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Adhikari N, Choudhury AAK, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Patgiri SJ, Singh UP, Bhat HR. Design and development of novel
N
‐(4‐aminobenzoyl)‐
l
‐glutamic acid conjugated 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives as
Pf
‐DHFR inhibitor: An
in‐silico
and
in‐vitro
study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 37:e23290. [PMID: 36541419 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a library of 120 compounds was prepared using various aliphatic and aromatic amines. Finally, 10 compounds were selected through in silico screening carrying 4-aminobenzoyl-l-glutamic acid and 1,3,5-triazine moiety. The docking results of compounds 4d16 and 4d38 revealed higher binding interaction with amino acids Asp54 (-537.96 kcal/mol) and Asp54, Phe116 (-618.22 kcal/mol) against wild (1J3I) and quadruple mutant (1J3K) type of Pf-DHFR inhibitors and were comparable to standard WR99210. These compounds were developed by facile and microwave-assisted synthesis via nucleophilic substitution reaction and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. In vitro antimalarial assay results also suggested that these two compounds were having higher antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strain out of the ten synthesized compounds with IC50 13.25 μM and 14.72 μM, respectively. These hybrid scaffolds might be useful in the lead discovery of a new class of Pf-DHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh Assam India
| | | | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh Assam India
| | - Surajit K. Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh Assam India
| | - Saurav J. Patgiri
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Dibrugarh Assam India
| | - Udaya P. Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Hans R. Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh Assam India
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2
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Ali F, Alom S, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Singh UP, Bhat HR. Implication of in silico studies in the search for novel inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100360. [PMID: 35244237 PMCID: PMC9073995 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease mainly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It had spread from Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and spread over 222 countries and territories all over the world. Earlier, at the very beginning of COVID-19 infection, there were no approved medicines or vaccines for combating this disease, which adversely affected a lot of individuals worldwide. Although frequent mutation leads to the generation of more deadly variants of SARS-CoV-2, researchers have developed several highly effective vaccines that were approved for emergency use by the World Health Organization (WHO), such as mRNA-1273 by Moderna, BNT162b2 by Pfizer/BioNTech, Ad26.COV2.S by Janssen, AZD1222 by Oxford/AstraZeneca, Covishield by the Serum Institute of India, BBIBP-CorV by Sinopharm, coronaVac by Sinovac, and Covaxin by Bharat Biotech, and the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral drug Veklury (remdesivir) for the treatment of COVID-19. Several waves of COVID-19 have already occurred worldwide, and good-quality vaccines and medicines should be available for ongoing as well as upcoming waves of the pandemic. Therefore, in silico studies have become an excellent tool for identifying possible ligands that could lead to the development of safer medicines or vaccines. Various phytoconstituents from plants and herbs with antiviral properties are studied further to obtain inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. In silico screening of various molecular databases like PubChem, ZINC, Asinex Biol-Design Library, and so on has been performed extensively for finding effective ligands against targets. Herein, in silico studies carried out by various researchers are summarized so that one can easily find the best molecule for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farak Ali
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceTezpur, SonitpurAssamIndia
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceTezpur, SonitpurAssamIndia
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh UniversityDibrugarhAssamIndia
| | - Surajit K. Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh UniversityDibrugarhAssamIndia
| | - Udaya P. Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of AgricultureTechnology & SciencesAllahabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Hans R. Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh UniversityDibrugarhAssamIndia
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3
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Kashyap A, Choudhury AAK, Saha A, Adhikari N, Ghosh SK, Shakya A, Patgiri SJ, Bhattacharyya DR, Singh UP, Bhat HR. Microwave-assisted synthesis of hybrid PABA-1,3,5-triazine derivatives as an antimalarial agent. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22860. [PMID: 34313355 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present manuscript deals with the development of novel p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) associated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antimalarial agents. The molecules were developed via microwave-assisted synthesis and structures of compounds were ascertained via numerous analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were also subjected to ADMET analysis. In a docking analysis, the title compounds showed high and diverse binding affinities towards wild (-162.45 to -369.38 kcal/mol) and quadruple mutant (-165.36 to -209.47 kcal/mol) Pf-DHFR-TS via interacting with Phe58, Arg59, Ser111, Ile112, Phe116. The in vitro antimalarial activity suggested that compounds 4e, 4b, and 4h showed IC50 ranging from 4.18 to 8.66 μg/ml against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Moreover, compounds 4g, 4b, 4e, and 4c showed IC50 ranging from 8.12 to 12.09 μg/ml against chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strain. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the development of hybrid PABA substituted 1,3,5-triazines as a novel class of Pf-DHFR inhibitor for antimalarial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Ayesha A K Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Nayana Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Saurav J Patgiri
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Dibya R Bhattacharyya
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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4
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Singh S, Mandal MK, Masih A, Saha A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. 1,3,5-Triazine: A versatile pharmacophore with diverse biological activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000363. [PMID: 33760298 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and its derivatives have been the epicenter of chemotherapeutic molecules due to their effective biological activities, such as antibacterial, fungicidal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, and antitubercular activities. The present review represents a summarized report of the crucial biological activities possessed by substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, with special attention to the most potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan K Mandal
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Masih
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Gogoi P, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Gogoi N, Gahtori P, Singh N, Bhattacharyya DR, Singh UP, Bhat HR. In silico study, synthesis, and evaluation of the antimalarial activity of hybrid dimethoxy pyrazole 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22682. [PMID: 33332673 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaria continues to become a major global health problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The widespread emergence of resistance to first-line drugs has further bolstered an urgent need for a new and cost-effective antimalarial(s). Thus, the present study enumerates the synthesis of novel hybrid dimethoxy pyrazole 1,3,5-triazine derivatives 7(a-j) and their in silico results short-listed three compounds with good binding energies and dock scores. Docking analysis shows that hydrogen-bonding predominates and typically involves key residues, such as Asp54, Tyr170, Ile164, and Arg122. The in vitro antimalarial evaluation of three top-ranked compounds (7e, 7g, and 7h) showed half-maximal inhibitory concentration values range from 53.85 to 100 μg/ml against chloroquine-sensitive strain 3D7 of Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 7e may be utilized as a lead for further optimization work in drug discovery due to good antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Neelutpal Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nardev Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dibya R Bhattacharyya
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
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6
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Masih A, Agnihotri AK, Srivastava JK, Pandey N, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Discovery of novel 1,3,5-triazine as adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist for benefit in Parkinson's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22659. [PMID: 33156955 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neuro-degenerative ailment characterized by impairment in various motor and nonmotor functions of the body. In the past few years, adenosine A2 A receptor (A2 AR) antagonists have attracted much attention due to significant relief in PD. Therefore, in the current study, we intend to disclose the development of novel 1,3,5-triazines as A2 AR antagonist. The radioligand binding and selectivity of analogs were tested in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and the cells were transfected with pcDNA 3.1(+) containing full-length human A2 AR cDNA and pcDNA 3.1(+) containing full-length human A1 R cDNA, where they exhibit selective affinity for A2 AR. Molecular docking analysis was also conducted to rationalize the probable mode of action, binding affinity, and orientation of the most potent molecule (7c) at the active site of A2 AR. It has been shown that compound 7c form numerous nonbonded interactions in the active site of A2 AR by interacting with Ala59, Ala63, Ile80, Val84 Glu169, Phe168, Met270, and Ile274. The study revealed 1,3,5-triazines as a novel class of A2 AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Masih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol K Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra K Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Masih A, Agnihotri AK, Srivastava JK, Pandey N, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Discovery of novel pyrazole derivatives as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-ĸB for possible benefit against SARS-CoV-2. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22656. [PMID: 33094891 PMCID: PMC7645950 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to unavailability of a specific drug/vaccine to attenuate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current strategy to combat the infection has been largely dependent upon the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for respiratory depression. Thus, in this study, we discovered novel pyrazole analogs as a potent nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) inhibitor. The compounds were assessed for NF-ĸB transcriptional inhibitory activity in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing Compound 6c as the most potent analog among the tested series. The effect of Compound 6c was further investigated on the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW267.4 cells by enzyme immunoassay, where it causes a significant reduction in the level of these cytokines. In Western blot analysis, Compound 6c also causes the inhibition of inhibitor kappa B-α and NF-κB. It was found to be snugly fitted into the inner grove of the active site of NF-ĸB by forming H-bonds and a nonbonded interaction with Asn28 in a docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Masih
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol K Agnihotri
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra K Srivastava
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Singh UP, Srivastava JK, Bhat HR. Structure-based optimization and discovery of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as bacterial translation inhibitor with favourable metabolic fate. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4474649 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-i2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Singh VP, Managanvi SS, Bihari RR, Bhat HR. Operational experience of electronic active personal dosemeter and comparison with CaSo4:Dy TL dosemeter in Indian PHWR. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 156:93-102. [PMID: 23528326 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Direct reading dosemeter has been used for day-to-day radiation exposure control and management for last four decades in Indian nuclear power plants (NPPs). Recently new real time, alarm and pre-alarm on equivalent dose/dose rate, storage of dose/dose rate and maximum dose rate, user-friendly electronic active personal dosemeter (APD) has been implemented into practice for the first time at Kaiga Atomic Power Station-3&4, of Indian NPPs. The dosemeter showed tolerance level (L) 0.1085±0.0450 compared with 0.1869±0.0729 (average±SD) for CaSO4:Dy, TL dosemeter, having narrow range trumpet curve, nil electromagnetic interference. Records of >29 000 for APD and TL dosemeter were analysed for comparasion of the measurement of the individual dose. APD followed general acceptance rule of ±25 % for dose >1 mSv. Monthly Station collective dose by TL dosemeters and APD for normal reactor operation as well as outage are found in good agreement. Operational experiences and statistical analysis support that an APD dosemeter is reasonably equivalent to CaSO4:Dy TL dosemeter. The accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability of the measurement of radiation for (137)Cs are comparable with CaSO4:Dy, TL dosemeter. Operational experience of APD during the normal operation as well as outage showed as one of the best ALARA tool for occupational dose monitoring, control, management and future outage planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath P Singh
- Health Physics Section, Kaiga Atomic Power Station-3&4, NPCIL, Karwar 581400, India.
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10
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Dubey V, Pathak M, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Design, Facile Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activity of Hybrid 1,3,4-thiadiazole-1,3,5-triazine Derivatives Tethered via -S- Bridge. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:598-604. [PMID: 22716235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, India
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11
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Singh UP, Pathak M, Dubey V, Bhat HR, Gahtori P, Singh RK. Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Hybrid 1,3-Thiazine-1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Potential Bacterial Translation Inhibitor. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:572-83. [PMID: 22702334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Deemed to be University, 211007 Allahabad, India.
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12
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Singh VP, Badiger NM, Managanvi SS, Bhat HR. Quick management of accidental tritium exposure cases. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 150:508-515. [PMID: 22349318 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Removal half-life (RHL) of tritium is one of the best means for optimising medical treatment, reduction of committed effective dose (CED) and quick/easy handling of a large group of workers for medical treatment reference. The removal of tritium from the body depends on age, temperature, relative humidity and daily rainfall; so tritium removal rate, its follow-up and proper data analysis and recording are the best techniques for management of accidental acute tritium exposed cases. The decision of referring for medical treatment or medical intervention (MI) would be based on workers' tritium RHL history taken from their bodies at the facilities. The workers with tritium intake up to 1 ALI shall not be considered for medical treatment as it is a derived limit of annual total effective dose. The short-term MI may be considered for tritium intake of 1-10 ALI; however, if the results show intake ≥100 ALI, extended strong medical/therapeutic intervention may be recommended based on the severity of exposure for maximum CED reduction requirements and annual total effective dose limit. The methodology is very useful for pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) which are mainly operated by Canada and India and future fusion reactor technologies. Proper management will optimise the cases for medical treatment and enhance public acceptance of nuclear fission and fusion reactor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath P Singh
- Health Physics Section, Kaiga Atomic Power Station-3&4, NPCIL, Karwar 581400, India.
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13
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Singh VP, Pai RK, Veerender DD, Vishnu MS, Vijayan P, Managanvi SS, Badiger NM, Bhat HR. Estimation of biological half-life of tritium in coastal region of India. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 142:153-159. [PMID: 20870665 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study estimates biological half-life (BHL) of tritium by analysing routine bioassay samples of radiation workers. During 2007-2009 year, 72,100 urine bioassay samples of the workers were analysed by liquid scintillation counting technique for internal dose monitoring for tritium. Two hundred and two subjects were taken for study with minimum 3 μCiL(-1) tritium uptake in their body fluid. The BHL of tritium of subjects ranges from 1 to 16 d with an average of 8.19 d. Human data indicate that the biological retention time ranges from 4 to 18 d with an average of 10 d. The seasonal variations of the BHL of tritium are 3.09 ± 1.48, 6.87 ± 0.58 and 5.73 ± 0.76 d (mean ± SD) for summer, winter and rainy seasons, respectively, for free water tritium in the coastal region of Karnataka, India, which shows that the BHL in summer is twice that of the winter season. Also three subjects showed the BHL of 101.73-121.09 d, which reveals that organically bound tritium is present with low tritium uptake also. The BHL of tritium for all age group of workers is observed independent of age and is shorter during April to May. The distribution of cumulative probability vs. BHL of tritium shows lognormal distribution with a geometric mean of 9.11 d and geometric standard deviation of 1.77 d. The study of the subjects is fit for two-compartment model and also an average BHL of tritium is found similar to earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath P Singh
- Health Physics Section (KM & HSE), Kaiga Generating Station-3&4, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, PO Box No. 581400, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Storz JF, Bhat HR, Kunz TH. Genetic consequences of polygyny and social structure in an Indian fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx. I. Inbreeding, outbreeding, and population subdivision. Evolution 2001; 55:1215-23. [PMID: 11475057 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Population subdivision into behaviorally cohesive kin groups influences rates of inbreeding and genetic drift and has important implications for the evolution of social behavior. Here we report the results of a study designed to test the hypothesis that harem social structure promotes inbreeding and genetic subdivision in a population with overlapping generations. Genetic consequences of harem social structure were investigated in a natural population of a highly polygynous fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), in western India. The partitioning of genetic variance within and among breeding groups was assessed using 10-locus microsatellite genotypes for 431 individually marked bats. Genetic analysis of the C. sphinx study population was integrated with field data on demography and social structure to determine the specific ways in which mating, dispersal, and new social group formation influenced population genetic structure. Microsatellite data revealed striking contrasts in genetic structure between consecutive offspring cohorts and between generations. Relative to the 1998 (dry-season) offspring cohort, the 1997 (wet-season) cohort was characterized by a more extensive degree of within-group heterozygote excess (F(IS) = -0.164 vs. -0.050), a greater degree of among-group subdivision (F(ST) = 0.123 vs. 0.008), and higher average within-group relatedness (r = 0.251 vs. 0.017). Differences in genetic structure between the two offspring cohorts were attributable to seasonal differences in the number and proportional representation of male parents. Relative to adult age-classes, offspring cohorts were characterized by more extensive departures from allelic and genotypic equilibria and a greater degree of genetic subdivision. Generational differences in F-statistics indicated that genetic structuring of offspring cohorts was randomized by natal dispersal prior to recruitment into the breeding population. Low relatedness among harem females (r = 0.002-0.005) was primarily attributable to high rates of natal dispersal and low rates of juvenile survivorship. Kin selection is therefore an unlikely explanation for the formation and maintenance of behaviorally cohesive breeding groups in this highly social mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Storz
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Storz JF, Bhat HR, Kunz TH. Genetic consequences of polygyny and social structure in an Indian fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx. II. Variance in male mating success and effective population size. Evolution 2001; 55:1224-32. [PMID: 11475058 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Variance in reproductive success is a primary determinant of genetically effective population size (Ne), and thus has important implications for the role of genetic drift in the evolutionary dynamics of animal taxa characterized by polygynous mating systems. Here we report the results of a study designed to test the hypothesis that polygynous mating results in significantly reduced Ne in an age-structured population. This hypothesis was tested in a natural population of a harem-forming fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), in western India. The influence of the mating system on the ratio of variance Ne to adult census number (N) was assessed using a mathematical model designed for age-structured populations that incorporated demographic and genetic data. Male mating success was assessed by means of direct and indirect paternity analysis using 10-locus microsatellite genotypes of adults and progeny from two consecutive breeding periods (n = 431 individually marked bats). Combined results from both analyses were used to infer the effective number of male parents in each breeding period. The relative proportion of successfully reproducing males and the size distribution of paternal sibships comprising each offspring cohort revealed an extremely high within-season variance in male mating success (up to 9.2 times higher than Poisson expectation). The resultant estimate of Ne/N for the C. sphinx study population was 0.42. As a result of polygynous mating, the predicted rate of drift (1/2Ne per generation) was 17.6% higher than expected from a Poisson distribution of male mating success. However, the estimated Ne/N was well within the 0.25-0.75 range expected for age-structured populations under normal demographic conditions. The life-history schedule of C. sphinx is characterized by a disproportionately short sexual maturation period scaled to adult life span. Consequently, the influence of polygynous mating on Ne/N is mitigated by the extensive overlap of generations. In C. sphinx, turnover of breeding males between seasons ensures a broader sampling of the adult male gamete pool than expected from the variance in mating success within a single breeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Storz
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
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Abstract
A colony of rosy eye mutants of Aedes aegypti was established. This strain was refractory to Chikungunya virus by oral route of infection when compared with the wild-type parent strain. The refractoriness of this strain seems to be due to a mesentronal barrier, since both the mosquito strains supported the multiplication of virus after intrathoracic inoculation. The rosy eye strain was also found to be refractory to Sagiyama virus (Alphaviridae: Getah virus subtype) when compared with wild-type parent strain, but no such difference in the oral susceptibility was found with dengue-2 (Flaviviridae) virus. The rosy eye mutant appears to be closely linked to the gene(s) for refractoriness to alpha viruses and may be useful in future studies in understanding the genetic basis of vector competence of Ae. aegypti to arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Mourya
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Geevarghese G, Shaikh BH, Jacob PG, Bhat HR. Persistence of haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to JE and WN viruses in naturally infected domestic pigs in Karnataka State, India. Acta Virol 1994; 38:235-7. [PMID: 7879715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Domestic pigs were used as sentinels to monitor the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses in Kolar District of Karnataka State, India. The study revealed that the pigs once seroconverted to JE and WN viruses, remained immune as long as they were available for observation, up to three years.
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Geevarghese G, Prasanna NY, Jacob PG, Bhat HR. Isolation of Batai virus from sentinel domestic pig from Kolar district in Karnataka State, India. Acta Virol 1994; 38:239-40. [PMID: 7879716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Batai virus was isolated from the blood sample of one sentinel piglet out of 34 used to monitor the activity of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus at Madikere village in Kolar district, Karnataka State, India. This is the first report of the isolation of Batai virus from a mammal.
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Geevarghese G, Mishra AC, Jacob PG, Bhat HR. Studies on the mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus in Mandya District, Karnataka, India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1994; 25:378-82. [PMID: 7855661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Entomological investigations were carried out in areas affected by Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Mandya District, Karnataka, India, from 1983 to 1988, to determine species composition and the density of mosquito vectors, in relation to the incidence of JE cases. JE cases occurred in two spells in a year, one during April-June (summer epidemic) and another during October-December (winter epidemic). There was very high incidence of JE cases in extensively irrigated areas and a low incidence in some of the taluks with less or no irrigation systems. Among culicines, Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most predominant species (20.54%), followed by Cx. fuscocephala (16.94), Cx. vishnui (16.48%), Cx. gelidus (10.70%) and other species. The overall mosquito population showed two peaks in a year, one during the March-April, and another during September, usually preceding the human epidemics. Relative abundance of certain species varied in different years.
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Geevarghese G, Shaikh BH, Jacog PG, Bhat HR. Monitoring Japanese encephalitis virus activity using domestic sentinel pigs in Mandya district, Karnataka state (India). Indian J Med Res 1991; 93:140-2. [PMID: 1657767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic pigs were used as sentinels in Mandya district (Karnataka state) in India during 1984 to 1986 to monitor the activity of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in nature. Out of 213 sentinel pigs studied in 11 localities, 44 pigs placed at 5 localities showed seroconversion to Japanese encephalitis virus. A pig mosquito cycle, operating throughout the year appears to be one of the maintenance mechanisms of the virus in the study area in addition to the bird-mosquito cycle.
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Abstract
Out of 3350 leprosy patients attending the surgical outpatient department for various ulcerative lesions, 18 patients had typical symptoms of myiasis. Maggots were collected in 5 cases from the nose, in 3 cases from ulcers of the hand and in 10 cases from ulcers of the foot. It was possible to rear the maggots into flies in 8 out of 18 cases. The flies were identified as Sarcophaga ruficornis and Chrysomyia bezziana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevatsa
- Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy, Tajganj, Agra, India
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Dhanda V, Mourya DT, Mishra AC, Ilkal MA, Pant U, Jacob PG, Bhat HR. Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes reared from field-collected immatures and in wild-caught males. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 41:732-6. [PMID: 2577098 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1989.41.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature stages of mosquitoes collected in JE endemic areas of Karnataka, India between 1985 and 1987 were reared to adults and processed for the detection and isolation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in an attempt to find naturally occurring vertical transmission of the virus. Males collected during 1985-1986 were also processed. A total of 15,785 adults reared from immatures and divided into 445 pools and 1,756 wild-collected males divided into 128 pools were processed using mosquito inoculation and immunofluorescence techniques. JE virus antigen was detected in 9 pools, 4 of which yielded JE virus. These were 2 pools of males and 1 pool of female Culex tritaeniorhynchus and 1 pool of male C. pseudovishnui, suggesting vertical transmission of JE virus in the mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dhanda
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Mourya DT, Ilkal MA, Mishra AC, Jacob PG, Pant U, Ramanujam S, Mavale MS, Bhat HR, Dhanda V. Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in Karnataka state, India from 1985 to 1987. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989; 83:550-2. [PMID: 2575809 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection and isolation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus using mosquito inoculation and immunofluorescence techniques were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in JE endemic areas of Kolar and Mandya districts of Karnataka state, India, from 1985 to 1987. 65,388 mosquitoes consisting of 19 species in 1541 pools were processed. Of these, 18 pools showed the presence of JE virus antigen. JE virus was isolated from 9 pools, 3 of Culex gelidus, 2 of C. tritaeniorhynchus, and one each of C. quinquefasciatus, C. fuscocephala, C. vishnui and Anopheles peditaeniatus. Isolation of JE virus from C. gelidus, C. fuscocephala, C. quinquefasciatus and An. peditaeniatus is reported for the first time in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Mourya
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Bhat HR. A note on Anopheles dirus Peyton and Harrison, 1979 [An. balabacensis (sensu lato) Baisas, 1936] in India. Indian J Malariol 1988; 25:103-5. [PMID: 3268459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Banerjee K, Bhat HR, Geevarghese G, Jacob PG, Malunjkar AS. Antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus in insectivorous bats from Karnataka. Indian J Med Res 1988; 87:527-30. [PMID: 2853696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Geevarghese G, Shaikh BH, Jacob PG, Bhat HR, Pavri KM. Domestic pigs as sentinels to monitor the activity of Japanese encephalitis & West Nile viruses in Kolar district, Karnataka. Indian J Med Res 1987; 86:413-8. [PMID: 2832323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Geevarghese G, George S, Bhat HR, Prasanna Y, Pavri KM. Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from a sentinel domestic pig from Kolar district in Karnataka. Indian J Med Res 1987; 86:273-5. [PMID: 3428962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Abstract
In the Kyasanur Forest disease area two species of wild monkeys, Presbytis entellus and Macaca radiata, succumb to the natural infection with Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) virus (family Flaviviridae). Between October 1964 and September 1973, 1046 monkeys (860 P. entellus and 186 M. radiata) died. Of these, KFD virus was isolated from 118 P. entellus and 13 M. radiata. Maximum mortality of monkeys was reported during December through May coinciding with the season of activity of immature stages of Haemaphysalis ticks, incriminated vectors of KFD. The epizootic showed an initial spread of the disease to the areas contiguous with the original focus of infection. This was followed by the recognition of epizootics and epidemics in three new foci, removed from the original focus, by the end of 1973. It was also observed that, in certain localities in the original focus, KFD virus activity persisted over several years.
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Mishra AC, Jacob PG, Ramanujam S, Bhat HR, Pavri KM. Mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis epidemic (1983) in Mandya district (India). Indian J Med Res 1984; 80:377-89. [PMID: 6099822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Banerjee K, Mishra AC, Bhat HR. Experimental transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by Culex vishnui Theobald. Indian J Med Res 1984; 79:303-6. [PMID: 6086511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Sreenivasan MA, Rajagopalan PK, Bhat HR. Spatial distribution of infected Haemaphysalis nymphs in the epizootic localities of Kyasanur forest disease. Indian J Med Res 1983; 78:531-6. [PMID: 6668008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Sreenivasan MA, Bhat HR, Dandawate CN, Malunjkar AS. Muroor virus: a new arbovirus isolated in India from the bat tick (Ornithodoros piriformis). Indian J Med Res 1983; 78:295-9. [PMID: 6674151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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33
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Rao BL, Khan FU, Bhat HR, Kadam SS. Zoonotic studies on influenza in pigs and birds, India, 1980-81. Int J Zoonoses 1983; 10:40-4. [PMID: 6315619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Five hundred and twenty pig sera collected from Pune, Maharashtra State, India during 1980 were examined in Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) tests to determine the antibody prevalence to nine human influenza virus strains covering the subtypes A(HON1), A(H1N1), A(H2N2), A(H3N2), type B and one swine influenza virus strain A(Hsw1N1). This study indicated considerable prevalence of antibodies to the four H3N2 strains isolated from 1973 onwards, particularly to the two recent H3N2 strains, limited prevalence of antibodies to H1N1 strain and absence of antibodies to the Hsw1N1 and HON1 influenza strains in the pig sera. Three hundred and eleven cloacal swab specimens collected from different species of domestic and wild birds from Kolar district, Karnataka State, India during 1980 and 1981 were investigated for influenza virus prevalence. No influenza virus was isolated from any of the specimen, but one strain of Newcastle disease virus was isolated from a chicken.
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Padbidri VS, Bhat HR, Rodrigues FM, Joshi MV, Shukla RN. Tick-borne rickettsioses in Karnataka. Indian J Med Res 1982; 75:507-14. [PMID: 7118219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Banerjee K, Ilkal MA, Bhat HR, Sreenivasan MA. Experimental viraemia with Japanese enchphalitis virus in certain domestic and peridomestic vertebrates. Indian J Med Res 1979; 70:364-8. [PMID: 231573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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36
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Sreenivasan MA, Bhat HR, Naik SV. Experimental transmission of Kyasanur forest disease virus by Dermacentor auratus Supino. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:701-7. [PMID: 116962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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37
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Sreenivasan MA, Bhat HR, Rajagopalan PK. Studies on the transmission of Kyasanur forest disease virus by partly fed ixodid ticks. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:708-13. [PMID: 229077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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38
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Bhat HR, Sreenivasan MA, Naik SV. Susceptibility of common giant flying squirrel to experimental infection with KFD virus. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:697-700. [PMID: 229076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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39
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Sreenivasan MA, Bhat HR, Naik SV, Banerjee K. Susceptibility of Rousettus leschenaulti to infection with Kyasanur forest disease virus--a note. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:535-7. [PMID: 222671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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40
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Bhat HR, Sreenivasan MA, Goverdhan MK, Naik SV, Banerjee K. Antibodies to Kyasanur forest disease virus in bats in the epizootic-epidemic area and neighbourhood. Indian J Med Res 1978; 68:387-92. [PMID: 217820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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41
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Bhat HR, Naik SV. Transmission of Kyasanur forest disease virus by Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall and Warburton, 1907 (Acarina : Ixodidae). Indian J Med Res 1978; 67:697-703. [PMID: 680913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Bhat HR, Naik SV, Ilkal MA, Banerjee K. Transmission of Kyasanur Forest disease virus by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. Acta Virol 1978; 22:241-4. [PMID: 27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides were infected with Kaysanur Forest disease (KFD) virus by feeding on viraemic rodents and reared into next generation larvae. Fed larvae, nymphs, unfed adults, fed adult males, and females after oviposition were found infected, while the larvae were found free from infection. Nymphs and adults transmitted the infection by bite to rodents and rabbits respectively. The virus was also passed through a second rodent-tick cycle. Adult ticks showed a titre of 3.1 to 4.5 dex mouse LD50/0.03 ml, and the virus was also detected 245 days after infection.
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Kulkarni SM, Bhat HR, Modi GB. Survey of Phlebotomid sandflies from the Himalayan region, India (Diptera : Phlebotomidae). Indian J Med Res 1978; 67:583-8. [PMID: 680898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Banerjee K, Bhat HR. Correlation between the number of persons suffering from Kyasanur forest disease and the intensity of infection in the tick population. Indian J Med Res 1977; 66:175-9. [PMID: 200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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45
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Benerjee K, Bhat HR. Absence of viruria in Kyasanur Forest disease patients. Acta Virol 1977; 21:174. [PMID: 17291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Sreenivasan MA, Bhat HR. Susceptibility of Lepus nigricollis Cuvier, to experimental infection with Kyasanur Forest Disease virus. Indian J Med Res 1977; 65:17-20. [PMID: 193782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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47
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Bhat HR, Jacob PG. Life history of Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall and Warburton, 1907 (Acarina : Ixodidae). Indian J Med Res 1977; 65:1-7. [PMID: 863477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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48
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Bhat HR, Sreenivasan MA, Goverdhan MK, Naik SV, Banerjee K. Susceptibility of Hystrix indica Kerr, 1792, Indian crested porcupine (Rodentia Hystricidae) to KFD virus. Indian J Med Res 1976; 64:1566-70. [PMID: 191392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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49
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Sreenivasan MA, Bhat HR. Susceptibility of Vandeleuria oleracea Bennet, 1832 (Rodentia, Muridae) to experimental infection with Kyasanur forest disease virus. Indian J Med Res 1976; 64:568-72. [PMID: 184037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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50
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Gadkari DA, Banerjee K, Bhat HR. Critical evaluation of Kyasanur Forest disease virus neutralizing antibodies found in bats (a preliminary report). Indian J Med Res 1976; 64:64-7. [PMID: 178594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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