series of structurally related norendoxifen analogues were designed and synthesized. The most potent compound, 4'-hydroxynorendoxifen (10), displayed elevated inhibitory potency against aromatase and enhanced affinity for estrogen receptors when compared to norendoxifen. The selectivity of 10 for aromatase versus other cytochrome P450 enzymes was also superior to norendoxifen. 4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen is therefore an interesting lead for further development to obtain new anticancer agents of potential value for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- †Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jinzhong Liu
- ‡Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Institute for Personalized Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Todd C Skaar
- ‡Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Institute for Personalized Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - David A Flockhart
- ‡Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Institute for Personalized Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Mark Cushman
- †Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and The Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roman G. Mannich bases in medicinal chemistry and drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:743-816. [PMID: 25462280 PMCID: PMC7115492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of Mannich bases, a structurally heterogeneous class of chemical compounds that are generated from various substrates through the introduction of an aminomethyl function by means of the Mannich reaction, is surveyed, with emphasis on the relationship between structure and biological activity. The review covers extensively the literature reports that have disclosed Mannich bases as anticancer and cytotoxic agents, or compounds with potential antibacterial and antifungal activity in the last decade. The most relevant studies on the activity of Mannich bases as antimycobacterial agents, antimalarials, or antiviral candidates have been included as well. The review contains also a thorough coverage of anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of Mannich bases. In addition, several minor biological activities of Mannich bases, such as their ability to regulate blood pressure or inhibit platelet aggregation, their antiparasitic and anti-ulcer effects, as well as their use as agents for the treatment of mental disorders have been presented. The review gives in the end a brief overview of the potential of Mannich bases as inhibitors of various enzymes or ligands for several receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Roman
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Polymers, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Vodă, Iaşi 700487, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding S, Qiao X, Kucera GL, Bierbach U. Design of a platinum-acridine-endoxifen conjugate targeted at hormone-dependent breast cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2415-7. [PMID: 23416453 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38957j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel pharmacophore comprising a DNA-targeted platinum-acridine hybrid agent and estrogen receptor-targeted 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen (endoxifen) using carbamate coupling chemistry and its evaluation in breast cancer cell lines are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hawco CLA, Marchal E, Uddin MI, Baker AEG, Corkery DP, Dellaire G, Thompson A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of prodigiosene conjugates of porphyrin, estrone and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5995-6002. [PMID: 23958515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To generate the first series of prodigiosene conjugates, the tripyrrolic skeleton was appended to estrone, tamoxifen and porphyrin frameworks by way of ester linkers and various hydrocarbon chain lengths. The ability of the conjugates to inhibit various types of cancer cells was evaluated in vitro. The porphyrin conjugates did not exhibit significant activity. The estrone conjugates exhibited modest activity, for the most part. However, significantly greater growth inhibition activity against certain breast, colon, lung, leukemia, melanoma and prostate cell lines was noted. This unusual effect for this first generation model class of compound warrants further investigation and comparison to cases where estrogens are linked to prodigiosenes via connection points that do not feature in estrogen receptor binding. The 4-hydroxytamoxifen conjugates exhibit nanomolar range activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, paving the way to expand the scope and connectivity of prodigiosene-tamoxifen conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L A Hawco
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gryder BE, Rood MK, Johnson KA, Patil V, Raftery ED, Yao LPD, Rice M, Azizi B, Doyle DF, Oyelere AK. Histone deacetylase inhibitors equipped with estrogen receptor modulation activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5782-96. [PMID: 23786452 DOI: 10.1021/jm400467w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a set of novel histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) equipped with either an antagonist or an agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER) to confer selective activity against breast cancers. These bifunctional compounds potently inhibit HDAC at nanomolar concentrations and either agonize or antagonize ERα and ERβ. The ER antagonist activities of tamoxifen-HDACi conjugates (Tam-HDACi) are nearly identical to those of tamoxifen. Conversely, ethynyl-estradiol-HDACi conjugates (EED-HDACi) have attenuated ER agonist activities relative to the parent ethynyl-estradiol. In silico docking analysis provides structural basis for the trends of ER agonism/antagonism and ER subtype selectivity. Excitingly, lead Tam-HDACi conjugates show anticancer activity that is selectively more potent against MCF-7 (ERα positive breast cancer) compared to MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer), DU145 (prostate cancer), or Vero (noncancerous cell line). This dual-targeting approach illustrates the utility of designing small molecules with an emphasis on cell-type selectivity, not merely improved potency, working toward a higher therapeutic index at the earliest stages of drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berkley E Gryder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hanson RN, Hua E, Labaree D, Hochberg RB, Proffitt K, Essigmann JM, Croy RG. Convergent synthesis of a steroidal antiestrogen-mitomycin C hybrid using "click" chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8501-8. [PMID: 23007562 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of a novel estrogen receptor-targeted drug hybrid was developed based on structures of the potent anti-proliferative mitomycin C and the steroidal anti-estrogen RU 39411. The steroidal antiestrogen was prepared with an azido-triethylene glycoloxy linker while the mitomycin C derivative (porfirimycin) incorporated a complementary 7-N-terminal alkyne. The two components were ligated using the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition ("click") reaction. Preliminary biological assays demonstrated that the final hybrid compound retained both potent anti-estrogenic and anti-proliferative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roca-Alonso L, Pellegrino L, Castellano L, Stebbing J. Breast cancer treatment and adverse cardiac events: what are the molecular mechanisms? Cardiology 2012; 122:253-9. [PMID: 22907032 DOI: 10.1159/000339858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity associated with breast cancer treatment is an important concern in the oncology clinic. Different types of anti-cancer therapies have recorded high rates of cardiac dysfunction in treated patients. Cardiac dysfunction linked to anthracyclines--one of the most common conventional chemotherapies--has extensively been described and several mechanisms have been proposed, although their mode of action is not fully understood even in cancer cells. The mediation of cardiac damage by reactive oxygen species stress is a recent hypothesis that has attracted a lot of interest, since it might explain the tissue-specific toxic effects of anthracyclines in the heart. Regarding molecular targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2+ tumours (e.g., trastuzumab, lapatinib), it is the blockage of survival pathways required for a normal heart development and function that seems to lead to cardiac pathology. Both types of breast cancer treatment appear to trigger cardiotoxicity synergically, being patients under adjuvant therapy closely monitored. Given the complex nature of heart failure and of the pathways altered by anti-cancer drugs, global gene expression regulation is key in the heart disease process. MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to be small molecules with big roles as essential gene expression modulators. The great potential of microRNAs as biomarkers in the cardio-oncology field needs to be further explored before new microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools can be developed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dao KL, Sawant RR, Hendricks JA, Ronga V, Torchilin VP, Hanson RN. Design, synthesis, and initial biological evaluation of a steroidal anti-estrogen-doxorubicin bioconjugate for targeting estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:785-95. [PMID: 22404783 DOI: 10.1021/bc200645n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of our program to develop breast cancer specific therapeutic agents, we have synthesized a conjugate agent that is a conjugate of the steroidal anti-estrogen and the potent cytotoxin doxorubicin. In this effort, we employed a modular assembly approach to prepare a novel 11β-substituted steroidal anti-estrogen functionalized with an azido-tetraethylene glycol moiety, which could be coupled to a complementary doxorubicin benzoyl hydrazone functionalized with a propargyl tetraethylene glycol moiety. Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry gave the final hybrid that was evaluated for selective uptake and cytotoxicity in ER(+)-MCF-7 and ER(-)-MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that the presence of the anti-estrogenic component in the hybrid compound was critical for selectivity and cytotoxicity in ER(+)-MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as the hybrid was ~70-fold more potent than doxorubicin in inhibition of cell proliferation and promoting cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinh-Luan Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of estradiol linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2565-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Yaya AR, Touaibia M, Massarweh G, Rochon FD, Breau L. Synthesis of 17 alpha-substituted ethynylestradiols: potential ligands for drug vectors. Steroids 2010; 75:489-98. [PMID: 20302883 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
17alpha-substituted ethynylestradiols, derived from estrone, were converted to their corresponding 17 alpha-(bromo- or iodo-propargyl)estrone intermediates. Nucleophilic substitution onto these moieties with malonate diester followed by hydrolysis and complexation with cis-Pt(Me(2)en)I(2) (Me(2)en=N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) gave cis-Pt(Me(2)en)(2-(3-(17beta-estradiol-17 alpha-yl)-prop-2-ynyl)malonato) 7, thus demonstrating that these estrogen-derived compounds can be used to synthesize stable Pt(II) complexes. The 3-(17beta-estradiol-17 alpha-yl)-prop-2-ynyl-1-sulfanylethylthiol 23 was also prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amadou R Yaya
- Département de Chimie, PharmaQAM, NanoQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao YJ, Wei W, Su ZG, Ma GH. Poly (ethylene glycol) prodrug for anthracyclines via N-Mannich base linker: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
30
|
Olano C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Antitumor compounds from actinomycetes: from gene clusters to new derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:628-60. [PMID: 19387499 DOI: 10.1039/b822528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to October 2008. Antitumor compounds produced by actinomycetes and novel derivatives generated by combinatorial biosynthesis are reviewed (with 318 references cited.) The different structural groups for which the relevant gene clusters have been isolated and characterized are reviewed, with a description of the strategies used for the generation of the novel derivatives and the activities of these compounds against tumor cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Olano
- Departamento de Biología Funcional and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A.), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu HL, Jiang H, Wang XM, Chen BA. Detection and distinguishability of leukemia cancer cells based on Au nanoparticles modified electrodes. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
32
|
Sun D, Sharma AK, Dellinger RW, Blevins-Primeau AS, Balliet RM, Chen G, Boyiri T, Amin S, Lazarus P. Glucuronidation of active tamoxifen metabolites by the human UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:2006-14. [PMID: 17664247 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.017145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen that has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in women. One of the major mechanisms of metabolism and elimination of TAM and its major active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) and 4-OH-N-desmethyl-TAM (endoxifen; 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen) is via glucuronidation. Although limited studies have been performed characterizing the glucuronidation of 4-OH-TAM, no studies have been performed on endoxifen. In the present study, characterization of the glucuronidating activities of human UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) against isomers of 4-OH-TAM and endoxifen was performed. Using homogenates of individual UGT-overexpressing cell lines, UGTs 2B7 approximately 1A8 > UGT1A10 exhibited the highest overall O-glucuronidating activity against trans-4-OH-TAM as determined by Vmax/K(M), with the hepatic enzyme UGT2B7 exhibiting the highest binding affinity and lowest K(M) (3.7 microM). As determined by Vmax/K(M), UGT1A10 exhibited the highest overall O-glucuronidating activity against cis-4-OH-TAM, 10-fold higher than the next-most active UGTs 1A1 and 2B7, but with UGT1A7 exhibiting the lowest K(M). Although both N- and O-glucuronidation occurred for 4-OH-TAM in human liver microsomes, only O-glucuronidating activity was observed for endoxifen; no endoxifen-N-glucuronidation was observed for any UGT tested. UGTs 1A10 approximately 1A8 > UGT2B7 exhibited the highest overall glucuronidating activities as determined by Vmax/K(M) for trans-endoxifen, with the extrahepatic enzyme UGT1A10 exhibiting the highest binding affinity and lowest K(M) (39.9 microM). Similar to that observed for cis-4-OH-TAM, UGT1A10 also exhibited the highest activity for cis-endoxifen. These data suggest that several UGTs, including UGTs 1A10, 2B7, and 1A8 play an important role in the metabolism of 4-OH-TAM and endoxifen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Sun
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Penn State Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simplício AL, Clancy JM, Gilmer JF. β-Aminoketones as prodrugs with pH-controlled activation. Int J Pharm 2007; 336:208-14. [PMID: 17197138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Mannich bases have been widely applied as prodrugs of amine drugs. The analogous C-Mannich bases (beta-aminoketones) have received rather less attention probably because they are not sufficiently susceptible to elimination at pHs encountered in vivo. Compounds in which there is a thermodynamic advantage to elimination may be an exception. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of a series of Michael amino addition adducts of chalcone and other carbonyl compounds is explored. The ketone adducts rapidly eliminate at around pH 7.4 (t(1/2) < 15 min) releasing the amine and the ketone but they are stable under acidic conditions. The Michael adducts are more lipophilic than the parent amines and have significantly suppressed ionisation characteristics at biologically relevant pH values.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cutts SM, Swift LP, Pillay V, Forrest RA, Nudelman A, Rephaeli A, Phillips DR. Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde-releasing prodrug pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1450-9. [PMID: 17431124 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The anthracycline group of compounds is extensively used in current cancer chemotherapy regimens and is classified as topoisomerase II inhibitor. However, previous work has shown that doxorubicin can be activated to form DNA adducts in the presence of formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs and that this leads to apoptosis independently of topoisomerase II-mediated damage. To determine which anthracyclines would be useful in combination with formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs, a series of clinically relevant anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin) were examined for their capacity to form DNA adducts in MCF7 and MCF7/Dx (P-glycoprotein overexpressing) cells in the presence of the formaldehyde-releasing drug pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-9). All anthracyclines, with the exception of epirubicin, efficiently yielded adducts in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, and levels of adducts were similar in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Idarubicin was the most active compound in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, whereas adducts formed by doxorubicin and daunorubicin were consistently lower in the resistant compared with sensitive cells. The adducts formed by doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin showed the same DNA sequence specificity in sensitive and resistant cells as assessed by lambda-exonuclease-based sequencing of alpha-satellite DNA extracted from drug-treated cells. Growth inhibition assays were used to show that doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin were all synergistic in combination with AN-9, whereas the combination of epirubicin with AN-9 was additive. Although apoptosis assays indicated a greater than additive effect for epirubicin/AN-9 combinations, this effect was much more pronounced for doxorubicin/AN-9 combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ahmed N, Dubuc C, Rousseau J, Bénard F, van Lier JE. Synthesis, characterization, and estrogen receptor binding affinity of flavone-, indole-, and furan-estradiol conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3212-6. [PMID: 17379515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different flavone-, indole-, and furan-17beta-estradiol conjugates, linked via alkyl spacer chains extending from the 17alpha-position of the estradiol moiety, were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Structures were assigned based on spectroscopic data. In vitro competitive binding assays for the estrogen receptor (alpha-ER), using [(3)H]estradiol (RBA=100) as a competitor, revealed that a two-carbon alkyl linker combined with a flavone conjugate provided the highest binding affinity (RBA approximately 9), warranting further studies on their potential use as selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) for hormone-replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Ahmed
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Anthracycline–Formaldehyde Conjugates and Their Targeted Prodrugs. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007; 283:141-70. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Li J, Wu C, Gao F, Zhang R, Lv G, Fu D, Chen B, Wang X. In vitro study of drug accumulation in cancer cells via specific association with CdS nanoparticles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4808-12. [PMID: 16844372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel approach to enhance the efficient accumulation and utilization of anticancer drug daunorubicin on cancer cells through the combination with CdS nanoparticles. Our observations using confocal fluorescence scanning microscopy as well as electrochemical analysis methods demonstrate that CdS nanoparticles can readily bind with daunorubicin on the external membrane of the targeted cells and facilitate the uptake of drug molecules in the human leukemia K562 cells. Besides, our results also indicate that the competitive binding of CdS nanoparticles with accompanying anticancer drug to the membrane of leukemia K562 cells could efficiently prevent the drug release by the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant leukemia cells and thus inhibit the possible multidrug resistance of cancer cells, which could be further utilized to improve the future drug efficiency in respective tumor chemotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung WU Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Feick P, Haas SRL, Singer MV, Böcker U. Low-dose exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to formaldehyde results in MAP kinase activation and molecular alteration of the focal adhesion protein paxillin. Toxicology 2005; 219:60-72. [PMID: 16352387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 10/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential pathophysiological role of non-lethal formaldehyde concentrations on human intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells. Expression levels of actin, tubulin and detectable cytokeratin isoforms 5, 13, 18, 19 and 20 were not affected after 24h of exposure to 1mM formaldehyde. By contrast, cellular organization of cytoskeletal constituents was already changed after 60 min. Within 15 min, formaldehyde induced profound tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion protein paxillin and of proteins at about 120-130 kDa. Concomitantly, phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and p38 MAP kinase occurred. Paxillin was not only tyrosine phosphorylated but underwent a sustained molecular weight shift representing serine/threonine phosphorylation that was independent of MAP kinase activity and EGF-R-mediated signalling. Our data show that exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to low-dose formaldehyde is followed by rapid and profound signalling events. The data suggest a modifier role of environmental or endogenous formaldehyde for epithelial cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Feick
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology/Hepatology/Infectious Diseases), Centre of Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ali H, Ahmed N, Tessier G, van Lier JE. Synthesis and biological activities of nucleoside-estradiol conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:317-9. [PMID: 16275069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides were coupled to estradiol via a 17alpha-ethynyl spacer group using Pd(II) as a catalyst. The conjugates were evaluated in vitro for estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinity and cytotoxicity against cell lines with and without ER. The highest receptor binding affinities (RBA approximately 3) were observed with conjugates coupled via a relative long spacer group, while none of the conjugates exhibited cytotoxicity against either cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasrat Ali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Doxorubicin (trade name Adriamycin) is a widely used anticancer agent which exhibits good activity against a wide range of tumors. Although the major mode of action appears to be normally as a topoisomerase II poison, it also exhibits a number of other cellular responses, one of which is the ability to form adducts with DNA. For adduct formation doxorubicin must react with cellular formaldehyde to form an activated Schiff base which is then able to form an aminal (N-C-N) linkage to the exocyclic amino group of guanine residues. The mono-adducts form primarily at G of 5'-GCN-3' sequences where the chromophore of the drug is intercalated between the C and N base pair. The structure of the adducts has have been well defined by 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. The formation of these anthracycline adducts in cells grown in culture has been unequivocally demonstrated. The source of formaldehyde in cells can be endogenous, provided by coadministration of prodrugs that release formaldehyde or by prior complexation of anthracyclines with formaldehyde. Since the adducts appear to be more cytotoxic than doxorubicin alone, and also less susceptible to drug-efflux forms of resistance, they offer new approaches to improving the anticancer activity of the anthracyclines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gagnon V, St-Germain ME, Descôteaux C, Provencher-Mandeville J, Parent S, Mandal SK, Asselin E, Bérubé G. Biological evaluation of novel estrogen-platinum(II) hybrid molecules on uterine and ovarian cancers—molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5919-24. [PMID: 15501069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 09/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported the synthesis of a series of original 17beta-estradiol-linked platinum(II) hybrid molecules. The biological activity of these compounds was evaluated in vitro on estrogen dependent and independent (ER(+) and ER(-)) human uterine and ovarian cancers. The hybrid molecules present higher affinity than that of 17beta-estradiol for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). The cytotoxicity and the affinity of the hybrid molecules are explained using molecular modeling analysis. This study further confirms that the derivatives made of a 2-(2'-aminoethyl)pyridine ligand displayed superior activity against the cell lines particularly when the connecting arm is 8-10 carbon atoms long. Molecular modeling shows that a long side chain can facilitate the access of the platinum(II) moiety to DNA. The novel compounds also prove to be moderately cytotoxic against platinum resistant endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Gagnon
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, GRBCM, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Burkhart DJ, Kalet BT, Coleman MP, Post GC, Koch TH. Doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugates targeting αvβ3 integrin. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.1593.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of a prodrug to a doxorubicin active metabolite. Under physiologic conditions, release of the active metabolite, a conjugate of doxorubicin with formaldehyde, occurs with a half-life of 1 hour. To direct this prodrug to tumor, we designed two conjugates of the prodrug, doxsaliform, with the αvβ3-targeting peptides, CDCRGDCFC (RGD-4C) and cyclic-(N-Me-VRGDf) (Cilengitide). We now report the synthesis of these doxsaliform-peptide conjugates and their evaluation using MDA-MB-435 cancer cells. A hydroxylamine ether tether was used to attach 5″-formyldoxsaliform to RGD-4C in its acyclic form via an oxime functional group. The construct acyclic-RGD-4C-doxsaliform showed good binding affinity for αvβ3 in the vitronection cell adhesion assay (IC50 = 10 nmol/L) and good growth inhibition of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 50 nmol/L). In its bicyclic forms, RGD-4C showed less affinity for αvβ3 and significantly less water solubility. Cyclic-(N-Me-VRGDf) was modified by substitution of d-4-aminophenylalanine for d-phenylalanine to provide a novel attachment point for doxsaliform. The conjugate, cyclic-(N-Me-VRGDf-NH)-doxsaliform, maintained a high affinity for αvβ3 (IC50 = 5 nmol/L) in the vitronectin cell adhesion assay relative to the peptide bearing only the tether (0.5 nmol/L). The IC50 for growth inhibition of MDA-MB-435 cells was 90 nmol/L. Flow cytometry and growth inhibition experiments suggest that the complete drug construct does not penetrate through the plasma membrane, but the active metabolite does on release from the targeting group. These drug conjugates could have significantly reduced side effects and are promising candidates for in vivo evaluation in tumor-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Burkhart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Brian T. Kalet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Michael P. Coleman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Glen C. Post
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tad H. Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Minotti G, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Cairo G, Gianni L. Anthracyclines: Molecular Advances and Pharmacologic Developments in Antitumor Activity and Cardiotoxicity. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56:185-229. [PMID: 15169927 DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2591] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of anthracyclines like doxorubicin and daunorubicin can be viewed as a sort of double-edged sword. On the one hand, anthracyclines play an undisputed key role in the treatment of many neoplastic diseases; on the other hand, chronic administration of anthracyclines induces cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure usually refractory to common medications. Second-generation analogs like epirubicin or idarubicin exhibit improvements in their therapeutic index, but the risk of inducing cardiomyopathy is not abated. It is because of their janus behavior (activity in tumors vis-à-vis toxicity in cardiomyocytes) that anthracyclines continue to attract the interest of preclinical and clinical investigations despite their longer-than-40-year record of longevity. Here we review recent progresses that may serve as a framework for reappraising the activity and toxicity of anthracyclines on basic and clinical pharmacology grounds. We review 1) new aspects of anthracycline-induced DNA damage in cancer cells; 2) the role of iron and free radicals as causative factors of apoptosis or other forms of cardiac damage; 3) molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxic synergism between anthracyclines and other anticancer agents; 4) the pharmacologic rationale and clinical recommendations for using cardioprotectants while not interfering with tumor response; 5) the development of tumor-targeted anthracycline formulations; and 6) the designing of third-generation analogs and their assessment in preclinical or clinical settings. An overview of these issues confirms that anthracyclines remain "evergreen" drugs with broad clinical indications but have still an improvable therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Minotti
- G. d'Annunzio University School of Medicine, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, Room 412, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|