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McLaury AR, Haun BK, To A, Mayerlen L, Medina LO, Lai CY, Wong TAS, Nakano E, Strange D, Aquino D, Huang YJS, Higgs S, Vanlandingham DL, Garcia A, Berestecky JM, Lehrer AT. Characterization of Two Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the Glycan Loop of the Zika Virus Envelope Protein. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:167-175. [PMID: 38574259 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus associated with several neurological diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborn children. Its distribution and mode of transmission (via Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes) collectively cause ZIKV to be a serious concern for global health. High genetic homology of flaviviruses and shared ecology is a hurdle for accurate detection. Distinguishing infections caused by different viruses based on serological recognition can be misleading as many anti-flavivirus monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) discovered to date are highly cross-reactive, especially those against the envelope (E) protein. To provide more specific research tools, we produced ZIKV E directed hybridoma cell lines and characterized two highly ZIKV-specific mAb clones (mAbs A11 and A42) against several members of the Flavivirus genus. Epitope mapping of mAb A11 revealed glycan loop specificity in Domain I of the ZIKV E protein. The development of two highly specific mAbs targeting the surface fusion protein of ZIKV presents a significant advancement in research capabilities as these can be employed as essential tools to enhance our understanding of ZIKV identification on infected cells ex vivo or in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R McLaury
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Brien K Haun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Albert To
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Ludwig Mayerlen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Liana O Medina
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Chih-Yun Lai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Teri Ann S Wong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Eileen Nakano
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Daniel Strange
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Draven Aquino
- Microbiology and Biotechnology, Math/Science Department, Kapiolani Community College, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Yan-Jang S Huang
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Dana L Vanlandingham
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Alan Garcia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
- Microbiology and Biotechnology, Math/Science Department, Kapiolani Community College, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - John M Berestecky
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
- Microbiology and Biotechnology, Math/Science Department, Kapiolani Community College, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Axel T Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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Huang J, Wang W, Yu T, Wang M, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Tian B, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Jia R, Cheng A. NS1: a promising novel target antigen with strong immunogenicity and protective efficacy for avian flavivirus vaccine development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103469. [PMID: 38335667 PMCID: PMC10864804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV), an avian pathogenic flavivirus, has emerged as a significant threat to the duck industry in Southeast Asia, causing substantial economic losses. Due to the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect of TMUV subneutralizing antibodies, there is a pressing need to further develop new TMUV vaccine target antigens that ensure both safety and efficacy. Here, the TMUV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) as a target for development of effective anti-TMUV vaccines was unveiled. The amino acid sequences of TMUV NS1 exhibit a high degree of conservation across different strains (92.63-100%). To investigate the potential of TMUV NS1 as a vaccine target, the TMUV NS1-based plasmids were constructed and identified the C-terminal 30 amino acids residues of TMUV E (EC30) as an effective signal peptide for promoting NS1 expression and secretion. Subsequently, the plasmid pVAX1-EC30-NS1 was employed to immunize ducks, resulting in specific anti-NS1 IgG responses being stimulated, while without inducing anti-TMUV neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the cellular immune responses triggered by the TMUV NS1 were evaluated, observing a notable increase in lymphocyte proliferation at 4 wk and 6 wk postinjection with the pVAX1-EC30-NS1. Additionally, there was a significant up-regulation of NS1-specific Il-4 and Ifnγ levels at these time points. Following this, ducks from different groups were challenged with TMUV, and remarkably, those immunized with the NS1 vaccine displayed significantly lower viral copies both at 3 d postinfection (dpi) and 7 dpi (P < 0.05) compared to ducks immunized with the control vector. Notably, the NS1 demonstrated remarkable protection against TMUV challenge without causing severe gross lesions. Collectively, these findings highlighted the impressive immunogenicity and protectivity of the TMUV NS1. Consequently, NS1 holds great promise as a novel antigen target for the development of efficient and safe TMUV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wanfa Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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3
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Giglia G, Gianfilippo A, Mandara MT, de Bruin E, Gröne A, van den Brand JMA. Usutu virus avian and human infection after more than 25 years of circulation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:805-807. [PMID: 38329634 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Agliani Gianfilippo
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin de Bruin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M A van den Brand
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Miao Y, Zheng Y, Wang T, Yi W, Zhang N, Zhang W, Zheng Z. Breast milk transmission and involvement of mammary glands in tick-borne flavivirus infected mice. J Virol 2024; 98:e0170923. [PMID: 38305156 PMCID: PMC10949448 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFs) are transmitted to humans through milk and tick bites. Although a case of possible mother-to-child transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) through breast milk has been reported, this route has not been confirmed in experimental models. Therefore, in this study, using type I interferon receptor-deficient A129 mice infected with Langat virus (LGTV), we aimed to demonstrate the presence of infectious virus in the milk and mammary glands of infected mice. Our results showed viral RNA of LGTV in the pup's stomach milk clots (SMCs) and blood, indicating that the virus can be transmitted from dam to pup through breast milk. In addition, we observed that LGTV infection causes tissue lesions in the mammary gland, and viral particles were present in mammary gland epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that milk from infected mice could infect adult mice via the intragastric route, which has a milder infection process, longer infection time, and a lower rate of weight loss than other modes of infection. Specifically, we developed a nano-luciferase-LGTV reporter virus system to monitor the dynamics of different infection routes and observed dam-to-pup infection using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. This study provides comprehensive evidence to support breast milk transmission of TBF in mice and has helped provide useful data for studying TBF transmission routes.IMPORTANCETo date, no experimental models have confirmed mother-to-child transmission of tick-borne flavivirus (TBF) through breastfeeding. In this study, we used a mouse model to demonstrate the presence of infectious viruses in mouse breast milk and mammary gland epithelial cells. Our results showed that pups could become infected through the gastrointestinal route by suckling milk, and the infection dynamics could be monitored using a reporter virus system during breastfeeding in vivo. We believe our findings have provided substantial evidence to understand the underlying mechanism of breast milk transmission of TBF in mice, which has important implications for understanding and preventing TBF transmission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiu Miao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenfu Yi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nailou Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanpo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Singh T, Miller IG, Venkatayogi S, Webster H, Heimsath HJ, Eudailey JA, Dudley DM, Kumar A, Mangan RJ, Thein A, Aliota MT, Newman CM, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Berry M, Friedrich TC, Wiehe K, O'Connor DH, Permar SR. Prior dengue virus serotype 3 infection modulates subsequent plasmablast responses to Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0316023. [PMID: 38349142 PMCID: PMC10936420 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodominant and highly conserved flavivirus envelope proteins can trigger cross-reactive IgG antibodies against related flaviviruses, which shapes subsequent protection or disease severity. This study examined how prior dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) infection affects subsequent Zika virus (ZIKV) plasmablast responses in rhesus macaques (n = 4). We found that prior DENV-3 infection was not associated with diminished ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies or magnitude of plasmablast activation. Rather, characterization of 363 plasmablasts and their derivative 177 monoclonal antibody supernatants from acute ZIKV infection revealed that prior DENV-3 infection was associated with a differential isotype distribution toward IgG, lower somatic hypermutation, and lesser B cell receptor variable gene diversity as compared with repeat ZIKV challenge. We did not find long-lasting DENV-3 cross-reactive IgG after a ZIKV infection but did find persistent ZIKV-binding cross-reactive IgG after a DENV-3 infection, suggesting non-reciprocal cross-reactive immunity. Infection with ZIKV after DENV-3 boosted pre-existing DENV-3-neutralizing antibodies by two- to threefold, demonstrating immune imprinting. These findings suggest that the order of DENV and ZIKV infections has impact on the quality of early B cell immunity which has implications for optimal immunization strategies. IMPORTANCE The Zika virus epidemic of 2015-2016 in the Americas revealed that this mosquito-transmitted virus could be congenitally transmitted during pregnancy and cause birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no interventions to mitigate this disease and Zika virus is likely to re-emerge. Understanding how protective antibody responses are generated against Zika virus can help in the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One main challenge is that Zika virus co-circulates with related viruses like dengue, such that prior exposure to one can generate cross-reactive antibodies against the other which may enhance infection and disease from the second virus. In this study, we sought to understand how prior dengue virus infection impacts subsequent immunity to Zika virus by single-cell sequencing of antibody producing cells in a second Zika virus infection. Identifying specific qualities of Zika virus immunity that are modulated by prior dengue virus immunity will enable optimal immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Singh
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly J. Heimsath
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josh A. Eudailey
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Riley J. Mangan
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Thein
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mariel S. Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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Dabo S, Henrion-Lacritick A, Lecuyer A, Jiolle D, Paupy C, Ayala D, da Veiga Leal S, Badolo A, Vega-Rúa A, Sylla M, Akorli J, Otoo S, Lutomiah J, Sang R, Mutebi JP, Saleh MC, Rose NH, McBride CS, Lambrechts L. Extensive variation and strain-specificity in dengue virus susceptibility among African Aedes aegypti populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011862. [PMID: 38527081 PMCID: PMC10994562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
African populations of the mosquito Aedes aegypti are usually considered less susceptible to infection by human-pathogenic flaviviruses than globally invasive populations found outside Africa. Although this contrast has been well documented for Zika virus (ZIKV), it is unclear to what extent it is true for dengue virus (DENV), the most prevalent flavivirus of humans. Addressing this question is complicated by substantial genetic diversity among DENV strains, most notably in the form of four genetic types (DENV1 to DENV4), that can lead to genetically specific interactions with mosquito populations. Here, we carried out a survey of DENV susceptibility using a panel of seven field-derived Ae. aegypti colonies from across the African range of the species and a colony from Guadeloupe, French West Indies as non-African reference. We found considerable variation in the ability of African Ae. aegypti populations to acquire and replicate a panel of six DENV strains spanning the four DENV types. Although African Ae. aegypti populations were generally less susceptible than the reference non-African population from Guadeloupe, in several instances some African populations were equally or more susceptible than the Guadeloupe population. Moreover, the relative level of susceptibility between African mosquito populations depended on the DENV strain, indicating genetically specific interactions. We conclude that unlike ZIKV susceptibility, there is no clear-cut dichotomy in DENV susceptibility between African and non-African Ae. aegypti. DENV susceptibility of African Ae. aegypti populations is highly heterogeneous and largely governed by the specific pairing of mosquito population and DENV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dabo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Alicia Lecuyer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Davy Jiolle
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Silvânia da Veiga Leal
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Massamba Sylla
- Department of Livestock Sciences and Techniques, University Sine Saloum El Hadji Ibrahima NIASS, Kaffrine, Senegal
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sampson Otoo
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Department of Solid Waste Management, Mosquito Control Division, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Paris, France
| | - Noah H. Rose
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Carolyn S. McBride
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
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7
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Wang ZJ, Zhang RR, Wu M, Zhao H, Li XF, Ye Q, Qin CF. Development of a live-attenuated chimeric vaccine against the emerging Usutu virus. Vaccine 2024; 42:1363-1371. [PMID: 38310016 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus that has expanded into multiple European countries during the past several decades. USUV infection in human has been linked to severe neurological complications, and no vaccine is now available against USUV. In this work, we develop a live-attenuated chimeric USUV vaccine (termed ChinUSUV) based on the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the licensed Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine strain SA14-14-2. In vitro studies demonstrate that ChinUSUV replicates efficiently and maintains its genetic stability. Remarkably, ChinUSUV exhibits a significant attenuation phenotype in multiple mouse models even compared with the licensed JEV vaccine. A single immunization with ChinUSUV elicits potent IgG and neutralizing antibody responses as well as T cell response. Passive transfer of sera from ChinUSUV-immunized mice confers significant protection against lethal homologous challenge in suckling mice. Taken together, our results suggest that ChinUSUV represents a potential USUV vaccine candidate that merits further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
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8
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Contreras M, Stuart JB, Levoir LM, Belmont L, Goo L. Defining the impact of flavivirus envelope protein glycosylation site mutations on sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies. mBio 2024; 15:e0304823. [PMID: 38193697 PMCID: PMC10865826 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03048-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting an envelope dimer epitope (EDE) cross-neutralize Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) and have thus inspired an epitope-focused vaccine design. There are two EDE antibody subclasses (EDE1, EDE2) distinguished by their dependence on viral envelope protein N-linked glycosylation at position N153 (DENV) or N154 (ZIKV) for binding. Here, we determined how envelope glycosylation site mutations affect neutralization by EDE and other broadly neutralizing antibodies. Consistent with structural studies, mutations abolishing the N153/N154 glycosylation site increased DENV and ZIKV sensitivity to neutralization by EDE1 antibodies. Surprisingly, despite their location at predicted contact sites, these mutations also increased sensitivity to EDE2 antibodies. Moreover, despite preserving the glycosylation site motif (N-X-S/T), substituting the threonine at ZIKV envelope residue 156 with a serine resulted in loss of glycan occupancy accompanied with increased neutralization sensitivity to EDE antibodies. For DENV, the presence of a serine instead of a threonine at envelope residue 155 retained glycan occupancy, but nonetheless increased sensitivity to EDE antibodies, in some cases to a similar extent as mutation at N153, which abolishes glycosylation. Envelope glycosylation site mutations also increased ZIKV and DENV sensitivity to other non-EDE broadly neutralizing antibodies, but had limited effects on ZIKV- or DENV-specific antibodies. Thus, envelope protein glycosylation is context-dependent and modulates the potency of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a manner not predicted by existing structures. Manipulating envelope protein glycosylation could be a novel strategy for engineering vaccine antigens to elicit antibodies that broadly neutralize ZIKV and DENV.IMPORTANCEAntibodies that potently cross-neutralize Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses are attractive to induce via vaccination to protect against these co-circulating flaviviruses. Structural studies have shown that viral envelope protein glycosylation is important for binding by one class of these so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies, but less is known about its effect on neutralization. Here, we investigated how envelope protein glycosylation site mutations impact the potency of broadly neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV and DENV. We found that glycan occupancy was not always predicted by an intact N-X-S/T sequence motif. Moreover, envelope protein glycosylation site mutations alter the potency of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a manner unexpected from their predicted binding mechanism as determined by existing structures. We therefore highlight the complex role and determinants of envelope protein glycosylation that should be considered in the design of vaccine antigens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Contreras
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jackson B. Stuart
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa M. Levoir
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Belmont
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leslie Goo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Seechurn N, Herdman MT, Hernandez-Colina A, Vaux AGC, Johnston C, Berrell M, Lopez J, Eckley L, Gonzalez-Olvera M, Gillespie L, Kelly PP, Baylis M, Medlock JM. Field-based assessments of the seasonality of Culex pipiens sensu lato in England: an important enzootic vector of Usutu and West Nile viruses. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:61. [PMID: 38342888 PMCID: PMC10859028 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usutu virus (USUV), which is closely related to West Nile virus (WNV), sharing a similar ecology and transmission cycle, was first reported in the UK in the southeast of England in 2020. Both USUV and WNV are emerging zoonotic viruses hosted by wild birds. The 2020 finding of USUV in England raised awareness of this virus and highlighted the importance of understanding the seasonality of Culex pipiens sensu lato (Cx. pipiens s.l.), the main enzootic vector of these viruses. Zoos are prime locations for trapping mosquitoes because of their infrastructure, security, and range of vertebrate hosts and aquatic habitats. METHODS Three independent zoo-based case studies at four locations that cover the seasonality of Cx. pipiens s.l. in England were undertaken: (i) London Zoo (Zoological Society London [ZSL]) and surrounding areas, London; (ii) Chester Zoo (Cheshire); (ii) Twycross Zoo (Leicestershire); and (iv) Flamingo Land (zoo; North Yorkshire). Various adult mosquito traps were used to catch adult Cx. pipiens s.l. across seasons. RESULTS High yields of Cx. pipiens s.l./Culex torrentium were observed in Biogents-Mosquitaire and Center for Disease Control and Prevention Gravid traps in all studies where these traps were used. Mosquito counts varied between sites and between years. Observations of adult Cx. pipiens s.l./Cx. torrentium abundance and modelling studies demonstrated peak adult abundance between late July and early August, with active adult female Cx. pipiens s.l./Cx. torrentium populations between May and September. CONCLUSIONS The information collated in this study illustrates the value of multiple mosquito monitoring approaches in zoos to describe the seasonality of this UK vector across multiple sites in England and provides a framework that can be used for ongoing and future surveillance programmes and disease risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Seechurn
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - M Trent Herdman
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
- UK Field Epidemiology Training Programme Field Service, South East and London, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Arturo Hernandez-Colina
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Chester, CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Alexander G C Vaux
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Colin Johnston
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Morgan Berrell
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Javier Lopez
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Chester, CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Lindsay Eckley
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Chester, CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Merit Gonzalez-Olvera
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Chester, CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Lisa Gillespie
- Twycross Zoo, East Midland Zoological Society, Burton Road, Atherstone, CV9 3PX, UK
| | - Paul Pearce Kelly
- Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Matthew Baylis
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jolyon M Medlock
- Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
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10
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Chu X, Ahmed N, Wu J, Chen Q. Tembusu virus induced apoptosis in vacuolate spermatogenic cells is mediated by Cytc-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2024; 215:312-320. [PMID: 38128224 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects mainly poultry and has caused huge economic losses to the poultry farming industry in China. Also known as duck hemorrhagic ovarian disease, DTMUV principally destroys ovarian tissue in ducks, causing a dramatic drop in egg production. and can also invade the male reproductive system causing lesions. Currently, little research has been done to reveal the underlying mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction in ducks caused by DTMUV infection. In this study, histopathological analysis and electron microscopy of testes of ducks infected with DTMUV showed that DTMUV caused testicular atrophy and cytoplasmic vacuolation in ducks. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) results further indicated that DTMUV induced spermatogenic cells apoptosis. After DTMUV infection, a large amount of cytochrome c(Cytc) was released from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm, activating downstream target proteins and causing apoptosis. To sum up, DTMUV induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis through the Cytc-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, our study provides evidence for DTMUV infection-induced male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Chu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PR China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China.
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11
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Liu M, Chen YY, Twu NC, Wu MC, Fang ZS, Dubruel A, Chang SC, Wu CF, Lo DY, Chen HW. A novel goose-origin Tembusu virus exhibits pathogenicity in day-old chicks with evidence of direct contact transmission. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103332. [PMID: 38128459 PMCID: PMC10776645 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2020, an outbreak of Tembusu virus (TMUV)-associated disease occurred in a 45-day-old white Roman geese flock in Taiwan. Here, we present the identification and isolation of a novel goose-origin TMUV strain designated as NTU/C225/2020. The virus was successfully isolated using minimal-pathogen-free duck embryos. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein gene showed that NTU/C225/2020 clustered together with the earliest isolates from Malaysia and was most closely related to the first Taiwanese TMUV strain, TP1906. Genomic analysis revealed significant amino acid variations among TMUV isolates in NS1 and NS2A protein regions. In the present study, we characterized the NTU/C225/2020 culture in duck embryos, chicken embryos, primary duck embryonated fibroblasts, and DF-1 cells. All host systems were susceptible to NTU/C225/2020 infection, with observable lesions. In addition, animal experiments showed that the intramuscular inoculation of NTU/C225/2020 resulted in growth retardation and hyperthermia in day-old chicks. Gross lesions in the infected chicks included hepatomegaly, hyperemic thymus, and splenomegaly. Viral loads and histopathological damage were displayed in various tissues of both inoculated and naïve co-housed chicks, confirming the direct chick-to-chick contact transmission of TMUV. This is the first in vivo study of a local TMUV strain in Taiwan. Our findings provide essential information for TMUV propagation and suggest a potential risk of disease outbreak in chicken populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Chieh Twu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syun Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre Dubruel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Dan-Yuan Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Vouillon A, Barthelemy J, Lebeau L, Nisole S, Savini G, Lévêque N, Simonin Y, Garcia M, Bodet C. Skin tropism during Usutu virus and West Nile virus infection: an amplifying and immunological role. J Virol 2024; 98:e0183023. [PMID: 38088560 PMCID: PMC10805065 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01830-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are closely related emerging arboviruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus and posing global public health concerns. Although human infection by these viruses is mainly asymptomatic, both have been associated with neurological disorders such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Since USUV and WNV are transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, the skin represents the initial site of virus inoculation and provides the first line of host defense. Although some data on the early stages of WNV skin infection are available, very little is known about USUV. Herein, USUV-skin resident cell interactions were characterized. Using primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, an early replication of USUV during the first 24 hours was shown in both skin cells. In human skin explants, a high viral tropism for keratinocytes was observed. USUV infection of these models induced type I and III interferon responses associated with upregulated expression of various interferon-stimulated genes as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. Among the four USUV lineages studied, the Europe 2 strain replicated more efficiently in skin cells and induced a higher innate immune response. In vivo, USUV and WNV disseminated quickly from the inoculation site to distal cutaneous tissues. In addition, viral replication and persistence in skin cells were associated with an antiviral response. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the early steps of USUV infection and suggest that the skin constitutes a major amplifying organ for USUV and WNV infection.IMPORTANCEUsutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are closely related emerging Flaviviruses transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Since they are directly inoculated within the upper skin layers, the interactions between the virus and skin cells are critical in the pathophysiology of USUV and WNV infection. Here, during the early steps of infection, we showed that USUV can efficiently infect two human resident skin cell types at the inoculation site: the epidermal keratinocytes and the dermal fibroblasts, leading to the induction of an antiviral innate immune response. Moreover, following cutaneous inoculation, we demonstrated that both viruses can rapidly spread, replicate, and persist in all distal cutaneous tissues in mice, a phenomenon associated with a generalized skin inflammatory response. These results highlight the key amplifying and immunological role of the skin during USUV and WNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Vouillon
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jonathan Barthelemy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Lebeau
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZS-Teramo), Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Garcia
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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13
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Serafim MSM, Kronenberger T, Rocha REO, Rosa ADRA, Mello TLG, Poso A, Ferreira RS, Abrahão JS, Kroon EG, Mota BEF, Maltarollo VG. Aminopyrimidine Derivatives as Multi flavivirus Antiviral Compounds Identified from a Consensus Virtual Screening Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:393-411. [PMID: 38194508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Around three billion people are at risk of infection by the dengue virus (DENV) and potentially other flaviviruses. Worldwide outbreaks of DENV, Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV), the lack of antiviral drugs, and limitations on vaccine usage emphasize the need for novel antiviral research. Here, we propose a consensus virtual screening approach to discover potential protease inhibitors (NS3pro) against different flavivirus. We employed an in silico combination of a hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) model and molecular docking on characterized binding sites followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which filtered a data set of 7.6 million compounds to 2,775 hits. Lastly, docking and MD simulations selected six final potential NS3pro inhibitors with stable interactions along the simulations. Five compounds had their antiviral activity confirmed against ZIKV, YFV, DENV-2, and DENV-3 (ranging from 4.21 ± 0.14 to 37.51 ± 0.8 μM), displaying aggregator characteristics for enzymatic inhibition against ZIKV NS3pro (ranging from 28 ± 7 to 70 ± 7 μM). Taken together, the compounds identified in this approach may contribute to the design of promising candidates to treat different flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Sá Magalhães Serafim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Excellence Cluster "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen 72076, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Rafael Eduardo Oliveira Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Del Rio Abreu Rosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Lara Gonçalves Mello
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antti Poso
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen 70211, Germany
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Santos Abrahão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Eduardo Fernandes Mota
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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14
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Rainey SM, Lefteri DA, Darby C, Kohl A, Merits A, Sinkins SP. Evidence of Differences in Cellular Regulation of Wolbachia-Mediated Viral Inhibition between Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:115. [PMID: 38257815 PMCID: PMC10818798 DOI: 10.3390/v16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is increasingly being utilised in control programs to limit the spread of arboviruses by Aedes mosquitoes. Achieving a better understanding of how Wolbachia strains can reduce viral replication/spread could be important for the long-term success of such programs. Previous studies have indicated that for some strains of Wolbachia, perturbations in lipid metabolism and cholesterol storage are vital in Wolbachia-mediated antiviral activity against the flaviviruses dengue and Zika; however, it has not yet been examined whether arboviruses in the alphavirus group are affected in the same way. Here, using the reporters for the alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) in Aedes albopictus cells, we found that Wolbachia strains wMel, wAu and wAlbB blocked viral replication/translation early in infection and that storage of cholesterol in lipid droplets is not key to this inhibition. Another alphavirus, o'nyong nyong virus (ONNV), was tested in both Aedes albopictus cells and in vivo in stable, transinfected Aedes aegypti mosquito lines. The strains wMel, wAu and wAlbB show strong antiviral activity against ONNV both in vitro and in vivo. Again, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPCD) was not able to rescue ONNV replication in cell lines, suggesting that the release of stored cholesterol caused by wMel is not able to rescue blockage of ONNV. Taken together, this study shows that alphaviruses appear to be inhibited early in replication/translation and that there may be differences in how alphaviruses are inhibited by Wolbachia in comparison to flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Rainey
- MRC-University of Glasgow-Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Campus, University of Glasogw, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Daniella A. Lefteri
- MRC-University of Glasgow-Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Campus, University of Glasogw, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Christie Darby
- MRC-University of Glasgow-Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Campus, University of Glasogw, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.A.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow-Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Campus, University of Glasogw, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.A.L.); (A.K.)
- Departments of Tropical Disease Biology and Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Steven P. Sinkins
- MRC-University of Glasgow-Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Campus, University of Glasogw, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.A.L.); (A.K.)
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15
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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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16
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Shu J, Ma X, Zou J, Yuan Z, Yi Z. Zika virus infection triggers caspase cleavage of STAT1. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0360923. [PMID: 38018976 PMCID: PMC10783001 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03609-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus. Similar to other flaviviruses, ZIKV antagonizes the host interferon (IFN) signaling pathway to establish infection. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which ZIKV antagonizes IFN-induced antiviral signaling may lead to a new antiviral strategy by cracking the IFN antagonism. Flaviviruses have been reported to employ NS5-dependent and -independent mechanisms to block STAT2-mediated signaling, whereas whether flaviviruses target STAT1 remains controversial. Herein, we found that ZIKV infection triggered caspase-dependent cleavage of STAT1 at the aspartic acid 694 during late infection, whereas murine STAT1 (mSTAT1) was resistant to cleavage. Intriguingly, ectopically expressed cleavage-resistant human STAT1.D694A or complementation of cleavable mSTAT1.D695G exerted comparable anti-ZIKV activity with their counterparts, challenging the role of caspase-mediated STAT1 cleavage in the IFN antagonism in ZIKV-infected cells. These data may also imply a dominant role of the antagonism of STAT2 but not STAT1 in ZIKV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Biswal M, Yao W, Lu J, Chen J, Morrison J, Hai R, Song J. A conformational selection mechanism of flavivirus NS5 for species-specific STAT2 inhibition. Commun Biol 2024; 7:76. [PMID: 38195857 PMCID: PMC10776582 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), rely on their non-structural protein 5 (NS5) for both replication of viral genome and suppression of host IFN signaling. DENV and ZIKV NS5s were shown to facilitate proteosome-mediated protein degradation of human STAT2 (hSTAT2). However, how flavivirus NS5s have evolved for species-specific IFN-suppression remains unclear. Here we report structure-function characterization of the DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) NS5-hSTAT2 complex. The MTase and RdRP domains of DENV2 NS5 form an extended conformation to interact with the coiled-coil and N-terminal domains of hSTAT2, thereby promoting hSTAT2 degradation in cells. Disruption of the extended conformation of DENV2/ZIKV NS5, but not the alternative compact state, impaired their hSTAT2 binding. Our comparative structural analysis of flavivirus NS5s further reveals a conserved protein-interaction platform with subtle amino-acid variations likely underpinning diverse IFN-suppression mechanisms. Together, this study uncovers a conformational selection mechanism underlying species-specific hSTAT2 inhibition by flavivirus NS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamaya Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiuwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Jikui Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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18
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Blanquer A, Rivas F, Gérardy M, Sarlet M, Moula N, Ziegler U, Groschup MH, Desmecht D, Marichal T, Garigliany M. Evaluation of Non-Vector Transmission of Usutu Virus in Domestic Canaries ( Serinus canaria). Viruses 2024; 16:79. [PMID: 38257779 PMCID: PMC10819963 DOI: 10.3390/v16010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus transmitted to avian species through mosquito bites that causes mass mortalities in wild and captive bird populations. However, several cases of positive dead birds have been recorded during the winter, a vector-free period. To explain how USUV "overwinters", the main hypothesis is bird-to-bird transmission, as shown for the closely related West Nile virus. To address this question, we experimentally challenged canaries with intranasal inoculation of USUV, which led to systemic dissemination of the virus, provided the inoculated dose was sufficient (>102 TCID50). We also highlighted the oronasal excretion of infectious viral particles in infected birds. Next, we co-housed infected birds with naive sentinels, to determine whether onward transmission could be reproduced experimentally. We failed to detect such transmission but demonstrated horizontal transmission by transferring sputum from an infected to a naive canary. In addition, we evaluated the cellular tropism of respiratory mucosa to USUV in vitro using a canary tracheal explant and observed only limited evidence of viral replication. Further research is then needed to assess if and how comparable bird-to-bird transmission occurs in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Blanquer
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.B.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Felipe Rivas
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.B.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Mazarine Gérardy
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.B.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Michaël Sarlet
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.B.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Nassim Moula
- Animal Resources Veterinary Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, GIGA Research (AFT), Sart Tilman B23B, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (U.Z.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (U.Z.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.B.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B42, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.B.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (D.D.)
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19
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Lwande OW, Näslund J, Sjödin A, Lantto R, Luande VN, Bucht G, Ahlm C, Agwanda B, Obanda V, Evander M. Novel strains of Culex flavivirus and Hubei chryso-like virus 1 from the Anopheles mosquito in western Kenya. Virus Res 2024; 339:199266. [PMID: 37944758 PMCID: PMC10682293 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of mosquito vectors is critical for early detection, prevention and control of vector borne diseases. In this study we used advanced molecular tools, such as DNA barcoding in combination with novel sequencing technologies to discover new and already known viruses in genetically identified mosquito species. Mosquitoes were captured using BG sentinel traps in Western Kenya during May and July 2019, and homogenized individually before pooled into groups of ten mosquitoes. The pools and individual samples were then used for molecular analysis and to infect cell cultures. Of a total of fifty-four (54) 10-pools, thirteen (13) showed cytopathic effect (CPE) on VeroB4 cells, eighteen (18) showed CPE on C6/36 cells. Eight (8) 10-pools out of the 31 CPE positive pools showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells. When using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Sanger sequencing and Twist Comprehensive Viral Research Panel (CVRP) (Twist Biosciences), all pools were found negative by RT-PCR when using genus specific primers targeting alphaviruses, orthobunyaviruses and virus specific primers towards o'nyong-nyong virus, chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus (previously reported to circulate in the region). Interestingly, five pools were RT-PCR positive for flavivirus. Two of the RT-PCR positive pools showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells, two pools showed CPE on C6/36 cells alone and one pool on VeroB4 cells only. Fifty individual mosquito homogenates from the five RT-PCR positive 10-pools were analyzed further for flavivirus RNA. Of these, 19 out of the 50 individual mosquito homogenates indicated the presence of flavivirus RNA. Barcoding of the flavivirus positive mosquitoes revealed the mosquito species as Aedes aegypti (1), Mansonia uniformis (6), Anopheles spp (3), Culex pipiens (5), Culex spp (1), Coquilletidia metallica (2) and Culex quinquefasciatus (1). Of the 19 flavivirus positive individual mosquitoes, five (5) virus positive homogenates were sequenced. Genome sequences of two viruses were completed. One was identified as the single-stranded RNA Culex flavivirus and the other as the double-stranded RNA Hubei chryso-like virus 1. Both viruses were found in the same Anopheles spp. homogenate extracted from a sample that showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells. The detection of both viruses in a single mosquito homogenate indicated coinfection. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Culex flavivirus sequence detected was closely related to a Culex flavivirus isolated from Uganda in 2008. All four Hubei chryso-like virus 1 segments clusters closely to Hubei chryso-like virus 1 strains isolated in Australia, China and USA. Two novel strains of insect-specific viruses in Anopheles mosquitoes were detected and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wesula Lwande
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 901-87, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Näslund
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Lantto
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Bucht
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 901-87, Sweden
| | - Bernard Agwanda
- Mammalogy Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 40658-00100, Kenya
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Department of Research Permitting and Compliance Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha 842-20117, Kenya
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 901-87, Sweden
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20
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Jablunovsky A, Narayanan A, Jose J. Identification of a critical role for ZIKV capsid α3 in virus assembly and its genetic interaction with M protein. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011873. [PMID: 38166143 PMCID: PMC10786401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as Zika and dengue viruses are persistent health concerns in endemic regions worldwide. Efforts to combat the spread of flaviviruses have been challenging, as no antivirals or optimal vaccines are available. Prevention and treatment of flavivirus-induced diseases require a comprehensive understanding of their life cycle. However, several aspects of flavivirus biogenesis, including genome packaging and virion assembly, are not well characterized. In this study, we focused on flavivirus capsid protein (C) using Zika virus (ZIKV) as a model to investigate the role of the externally oriented α3 helix (C α3) without a known or predicted function. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of surface-exposed amino acids on C α3 revealed a critical CN67 residue essential for ZIKV virion production. The CN67A mutation did not affect dimerization or RNA binding of purified C protein in vitro. The virus assembly is severely affected in cells transfected with an infectious cDNA clone of ZIKV with CN67A mutation, resulting in a highly attenuated phenotype. We isolated a revertant virus with a partially restored phenotype by continuous passage of the CN67A mutant virus in Vero E6 cells. Sequence analysis of the revertant revealed a second site mutation in the viral membrane (M) protein MF37L, indicating a genetic interaction between the C and M proteins of ZIKV. Introducing the MF37L mutation on the mutant ZIKV CN67A generated a double-mutant virus phenotypically consistent with the isolated genetic revertant. Similar results were obtained with analogous mutations on C and M proteins of dengue virus, suggesting the critical nature of C α3 and possible C and M residues contributing to virus assembly in other Aedes-transmitted flaviviruses. This study provides the first experimental evidence of a genetic interaction between the C protein and the viral envelope protein M, providing a mechanistic understanding of the molecular interactions involved in the assembly and budding of Aedes-transmitted flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazia Jablunovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anoop Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joyce Jose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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21
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Garg A, Lim JK. A Pocket Guide to CCR5-Neurotropic Flavivirus Edition. Viruses 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 38257729 PMCID: PMC10820758 DOI: 10.3390/v16010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is among the most studied chemokine receptors due to its profound significance in human health and disease. The notion that CCR5 is a functionally redundant receptor was challenged through the demonstration of its unique protective role in the context of West Nile virus in both mice and humans. In the nearly two decades since this initial discovery, numerous studies have investigated the role of CCR5 in the context of other medically important neurotropic flaviviruses, most of which appear to support a broad neuroprotective role for this receptor, although how CCR5 exerts its protective effect has been remarkably varied. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which CCR5 controls neurotropic flaviviruses, as well as results from human studies evaluating a genetic link to CCR5, and propose unexplored areas of research that are needed to unveil even more exciting roles for this important receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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22
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Sotorilli GE, Gravina HD, de Carvalho AC, Shimizu JF, Fontoura MA, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Cordeiro AT, Marques RE. Phenotypical Screening of an MMV Open Box Library and Identification of Compounds with Antiviral Activity against St. Louis Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2416. [PMID: 38140657 PMCID: PMC10747599 DOI: 10.3390/v15122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected mosquito-borne Flavivirus that may cause severe neurological disease in humans and other animals. There are no specific treatments against SLEV infection or disease approved for human use, and drug repurposing may represent an opportunity to accelerate the development of treatments against SLEV. Here we present a scalable, medium-throughput phenotypic cell culture-based screening assay on Vero CCL81 cells to identify bioactive compounds that could be repurposed against SLEV infection. We screened eighty compounds from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) COVID Box library to identify nine (11%) compounds that protected cell cultures from SLEV-induced cytopathic effects, with low- to mid-micromolar potencies. We validated six hit compounds using viral plaque-forming assays to find that the compounds ABT-239, Amiodarone, Fluphenazine, Posaconazole, Triparanol, and Vidofludimus presented varied levels of antiviral activity and selectivity depending on the mammalian cell type used for testing. Importantly, we identified and validated the antiviral activity of the anti-flavivirus nucleoside analog 7DMA against SLEV. Triparanol and Fluphenazine reduced infectious viral loads in both Vero CCL81 and HBEC-5i cell cultures and, similar to the other validated compounds, are likely to exert antiviral activity through a molecular target in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Eboli Sotorilli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Humberto Doriguetto Gravina
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Talita Diniz Melo-Hanchuk
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Artur Torres Cordeiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
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23
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Smith TC, Espinoza DO, Zhu Y, Cardona-Ospina JA, Bowman NM, Becker-Dreps S, Rouphael N, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Bucardo F, Edupuganti S, Premkumar L, Mulligan MJ, de Silva AM, Collins MH. Natural infection by Zika virus but not DNA vaccination consistently elicits antibodies that compete with two potently neutralising monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct epitopes. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104875. [PMID: 37983984 PMCID: PMC10694573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autochthonous transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported in 87 countries since 2015. Although most infections are mild, there is risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vaccines are urgently needed to prevent Zika, but sufficient understanding of humoral responses and tools to assess ZIKV-specific immunity are lacking. METHODS We developed a blockade-of-binding (BOB) ELISA using A9E and G9E, two strongly neutralising ZIKV-specific monoclonal antibodies, which do not react with dengue virus. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed A9E and G9E BOB serodiagnostic performance. BOB was then applied to samples from a surveillance cohort in Risaralda, Colombia, and phase 1 ZIKV vaccine trial samples, comparing results against traditional serologic tests. FINDINGS In the validation sample set (n = 120), A9E BOB has a sensitivity of 93.5% (95% CI: 79.3, 98.9) and specificity 97.8 (95% CI: 92.2, 99.6). G9E BOB had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 89.0, 100.0) and specificity 100% (95% CI: 95.9, 100). Serum from natural infections consistently tested positive in these assays for up to one year, and reactivity tracks well with ZIKV infection status among sera from endemic areas with complicated flavivirus exposures. Interestingly, a leading ZIKV vaccine candidate elicited minimal BOB reactivity despite generating neutralising antibody responses. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, A9E and G9E BOB assays are sensitive and specific assays for detecting antibodies elicited by recent or remote ZIKV infections. Given the additional ability of these BOB assays to detect immune responses that target different epitopes, further development of these assays is well justified for applications including flavivirus surveillance, translational vaccinology research and as potential serologic correlates of protective immunity against Zika. FUNDING R21 AI129532 (PI: S. Becker-Dreps), CDCBAA 2017-N-18041 (PI: A. M. de Silva), Thrasher Fund (PI: M. H. Collins), K22 AI137306 (PI: M. H. Collins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C Smith
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel O Espinoza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yerun Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Filemon Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew H Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Mohapatra S, Tripathi S, Sharma V, Basu A. Regulation of microglia-mediated inflammation by host lncRNA Gm20559 upon flaviviral infection. Cytokine 2023; 172:156383. [PMID: 37801852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) and West Nile Viruses (WNV) are neurotropic flaviviruses which cause neuronal death and exaggerated glial activation in the central nervous system. Role of host long non coding RNAs in shaping microglial inflammation upon flavivirus infections has been unexplored. This study attempted to decipher the role of lncRNA Gm20559 in regulating microglial inflammatory response in context of flaviviruses. METHODS Antisense oligonucleotide LNA Gapmers designed against lncRNA Gm20559 and non-specific site (negative control) were used for Gm20559 knockdown in JEV and WNV-infected N9 microglial cells. Upon establishing successful Gm20559 knockdown, expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and RIG-I were checked by qRT-PCR and cytometric bead array. Western Blotting was done to analyse the phosphorylation level of various inflammatory markers and viral non-structural protein expression. Plaque Assays were employed to quantify viral titres in microglial supernatant upon knocking down Gm20559. Effect of microglial supernatant on HT22 neuronal cells was assessed by checking expression of apoptotic protein and viral non-structural protein by Western Blotting. RESULTS Upregulation in Gm20559 expression was observed in BALB/c pup brains, primary microglia as well as N9 microglia cell line upon both JEV and WNV infection. Knockdown of Gm20559 in JEV and WNV-infected N9 cell led to the reduction of major proinflammatory cytokines - IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10 and IFN-β. Inhibition of Gm20559 upon JEV infection in N9 microglia also led to downregulation of RIG-I and OAS-2, which was not the case in WNV-infected N9 microglia. Phosphorylation level of P38 MAPK was reduced in case of JEV-infected N9 microglia and not WNV-infected N9 microglia. Whereas phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway was unchanged upon Gm20559 knockdown in both JEV and WNV-infected N9 microglia. However, treating HT22 cells with JEV and WNV-infected microglial supernatant with and without Gm20559 could not trigger cell death or influence viral replication. CONCLUSION Knockdown studies on lncRNA Gm20559 suggests its pivotal role in maintaining the inflammatory milieu of microglia in flaviviral infection by modulating the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, Gm20559-induced increased microglial proinflammatory response upon flavivirus infection fails to trigger neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Mohapatra
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Shraddha Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India.
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Zhu S, Tang Y, Diao Y. Development and biochemical characteristics of a monoclonal antibody against prM protein of Tembusu virus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103065. [PMID: 37751643 PMCID: PMC10522996 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV), a pathogenic member of the Flavivirus family, is an infectious diseases that seriously jeopardize duck health in 2010 in China. TMUV disease causes significant economic losses to the duck industry. This study aimed to prepare monoclonal antibodies against TMUV prM protein and to identify their epitopes. The 501bp prM gene was amplified to the pET-32a prokaryotic expression vector and expressed as a recombinant protein of size 38 KD in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant proteins were inoculated into BALB/c mice to generate splenic lymphocytes capable of secreting anti-prM antibodies, and hybridoma cells were obtained after fusion with SP2/0 cells. A new hybridoma cell line named B27, which stably secreted IgG1-antibody against TMUV prM with high antibody titers up to 1:1:3,276,800 was screened. This monoclonal antibody (mAb) is well specific and can be used for ELISA/Western-blot (WB)/indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) etc. The mAb B27 has poor neutralization ability and concentration dependence, with a maximum neutralization degree of 23.87% at antibody dilution 10-6. Next, we truncated prM gene and expressed the truncated protein to screen antigen epitopes. The mAb's linear antigen epitope of the TMUV prM protein was first identified and was accurate to 6 consecutive amino acids 59GYEPED64, which located in the pr protein. Bioinformatic analysis showed that this antigenic epitope was located on the surface of the antigen, which was conducive to the direct contact of antigen antibody and conformed to the properties of antigenic epitopes. In addition, its 6 amino acids are highly homologous among 27 published TMUV strains, indicating that its epitope is stable. This study will help to further understand the protein structure and the function of prM, and lay the foundation for establishing specific prM detection methods and the mechanistic study of TMUV prM protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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26
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Putri GN, Gudla CS, Singh M, Ng CH, Idris FFH, Oo Y, Tan JHY, Wong JFJ, Chu JJH, Selvam V, Selvaraj SS, Shandil RK, Narayanan S, Alonso S. Expanding the anti-flaviviral arsenal: Discovery of a baicalein-derived Compound with potent activity against DENV and ZIKV. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105739. [PMID: 37944824 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
With approximately 3.8 billion people at risk of infection in tropical and sub-tropical regions, Dengue ranks among the top ten threats worldwide. Despite the potential for severe disease manifestation and the economic burden it places on endemic countries, there is a lack of approved antiviral agents to effectively treat the infection. Flavonoids, including baicalein, have garnered attention for their antimicrobial properties. In this study, we took a rational and iterative approach to develop a series of baicalein derivatives with improved antiviral activity against Dengue virus (DENV). Compound 11064 emerged as a promising lead candidate, exhibiting antiviral activity against the four DENV serotypes and representative strains of Zika virus (ZIKV) in vitro, with attractive selectivity indices. Mechanistic studies revealed that Compound 11064 did not prevent DENV attachment at the cell surface, nor viral RNA synthesis and viral protein translation. Instead, the drug was found to impair the post-receptor binding entry steps (endocytosis and/or uncoating), as well as the late stage of DENV infection cycle, including virus assembly/maturation and/or exocytosis. The inability to raise DENV resistant mutants, combined with significant antiviral activity against an unrelated RNA virus (Enterovirus-A71) suggested that Compound 11064 targets the host rather than a viral protein, further supporting its broad-spectrum antiviral potential. Overall, Compound 11064 represents a promising antiviral candidate for the treatment of Dengue and Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Nadya Putri
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mayas Singh
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chin Huan Ng
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fakhriedzwan Fitri Haji Idris
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukei Oo
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Hwee Yee Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Feng Jie Wong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vignesh Selvam
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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27
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Henriques P, Rosa A, Caldeira-Araújo H, Soares P, Vigário AM. Flying under the radar - impact and factors influencing asymptomatic DENV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1284651. [PMID: 38076464 PMCID: PMC10704250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of DENV and other Flaviviruses infections represents a spectrum of severity that ranges from mild manifestations to severe disease, which can ultimately lead to death. Nonetheless, most of these infections result in an asymptomatic outcome that may play an important role in the persistent circulation of these viruses. Also, although little is known about the mechanisms that lead to these asymptomatic infections, they are likely the result of a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Specific characteristics of the infecting viral strain, such as its replicating efficiency, coupled with host factors, like gene expression of key molecules involved in the immune response or in the protection against disease, are among crucial factors to study. This review revisits recent data on factors that may contribute to the asymptomatic outcome of the world's widespread DENV, highlighting the importance of silent infections in the transmission of this pathogen and the immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henriques
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Caldeira-Araújo
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Auroni TT, Arora K, Natekar JP, Pathak H, Elsharkawy A, Kumar M. The critical role of interleukin-6 in protection against neurotropic flavivirus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1275823. [PMID: 38053527 PMCID: PMC10694511 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1275823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses causing encephalitis globally. No specific drug or therapy exists to treat flavivirus-induced neurological diseases. The lack of specific therapeutics underscores an urgent need to determine the function of important host factors involved in flavivirus replication and disease progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) upregulation has been observed during viral infections in both mice and humans, implying that it may influence the disease outcome significantly. Herein, we investigated the function of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flavivirus infections. First, we examined the role of IL-6 in flavivirus-infected human neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-SH, and found that IL-6 neutralization increased the WNV or JEV replication and inhibited the expression of key cytokines. We further evaluated the role of IL-6 by infecting primary mouse cells derived from IL-6 knockout (IL-6-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) mice with WNV or JEV. The results exhibited increased virus yields in the cells lacking the IL-6 gene. Next, our in vivo approach revealed that IL-6-/- mice had significantly higher morbidity and mortality after subcutaneous infection with the pathogenic WNV NY99 or JEV Nakayama strain compared to WT mice. The non-pathogenic WNV Eg101 strain did not cause mortality in WT mice but resulted in 60% mortality in IL-6-/- mice, indicating that IL-6 is required for the survival of mice after the peripheral inoculation of WNV or JEV. We also observed significantly higher viremia and brain viral load in IL-6-/- mice than in WT mice. Subsequently, we explored innate immune responses in WT and IL-6-/- mice after WNV NY99 infection. Our data demonstrated that the IL-6-/- mice had reduced levels of key cytokines in the serum during early infection but elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain later, along with suppressed anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, mRNA expression of IFN-α and IFN-β was significantly lower in the infected IL-6-/- mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that the lack of IL-6 exacerbates WNV or JEV infection in vitro and in vivo by causing an increase in virus replication and dysregulating host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Weiß R, Issmail L, Rockstroh A, Grunwald T, Fertey J, Ulbert S. Immunization with different recombinant West Nile virus envelope proteins induces varying levels of serological cross-reactivity and protection from infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1279147. [PMID: 38035335 PMCID: PMC10684968 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1279147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Especially in the elderly or in immunocompromised individuals an infection with WNV can lead to severe neurological symptoms. To date, no human vaccine against WNV is available. The Envelope (E) protein, located at the surface of flaviviruses, is involved in the invasion into host cells and is the major target for neutralizing antibodies and therefore central to vaccine development. Due to their close genetic and structural relationship, flaviviruses share highly conserved epitopes, such as the fusion loop domain (FL) in the E protein, that are recognized by cross-reactive antibodies. These antibodies can lead to enhancement of infection with heterologous flaviviruses, which is a major concern for potential vaccines in areas with co-circulation of different flaviviruses, e.g. Dengue or Zika viruses. Material To reduce the potential of inducing cross-reactive antibodies, we performed an immunization study in mice using WNV E proteins with either wild type sequence or a mutated FL, and WNV E domain III which does not contain the FL at all. Results and discussion Our data show that all antigens induce high levels of WNV-binding antibodies. However, the level of protection against WNV varied, with the wildtype E protein inducing full, the other antigens only partial protection. On the other hand, serological cross-reactivity to heterologous flaviviruses was significantly reduced after immunization with the mutated E protein or domain III as compared to the wild type version. These results have indications for choosing antigens with the optimal specificity and efficacy in WNV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Zhou N, Huang E, Guo X, Xiong Y, Xie J, Cai T, Du Y, Wu Q, Guo S, Han W, Zhang H, Xing D, Zhao T, Jiang Y. Cell fusing agent virus isolated from Aag2 cells does not vertically transmit in Aedes aegypti via artificial infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:402. [PMID: 37932781 PMCID: PMC10626676 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first insect-specific virus to be characterized, and has been reported to negatively influence the growth of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and La Cross, making it a promising biocontrol agent for mosquito-borne disease prevention. Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells were naturally infected with CFAV. However, the ability of this virus to stably colonize an Ae. aegypti population via artificial infection and how it influences the vector competence of this mosquito have yet to be demonstrated. METHODS CFAV used in this study was harvested from Aag2 cells and its complete genome sequence was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends, followed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of newly identified CFAV sequences and other sequences retrieved from GenBank was performed. CFAV stock was inoculated into Ae. aegypti by intrathoracic injection, the survival of parental mosquitoes was monitored and CFAV copies in the whole bodies, ovaries, and carcasses of the injected F0 generation and in the whole bodies of the F1 generation on different days were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The virus harvested from Aag2 cells comprised a mixture of three CFAV strains. All genome sequences of CFAV derived from Aag2 cells clustered into one clade but were far from those isolated or identified from Ae. aegypti. Aag2-derived CFAV efficiently replicated in the mosquito body and did not attenuate the survival of Ae. aegypti. However, the viral load in the ovarian tissues was much lower than that in other tissues and the virus could not passage to the offspring by vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that Aag2-derived CFAV was not vertically transmitted in Ae. aegypti and provide valuable information on the colonization of mosquitoes by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Zhou
- Public Health School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Enjiong Huang
- Fuzhou International Travel Healthcare Center, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yiping Xiong
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Public Health School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yutong Du
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qixing Wu
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wanrong Han
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Hengduan Zhang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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31
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MacIntyre C, Lourens C, Mendes A, de Villiers M, Avenant T, du Plessis NM, Leendertz FH, Venter M. West Nile Virus, an Underdiagnosed Cause of Acute Fever of Unknown Origin and Neurological Disease among Hospitalized Patients in South Africa. Viruses 2023; 15:2207. [PMID: 38005884 PMCID: PMC10674603 DOI: 10.3390/v15112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is endemic to South Africa. However, its contribution to acute febrile and neurological disease in hospitalized patients in South Africa is unknown. This study examined two patient cohorts for WNV using molecular testing and IgM serology with confirmation of serological results by viral neutralization tests (VNT) to address this knowledge gap. Univariate analysis was performed using collected demographic and clinical information to identify risk factors. In the first cohort, 219 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with acute neurological disease in Gauteng hospitals collected in January to June 2017 were tested for WNV. The study identified WNV in 8/219 (3.65%, 95.00% CI (1.59-7.07)) patients with unsolved neurological infections. The second cohort, from 2019 to 2021, included 441 patients enrolled between January and June with acute febrile or neurological disease from urban and rural sites in Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces. West Nile virus was diagnosed in 40/441 (9.07%, 95.00% CI (6.73-12.12)) of patients, of which 29/40 (72.50%, 95.00% CI (56.11-85.40)) had neurological signs, including headaches, encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Notably, most of the cases were identified in children although adolescents and senior adults had a significantly higher risk of testing WNV positive. This suggests a previously underestimated disease burden and that WNV might be underrecognized as a cause of febrile and neurological diseases in hospitalized patients in South Africa, especially in children. This emphasizes the importance of further research and awareness regarding arboviruses of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin MacIntyre
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Carla Lourens
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Adriano Mendes
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Maryke de Villiers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa;
| | - Theunis Avenant
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (T.A.); (N.M.d.P.)
| | - Nicolette M. du Plessis
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (T.A.); (N.M.d.P.)
| | - Fabian H. Leendertz
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health and University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.M.)
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Li Y, Merbah M, Wollen-Roberts S, Beckman B, Mdluli T, Curtis DJ, Currier JR, Mendez-Rivera L, Dussupt V, Krebs SJ, De La Barrera R, Michael NL, Paquin-Proulx D, Eller MA, Koren MA, Modjarrad K, Rolland M. Priming with Japanese encephalitis virus or yellow fever virus vaccination led to the recognition of multiple flaviviruses without boosting antibody responses induced by an inactivated Zika virus vaccine. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104815. [PMID: 37793212 PMCID: PMC10562857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex patterns of cross-reactivity exist between flaviviruses, yet there is no precise understanding of how sequential exposures due to flavivirus infections or vaccinations impact subsequent antibody responses. METHODS We investigated whether B cell priming from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) or yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination impacted binding and functional antibody responses to flaviviruses following vaccination with a Zika virus (ZIKV) purified inactivated virus (ZPIV) vaccine. Binding antibody responses and Fc gamma receptor engagement against 23 flavivirus antigens were characterized along with neutralization titres and Fc effector responses in 75 participants at six time points. FINDINGS We found no evidence that priming with JEV or YFV vaccines improved the magnitude of ZPIV induced antibody responses to ZIKV. Binding antibodies and Fc gamma receptor engagement to ZIKV antigens did not differ significantly across groups, while antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and neutralizing responses were higher in the naïve group than in the JEV and YFV primed groups following the second ZPIV immunization (p ≤ 0.02). After a third dose of ZPIV, ADCP responses remained higher in the naïve group than in the primed groups. However, priming affected the quality of the response following ZPIV vaccination, as primed individuals recognized a broader array of flavivirus antigens than individuals in the naïve group. INTERPRETATION While a priming vaccination to either JEV or YFV did not boost ZIKV-specific responses upon ZIKV vaccination, the qualitatively different responses elicited in the primed groups highlight the complexity in the cross-reactive antibody responses to flaviviruses. FUNDING This work was supported by a cooperative agreement between The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of the Army [W81XWH-18-2-0040]. The work was also funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) R01AI155983 to SJK and KM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mélanie Merbah
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Wollen-Roberts
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradley Beckman
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thembi Mdluli
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Curtis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rafael De La Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Koren
- Viral Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Manzato VDM, Di Santo C, Torquato RJS, Coelho C, Gallo G, Hardy L, Würtele M, Tanaka AS. Boophilin D1, a Kunitz type protease inhibitor, as a source of inhibitors for the ZIKA virus NS2B-NS3 protease. Biochimie 2023; 214:96-101. [PMID: 37364769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are a global concern for a multitude of reasons, including their increased incidence and human mortality. Vectors associated with arboviruses include the mosquito Aedes sp., which is responsible for transmitting the Zika virus. Flaviviruses, like the Zika virus, present only one chymotrypsin-like serine protease (NS3) in their genome. Together with host enzymes, the NS2B co-factor NS3 protease complex are essential for the viral replication cycle by virus polyprotein processing. To search for Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease (ZIKVPro) inhibitors, a phage display library was constructed using the Boophilin domain 1 (BoophD1), a thrombin inhibitor from the Kunitz family. A BoophilinD1 library mutated at positions P1-P4' was constructed, presenting a titer of 2.9x106 (cfu), and screened utilizing purified ZIKVPro. The results demonstrated at the P1-P4' positions the occurrence of 47% RALHA sequence (mut 12) and 11.8% RASWA sequence (mut14), SMRPT, or KALIP (wt) sequence. BoophD1-wt and mutants 12 and 14 were expressed and purified. The purified BoophD1 wt, mut 12 and 14, presented Ki values for ZIKVPro of 0.103, 0.116, and 0.101 μM, respectively. The BoophD1 mutant inhibitors inhibit the Dengue virus 2 protease (DENV2) with Ki values of 0.298, 0.271, and 0.379 μM, respectively. In conclusion, BoophD1 mut 12 and 14 selected for ZIKVPro demonstrated inhibitory activity like BoophD1-wt, suggesting that these are the strongest Zika inhibitors present in the BoophD1 mutated phage display library. Furthermore, BoophD1 mutants selected for ZIKVPro inhibit both Zika and Dengue 2 proteases making them potential pan-flavivirus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica de Moraes Manzato
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Di Santo
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jose Soares Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Coelho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gloria Gallo
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leon Hardy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Martin Würtele
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Sadae Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), RJ, Brazil.
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Kuhn RJ, Barrett ADT, Desilva AM, Harris E, Kramer LD, Montgomery RR, Pierson TC, Sette A, Diamond MS. A Prototype-Pathogen Approach for the Development of Flavivirus Countermeasures. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S398-S413. [PMID: 37849402 PMCID: PMC10582523 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a genus within the Flaviviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses and are transmitted principally through mosquito and tick vectors. These viruses are responsible for hundreds of millions of human infections worldwide per year that result in a range of illnesses from self-limiting febrile syndromes to severe neurotropic and viscerotropic diseases and, in some cases, death. A vaccine against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been deployed for 85 years and is highly effective. While vaccines against some medically important flaviviruses are available, others have proven challenging to develop. The emergence and spread of flaviviruses, including dengue virus and Zika virus, demonstrate their pandemic potential. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to allow for the rapid development of vaccines against emerging flaviviruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Aravinda M Desilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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35
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Tsai PS, Du PX, Keskin BB, Lee NY, Wan SW, Lin YL, Su WY, Lin PC, Lin WH, Shih HC, Ho TS, Syu GD. Antibody Profiling of Dengue Severities Using Flavivirus Protein Microarrays. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15217-15226. [PMID: 37800729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization, about half of the world's population is at risk of dengue. There are four serotypes of the dengue virus. After infection with one serotype, it will be immune to such a serotype. However, subsequent infection with other serotypes will increase the risk of severe outcomes, e.g., dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, and even death. Since severe dengue is challenging to predict and lacks molecular markers, we aim to build a multiplexed Flavivirus protein microarray (Flaviarray) that includes all of the common Flaviviruses to profile the humoral immunity and cross-reactivity in the dengue patients with different outcomes. The Flaviarrays we fabricated contained 17 Flavivirus antigens with high reproducibility (R-square = 0.96) and low detection limits (172-214 pg). We collected serums from healthy subjects (n = 36) and dengue patients within 7 days after symptom onset (mild dengue (n = 21), hospitalized nonsevere dengue (n = 29), and severe dengue (n = 36)). After profiling the serum antibodies using Flaviarrays, we found that patients with severe dengue showed higher IgG levels against multiple Flavivirus antigens. With logistic regression, we found groups of markers with high performance in distinguishing dengue patients from healthy controls as well as hospitalized from mild cases (AUC > 0.9). We further reported some single markers that were suitable to separate dengue patients from healthy controls (AUC > 0.9) and hospitalized from mild outcomes (AUC > 0.8). Together, Flaviarray is a valuable tool to profile antibody specificities, uncover novel markers for decision-making, and shed some light on early preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Batuhan Birol Keskin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Pinheiro BSS, Rodrigues JG, Dias FCR, de Oliveira Gomes A, de Lucca Moreira Gomes M. Hepatic damage caused by flaviviruses: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 331:122074. [PMID: 37683724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses infect arthropods and mammals and their pathologies are a considerable global health problem, affecting about 400 million people per year. The symptoms of these flaviviruses range from mild manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, and headache to more serious cases such as hemorrhage, meningitis, microcephaly, kidney, and liver failure. This review aims to compile the morphological changes that occur due to infections caused by dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, as well as to describe possible mechanisms of action of such flaviviruses in the liver. PRISMA guidelines were used to search for studies associating flavivirus with liver disorders. Two independent reviewers selected the studies on PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus search platforms. The SYRCLE software was used for the evaluation of the study's quality. Eighteen experimental articles were included. The experimental animals often used in experiments were monkeys (5 %), hamsters (10 %), chicken embryos (10 %), and mice (75 %). It is evident that there is a strong hepatic interaction with flaviviruses, and the main hepatic alterations found were steatosis, apoptosis, necrosis, hemorrhage, elevation of ALT and AST levels, and total bilirubin. Flavivirus infection, in general, trigger an upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to structural changes in mitochondria that activate cascades of cellular death and promote insulin resistance. The majority of the studies primarily focus on dengue and yellow fever viruses, while the findings related to Zika virus exposure are still relatively limited and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santana Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Julia Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro Dias
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angelica de Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Lucca Moreira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.
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Körsten C, Reemtsma H, Ziegler U, Fischer S, Tews BA, Groschup MH, Silaghi C, Vasic A, Holicki CM. Cellular co-infections of West Nile virus and Usutu virus influence virus growth kinetics. Virol J 2023; 20:234. [PMID: 37833787 PMCID: PMC10576383 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne flaviviruses West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) pose a significant threat to the health of humans and animals. Both viruses co-circulate in numerous European countries including Germany. Due to their overlapping host and vector ranges, there is a high risk of co-infections. However, it is largely unknown if WNV and USUV interact and how this might influence their epidemiology. Therefore, in-vitro infection experiments in mammalian (Vero B4), goose (GN-R) and mosquito cell lines (C6/36, CT) were performed to investigate potential effects of co-infections in vectors and vertebrate hosts. The growth kinetics of German and other European WNV and USUV strains were determined and compared. Subsequently, simultaneous co-infections were performed with selected WNV and USUV strains. The results show that the growth of USUV was suppressed by WNV in all cell lines. This effect was independent of the virus lineage but depended on the set WNV titre. The replication of WNV also decreased in co-infection scenarios on vertebrate cells. Overall, co-infections might lead to a decreased growth of USUV in mosquitoes and of both viruses in vertebrate hosts. These interactions can strongly affect the epidemiology of USUV and WNV in areas where they co-circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Körsten
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Hannah Reemtsma
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Birke A Tews
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ana Vasic
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cora M Holicki
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Bergmann F, Holicki CM, Michel F, Bock S, Scuda N, Priemer G, Kenklies S, Siempelkamp T, Skuballa J, Sauerwald C, Herms L, Muluneh A, Peters M, Hlinak A, Groschup MH, Sadeghi B, Ziegler U. Reconstruction of the molecular evolution of Usutu virus in Germany: Insights into virus emersion and circulation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011203. [PMID: 37782665 PMCID: PMC10569574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is widely distributed in southern and central Europe. The zoonotic virus circulates primarily between birds and mosquitoes, can, however, in rare cases infect other mammals including humans. In the past, USUV has been repeatedly associated with mass mortalities in birds, primarily blackbirds and owls. Birds commonly succumb either due to the peracute nature of the infection or due to severe encephalitis. In Germany, USUV has spread rapidly since its first detection in 2010 in mosquitoes under the presence of susceptible host and vector species. Nonetheless, there is to date limited access to whole genome sequences resulting in the absence of in-depth phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses. In this study, 118 wild and captive birds were sequenced using a nanopore sequencing platform with prior target enrichment via amplicons. Due to the high abundancy of Europe 3 and Africa 3 in Germany an ample quantity of associated whole genome sequences was generated and the most recent common ancestor could be determined for each lineage. The corresponding clock phylogeny revealed an introduction of USUV Europe 3 and Africa 3 into Germany three years prior to their first isolation in the avifauna in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Based on the clustering and temporal history of the lineages, evidence exists for the genetic evolution of USUV within Germany as well as new introductions thereof into the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Bergmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Cora M. Holicki
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Friederike Michel
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sabine Bock
- Berlin-Brandenburg State Laboratory, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Nelly Scuda
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Grit Priemer
- State Office of Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LALLF), Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Kenklies
- State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt (LAV), Stendal, Germany
| | - Timo Siempelkamp
- Thuringian State Office for Consumer Protection, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Jasmin Skuballa
- State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Sauerwald
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hessian State Laboratory, Gießen, Germany
| | - Louise Herms
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aemero Muluneh
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (CVUA), Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hlinak
- Berlin-Brandenburg State Laboratory, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Lubow J, Levoir LM, Ralph DK, Belmont L, Contreras M, Cartwright-Acar CH, Kikawa C, Kannan S, Davidson E, Duran V, Rebellon-Sanchez DE, Sanz AM, Rosso F, Doranz BJ, Einav S, Matsen IV FA, Goo L. Single B cell transcriptomics identifies multiple isotypes of broadly neutralizing antibodies against flaviviruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011722. [PMID: 37812640 PMCID: PMC10586629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential dengue virus (DENV) infections often generate neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV serotypes and sometimes, Zika virus. Characterizing cross-flavivirus broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses can inform countermeasures that avoid enhancement of infection associated with non-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used single cell transcriptomics to mine the bnAb repertoire following repeated DENV infections. We identified several new bnAbs with comparable or superior breadth and potency to known bnAbs, and with distinct recognition determinants. Unlike all known flavivirus bnAbs, which are IgG1, one newly identified cross-flavivirus bnAb (F25.S02) was derived from IgA1. Both IgG1 and IgA1 versions of F25.S02 and known bnAbs displayed neutralizing activity, but only IgG1 enhanced infection in monocytes expressing IgG and IgA Fc receptors. Moreover, IgG-mediated enhancement of infection was inhibited by IgA1 versions of bnAbs. We demonstrate a role for IgA in flavivirus infection and immunity with implications for vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Lubow
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Levoir
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Duncan K. Ralph
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura Belmont
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maya Contreras
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catiana H. Cartwright-Acar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Caroline Kikawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shruthi Kannan
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edgar Davidson
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Veronica Duran
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ana M. Sanz
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rosso
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Benjamin J. Doranz
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Frederick A. Matsen IV
- Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie Goo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Zhou P, Ma B, Gao Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Jin H, Luo R. Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolutionary dynamics of Tembusu virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:262. [PMID: 37773423 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus associated with acute egg-drop and fatal encephalitis in domestic waterfowl. Since its initial identification in mosquitoes in 1955, TMUV has been confirmed to infect ducks, pigeons, sparrows, geese, and chickens, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. Here, we sequenced two DTMUV strains isolated in 2019 and systematically investigated the possible origin, genetic relationships, evolutionary dynamics, and transmission patterns of TMUV based on complete virus genome sequences in the public database. We found that TMUV can be divided into four major clusters: TMUV, cluster 1, cluster 2, and cluster 3. Interestingly, we found that cluster 2.2 (within cluster 2) is the most commonly involved in interspecies transmission events, and subcluster 2.1.2 (within cluster 2.1) is currently the most prevalent cluster circulating in Asia. Notably, we also identified three positively selected sites in the E and NS1 proteins, which may be involved in virus replication, immune evasion, and host adaptation. Finally, phylogeographic analysis revealed that cluster dispersal originated in Southeast Asia and that short-distance transmission events have occurred frequently. Altogether, these data provide novel insights into the evolution and dispersal of TMUV, facilitating the development of rapid diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics against TMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yumin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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41
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Dobrzyńska M, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Skrzydlewska E. Metabolic response to CNS infection with flaviviruses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:218. [PMID: 37775774 PMCID: PMC10542253 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses found worldwide that, when introduced into the human body, cause diseases, including neuroinfections, that can lead to serious metabolic consequences and even death. Some of the diseases caused by flaviviruses occur continuously in certain regions, while others occur intermittently or sporadically, causing epidemics. Some of the most common flaviviruses are West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Since all the above-mentioned viruses are capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier through different mechanisms, their actions also affect the central nervous system (CNS). Like other viruses, flaviviruses, after entering the human body, contribute to redox imbalance and, consequently, to oxidative stress, which promotes inflammation in skin cells, in the blood and in CNS. This review focuses on discussing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from pathogen invasion on the metabolic antiviral response of the host, and the ability of viruses to evade the consequences of metabolic changes or exploit them for increased replication and further progression of infection, which affects the development of sequelae and difficulties in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dobrzyńska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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42
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Proudmore K, Krause VL, Currie BJ, Baird R. Fallibility and flaviviruses: a diagnostic lesson in Japanese encephalitis. Med J Aust 2023; 219:253-254. [PMID: 37573147 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicki L Krause
- Centre for Disease Control, Department of Health, Darwin, NT
| | - Bart J Currie
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT
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43
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Xian X, Yang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Comparison of endocytosis pathways of Duck Tembusu virus in BHK-21 and duck embryo fibroblasts. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102891. [PMID: 37454644 PMCID: PMC10384660 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a zoonotic flavivirus characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis and decreasing egg production that has adversely affected the poultry industry. While the way of invasion of DTMUV into different host cells, especially primary cells, remains elusive. In the present study, the ultrastructural pathological characteristics showed that DTMUV underwent a typical maturation and replication process: progeny virus particles gathered in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae, reached the cell membrane via Golgi body's endocrine channel, then were released in the infected baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Endoplasmic reticulum vesicles in BHK-21 were short rods and densely arranged like honeycombs, whereas vesicles in DEF were round and dispersed. Further study showed that the virus replication peak in mammalian BHK-21 cells was at 48 hpi, whereas in avian DEF cells was at 24 hpi. DTMUV entry into BHK-21 and DEF cells was blocked by clathrin inhibitor, chlorpromazine (CPZ), indicating that the flavivirus DTMUV enters BHK-21 and DEF both via a clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway rather than caveola-mediated endocytosis or micropinocytosis. The endocytic difference in DTMUV entry into BHK-21 and DEF cells might provide insight into understanding the underlying virulence difference between passaged cells and cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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44
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Nogueira CO, Rocha T, Messor DF, Souza INO, Clarke JR. Fundamental neurochemistry review: Glutamatergic dysfunction as a central mechanism underlying flavivirus-induced neurological damage. J Neurochem 2023; 166:915-927. [PMID: 37603368 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The Flaviviridae family comprises positive-sense single-strand RNA viruses mainly transmitted by arthropods. Many of these pathogens are especially deleterious to the nervous system, and a myriad of neurological symptoms have been associated with infections by Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans. Studies suggest that viral replication in neural cells and the massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators lead to morphological alterations of synaptic spine structure and changes in the balance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and receptors. Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and studies propose that either enhanced release or impaired uptake of this amino acid contributes to brain damage in several conditions. Here, we review existing evidence suggesting that glutamatergic dysfunction-induced by flaviviruses is a central mechanism for neurological damage and clinical outcomes of infection. We also discuss current data suggesting that pharmacological approaches that counteract glutamatergic dysfunction show benefits in animal models of such viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara O Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Messor
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis N O Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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45
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Bourdon M, Manet C, Conquet L, Ramaugé Parra C, Kornobis E, Bonnefoy E, Montagutelli X. Susceptibility to Zika virus in a Collaborative Cross mouse strain is induced by Irf3 deficiency in vitro but requires other variants in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011446. [PMID: 37733807 PMCID: PMC10547207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus responsible for recent epidemics in Pacific Islands and in the Americas. In humans, the consequences of ZIKV infection range from asymptomatic infection to severe neurological disease such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or fetal neurodevelopmental defects, suggesting, among other factors, the influence of host genetic variants. We previously reported similar diverse outcomes of ZIKV infection in mice of the Collaborative Cross (CC), a collection of inbred strains with large genetic diversity. CC071/TauUnc (CC071) was the most susceptible CC strain with severe symptoms and lethality. Notably, CC071 has been recently reported to be also susceptible to other flaviviruses including dengue virus, Powassan virus, West Nile virus, and to Rift Valley fever virus. To identify the genetic origin of this broad susceptibility, we investigated ZIKV replication in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from CC071 and two resistant strains. CC071 showed uncontrolled ZIKV replication associated with delayed induction of type-I interferons (IFN-I). Genetic analysis identified a mutation in the Irf3 gene specific to the CC071 strain which prevents the protein phosphorylation required to activate interferon beta transcription. We demonstrated that this mutation induces the same defective IFN-I response and uncontrolled viral replication in MEFs as an Irf3 knock-out allele. By contrast, we also showed that Irf3 deficiency did not induce the high plasma viral load and clinical severity observed in CC071 mice and that susceptibility alleles at other genes, not associated with the IFN-I response, are required. Our results provide new insight into the in vitro and in vivo roles of Irf3, and into the genetic complexity of host responses to flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bourdon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Manet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eliette Bonnefoy
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Paris, France
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Lata K, Charles S, Mangala Prasad V. Advances in computational approaches to structure determination of alphaviruses and flaviviruses using cryo-electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107993. [PMID: 37414374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have greatly contributed to our current understanding of virus structures and life cycles. In this review, we discuss the application of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) for the structure elucidation of small enveloped icosahedral viruses, namely, alpha- and flaviviruses. We focus on technical advances in cryo-EM data collection, image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction, and refinement strategies for obtaining high-resolution structures of these viruses. Each of these developments enabled new insights into the alpha- and flavivirus architecture, leading to a better understanding of their biology, pathogenesis, immune response, immunogen design, and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Lata
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sylvia Charles
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Vidya Mangala Prasad
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
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47
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Graham ME, Merrick C, Akiyama BM, Szucs MJ, Leach S, Kieft JS, Beckham JD. Zika virus dumbbell-1 structure is critical for sfRNA presence and cytopathic effect during infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0110823. [PMID: 37417764 PMCID: PMC10470596 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01108-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All flaviviruses contain conserved RNA structures in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) that are important for flavivirus RNA replication, translation, and pathogenesis. Flaviviruses like Zika virus (ZIKV) contain multiple conserved RNA structures in the viral 3' UTR, including the structure known as dumbbell-1 (DB-1). Previous research has shown that the DB-1 structure is important for flavivirus positive-strand genome replication, but the functional role of the flavivirus DB-1 structure and the mechanism by which it contributes to viral pathogenesis are not known. Using the recently solved flavivirus DB RNA structural data, we designed two DB-1 mutant ZIKV infectious clones, termed ZIKV-TL.PK and ZIKV-p.2.5', which disrupt DB-1 tertiary folding. We found that viral positive-strand genome replication of both ZIKV DB-1 mutant clones is similar to wild-type (WT) ZIKV, but ZIKV DB-1 mutants exhibit significantly decreased cytopathic effect due to reduced caspase-3 activation. We next show that ZIKV DB-1 mutants exhibit decreased levels of sfRNA species compared to ZIKV-WT during infection. However, ZIKV DB-1 mutant 3' UTRs exhibit unchanged sfRNA biogenesis following XRN1 degradation in vitro. We also found that ZIKV DB-1 mutant virus (ZIKV-p.2.5') exhibited enhanced sensitivity to type I interferon treatment, and both ZIKV-DB-1 mutants exhibit reduced morbidity and mortality due to tissue-specific attenuated viral replication in brain tissue of interferon type I/II receptor knockout mice. We propose that the flavivirus DB-1 RNA structure maintains sfRNA levels during infection despite maintained sfRNA biogenesis, and these results indicate that ZIKV DB-dependent maintenance of sfRNA levels support caspase-3-dependent, cytopathic effect, type I interferon resistance, and viral pathogenesis in mammalian cells and in a ZIKV murine model of disease. IMPORTANCE The group of viruses termed flaviviruses cause important disease throughout the world and include dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and many more. All of these flaviviruses have highly conserved RNA structures in the untranslated regions of the virus genome. One of the shared RNA structures, termed the dumbbell region, is not well studied, but mutations in this region are important for vaccine development. In this study, we made structure-informed targeted mutations in the Zika virus dumbbell region and studied the effect on the virus. We found that Zika virus dumbbell mutants are significantly weakened or attenuated due to a decreased ability to produce non-coding RNA that is needed to support infection, support virus-induced cell death, and support escape from the host immune system. These data show that targeted mutations in the flavivirus dumbbell RNA structure may be an important approach to develop future vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E. Graham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Camille Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Akiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew J. Szucs
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Leach
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Kieft
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J. David Beckham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Manzi S, Nelli L, Fortuna C, Severini F, Toma L, Di Luca M, Michelutti A, Bertola M, Gradoni F, Toniolo F, Sgubin S, Lista F, Pazienza M, Montarsi F, Pombi M. A modified BG-Sentinel trap equipped with FTA card as a novel tool for mosquito-borne disease surveillance: a field test for flavivirus detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12840. [PMID: 37553350 PMCID: PMC10409816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of pathogens in vectors is important in preventing the spread of arboviral diseases, providing a timely indicator of pathogen circulation before outbreaks occur. However, entomological surveillance may face logistical constraints, such as maintaining the cold chain, and resource limitations, such as the field and laboratory workload of mosquito processing. We propose an FTA card-based trapping system that aims to simplify both field and laboratory phases of arbovirus surveillance. We modified a BG-Sentinel trap to include a mosquito collection chamber and a sugar feeding source through an FTA card soaked in a long-lasting viscous solution of honey and hydroxy-cellulose hydrogel. The FTA card ensures environmental preservation of nucleic acids, allowing continuous collection and feeding activity of specimens for several days and reducing the effort required for viral detection. We tested the trap prototype during two field seasons (2019 and 2021) in North-eastern Italy and compared it to CDC-CO2 trapping applied in West Nile and Usutu virus regional surveillance. Collections by the BG-FTA approach detected high species diversity, including Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus, Culex modestus, Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato and Ochlerotatus caspius. When used for two-days sampling, the BG-FTA trap performed equally to CDC also for the WNV-major vector Cx. pipiens. The FTA cards detected both WNV and USUV, confirming the reliability of this novel approach to detect viral circulation in infectious mosquitoes. We recommend this surveillance approach as a particularly useful alternative in multi-target surveillance, for sampling in remote areas and in contexts characterized by high mosquito densities and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manzi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Nelli
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claudia Fortuna
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Severini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Toma
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Di Luca
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Michelutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Federica Toniolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sofia Sgubin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Istituto di Scienze Biomediche Della Difesa, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Arjomand T, Herrán OF, Mantilla LC, Estupiñán MI, Lozano-Parra A, Gelvez RM, Herrera VM, Villar LA, Villamor E. Dietary Patterns and Anti- Flavivirus IgG Seroconversion in Colombian Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:397-403. [PMID: 37339760 PMCID: PMC10397447 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of flaviviral infections, especially dengue and Zika, is high in the Americas. Malnutrition affects the risk and response to infections, but the role of diet on flaviviral infection risk is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the relations between dietary patterns adherence and anti-flavivirus IgG seroconversion in children during a Zika epidemic in a dengue-endemic area of Colombia. In 2015-2016, we followed 424 anti-flavivirus IgG seronegative children aged 2 to 12 years for 1 year. Baseline data included children's sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary information collected through a 38-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). IgG testing was repeated at the end of follow-up. The primary exposure was adherence to each of four dietary patterns (animal foods, traditional, ultraprocessed foods, and prudent) that were identified from the FFQ through principal component analysis. Secondary exposures were intake frequencies of foods contributing to relevant patterns. We estimated risk of seroconversion by quartiles of adherence scores and compared them using relative risks (RR) and 95% CI from Poisson regression adjusted for sex, age, and socioeconomic status indicators. Seroconversion risk was 32.1%. Adherence to the traditional pattern was positively related to seroconversion. RR comparing fourth versus first quartiles of adherence was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04-2.21; P trend = 0.02). Of the most representative foods in this pattern, potato and sugarcane water intake frequencies were related to increased seroconversion risk. In conclusion, adherence to a traditional foods pattern, including potatoes and sugarcane water, was positively associated with anti-flavivirus IgG seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Arjomand
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Oscar F. Herrán
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Laura C. Mantilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Anyela Lozano-Parra
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Víctor M. Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Villar
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Centro de Atención y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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50
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Angeloni G, Bertola M, Lazzaro E, Morini M, Masi G, Sinigaglia A, Trevisan M, Gossner CM, Haussig JM, Bakonyi T, Capelli G, Barzon L. Epidemiology, surveillance and diagnosis of Usutu virus infection in the EU/EEA, 2012 to 2021. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200929. [PMID: 37589592 PMCID: PMC10436690 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.33.2200929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundUsutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus with an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes; humans are incidental dead-end hosts. In Europe, the virus was first detected in Italy in 1996; since then, it has spread to many European countries.AimWe aimed to report on the epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and prevention of USUV infection in humans, mosquitoes and other animals in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2012 to 2021.MethodsWe collected information through a literature review, an online survey and an expert meeting.ResultsEight countries reported USUV infection in humans (105 cases, including 12 [corrected] with neurological symptoms), 15 countries in birds and seven in mosquitoes. Infected animals were also found among pets, wild and zoo animals. Usutu virus was detected primarily in Culex pipiens but also in six other mosquito species. Detection of USUV infection in humans is notifiable only in Italy, where it is under surveillance since 2017 and now integrated with surveillance in animals in a One Health approach. Several countries include USUV infection in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis and arbovirus infections. Animal USUV infection is not notifiable in any EU/EEA country.ConclusionHuman USUV infections, mainly asymptomatic and, less frequently, with a febrile illness or a neuroinvasive disease, have been reported in several EU/EEA countries, where the virus is endemic. Climate and environmental changes are expected to affect the epidemiology of USUV. A One Health approach could improve the monitoring of its evolution in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Angeloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship
| | - Elena Lazzaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Matteo Morini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, Padua (Padua), Italy
| | - Alessandro Sinigaglia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, Padua (Padua), Italy
| | - Marta Trevisan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, Padua (Padua), Italy
| | - Céline M Gossner
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Joana M Haussig
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Tamas Bakonyi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share last authorship
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, Padua (Padua), Italy
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share last authorship
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