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Domnich A, Ferrari A, Ogliastro M, Orsi A, Icardi G. Web search volume as a near-real-time complementary surveillance tool of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Italy. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102332. [PMID: 38484539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The Internet is an important gateway for accessing health-related information, and data generated through web queries have been increasingly used as a complementary source for monitoring and forecasting of infectious diseases and they may partially address the issue of underreporting. In this study, we assessed whether tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)-related Internet search volume may be useful as a complementary tool for TBE surveillance in Italy. Monthly Google Trends (GT) data for TBE-related information were extracted for the period between January 2017 and September 2022, corresponding to the available time series of TBE notifications in Italy. Time series modeling was performed by applying seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models with or without GT data. The search terms relative to tick bites reflected best the observed temporal distribution of TBE cases, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.71-0.88). Particularly, both the reported number of TBE cases and GT searches occurred mainly during the summer. The peak of disease notifications coincided with that of Google searches in 4 of 6 years. Once calibrated, SARIMA models with or without GT data were applied to a validation set. Retrospective forecast made by the model with GT data was associated with a lower prediction error and accurately predicted the peak timing. By contrast, the traditional SARIMA model underestimated the actual number of TBE notifications by 65 %. Timeliness, easy availability, low cost and transparency make monitoring of the TBE-related Internet search queries a promising addition to the traditional methods of TBE surveillance in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Allegra Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Wu L, Zhang L, Feng S, Chen L, Lin C, Wang G, Zhu Y, Wang P, Cheng G. An evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligase drives infection and transmission of flaviviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317978121. [PMID: 38593069 PMCID: PMC11032495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317978121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) cause hundreds of millions of infections annually. The single-stranded RNA genome of flaviviruses is translated into a polyprotein, which is cleaved equally into individual functional proteins. While structural proteins are packaged into progeny virions and released, most of the nonstructural proteins remain intracellular and could become cytotoxic if accumulated over time. However, the mechanism by which nonstructural proteins are maintained at the levels optimal for cellular fitness and viral replication remains unknown. Here, we identified that the ubiquitin E3 ligase HRD1 is essential for flaviviruses infections in both mammalian hosts and mosquitoes. HRD1 directly interacts with flavivirus NS4A and ubiquitylates a conserved lysine residue for ER-associated degradation. This mechanism avoids excessive accumulation of NS4A, which otherwise interrupts the expression of processed flavivirus proteins in the ER. Furthermore, a small-molecule inhibitor of HRD1 named LS-102 effectively interrupts DENV2 infection in both mice and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and significantly disturbs DENV transmission from the infected hosts to mosquitoes owing to reduced viremia. Taken together, this study demonstrates that flaviviruses have evolved a sophisticated mechanism to exploit the ubiquitination system to balance the homeostasis of viral proteins for their own advantage and provides a potential therapeutic target to interrupt flavivirus infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Wu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Shengyong Feng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Lu Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Cai Lin
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen518055, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming650092, China
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Xu Y, Wang J. The Vector Competence of Asian Longhorned Ticks in Langat Virus Transmission. Viruses 2024; 16:304. [PMID: 38400079 PMCID: PMC10893034 DOI: 10.3390/v16020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis (the longhorned tick), the predominant tick species in China, serves as a vector for a variety of pathogens, and is capable of transmitting the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. However, it is unclear how these ticks transmit TBEV. Langat virus (LGTV), which has a reduced pathogenicity in humans, has been used as a surrogate for TBEV. In this study, we aimed to investigate the vector competence of H. longicornis to transmit LGTV and demonstrate the efficient acquisition and transmission of LGTV between this tick species and mice. LGTV localization was detected in several tick tissues, such as the midgut, salivary glands, and synganglion, using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody targeting the LGTV envelope protein. We demonstrated the horizontal transmission of LGTV to different developmental stages within the same generation but did not see evidence of vertical transmission. It was interesting to note that we observed mice acting as a bridge, facilitating the transmission of LGTV to neighboring naïve ticks during blood feeding. In conclusion, the virus-vector-host model employed in this study provides valuable insights into the replication and transmission of LGTV throughout its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
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Gaffuri A, Sassera D, Calzolari M, Gibelli L, Lelli D, Tebaldi A, Vicari N, Bianchi A, Pigoli C, Cerioli M, Zandonà L, Varisco G, Bertoletti I, Prati P. Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Lombardy, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:341-344. [PMID: 38270164 PMCID: PMC10826753 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis was limited to northeast portions of Italy. We report in Lombardy, a populous region in the northwest, a chamois displaying clinical signs of tickborne encephalitis virus that had multiple virus-positive ticks attached, as well as a symptomatic man. Further, we show serologic evidence of viral circulation in the area.
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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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Albinsson B, Hoffman T, Kolstad L, Bergström T, Bogdanovic G, Heydecke A, Hägg M, Kjerstadius T, Lindroth Y, Petersson A, Stenberg M, Vene S, Ellström P, Rönnberg B, Lundkvist Å. Seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus and vaccination coverage of tick-borne encephalitis, Sweden, 2018 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300221. [PMID: 38214080 PMCID: PMC10785208 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.2.2300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn Sweden, information on seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the population, including vaccination coverage and infection, is scattered. This is largely due to the absence of a national tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination registry, scarcity of previous serological studies and use of serological methods not distinguishing between antibodies induced by vaccination and infection. Furthermore, the number of notified TBE cases in Sweden has continued to increase in recent years despite increased vaccination.AimThe aim was to estimate the TBEV seroprevalence in Sweden.MethodsIn 2018 and 2019, 2,700 serum samples from blood donors in nine Swedish regions were analysed using a serological method that can distinguish antibodies induced by vaccination from antibodies elicited by infection. The regions were chosen to reflect differences in notified TBE incidence.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence varied from 9.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6-13.6%) to 64.0% (95% CI: 58.3-69.4%) between regions. The proportion of vaccinated individuals ranged from 8.7% (95% CI: 5.8-12.6) to 57.0% (95% CI: 51.2-62.6) and of infected from 1.0% (95% CI: 0.2-3.0) to 7.0% (95% CI: 4.5-10.7). Thus, more than 160,000 and 1,600,000 individuals could have been infected by TBEV and vaccinated against TBE, respectively. The mean manifestation index was 3.1%.ConclusionA difference was observed between low- and high-incidence TBE regions, on the overall TBEV seroprevalence and when separated into vaccinated and infected individuals. The estimated incidence and manifestation index argue that a large proportion of TBEV infections are not diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Albinsson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share the first authorship
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Hoffman
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share the first authorship
| | - Linda Kolstad
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gordana Bogdanovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Heydecke
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mirja Hägg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ylva Lindroth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Skåne Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Petersson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenberg
- Laboratory Medical Center Gotland, Visby hospital, Visby, Sweden
| | - Sirkka Vene
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Rönnberg
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yang Q, Ding Y, Yao W, Chen S, Jiang Y, Yang L, Bao G, Yang K, Fan S, Du Q, Wang Q, Wang G. Pathogenicity and Interspecies Transmission of Cluster 3 Tembusu Virus Strain TMUV HQ-22 Isolated from Geese. Viruses 2023; 15:2449. [PMID: 38140690 PMCID: PMC10747935 DOI: 10.3390/v15122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the Tembusu virus (TMUV) has been highly prevalent in China, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. In 2022, a suspected outbreak of TMUV occurred at a goose farm located in Anhui Province. A strain of TMUV, TMUV HQ-22, was isolated from the infected geese. Phylogenetic analysis using the E gene of the HQ-22 strain demonstrated its affiliation with cluster 3, a less commonly reported cluster in comparison to the main circulating cluster, cluster 2. Through a comparison of the envelope (E) protein of HQ-22 with other typical TMUV strains, a mutation at the 157th amino acid position was identified, wherein valine (V) in cluster 3 changed to alanine (A), a characteristic that is unique to cluster 2. These findings highlight the diversity and complexity of the TMUV strains circulating in China. In our experimental analysis, an injection of TMUV HQ-22 into the muscles of 3-day-old goslings resulted in severe neurological symptoms and a mortality rate of 60%. Similarly, the intracranial or intranasal infection of 3-week-old ICR mice with TMUV HQ-22 led to severe neurological symptoms and respective mortality rates of 100% or 10%. In summary, our study isolated a TMUV strain, TMUV HQ-22, from geese that belongs to cluster 3 and exhibits significant pathogenicity in both goslings and ICR mice. These results emphasize the genetic diversity of the TMUV circulating in China and expand the host range beyond mosquitoes to include ducks, chickens, geese, and even mice. It is crucial to not underestimate the risk of TMUV infection in mammals, warranting our utmost attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yingying Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Weiping Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shuyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yaqian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Linping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Guangbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shinuo Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
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Patar AK, Borah SM, Barman J, Bora A, Baruah TJ. Dronabinol as an answer to flavivirus infections: an in-silico investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11219-11230. [PMID: 36576139 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2160817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections are common in several parts of the world. Two major types of flaviviruses are dengue and zika viruses. Both these two viral infections have caused many fatalities around the world. There is an absence of a vaccine and an effective medication against these viruses. In this study, we analyzed the ability of dronabinol to act as a potential cure against these viral infections. We performed the docking of dronabinol with several viral proteins followed by molecular dynamics simulation, MM/PBSA and PCA analysis. We checked the ability of the polyphenol dronabinol to interfere with the binding of viral helicases to their cellular targets. We performed 2 D-QSAR studies, drug likeliness, ADMET and target prediction studies. From our study, we observed that dronabinol had the best docking ability against the helicase proteins of dengue and zika. Molecular dynamics simulation and MM/PBSA investigation confirmed the stability of the binding while PCA investigation showed a lowering of molecular motions in response to dronabinol docking to the helicases. Dronabinol interfered in the binding of the helicases to RNA. 2 D QSAR studies revealed a low IC50 value for dronabinol. Dronabinol showed favorable drug-likeness, ADMET properties and target prediction results. Thus we propose dronabinol be further investigated in-vitro as a cure against dengue and zika virus infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abani Kumar Patar
- Department of Biochemistry, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sapna Mayuri Borah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jitul Barman
- Department of Biochemistry, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Bora
- Department of Biochemistry, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Taranga Jyoti Baruah
- Department of Biochemistry, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Liu X, Yan D, Peng S, Zhang Y, Xu B, Li L, Shi X, Ma T, Li X, Teng Q, Yuan C, Liu Q, Li Z. 326K at E Protein Is Critical for Mammalian Adaption of TMUV. Viruses 2023; 15:2376. [PMID: 38140617 PMCID: PMC10747068 DOI: 10.3390/v15122376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2010. However, the potential threat of TMUV to mammals has not been well studied. In this study, a TMUV HB strain isolated from diseased ducks showed high virulence in BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally compared with the reference duck TMUV strain. Further studies revealed that the olfactory epithelium is one pathway for the TMUV HB strain to invade the central nervous system of mice. Genetic analysis revealed that the TMUV HB virus contains two unique residues in E and NS3 proteins (326K and 519T) compared with duck TMUV reference strains. K326E substitution weakens the neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence of TMUV HB in mice. Remarkably, the TMUV HB strain induced significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-α/β than mutant virus with K326E substitution in the brain tissue of the infected mice, which suggested that TMUV HB caused more severe inflammation in the mouse brains. Moreover, application of IFN-β to infected mouse brain exacerbated the disease, indicating that overstimulated IFN response in the brain is harmful to mice upon TMUV infection. Further studies showed that TMUV HB upregulated RIG-I and IRF7 more significantly than mutant virus containing the K326E mutation in mouse brain, which suggested that HB stimulated the IFN response through the RIG-I-IRF7 pathway. Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis and potential risk of TMUV to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpo Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Dawei Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Shan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Yuee Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Bangfeng Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Luzhao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xiaona Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Tianxin Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xuesong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunxiu Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
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10
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Ackermann-Gäumann R, Brêchet A, Smetana J, Salát J, Lienhard R, Croxatto A, Polcarová P, Chlíbek R, Růžek D. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis elicits a detectable NS1 IgG antibody response. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114831. [PMID: 37838083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced protection against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is mediated by antibodies to the viral particle/envelope protein. The detection of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) specific antibodies has been suggested as a marker indicative of natural infections. However, recent work has shown that TBEV vaccines contain traces of NS1, and immunization of mice induced low amounts of NS1-specific antibodies. In this study, we investigated if vaccination induces TBEV NS1-specific antibodies in humans. Healthy army members (n = 898) were asked to fill in a questionnaire relating to flavivirus vaccination or infection, and blood samples were collected. In addition, samples of 71 suspected acute TBE cases were included. All samples were screened for the presence of TBEV NS1-specific IgG antibodies using an in-house developed ELISA. Antibodies were quantified as percent positivity in reference to a positive control. For qualitative evaluation, cut-off for positivity was defined based on the mean OD of the lower 95% of the vaccinated individuals + 3 SD. We found significantly higher NS1-specific IgG antibody titers (i.e., quantitative evaluation) in individuals having received 2, 3, or 4 or more vaccine doses than in non-vaccinated individuals. Similarly, the percentage of individuals with a positive test result (i.e., qualitative evaluation) was higher in individuals vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis than in unvaccinated study participants. Although NS1-specific IgG titers remained at a relatively low level when compared to TBE patients, a clear distinction was not always possible. Establishing a clear cut-off point in detection systems is critical for NS1-specific antibodies to serve as a marker for distinguishing the immune response after vaccination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Ackermann-Gäumann
- Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Center for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Switzerland.
| | - Arthur Brêchet
- Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Jan Smetana
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Salát
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Arbovirology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Reto Lienhard
- Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Center for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Switzerland
| | - Antony Croxatto
- Microbiologie, ADMED Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Center for Tick-Transmitted Diseases, Switzerland
| | - Petra Polcarová
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Chlíbek
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Arbovirology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Henriques P, Rosa A, Caldeira-Araújo H, Soares P, Vigário AM. Flying under the radar - impact and factors influencing asymptomatic DENV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1284651. [PMID: 38076464 PMCID: PMC10704250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of DENV and other Flaviviruses infections represents a spectrum of severity that ranges from mild manifestations to severe disease, which can ultimately lead to death. Nonetheless, most of these infections result in an asymptomatic outcome that may play an important role in the persistent circulation of these viruses. Also, although little is known about the mechanisms that lead to these asymptomatic infections, they are likely the result of a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Specific characteristics of the infecting viral strain, such as its replicating efficiency, coupled with host factors, like gene expression of key molecules involved in the immune response or in the protection against disease, are among crucial factors to study. This review revisits recent data on factors that may contribute to the asymptomatic outcome of the world's widespread DENV, highlighting the importance of silent infections in the transmission of this pathogen and the immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henriques
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Caldeira-Araújo
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Blackhurst BM, Funk KE. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Manifestations of Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:2200. [PMID: 38005878 PMCID: PMC10674799 DOI: 10.3390/v15112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome, transmitted by arthropod vectors. These viruses are known for their broad cellular tropism leading to infection of multiple body systems, which can include the central nervous system. Neurologic effects of flavivirus infection can arise during both acute and post-acute infectious periods; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae are not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies that have examined molecular and cellular mechanisms that may contribute to neurologic sequelae following infection with the West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus, dengue virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Neuronal death, either from direct infection or due to the resultant inflammatory response, is a common mechanism by which flavivirus infection can lead to neurologic impairment. Other types of cellular damage, such as oxidative stress and DNA damage, appear to be more specific to certain viruses. This article aims to highlight mechanisms of cellular damage that are common across several flavivirus members and mechanisms that are more unique to specific members. Our goal is to inspire further research to improve understanding of this area in the hope of identifying treatment options for flavivirus-associated neurologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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13
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Telford SR, Piantadosi AL. Powassan virus persistence after acute infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0071223. [PMID: 37338444 PMCID: PMC10470498 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00712-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of Powassan encephalitis often have persistent neurological disease. A new mouse model replicates some elements of the human disease and demonstrates the presence of viral RNA in the brain as well as myelitis more than 2 mo after the acute infection. The related tick-borne encephalitis and West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) also have common neurological sequelae, and models for these better-studied diseases provide evidence for prolonged virus, RNA, and inflammation in some cases, in addition to damage from the acute encephalitic disease. A better understanding of the biological basis for persistent signs and symptoms after Powassan encephalitis, currently a rare disease, could benefit from further studies of the more prevalent flaviviral encephalitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R. Telford
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health; Tufts Lyme Disease Initiative, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne L. Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Arjomand T, Herrán OF, Mantilla LC, Estupiñán MI, Lozano-Parra A, Gelvez RM, Herrera VM, Villar LA, Villamor E. Dietary Patterns and Anti-Flavivirus IgG Seroconversion in Colombian Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:397-403. [PMID: 37339760 PMCID: PMC10397447 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of flaviviral infections, especially dengue and Zika, is high in the Americas. Malnutrition affects the risk and response to infections, but the role of diet on flaviviral infection risk is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the relations between dietary patterns adherence and anti-flavivirus IgG seroconversion in children during a Zika epidemic in a dengue-endemic area of Colombia. In 2015-2016, we followed 424 anti-flavivirus IgG seronegative children aged 2 to 12 years for 1 year. Baseline data included children's sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary information collected through a 38-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). IgG testing was repeated at the end of follow-up. The primary exposure was adherence to each of four dietary patterns (animal foods, traditional, ultraprocessed foods, and prudent) that were identified from the FFQ through principal component analysis. Secondary exposures were intake frequencies of foods contributing to relevant patterns. We estimated risk of seroconversion by quartiles of adherence scores and compared them using relative risks (RR) and 95% CI from Poisson regression adjusted for sex, age, and socioeconomic status indicators. Seroconversion risk was 32.1%. Adherence to the traditional pattern was positively related to seroconversion. RR comparing fourth versus first quartiles of adherence was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04-2.21; P trend = 0.02). Of the most representative foods in this pattern, potato and sugarcane water intake frequencies were related to increased seroconversion risk. In conclusion, adherence to a traditional foods pattern, including potatoes and sugarcane water, was positively associated with anti-flavivirus IgG seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Arjomand
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Oscar F. Herrán
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Laura C. Mantilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Anyela Lozano-Parra
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Víctor M. Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Villar
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Centro de Atención y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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15
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Samrat SK, Bashir Q, Huang Y, Trieshmann CW, Tharappel AM, Zhang R, Chen K, Geoge Zheng Y, Li Z, Li H. Broad-Spectrum Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the SAM-Binding Site of Flavivirus NS5 Methyltransferase. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1319-1333. [PMID: 37348028 PMCID: PMC10436986 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections, such as those caused by dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), pose a rising threat to global health. There are no FDA-approved drugs for flaviviruses, although a small number of flaviviruses have vaccines. For flaviviruses or unknown viruses that may appear in the future, it is particularly desirable to identify broad-spectrum inhibitors. The NS5 protein is regarded as one of the most promising flavivirus drug targets because it is conserved across flaviviruses. In this study, we used FL-NAH, a fluorescent analog of the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), to develop a fluorescence polarization (FP)-based high throughput screening (HTS) assay to specifically target methyltransferase (MTase), a vital enzyme for flaviviruses that methylates the N7 and 2'-O positions of the viral 5'-RNA cap. Pilot screening identified two candidate MTase inhibitors, NSC 111552 and 288387. The two compounds inhibited the FL-NAH binding to the DENV3 MTase with low micromolar IC50. Functional assays verified the inhibitory potency of these molecules for the flavivirus MTase activity. Binding studies indicated that these molecules are bound directly to the DENV3 MTase with similar low micromolar affinity. Furthermore, we showed that these compounds greatly reduced ZIKV replication in cell-based experiments at dosages that did not cause cytotoxicity. Finally, docking studies revealed that these molecules bind to the SAM-binding region on the DENV3 MTase, and further mutagenesis studies verified residues important for the binding of these compounds. Overall, these compounds are innovative and attractive candidates for the development of broad-spectrum inhibitors for the treatment of flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Qamar Bashir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Yiding Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Carl William Trieshmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Anil Mathew Tharappel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Y. Geoge Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson AZ, 85721-0207, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science & College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, 85721, USA
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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16
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Rivas J, Dubois A, Blanquer A, Gérardy M, Ziegler U, Groschup MH, Grobet L, Garigliany MM. Tendon-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (TDSCs) as an In Vitro Model for Virological Studies in Wild Birds. Viruses 2023; 15:1455. [PMID: 37515142 PMCID: PMC10383174 DOI: 10.3390/v15071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of wild animals in research is complicated due to the capture and housing conditions, as well as to legal aspects, making it difficult to develop in vivo and in vitro models for the study of pathologies that affect these species. Here we validate an in vitro model of tendon-derived mesenchymal cells (TDSC) from Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) cadaveric samples. Through the expression of surface markers and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, the nature of the cells was confirmed. We then evaluated Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as an infection model for the Usutu Flavivirus. To this aim, blackbird TDSCs were compared to Vero E6 cells, commonly used in Flavivirus studies. Both cells showed permissiveness to USUV infection as confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, TDSCs exhibited replication kinetics similar to, although slightly lower than, Vero E6, confirming these cells as a pertinent study model for the study of the pathogenesis of USUV. In this work, we isolated and characterized tendon-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which represent an interesting and convenient in vitro model for the study of wildlife species in laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rivas
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Axel Dubois
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.D.); (L.G.)
| | - Aude Blanquer
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Mazarine Gérardy
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (U.Z.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (U.Z.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Luc Grobet
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.D.); (L.G.)
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
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17
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Stone ET, Pinto AK. T Cells in Tick-Borne Flavivirus Encephalitis: A Review of Current Paradigms in Protection and Disease Pathology. Viruses 2023; 15:958. [PMID: 37112938 PMCID: PMC10146733 DOI: 10.3390/v15040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Flaviviridae is comprised of a diverse group of arthropod-borne viruses that are the etiological agents of globally relevant diseases in humans. Among these, infection with several of these flaviviruses-including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Powassan virus (POWV)-can result in neuroinvasive disease presenting as meningitis or encephalitis. Factors contributing to the development and resolution of tick-borne flavivirus (TBEV, POWV) infection and neuropathology remain unclear, though many recently undertaken studies have described the virus-host interactions underlying encephalitic disease. With access to neural tissues despite the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier, T cells have emerged as one notable contributor to neuroinflammation. The goal of this review is to summarize the recent advances in tick-borne flavivirus immunology-particularly with respect to T cells-as it pertains to the development of encephalitis. We found that although T cell responses are rarely evaluated in a clinical setting, they are integral in conjunction with antibody responses to restricting the entry of TBFV into the CNS. The extent and means by which they can drive immune pathology, however, merits further study. Understanding the role of the T cell compartment in tick-borne flavivirus encephalitis is instrumental for improving vaccine safety and efficacy, and has implications for treatments and interventions for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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18
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Dutta SK, Langenburg T. A Perspective on Current Flavivirus Vaccine Development: A Brief Review. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040860. [PMID: 37112840 PMCID: PMC10142581 DOI: 10.3390/v15040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus genus contains several clinically important pathogens that account for tremendous global suffering. Primarily transmitted by mosquitos or ticks, these viruses can cause severe and potentially fatal diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. The extensive global burden is predominantly caused by six flaviviruses: dengue, Zika, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. Several vaccines have been developed, and many more are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, flavivirus vaccine development is still confronted with many shortcomings and challenges. With the use of the existing literature, we have studied these hurdles as well as the signs of progress made in flavivirus vaccinology in the context of future development strategies. Moreover, all current licensed and phase-trial flavivirus vaccines have been gathered and discussed based on their vaccine type. Furthermore, potentially relevant vaccine types without any candidates in clinical testing are explored in this review as well. Over the past decades, several modern vaccine types have expanded the field of vaccinology, potentially providing alternative solutions for flavivirus vaccines. These vaccine types offer different development strategies as opposed to traditional vaccines. The included vaccine types were live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, VLPs, viral vector-based, epitope-based, DNA and mRNA vaccines. Each vaccine type offers different advantages, some more suitable for flaviviruses than others. Additional studies are needed to overcome the barriers currently faced by flavivirus vaccine development, but many potential solutions are currently being explored.
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19
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Wu B, Qi Z, Qian X. Recent Advancements in Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Vaccine Development. Viruses 2023; 15:813. [PMID: 37112794 PMCID: PMC10143207 DOI: 10.3390/v15040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lately, the global incidence of flavivirus infection has been increasing dramatically and presents formidable challenges for public health systems around the world. Most clinically significant flaviviruses are mosquito-borne, such as the four serotypes of dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus. Until now, no effective antiflaviviral drugs are available to fight flaviviral infection; thus, a highly immunogenic vaccine would be the most effective weapon to control the diseases. In recent years, flavivirus vaccine research has made major breakthroughs with several vaccine candidates showing encouraging results in preclinical and clinical trials. This review summarizes the current advancement, safety, efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of vaccines against mosquito-borne flaviviruses posing significant threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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20
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Kubinski M, Beicht J, Zdora I, Saletti G, Kircher M, Petry-Gusmag M, Steffen I, Puff C, Jung K, Baumgärtner W, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Prajeeth CK. Cross-reactive antibodies against Langat virus protect mice from lethal tick-borne encephalitis virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134371. [PMID: 36926332 PMCID: PMC10011100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Naturally attenuated Langat virus (LGTV) and highly pathogenic tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) share antigenically similar viral proteins and are grouped together in the same flavivirus serocomplex. In the early 1970s, this has encouraged the usage of LGTV as a potential live attenuated vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) until cases of encephalitis were reported among vaccinees. Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that immunity induced against LGTV protects mice against lethal TBEV challenge infection. However, the immune correlates of this protection have not been studied. Methods We used the strategy of adoptive transfer of either serum or T cells from LGTV infected mice into naïve recipient mice and challenged them with lethal dose of TBEV. Results We show that mouse infection with LGTV induced both cross-reactive antibodies and T cells against TBEV. To identify correlates of protection, Monitoring the disease progression in these mice for 16 days post infection, showed that serum from LGTV infected mice efficiently protected from developing severe disease. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of T cells from LGTV infected mice failed to provide protection. Histopathological investigation of infected brains suggested a possible role of microglia and T cells in inflammatory processes within the brain. Discussion Our data provide key information regarding the immune correlates of protection induced by LGTV infection of mice which may help design better vaccines against TBEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Kubinski
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Beicht
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kircher
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monique Petry-Gusmag
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Steffen
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Bignon E, Dumont E, Monari A. Molecular Basis of the pH-Controlled Maturation of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Flavivirus. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1977-1982. [PMID: 36790164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses causing high public concerns. Their maturation spans several cellular compartments having different pH. Thus, complex control mechanisms are in place to avoid premature maturation. Here we report the dynamical behavior at neutral and acidic pH of the precursor of the membrane fusion protein E of tick-borne encephalitis, showing the different stabilizations of the E dimer and the role played by the small fusion-assisting protomer (pr). The comprehension, at atomic resolution, of the fine regulation of viral maturation will be fundamental to the development of efficient strategies against emerging viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-5400, Nancy, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue Valrose, F-06108, Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 5 rue Descartes, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006, Paris, France
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22
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Sandberg JT, Löfling M, Varnaitė R, Emgård J, Al-Tawil N, Lindquist L, Gredmark-Russ S, Klingström J, Loré K, Blom K, Ljunggren HG. Safety and immunogenicity following co-administration of Yellow fever vaccine with Tick-borne encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Results from an open label, non-randomized clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010616. [PMID: 36758067 PMCID: PMC9946270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavivirus infections pose a significant global health burden underscoring the need for the development of safe and effective vaccination strategies. Available flavivirus vaccines are from time to time concomitantly delivered to individuals. Co-administration of different vaccines saves time and visits to health care units and vaccine clinics. It serves to provide protection against multiple pathogens in a shorter time-span; e.g., for individuals travelling to different endemic areas. However, safety and immunogenicity-related responses have not been appropriately evaluated upon concomitant delivery of these vaccines. Therefore, we performed an open label, non-randomized clinical trial studying the safety and immunogenicity following concomitant delivery of the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) virus vaccines. METHODS AND FINDINGS Following screening, healthy study participants were enrolled into different cohorts receiving either TBEV and YFV vaccines, JEV and YFV vaccines, or in control groups receiving only the TBEV, JEV, or YFV vaccine. Concomitant delivery was given in the same or different upper arms for comparison in the co-vaccination cohorts. Adverse effects were recorded throughout the study period and blood samples were taken before and at multiple time-points following vaccination to evaluate immunological responses to the vaccines. Adverse events were predominantly mild in the study groups. Four serious adverse events (SAE) were reported, none of them deemed related to vaccination. The development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against TBEV, JEV, or YFV was not affected by the concomitant vaccination strategy. Concomitant vaccination in the same or different upper arms did not significantly affect safety or immunogenicity-related outcomes. Exploratory studies on immunological effects were additionally performed and included studies of lymphocyte activation, correlates associated with germinal center activation, and plasmablast expansion. CONCLUSIONS Inactivated TBEV or JEV vaccines can be co-administered with the live attenuated YFV vaccine without an increased risk of adverse events and without reduced development of nAbs to the respective viruses. The vaccines can be delivered in the same upper arm without negative outcome. In a broader perspective, the results add valuable information for simultaneous administration of live and inactivated flavivirus vaccines in general. TRIAL REGISTRATION Eudra CT 2017-002137-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Löfling
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renata Varnaitė
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Emgård
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nabil Al-Tawil
- Karolinska Trial Alliance, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Lindquist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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23
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Bauswein M, Eidenschink L, Knoll G, Neumann B, Angstwurm K, Zoubaa S, Riemenschneider MJ, Lampl BMJ, Pregler M, Niller HH, Jantsch J, Gessner A, Eberhardt Y, Huppertz G, Schramm T, Kühn S, Koller M, Drasch T, Ehrl Y, Banas B, Offner R, Schmidt B, Banas MC. Human Infections with Borna Disease Virus 1 (BoDV-1) Primarily Lead to Severe Encephalitis: Further Evidence from the Seroepidemiological BoSOT Study in an Endemic Region in Southern Germany. Viruses 2023; 15:188. [PMID: 36680228 PMCID: PMC9867173 DOI: 10.3390/v15010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 40 human cases of severe encephalitis caused by Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) have been reported to German health authorities. In an endemic region in southern Germany, we conducted the seroepidemiological BoSOT study ("BoDV-1 after solid-organ transplantation") to assess whether there are undetected oligo- or asymptomatic courses of infection. A total of 216 healthy blood donors and 280 outpatients after solid organ transplantation were screened by a recombinant BoDV-1 ELISA followed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) as confirmatory test. For comparison, 288 serum and 258 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with a request for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) diagnostics were analyzed for BoDV-1 infections. ELISA screening reactivity rates ranged from 3.5% to 18.6% depending on the cohort and the used ELISA antigen, but only one sample of a patient from the cohort with requested TBE diagnostics was confirmed to be positive for anti-BoDV-1-IgG by iIFA. In addition, the corresponding CSF sample of this patient with a three-week history of severe neurological disease tested positive for BoDV-1 RNA. Due to the iIFA results, all other results were interpreted as false-reactive in the ELISA screening. By linear serological epitope mapping, cross-reactions with human and bacterial proteins were identified as possible underlying mechanism for the false-reactive ELISA screening results. In conclusion, no oligo- or asymptomatic infections were detected in the studied cohorts. Serological tests based on a single recombinant BoDV-1 antigen should be interpreted with caution, and an iIFA should always be performed in addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bauswein
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Eidenschink
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Donau-Isar-Klinikum Deggendorf, 94469 Deggendorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klemens Angstwurm
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saida Zoubaa
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt M J Lampl
- Regensburg Department of Public Health, 93059 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Pregler
- Regensburg Department of Public Health, 93059 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Eberhardt
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Huppertz
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Schramm
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kühn
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Drasch
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Ehrl
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Offner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miriam C. Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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24
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Ghiani M, Hagemann C, Friedrich J, Maywald U, Wilke T, von Eiff C, Malerczyk C. Can risk area designation help increase vaccination coverage for Tick-Borne Encephalitis? Evidence from German claims data. Vaccine 2022; 40:7335-7342. [PMID: 36347722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although vaccine preventable, the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) increased in Germany from 2001 to 2021 by on average 2% each year, with a peak of more than 700 TBE infections documented in 2020. TBE-risk areas, as designated by district based on incidence of human cases, expanded north- and northeastward, present in 11 of the 16 Federal States as of 2022. Using claims data from a German statutory health insurance in the Federal States of Saxony and Thuringia (AOK PLUS), we aimed to assess whether official assignment of a district to a risk area had an impact on vaccination rates in Germany. METHODS The data covered the period from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2018 and included information on vaccine administrations from outpatient physicians. Yearly incident vaccination rates were reported overall and by district. To investigate the association between a new designation of an incident TBE-risk area and vaccination rates, a difference-in-difference analysis was conducted. RESULTS Overall, the incident vaccination rates increased from 6.2 to 9.5 per 1,000 person-years between 2012 and 2018, with a peak of 12.2 in 2015. While districts that had been risk-areas for the whole study period had always a higher vaccination rate compared to districts that were never categorized as risk areas, the increase between 2012 and 2018 was comparable in the two groups (3.0 and 3.2 per 1,000 person-years, respectively). In contrast, districts that were newly designated risk districts during the study period experienced a significantly larger increase in vaccination rates, going from 5.8 to 14.7 per 1,000 person-years between 2012 and 2018, with a peak of 19.6 in 2015. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the new designation of a district as risk area has a significant positive impact on vaccination rates, which is strongest immediately after designation of risk area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghiani
- IPAM e.V, Alter Holzhafen 19, 23966 Wismar, Germany.
| | - C Hagemann
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Linkstr. 10, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Friedrich
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Linkstr. 10, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - T Wilke
- Ingress-Health HWM GmbH, Wismar, Germany
| | - C von Eiff
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Linkstr. 10, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Malerczyk
- Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Linkstr. 10, 10785 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Mao L, He Y, Wu Z, Wang X, Guo J, Zhang S, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Mao S, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Cheng A, Chen S. Stem-Loop I of the Tembusu Virus 3'-Untranslated Region Is Responsible for Viral Host-Specific Adaptation and the Pathogenicity of the Virus in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0244922. [PMID: 36214697 PMCID: PMC9602528 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02449-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV), an avian mosquito-borne flavivirus, was first identified from Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 1955. To validate the effects of the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) in viral host-specific adaptation, we generated a set of chimeric viruses using CQW1 (duck strain) and MM 1775 (mosquito strain) as backbones with heterogeneous 3'UTRs. Compared with rMM 1775, rMM-CQ3'UTR (recombinant MM 1775 virus carrying the 3'UTR of CQW1) exhibited enhanced proliferation in vitro, with peak titers increasing by 5-fold in duck embryonic fibroblast (DEF) cells or 12-fold in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells; however, the neurovirulence of rMM-CQ3'UTR was attenuated in 14-day-old Kunming mice via intracranial injection, with slower weight loss, lower mortality, and reduced viral loads. In contrast, rCQ-MM3'UTR showed similar growth kinetics in vitro and neurovirulence in mice compared with those of rCQW1. Then, the Stem-loop I (SLI) structure, which showed the highest variation within the 3'UTR between CQW1 and MM 1775, was further chosen for making chimeric viruses. The peak titers of rMM-CQ3'UTRSLI displayed a 15- or 4-fold increase in vitro, and the neurovirulence in mice was attenuated, compared with that of rMM 1775; rCQ-MM3'UTRSLI displayed comparable multiplication ability in vitro but was significantly attenuated in mice, in contrast with rCQW1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the TMUV SLI structure of the 3'UTR was responsible for viral host-specific adaptation of the mosquito-derived strain in DEF and BHK-21 cells and regulated viral pathogenicity in 14-day-old mice, providing a new understanding of the functions of TMUV 3'UTR in viral host switching and the pathogenicity changes in mice. IMPORTANCE Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) constitute a large number of mosquito-transmitted viruses. The 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of MBFV has been suggested to be relevant to viral host-specific adaptation. However, the evolutionary strategies for host-specific fitness among MBFV are different, and the virulence-related structures within the 3'UTR are largely unknown. Here, using Tembusu virus (TMUV), an avian MBFV as models, we observed that the duck-derived SLI of the 3'UTR significantly enhanced the proliferation ability of mosquito-derived TMUV in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and duck embryonic fibroblast (DEF) cells, suggesting that the SLI structure was crucial for viral host-specific adaptation of mosquito-derived TMUVs in mammalian and avian cells. In addition, all SLI mutant viruses exhibited reduced viral pathogenicity in mice, indicating that SLI structure was a key factor for the pathogenicity in mice. This study provides a new insight into the functions of the MBFV 3'UTR in viral host switching and pathogenicity changes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Senzhao Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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26
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Corliss L, Holliday M, Lennemann NJ. Dual-fluorescent reporter for live-cell imaging of the ER during DENV infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1042735. [PMID: 36389173 PMCID: PMC9640912 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by flaviviruses leads to dramatic remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Viral replication occurs within virus-induced vesicular invaginations in the ER membrane. A hallmark of flavivirus infection is expansion of the ER membrane which can be observed at specific time points post infection. However, this process has not been effectively visualized in living cells throughout the course of infection at the single cell resolution. In this study, we developed a plasmid-based reporter system to monitor flavivirus infection and simultaneous virus-induced manipulation of single cells throughout the course of infection in real-time. This system requires viral protease cleavage to release an ER-anchored fluorescent protein infection reporter that is fused to a nuclear localization signal (NLS). This proteolytic cleavage allows for the translocation of the infection reporter signal to the nucleus while an ER-specific fluorescent marker remains localized in the lumen. Thus, the construct allows for the visualization of virus-dependent changes to the ER throughout the course of infection. In this study, we show that our reporter was efficiently cleaved upon the expression of multiple flavivirus proteases, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). We also found that the DENV protease-dependent cleavage of our ER-anchored reporter exhibited more stringent cleavage sequence specificity than what has previously been shown with biochemical assays. Using this system for long term time-lapse imaging of living cells infected with DENV, we observed nuclear translocation of the reporter signal beginning approximately 8 hours post-infection, which continued to increase throughout the time course. Interestingly, we found that increased reporter signal translocation correlated with increased ER signal intensity, suggesting a positive association between DENV infection and ER expansion in a time-dependent manner. Overall, this report demonstrates that the FlavER platform provides a useful tool for monitoring flavivirus infection and simultaneously observing virus-dependent changes to the host cell ER, allowing for study of the temporal nature of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Lennemann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Xiang C, Yang Z, Xiong T, Wang T, Yang J, Huang M, Liu D, Chen R. Construction and Transcriptomic Study of Chicken IFNAR1-Knockout Cell Line Reveals the Essential Roles of Cell Growth- and Apoptosis-Related Pathways in Duck Tembusu Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102225. [PMID: 36298780 PMCID: PMC9611459 DOI: 10.3390/v14102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For industrial vaccine production, overwhelming the existing antiviral innate immune response dominated by type I interferons (IFN-I) in cells would be a key factor improving the effectiveness and production cost of vaccines. In this study, we report the construction of an IFN-I receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-knockout DF-1 cell line (KO-IFNAR1), which supports much more efficient replication of the duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Transcriptomic analysis of DTMUV-infected KO-IFNAR1 cells demonstrated that DTMUV mainly activated genes and signaling pathways related to cell growth and apoptosis. Among them, JUN, MYC and NFKBIA were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, knockdown of zinc-fingered helicase 2 (HELZ2) and interferon-α-inducible protein 6 (IFI6), the two genes up-regulated in both wild type and KO-IFNAR1 cells, significantly increased the replication of DTMUV RNA. This study paves the way for further studying the mechanism underlying the DTMUV-mediated IFN-I-independent regulation of virus replication, and meanwhile provides a potential cell resource for efficient production of cell-based avian virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Zekun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Dingxiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (R.C.)
| | - RuiAi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (R.C.)
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Meng R, Yang B, Feng C, Huang J, Wang X, Zhang D. The difference in CD4+ T cell immunity between high- and low-virulence Tembusu viruses is mainly related to residues 151 and 304 in the envelope protein. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890263. [PMID: 36016955 PMCID: PMC9395619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) can result in a severe disease affecting domestic ducks. The role of T cells in protection from TMUV infection and the molecular basis of T cell-mediated protection against TMUV remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we used the high-virulence TMUV strain Y and the low-virulence TMUV strain PS to investigate the protective role for TMUV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. When tested in a 5-day-old Pekin duck model, Y and PS induced comparable levels of neutralizing antibody, whereas Y elicited significantly stronger cellular immune response relative to PS. Using a duck adoptive transfer model, we showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells provided significant protection from TMUV-related disease, with CD8+ T cell conferring more robust protection to recipient ducklings. For TMUV, CD4+ T cells mainly provided help for neutralizing antibody response, whereas CD8+ T cells mainly mediated viral clearance from infected tissues. The difference in T cell immunity between Y and PS was primarily attributed to CD4+ T cells; adoptive transfer of Y-specific CD4+ T cells resulted in significantly enhanced protective ability, neutralizing antibody response, and viral clearance from the brain relative to PS-specific CD4+ T cells. Further investigations with chimeric viruses, mutant viruses, and their parental viruses identified two mutations (T151A and R304M) in the envelope (E) protein that contributed significantly to TMUV-specific CD4+ T cell-mediated protective ability and neutralizing antibody response, with more beneficial effects being conferred by R304M. These data indicate T cell-mediated immunity is important for protection from disease, for viral clearance from tissues, and for the production of neutralizing antibodies, and that the difference in CD4+T cell immunity between high- and low-virulence TMUV strains is primarily related to residues 151 and 304 in the E protein.
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Martin H, Barthelemy J, Chin Y, Bergamelli M, Moinard N, Cartron G, Tanguy Le Gac Y, Malnou CE, Simonin Y. Usutu Virus Infects Human Placental Explants and Induces Congenital Defects in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081619. [PMID: 35893684 PMCID: PMC9330037 DOI: 10.3390/v14081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus that has dispersed quickly in Europe these past years. This arbovirus mainly follows an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds, but can also infect other mammals, causing notably sporadic cases in humans. Although it is mainly asymptomatic or responsible for mild clinical symptoms, USUV has been associated with neurological disorders, such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis, highlighting the potential health threat of this virus. Among the different transmission routes described for other flaviviruses, the capacity for some of them to be transmitted vertically has been demonstrated, notably for Zika virus or West Nile virus, which are closely related to USUV. To evaluate the ability of USUV to replicate in the placenta and gain access to the fetus, we combined the use of several trophoblast model cell lines, ex vivo human placental explant cultures from first and third trimester of pregnancy, and in vivo USUV-infected pregnant mice. Our data demonstrate that human placental cells and tissues are permissive to USUV replication, and suggest that viral transmission can occur in mice during gestation. Hence, our observations suggest that USUV could be efficiently transmitted by the vertical route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Martin
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; (H.M.); (Y.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Jonathan Barthelemy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France;
| | - Yamileth Chin
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; (H.M.); (Y.C.); (M.B.)
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Mathilde Bergamelli
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; (H.M.); (Y.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Nathalie Moinard
- Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement (DEFE), INSERM UMR 1203, Université de Toulouse et Université de Montpellier, France;
- CECOS, Groupe d’Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Cartron
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Toulouse, France; (G.C.); (Y.T.L.G.)
| | - Yann Tanguy Le Gac
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Toulouse, France; (G.C.); (Y.T.L.G.)
| | - Cécile E. Malnou
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; (H.M.); (Y.C.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (C.E.M.); (Y.S.)
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Wang Z, Yan Y, Dai Q, Xu Y, Yin J, Li W, Li Y, Yang X, Guo X, Liu M, Chen X, Cao R, Zhong W. Azelnidipine Exhibits In Vitro and In Vivo Antiviral Effects against Flavivirus Infections by Targeting the Viral RdRp. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061228. [PMID: 35746699 PMCID: PMC9230735 DOI: 10.3390/v14061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses, represented by Zika and dengue virus (ZIKV and DENV), are widely present around the world and cause various diseases with serious consequences. However, no antiviral drugs have been clinically approved for use against them. Azelnidipine (ALP) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker and has been approved for use as an antihypertensive drug. In the present study, ALP was found to show potent anti-flavivirus activities in vitro and in vivo. ALP effectively prevented the cytopathic effect induced by ZIKV and DENV and inhibited the production of viral RNA and viral protein in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with 0.3 mg/kg of ALP protected 88.89% of mice from lethal challenge. Furthermore, using the time-of-drug-addition assay, the enzymatic inhibition assay, the molecular docking, and the surface plasmon resonance assay, we revealed that ALP acted at the replication stage of the viral infection cycle by targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These findings highlight the potential for the use of ALP as an antiviral agent to combat flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Yunzheng Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Qingsong Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Yijie Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiye Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuexiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaojia Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (X.G.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (R.C.); (W.Z.)
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Hou B, Chen H, Gao N, An J. Cross-Reactive Immunity among Five Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Related to Human Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061213. [PMID: 35746683 PMCID: PMC9228836 DOI: 10.3390/v14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases. Most flaviviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and are widely distributed all over the world. Among them, several mosquito-borne flaviviruses are co-epidemic, and the similarity of their antigenicity creates abundant cross-reactive immune responses which complicate their prevention and control. At present, only effective vaccines against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis have been used clinically, while the optimal vaccines against other flavivirus diseases are still under development. The antibody-dependent enhancement generated by cross-reactive immune responses against different serotypes of dengue virus makes the development of the dengue fever vaccine a bottleneck. It has been proposed that the cross-reactive immunity elicited by prior infection of mosquito-borne flavivirus could also affect the outcome of the subsequent infection of heterologous flavivirus. In this review, we focused on five medically important flaviviruses, and rearranged and recapitulated their cross-reactive immunity in detail from the perspectives of serological experiments in vitro, animal experiments in vivo, and human cohort studies. We look forward to providing references and new insights for the research of flavivirus vaccines and specific prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100093, China
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Li Q, Feng C, Yang B, Meng R, Wang X, Zhang D. Antibody prophylaxis against Tembusu virus-associated disease. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1687-1691. [PMID: 35639191 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that Tembusu virus (TMUV) can elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies, but the ability of antibodies to protect against TMUV-associated disease and to inhibit replication of TMUV in vivo remains to be investigated. Here, we tested the prophylactic efficacy of TMUV immune serum directly using a 2-day-old Pekin duck model. Passive administration of the immune serum prior to challenge protected ducklings against morbidity and mortality, substantially reduced TMUV-caused tissue injury, and significantly decreased TMUV levels in the periphery and central nervous system. These findings demonstrate that antibodies play a dominant protective role in controlling TMUV-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonglun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Snoeck CJ, Sausy A, Losch S, Wildschutz F, Bourg M, Hübschen JM. Usutu Virus Africa 3 Lineage, Luxembourg, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1076-1079. [PMID: 35447065 PMCID: PMC9045450 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.212012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected Usutu virus in a dead Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) in Luxembourg in September 2020. The strain clustered within the Africa 3.1 lineage identified in Western Europe since 2016. Our results suggest maintenance of the virus in Europe despite little reporting during 2019–2020, rather than a new introduction.
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Gęgotek A, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Groth M, Pancewicz S, Czupryna P, Dunaj J, Atalay S, Radziwon P, Skrzydlewska E. Plasma Proteomic Profile of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Co-Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084374. [PMID: 35457192 PMCID: PMC9031133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of patients suffering from tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Lyme disease, and their co-infection, the mechanisms of the development of these diseases and their effects on the human body are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the proteomic profile of human plasma induced by the development of TBE and to compare it with changes in TBE patients co-infected with other tick-borne pathogens. The results obtained by proteomic analysis using a nanoLC-Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer showed that the most highly elevated groups of proteins in the plasma of TBE patients with co-infection were involved in the pro-inflammatory response and protein degradation, while the antioxidant proteins and factors responsible for protein biosynthesis were mainly downregulated. These results were accompanied by enhanced GSH- and 4-HNE-protein adducts formation, observed in TBE and co-infected patients at a higher level than in the case of patients with only TBE. In conclusion, the differences in the proteomic profiles between patients with TBE and co-infected patients indicate that these diseases are significantly diverse and, consequently, require different treatment, which is particularly important for further research, including the development of novel diagnostics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.A.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857485883
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Monika Groth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Justyna Dunaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Sinemyiz Atalay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 23, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.A.); (E.S.)
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Wald ME, Sieg M, Schilling E, Binder M, Vahlenkamp TW, Claus C. The Interferon Response Dampens the Usutu Virus Infection-Associated Increase in Glycolysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:823181. [PMID: 35186796 PMCID: PMC8855070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.823181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne Usutu virus (USUV) is a zoonotic flavivirus and an emerging pathogen. So far therapeutical options or vaccines are not available in human and veterinary medicine. The bioenergetic profile based on extracellular flux analysis revealed an USUV infection-associated significant increase in basal and stressed glycolysis on Vero and with a tendency for basal glycolysis on the avian cell line TME-R derived from Eurasian blackbirds. On both cell lines this was accompanied by a significant drop in the metabolic potential of glycolysis. Moreover, glycolysis contributed to production of virus progeny, as inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced virus yield on Vero by one log10 step. Additionally, the increase in glycolysis observed on Vero cells after USUV infection was lost after the addition of exogenous type I interferon (IFN) β. To further explore the contribution of the IFN response pathway to the impact of USUV on cellular metabolism, USUV infection was characterized on human A549 respiratory cells with a knockout of the type I IFN receptor, either solely or together with the receptor of type III IFN. Notably, only the double knockout of types I and III IFN receptor increased permissiveness to USUV and supported viral replication together with an alteration of the glycolytic activity, namely an increase in basal glycolysis to an extent that a further increase after injection of metabolic stressors during extracellular flux analysis was not noted. This study provides evidence for glycolysis as a possible target for therapeutic intervention of USUV replication. Moreover, presented data highlight type I and type III IFN system as a determinant for human host cell permissiveness and for the infection-associated impact on glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Wald
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Sieg
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Schilling
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group “Dynamics of early viral infection and the innate antiviral response”, Division “Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Claudia Claus,
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Abstract
Flaviviruses are zoonotic pathogens transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitos and ticks and represent a constant burden to human health. Here we review recent literature aimed at uncovering how flaviviruses interact with the cells that they infect. A better understanding of these interactions may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic targets. We highlight several studies that employed low-biased methods to discover new protein-protein, protein-RNA, and genetic interactions, and spotlight recent work characterizing the host protein, TMEM41B, which has been shown to be critical for infection by diverse flaviviruses and coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
The Flavivirus genus consists of >70 members including several that are considered significant human pathogens. Flaviviruses display a broad spectrum of diseases that can be roughly categorised into two phenotypes - systemic disease involving haemorrhage exemplified by dengue and yellow Fever virus, and neurological complications associated with the likes of West Nile and Zika viruses. Attempts to develop vaccines have been variably successful against some. Besides, mosquito-borne flaviviruses can be vertically transmitted in the arthropods, enabling long term persistence and the possibility of re-emergence. Therefore, developing strategies to combat disease is imperative even if vaccines become available. The cellular interactions of flaviviruses with their human hosts are key to establishing the viral lifecycle on the one hand, and activation of host immunity on the other. The latter should ideally eradicate infection, but often leads to immunopathological and neurological consequences. In this review, we use Dengue and Zika viruses to discuss what we have learned about the cellular and molecular determinants of the viral lifecycle and the accompanying immunopathology, while highlighting current knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiaan Heunis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Deeksha Munnur
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
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Chevalier V, Marsot M, Molia S, Rasamoelina H, Rakotondravao R, Pedrono M, Lowenski S, Durand B, Lecollinet S, Beck C. Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17061998. [PMID: 32197367 PMCID: PMC7142923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] 95%CI, 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] 95%CI, 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] 95%CI and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] 95%CI, for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9]95%CI for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] 95%CI for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] 95%CI for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV—as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar—emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Chevalier
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh PO Box 983, Cambodia
| | - Maud Marsot
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Molia
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Centre Régional de Santé Animale, Parc Sotuba, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Miguel Pedrono
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- FOFIFA-DRZV, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Steve Lowenski
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Beck
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Maier CC, Delagrave S, Zhang ZX, Brown N, Monath TP, Pugachev KV, Guirakhoo F. A single M protein mutation affects the acid inactivation threshold and growth kinetics of a chimeric flavivirus. Virology 2007; 362:468-74. [PMID: 17303204 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous viruses of the Flaviviridae family, including dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile, cause significant disease in humans and animals. The structure and function of the molecular components of the flavivirus envelope are therefore of significant interest. To our knowledge, a membrane (M) protein mutation which affects the pH at which flavivirus particles are inactivated in vitro has never been reported. Here we show that substitution of proline for glutamine at residue M5 (MQ5P) of a Japanese encephalitis-yellow fever chimera (ChimeriVax-JE) increases its acid sensitivity in vitro by 0.3 pH units (i.e., increases the pH at which virus titer is reduced by 50% from 6.08 to 6.38). In addition, growth kinetics of this mutant virus are accelerated in Vero cells, while neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness measured in a mouse model are unaffected. A possible interpretation of these observations is that M can modulate the envelope (E) protein function during cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Maier
- Virology Department, Acambis Inc., 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- P C McMinn
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands.
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