1
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Abdelkhalek AS, Attia MS, Kamal MA. Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives: An Updated Review on Recent Advances in Synthesis, Biological Activities and Drug Delivery Aspects. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1896-1919. [PMID: 36852819 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230228120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecules containing triazolopyrimidine core showed diverse biological activities, including anti-Alzheimer's, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-parkinsonism, and anti-glaucoma activities. Triazolopyrimidines have 8 isomeric structures, including the most stable 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a] pyrimidine ones. Triazolopyrimidines were obtained by using various chemical reactions, including a) 1,2,4-triazole nucleus annulation to pyrimidine, b) pyrimidines annulation to 1,2,4-triazole structure, c) 1,2,4-triazolo[l,5-a] pyrimidines rearrangement, and d) pyrimidotetrazine rearrangement. This review discusses synthetic methods, recent pharmacological actions and drug delivery perspectives of triazolopyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelkhalek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Birulia, Bangladesh
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
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2
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Siutkina A, Kalinina S, Liu R, Heitman LH, Junker A, Daniliuc CG, Kalinin DV. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Structure, and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Novel 6-Methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14097-14112. [PMID: 37091407 PMCID: PMC10116508 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose the microwave-assisted synthesis of previously unreported 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines, whose purine-like scaffold is promising for drug discovery. The method is simple, fast, and relies on easily accessible reagents such as trimethyl orthoformate, acetic acid, and aminotriazole-derived N,N'-disubstituted formamidines. The preliminary biological evaluation revealed that selected representatives of synthesized 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines dose-dependently reduce the viability of HepG2 and A549 cancer cells having little to no influence on five tested purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena
I. Siutkina
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Svetlana Kalinina
- Institute
of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Drug Discovery
and Safety, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Drug Discovery
and Safety, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Junker
- European
Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- . Tel.: +49-2-51-83-33372
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3
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Zhong Z, He X, Ge J, Zhu J, Yao C, Cai H, Ye XY, Xie T, Bai R. Discovery of small-molecule compounds and natural products against Parkinson's disease: Pathological mechanism and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Singh S, Mandal MK, Masih A, Saha A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. 1,3,5-Triazine: A versatile pharmacophore with diverse biological activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000363. [PMID: 33760298 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and its derivatives have been the epicenter of chemotherapeutic molecules due to their effective biological activities, such as antibacterial, fungicidal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, and antitubercular activities. The present review represents a summarized report of the crucial biological activities possessed by substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, with special attention to the most potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan K Mandal
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Masih
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Reddy GL, Sarma R, Liu S, Huang W, Lei J, Fu J, Hu W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel scaffold benzo[4,5]imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-1-amine: Towards adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A AR) antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113040. [PMID: 33316692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of adenosine receptor are under exploration as potential drug candidates for treatment of neurological disorders, depression, certain cancers and potentially used as a cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we describe design and synthesis of novel scaffold benzo[4,5]imidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-1-amine (6) derivatives. All the compounds were evaluated for A2A AR antagonist activity and displayed encouraging results (IC50 9-300 nM) of A2A AR antagonist binding affinity in biochemical assay. Compound 27 exhibits good activity in A2A AR antagonist cAMP functional assay (IC50 31 nM) and further this compound shows T-cell activation at the IL-2 production assay (EC50 165 nM). Molecular docking studies were carried out to rationalize the observed binding affinity of compound 27.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lakshma Reddy
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rupam Sarma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Chemistry, Nalbari College, Assam, 781335, India
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinping Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiasheng Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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6
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Pandey YK, Mishra A, Rai P, Singh J, Singh J, Singh RK. DBU Catalysis: An Efficient Synthetic Strategy for 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4- triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:73-80. [PMID: 32103720 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666191216123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES An efficient and facile DBU catalysed synthesis of highly significant motif 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines under solvent-free condition has been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS To a round bottom flask, 1.0 mmol of chalcone (1), 1.5 mmol of 3-amino-1,2,4- triazole (2) and 30 mol% of DBU were added at 70 °C and stirred in solvent-free condition. After the completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), water (10 ml) was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ×10 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The combined organic layers were evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting crude product was purified by column chromatography by using ethyl acetate and hexane as eluent. RESULTS Reaction using chalcone and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole as model substrates were carried out under different reaction conditions and it was observed that 30 mol% of DBU under the solvent-free condition at 70 °C was the optimum temperature for the proposed synthesis. CONCLUSION Use of DBU (an organocatalyst) as a base, operational simplicity, high yield of products and short reaction time are some of the significant advantages associated with the proposed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Pandey
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Anu Mishra
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Pratibha Rai
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, LRPG College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Ramendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
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7
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Aparna EP, Devaky KS. Advances in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:35-68. [PMID: 30607935 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the existing synthetic approaches for the solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of differently substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives. These synthetic strategies are classified on the basis of the different synthetic routes leading to the particular type of pyrimidine heterocycle formed. The Review discusses the application of a variety of polystyrene derived supports for the construction of pyrimidine rings. The effect of microwave heating on the solid-phase synthesis is also addressed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Aparna
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - K. S. Devaky
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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8
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Nguyen HH, Kim MB, Wilson RJ, Butch CJ, Kuo KM, Miller EJ, Tahirovic YA, Jecs E, Truax VM, Wang T, Sum CS, Cvijic ME, Schroeder GM, Wilson LJ, Liotta DC. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Second-Generation Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based CXCR4 Antagonists with Favorable ADME Properties. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7168-7188. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huy H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michelle B. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher J. Butch
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Katie M. Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eric J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yesim A. Tahirovic
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Edgars Jecs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Valarie M. Truax
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chi S. Sum
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mary E. Cvijic
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gretchen M. Schroeder
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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9
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Savateev KV, Ulomsky EN, Butorin II, Charushin VN, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Azoloazines as A2a receptor antagonists. Structure–activity relationship. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Saundane AR, Halu A, Kirankumar NM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel indole analogues containing triazolopyrimidine moiety. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Design, synthesis and anti-diabetic activity of triazolotriazine derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:345-358. [PMID: 28302310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major global metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia. Inhibition of the enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been proved as successful and safe therapy for the treatment of T2DM since last decade. In order to design novel DPP-4 inhibitors, various in silico studies such as 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening were performed and on the basis of the combined results of them, total 50 triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives were designed and mapped on the best pharmacophore model. From this, best 25 derivatives were docked onto the active site of DPP-4 enzyme and in silico ADMET properties were also predicted. Finally, top 17 derivatives were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, Mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Purity of compounds was checked using HPLC. These derivatives were then evaluated for in vitro DPP-4 inhibition. The most promising compound 15q showed 28.05μM DPP-4 IC50 with 8-10-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 so selected for further in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation. During OGTT in normal C57BL/6J mice, compound 15q reduced blood glucose excursion in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic treatment for 28days with compound 15q improved the serum glucose levels in type 2 diabetic Sprague Dawley rats wherein diabetes was induced by high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. This suggested that compound 15q is a moderately potent and selective hit molecule which can be further optimized structurally to increase the efficacy and overall pharmacological profile as DPP-4 inhibitor.
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12
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Pitta E, Balabon O, Rogacki MK, Gómez J, Cunningham F, Joosens J, Augustyns K, van der Veken P, Bates R. Differential characterization using readily accessible NMR experiments of novel N- and O-alkylated quinolin-4-ol, 1,5-naphthyridin-4-ol and quinazolin-4-ol derivatives with antimycobacterial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:890-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Preti D, Baraldi PG, Moorman AR, Borea PA, Varani K. History and perspectives of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:790-848. [PMID: 25821194 DOI: 10.1002/med.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence emphasizes that the purine nucleoside adenosine plays an active role as a local regulator in different pathologies. Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside involved in various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). At the present time, the role of A2A ARs is well known in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies, including inflammatory tissue damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the use of selective A2A antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, A2A AR signal transduction pathways, together with an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of A2A antagonists, and their corresponding pharmacological roles and therapeutic potential have been presented. The initial results from an emerging polypharmacological approach are also analyzed. This approach is based on the optimization of the affinity and/or functional activity of the examined compounds toward multiple targets, such as A1 /A2A ARs and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), both closely implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Zavodskaya AV, Bakharev VV, Parfenov VE, Gidaspov AA, Slepukhin PA, Isenov ML, Eltsov OS. Synthesis of new 5-aza-isosteres of guanine containing aryl and hetaryl substituents on the 1,2,4-triazole ring. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Lim FPL, Dolzhenko AV. 1,3,5-Triazine-based analogues of purine: From isosteres to privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:371-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Bakharev VV, Parfenov VE, Ul'yankina IV, Zavodskaya AV, Selezneva EV, Gidaspov AA, Eltsov OS, Slepukhin PA. Synthesis of new 5-aza-isosteres of guanine—5-aminosubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazin-7-ones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Federico S, Ciancetta A, Porta N, Redenti S, Pastorin G, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Moro S, Spalluto G. Scaffold Decoration at Positions 5 and 8 of 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-c]Pyrimidines to Explore the Antagonist Profiling on Adenosine Receptors: A Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationship Study. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6210-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500752h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular
Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Porta
- Molecular
Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Redenti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karl Norbert Klotz
- Institut
für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher
Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular
Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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18
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de Lera Ruiz M, Lim YH, Zheng J. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3623-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4011669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Department
of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yeon-Hee Lim
- Department
of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Junying Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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19
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Bacilieri M, Ciancetta A, Paoletta S, Federico S, Cosconati S, Cacciari B, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, Klotz KN, Spalluto G, Moro S. Revisiting a receptor-based pharmacophore hypothesis for human A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1620-37. [PMID: 23705857 DOI: 10.1021/ci300615u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of both structure- and ligand-based design approaches represents to date one of the most useful strategies in the discovery of new drug candidates. In the present paper, we investigated how the application of docking-driven conformational analysis can improve the predictive ability of 3D-QSAR statistical models. With the use of the crystallographic structure in complex with the high affinity antagonist ZM 241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]-triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol), we revisited a general pharmacophore hypothesis for the human A(2A) adenosine receptor of a set of 751 known antagonists, by applying an integrated ligand- and structure-based approach. Our novel pharmacophore hypothesis has been validated by using an external test set of 29 newly synthesized human adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bacilieri
- Molecular Modeling Section-MMS, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
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20
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Špulák M, Novák Z, Palát K, Kuneš J, Pourová J, Pour M. The unambiguous synthesis and NMR assignment of 4-alkoxy and 3-alkylquinazolines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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22
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Three practical approaches for the synthesis of novel 4,7-dihetarylpyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Lipson VV, Svetlichnaya NV, Borodina VV, Shirobokova MG, Desenko SM, Musatov VI, Shishkina SV, Shishkin OV, Zubatyuk RI. Formylation of 4,7-Dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines Using Vilsmeier-Haack Conditions. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliya V. Svetlichnaya
- Antidiabetic Drug Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Department, State Institution; “V.Ya. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems” of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61002; Ukraine
| | - Victoria V. Borodina
- Antidiabetic Drug Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Department, State Institution; “V.Ya. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems” of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61002; Ukraine
| | - Maria G. Shirobokova
- Antidiabetic Drug Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Department, State Institution; “V.Ya. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems” of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61002; Ukraine
| | - Sergey M. Desenko
- Division of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Scientific Institution; “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61001; Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I. Musatov
- Division of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Scientific Institution; “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61001; Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V. Shishkina
- Division of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Scientific Institution; “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61001; Ukraine
| | - Oleg V. Shishkin
- Division of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Scientific Institution; “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61001; Ukraine
| | - Roman I. Zubatyuk
- Division of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Scientific Institution; “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Kharkov; 61001; Ukraine
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24
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Wang T, Xu XM, Ke XX, Liu XY, Luo J, Yi BX. Iminophosphorane-Mediated Efficient Synthesis of New Fluorine-Containing Triazolo[4,5- d]Pyrimidin-7-Ones. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2011.590169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xi-Xian Ke
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xue-Ying Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Jin Luo
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Bei-Xin Yi
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
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25
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Wang T, Ke XX, Zhou ST, Chen HZ. New Efficient Synthesis of 5,6-Disubstituted-3-phenyl-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ones via a Tandem Aza-Wittig Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.535940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Small Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xi Xian Ke
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Small Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Shui Tao Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Small Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Hui Zong Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Small Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
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26
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Desai NC, Shihora PN, Rajpara KM, Joshi VV, Vaghani HV, Satodiya HM, Dodiya AM. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel naphthalene-based 1,2,4-triazoles. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Sieser JE, Singer RA, McKinley JD, Bourassa DE, Teixeira JJ, Long J. Synthesis of a Bicyclic Piperazine from l-Aspartic Acid and Application of a Fluoride-Promoted SNAr Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op2001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice E. Sieser
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert A. Singer
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason D. McKinley
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dennis E. Bourassa
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John J. Teixeira
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James Long
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
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28
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Federico S, Paoletta S, Cheong SL, Pastorin G, Cacciari B, Stragliotto S, Klotz KN, Siegel J, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Moro S, Spalluto G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazines as human A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists with improved water solubility. J Med Chem 2011; 54:877-89. [PMID: 21214204 PMCID: PMC3578427 DOI: 10.1021/jm101349u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine derivatives related to ZM241385 as antagonists of the A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) was explored through the synthesis of analogues substituted at the 5 position. The A(2A) AR X-ray structure was used to propose a structural basis for the activity and selectivity of the analogues and to direct the synthetic design strategy to provide access to solvent-exposed regions. Thus, we have identified a point of substitution for the attachment of solubilizing groups to enhance both aqueous solubility and physicochemical properties, maintaining potent interactions with the A(2A) AR and, in some cases, receptor subtype selectivity. Among the most potent and selective novel compounds were a long-chain ether-containing amine congener 20 (K(i) 11.5 nM) and its urethane-protected derivative 14 (K(i) 17.8 nM). Compounds 20 and 31 (K(i) 11.5 and 16.9 nM, respectively) were readily water-soluble up to 10 mM. The analogues were docked in the crystallographic structure of the hA(2A) AR and in a homology model of the hA(3) AR, and the per residue electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to the binding were assessed and stabilizing factors were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Stragliotto
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Karl Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Siegel
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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29
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Press NJ, Gessi S, Borea PA, Polosa R. Therapeutic potential of adenosine receptor antagonists and agonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 17:979-91. [PMID: 20144084 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.8.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3)) are important and ubiquitous mediators of cellular signalling, which play vital roles in protecting tissues and organs from damage. Launched drugs include the adenosine receptor antagonists theophylline and doxofylline (both used as bronchodilators in respiratory disorders such as asthma), while several compounds are presently in clinical trials for a range of indications, including heart failure, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, pain and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A host of companies and institutions are addressing the huge potential for the development of selective adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, so that it appears we are on the verge of a new wave of compounds approaching the market for many unmet medical needs. This review presents an analysis of the patenting activity in the area for 2006 and an interpretation and reflection on the developments that we can expect in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Press
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, UK
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30
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Pastorin G, Federico S, Paoletta S, Corradino M, Cateni F, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G, Moro S. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a new series of 5,7-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists: A preliminary inspection of ligand-receptor recognition process. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2524-36. [PMID: 20304654 PMCID: PMC3106415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new series of triazolotriazines variously substituted at the C5 and N7 (5-25) positions was synthesized and fully characterized at the four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes. In particular, arylacetyl or arylcarbamoyl moieties were introduced at the N7 position, which enhanced affinity at the hA(2B) and hA(3) ARs, respectively, when utilized on the pyrazolo-triazolopyrimidine nucleus as we reported in the past. In general, compounds with a free amino group at the 7 position (5, 6), showed good affinity at the rat (r) A(2A) AR (range 18.3-96.5nM), while the introduction of a phenylcarbamoyl moiety at the N7 position (12, 19, 24) slightly increased the affinity at the hA(3) AR (range 311-633nM) with respect to the unsubstituted derivatives. The binding profiles of the synthesized analogues seemed to correlate with the substitutions at the C5 and N7 positions. At the hA(2B) AR, derivative 5, which contained a free amino group at the 7 position, was the most potent (EC(50) 3.42microM) and could represent a starting point for searching new non-xanthine hA(2B) AR antagonists. Molecular models of the rA(2A) and hA(3) ARs were constructed by homology to the recently reported crystallographic structure of the hA(2A) AR. A preliminary receptor-driven structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on the analysis of antagonist docking has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S4, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Corradino
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Cateni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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31
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Goddard WA, Kim SK, Li Y, Trzaskowski B, Griffith AR, Abrol R. Predicted 3D structures for adenosine receptors bound to ligands: comparison to the crystal structure. J Struct Biol 2010; 170:10-20. [PMID: 20079848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are therapeutic targets for many diseases, but progress in developing active and selective therapeutics has been severely hampered by the difficulty in obtaining accurate structures. We have been developing methods for predicting the structures for GPCR ligand complexes, but validation has been hampered by a lack of experimental structures with which to compare our predictions. We report here the predicted structures of the human adenosine GPCR subtypes (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)) and the binding sites for adenosine agonist and eight antagonists to this predicted structure, making no use of structural data, and compare with recent experimental crystal structure for ZM241385 bound human A(2A) receptor. The predicted structure correctly identifies 9 of the 12 crystal binding site residues. Moreover, the predicted binding energies of eight antagonists to the predicted structure of A(2A) correlate quite well with experiment. These excellent predictions resulted when we used Monte Carlo techniques to optimize the loop structures, particularly the cysteine linkages. Ignoring these linkages led to a much worse predicted binding site (identifying only 3 of the 12 important residues). These results indicate that computational methods can predict the three-dimensional structure of GPCR membrane proteins sufficiently accurately for use in designing subtype selective ligands for important GPCR therapeutics targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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32
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MA Z, YAN G, ZHU S, YANG G, LUO D. Cyclocondensation Reations of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole with 3-(Benzylidene)-6-fluoro-thiochroman-4-ones to Tetracyclically Fused Dihydropyrimidines and Pyrimidines. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The development of potent and selective agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors (ARs) has been a target of medicinal chemistry research for several decades, and recently the US Food and Drug Administration has approved Lexiscan, an adenosine derivative substituted at the 2 position, for use as a pharmacologic stress agent in radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging. Currently, some other adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)AR) agonists and antagonists are undergoing preclinical testing and clinical trials. While agonists are potent antiinflammatory agents also showing hypotensive effects, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.However, since there are still major problems in this field, including side effects, low brain penetration (for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half-life, or lack of in vivo effects, the design and development of new AR ligands is a hot research topic.This review presents an update on the medicinal chemistry of A(2A)AR agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the human A(2A)AR subtype, in particular in the case of agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cristalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
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34
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Dolzhenko AV, Pastorin G, Dolzhenko AV, Chui WK. A convenient method for the synthesis of 7-amino-substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Neustadt BR, Liu H, Hao J, Greenlee WJ, Stamford AW, Foster C, Arik L, Lachowicz J, Zhang H, Bertorelli R, Fredduzzi S, Varty G, Cohen-Williams M, Ng K. Potent and selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:967-71. [PMID: 19109019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of the adenosine A(2a) receptor offers great promise in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In the course of exploring pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine A(2A) antagonists, which led to clinical candidate SCH 420814, we prepared 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines with potent and selective (vs A(1)) A(2a) antagonist activity, including oral activity in the rat haloperidol-induced catalepsy model. Structure-activity relationships and plasma levels are described for this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Neustadt
- Department of Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-1310, USA.
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36
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2,6-Diaryl-4-acylaminopyrimidines as potent and selective adenosine A2A antagonists with improved solubility and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5402-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Cristalli G, Cacciari B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Moro S, Spalluto G, Volpini R. Highlights on the development of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:260-81. [PMID: 17177231 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the past few decades demonstrating that adenosine modulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes through the interaction with four subtypes of a family of cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors, clinical evaluation of some adenosine receptor ligands has been discontinued. Major problems include side effects due to the wide distribution of adenosine receptors, low brain penetration (which is important for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half-life of compounds, or a lack of effects, in some cases perhaps due to receptor desensitization or to low receptor density in the targeted tissue. Currently, three A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists have begun phase III studies. Two of them are therapeutically evaluated as pharmacologic stress agents and the third proved to be effective in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), while avoiding the adverse effects of steroid agents. On the other hand, the great interest in the field of A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists is related to their application in neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, Parkinson's disease, and some of them are currently in various stages of evaluation. This review presents an update of medicinal chemistry and molecular recognition of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the A(2A) human subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cristalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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38
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Mantri M, de Graaf O, van Veldhoven J, Göblyös A, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel JK, Mulder-Krieger T, Link R, de Vries H, Beukers MW, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. 2-Amino-6-furan-2-yl-4-substituted nicotinonitriles as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4449-55. [PMID: 18637670 DOI: 10.1021/jm701594y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 2A adenosine receptor antagonists usually have bi- or tricyclic N aromatic systems with varying substitution patterns to achieve desired receptor affinity and selectivity. Using a pharmacophore model designed by overlap of nonxanthine type of previously known A 2A antagonists, we synthesized a new class of compounds having a 2-amino nicotinonitrile core moiety. From our data, we conclude that the presence of at least one furan group rather than phenyl is beneficial for high affinity on the A 2A adenosine receptor. Compounds 39 (LUF6050) and 44 (LUF6080) of the series had K i values of 1.4 and 1.0 nM, respectively, with reasonable selectivity toward the other adenosine receptor subtypes, A 1, A 2B, and A 3. The high affinity of 44 was corroborated in a cAMP second messenger assay, yielding subnanomolar potency for this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mantri
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, DiVision of Medicinal Chemistry, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Moorjani M, Zhang X, Chen Y, Lin E, Rueter JK, Gross RS, Lanier MC, Tellew JE, Williams JP, Lechner SM, Malany S, Santos M, Ekhlassi P, Castro-Palomino JC, Crespo MI, Prat M, Gual S, Díaz JL, Saunders J, Slee DH. 2,6-Diaryl-4-phenacylaminopyrimidines as potent and selective adenosine A2A antagonists with reduced hERG liability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1269-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Cavallaro CL, Harikrishnan LS, Chi F, Dodd D, Purandare A. Preparation of 2,7-Diaminosubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-Carbonitriles by Solid-Phase Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:28-30. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Klon AE, Diller DJ. Library Fingerprints: A Novel Approach to the Screening of Virtual Libraries. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:1354-65. [PMID: 17595072 DOI: 10.1021/ci7000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel method to prioritize libraries for combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening that assesses the viability of a particular library on the basis of the aggregate physical-chemical properties of the compounds using a naïve Bayesian classifier. This approach prioritizes collections of related compounds according to the aggregate values of their physical-chemical parameters in contrast to single-compound screening. The method is also shown to be useful in screening existing noncombinatorial libraries when the compounds in these libraries have been previously clustered according to their molecular graphs. We show that the method used here is comparable or superior to the single-compound virtual screening of combinatorial libraries and noncombinatorial libraries and is superior to the pairwise Tanimoto similarity searching of a collection of combinatorial libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Klon
- Department of Molecular Modeling, Pharmacopeia, P.O. Box 5350, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5350, USA.
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42
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Wei J, Wang S, Gao S, Dai X, Gao Q. 3D-Pharmacophore Models for Selective A2A and A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:613-25. [PMID: 17330954 DOI: 10.1021/ci600410m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional pharmacophore models were generated for A2A and A2B adenosine receptors (ARs) based on highly selective A2A and A2B antagonists using the Catalyst program. The best pharmacophore model for selective A2A antagonists (Hypo-A2A) was obtained through a careful validation process. Four features contained in Hypo-A2A (one ring aromatic feature (R), one positively ionizable feature (P), one hydrogen bond acceptor lipid feature (L), and one hydrophobic feature (H)) seem to be essential for antagonists in terms of binding activity and A2A AR selectivity. The best pharmacophore model for selective A2B antagonists (Hypo-A2B) was elaborated by modifying the Catalyst common features (HipHop) hypotheses generated from the selective A2B antagonists training set. Hypo-A2B also consists of four features: one ring aromatic feature (R), one hydrophobic aliphatic feature (Z), and two hydrogen bond acceptor lipid features (L). All features play an important role in A2B AR binding affinity and are essential for A2B selectivity. Both A2A and A2B pharmacophore models have been validated toward a wide set of test molecules containing structurally diverse selective antagonists of all AR subtypes. They are capable of identifying correspondingly high potent antagonists and differentiating antagonists between subtypes. The results of our study will act as a valuable tool for retrieving structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activities and designing novel selective adenosine receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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43
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Recent Progress in 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(07)95003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Cain JP, Mayorov AV, Cai M, Wang H, Tan B, Chandler K, Lee Y, Petrov RR, Trivedi D, Hruby VJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5462-7. [PMID: 16931008 PMCID: PMC1810397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new bicyclic template has been developed for the synthesis of peptide mimetics. Straightforward synthetic steps, starting from amino acids, allow the facile construction of a wide range of analogs. This system was designed to target the melanocortin receptors (MCRs), with functional group selection based on a known pharmacophore and guidance from molecular modeling to rationally identify positional and stereochemical isomers likely to be active. The functions of hMCRs are critical to myriad biological activities, including pigmentation, steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis, erectile activity, and inflammation. These G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for drug discovery in a number of areas, including cancer, pain, and obesity therapeutics. All compounds from this series tested to date are antagonists which bind with high affinity. Importantly, many are highly selective for a particular MCR subtype, including some of the first completely hMC5R-selective antagonists reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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45
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Abderrahim R, Boujlel K. A Convenient Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazolo-1,3,5-triazin-4-ones and 1,2,4-Triazolo-1,3,5-triazin-4-thiones. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500500272285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Moro S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G. Progress in the pursuit of therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:131-59. [PMID: 16380972 PMCID: PMC9194718 DOI: 10.1002/med.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of adenosine, adenosine receptors continue to represent promising drug targets. First, this is due to the fact that the receptors are expressed in a large variety of tissues. In particular, the actions of adenosine (or methylxanthine antagonists) in the central nervous system, in the circulation, on immune cells, and on other tissues can be beneficial in certain disorders. Second, there exists a large number of ligands, which have been generated by introducing several modifications in the structure of the lead compounds (adenosine and methylxanthine), some of them highly specific. Four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) have been cloned and pharmacologically characterized, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors. Adenosine receptors can be distinguished according to their preferred mechanism of signal transduction: A1 and A3 receptors interact with pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins of the Gi and Go family; the canonical signaling mechanism of the A2A and of the A2B receptors is stimulation of adenylyl cyclase via Gs proteins. In addition to the coupling to adenylyl cyclase, all four subtypes may positively couple to phospholipase C via different G protein subunits. The development of new ligands, in particular, potent and selective antagonists, for all subtypes of adenosine receptors has so far been directed by traditional medicinal chemistry. The availability of genetic information promises to facilitate understanding of the drug-receptor interaction leading to the rational design of a potentially therapeutically important class of drugs. Moreover, molecular modeling may further rationalize observed interactions between the receptors and their ligands. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant progress in developing new therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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47
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Abstract
Adenosine receptors are major targets of caffeine, the most commonly consumed drug in the world. There is growing evidence that they could also be promising therapeutic targets in a wide range of conditions, including cerebral and cardiac ischaemic diseases, sleep disorders, immune and inflammatory disorders and cancer. After more than three decades of medicinal chemistry research, a considerable number of selective agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors have been discovered, and some have been clinically evaluated, although none has yet received regulatory approval. However, recent advances in the understanding of the roles of the various adenosine receptor subtypes, and in the development of selective and potent ligands, as discussed in this review, have brought the goal of therapeutic application of adenosine receptor modulators considerably closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, USA.
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Abderrahim R. A Novel Synthetic Route to New 1,2,4-Triazolo-1,3,5-triazin-4-ones Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500500269380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raoudha Abderrahim
- a Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Tunis Campus Universitaire , Zarzouna, Tunisie
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49
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Chabchoub F, Rekik A, Salem M. Heterocyclization of Imidates with 3‐Alkyl‐5‐amino‐1‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles: Synthesis of New Triazolotriazines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500191334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Chabchoub
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée , Hétérocycles, Corps Gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Rekik
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée , Hétérocycles, Corps Gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Salem
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée , Hétérocycles, Corps Gras et Polymères, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
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50
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Yao G, Haque S, Sha L, Kumaravel G, Wang J, Engber TM, Whalley ET, Conlon PR, Chang H, Kiesman WF, Petter RC. Synthesis of alkyne derivatives of a novel triazolopyrazine as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:511-5. [PMID: 15664803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine core was synthesized and coupled with terminal acetylenes. The structure-activity relationship of the alkynes from this novel template was studied for their in vitro and in vivo adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonism. Selected compounds from this series were shown to have potent in vitro and in vivo activities against adenosine A(2A) receptor. Compound 12, in particular, was found to be orally active at 3mg/kg in both a mouse catalepsy model and a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yao
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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