1
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Okuda S, Tsukano C, Irie K. Synthesis of Stereoisomeric Simplified Analogs of Alotaketals toward the Elucidation of the Structural Requirements of Protein Kinase C Isozyme-Selective Binding. Org Lett 2023; 25:805-809. [PMID: 36715604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A set of four stereoisomeric compounds were designed and synthesized as ligands of protein kinase C (PKC). The compounds were simplified analogs of the alotaketals, a class of natural products that were predicted to be ligands of PKC by computational screening. Bioassays revealed that the orientation of the alkyl side chain of the analogs was important for PKC binding and that the stereochemistry of the fused ring moiety influenced the PKC isozyme selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogen Okuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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A simplified analog of debromoaplysiatoxin lacking the B-ring of spiroketal moiety retains protein kinase C-binding and antiproliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:116988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Yanagita RC, Otani M, Hatanaka S, Nishi H, Miyake S, Hanaki Y, Sato M, Kawanami Y, Irie K. Analysis of binding mode of vibsanin A with protein kinase C C1 domains: An experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Maki J, Oshimura A, Tsukano C, Yanagita RC, Saito Y, Sakakibara Y, Irie K. AI and computational chemistry-accelerated development of an alotaketal analogue with conventional PKC selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6693-6696. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01759h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family consists of ten isozymes and is a potential target for treating cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and HIV infection. Since known natural PKC agonists have little...
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5
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Tsuji K, Ishii T, Kobayakawa T, Ohashi N, Nomura W, Tamamura H. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based screening for protein kinase C ligands using 6-methoxynaphthalene-labeled 1,2-diacylglycerol-lactones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8264-8271. [PMID: 34338277 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00814e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is associated with a central cellular signal transduction pathway and disorders such as cancer and Alzheimer-type dementia and is therefore a target for the treatment of these diseases. The development of simple methods suitable for high-throughput screening to find potent PKC ligands is desirable. We have developed an assay based on fluorescence-quenching screening with a solvatochromic fluorophore attached to a competitive probe and its alternative method based on Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomena. Here, an improved FRET-based PKC binding assay using a diacylglycerol (DAG) lactone labeled with a donor fluorescent dye, 6-methoxynaphthalene (6MN), was developed. The 6MN-labeled DAG-lactone has a higher binding affinity for the PKCδ C1b domain and the fluorescent PKCδ C1b domain labeled by fluorescein as an acceptor fluorescent dye (Fl-δC1b) than the diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC)-labeled DAG-lactone. The combination of the 6MN-labeled DAG-lactone and Fl-δC1b showed a change in fluorescence response larger than that of the DEAC-labeled DAG-lactone and Fl-δC1b. The IC50 values of known PKC ligands calculated by the present FRET-based method using 6MN-labeled DAG-lactone agree well with the Ki values obtained by the conventional radioisotope-based assays. Some false positive compounds, identified by the previous solvatochromic fluorophore-based method, were found to be negative by this method. The present FRET-based PKC binding assay is more sensitive and could be more useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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6
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Katti S, Igumenova TI. Structural insights into C1-ligand interactions: Filling the gaps by in silico methods. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100784. [PMID: 33526356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C isoenzymes (PKCs) are the key mediators of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway, which involves regulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate to diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Dysregulation of PKCs is implicated in many human diseases making this class of enzymes an important therapeutic target. Specifically, the DAG-sensing cysteine-rich conserved homology-1 (C1) domains of PKCs have emerged as promising targets for pharmaceutical modulation. Despite significant progress, the rational design of the C1 modulators remains challenging due to difficulties associated with structure determination of the C1-ligand complexes. Given the dearth of experimental structural data, computationally derived models have been instrumental in providing atomistic insight into the interactions of the C1 domains with PKC agonists. In this review, we provide an overview of the in silico approaches for seven classes of C1 modulators and outline promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Katti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
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7
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Synthesis and biological activities of simplified aplysiatoxin analogs focused on the CH/π interaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127657. [PMID: 33130291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Debromoaplysiatoxin (DAT) is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator with tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory activities. Irie and colleagues have found that 10-methyl-aplog-1 (1), a simplified analog of DAT, has strong anti-proliferative activity against several cancer cell lines with few adverse effects. Therefore, 1 is a potential lead compound for cancer therapy. We synthesized a new derivative 2 which has a naphthalene ring at the side chain terminal position instead of a benzene ring, to increase CH/π interactions with Pro-241 of the PKCδ-C1B domain. Based on the synthetic route of 1, 2 was convergently synthesized in 26 linear steps from 6-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid with an overall yield of 0.18%. Although the anti-proliferative activity of 2 was more potent than that of 1, the binding potency of 2 to the PKCδ-C1B domain did not exceed that of 1. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated the capability of 2 to simultaneously form hydrogen bonds and CH/π interactions with the PKCδ-C1B domain. Focusing on the hydrogen bonds, their geometry in the binding modes involving the CH/π interactions seemed to be sub-optimal, which may explain the slightly lower affinity of 2 compared to 1. This study could be of help in optimizing such interactions and synthesizing a promising lead cancer compound.
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8
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Paul A, Chatterjee D, Banerjee S, Yadav S. Synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles through regioselective C-H alkenylation of indoles by a ruthenium nanocatalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:140-148. [PMID: 32082433 PMCID: PMC7006491 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Alkenylindoles are biologically and medicinally very important compounds, and their syntheses have received considerable attention. Herein, we report the synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles via a regioselective alkenylation of indoles, catalysed by a ruthenium nanocatalyst (RuNC). The reaction tolerates several electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups on the indole moiety. Additionally, a "robustness screen" has also been employed to demonstrate the tolerance of several functional groups relevant to medicinal chemistry. With respect to the Ru nanocatalyst, it has been demonstrated that it is recoverable and recyclable up to four cycles. Also, the catalyst acts through a heterogeneous mechanism, which has been proven by various techniques, such as ICPMS and three-phase tests. The nature of the Ru nanocatalyst surface has also been thoroughly examined by various techniques, and it has been found that the oxides on the surface are responsible for the high catalytic efficiency of the Ru nanocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Debnath Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Srirupa Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Bethune College, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata, 700006, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
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9
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De Simone A, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Bartolini M, Davani L, Andrisano V. Advanced analytical methodologies in Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Linder R, Ducho C. Unified Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Amino Acid Building Blocks for the Preparation of Caprazamycin Nucleoside Antibiotics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Linder
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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11
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Ding YY, Xu DF, Meng SS, Li Y, Zhao JL. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Reaction of N-Protected 4-Aminoindoles with β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketimino Esters. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Ding
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510530 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Deng-Feng Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510530 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Stat Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Panjing 124000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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12
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Sahu S, Banerjee A, Maji MS. Transition-Metal-Free Redox-Neutral One-Pot C3-Alkenylation of Indoles Using Aldehydes. Org Lett 2017; 19:464-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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13
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Xue JH, Shi M, Yu F, Li XY, Ren W, Fu LN, Guo QX. Catalytic Asymmetric Nucleophilic Addition of 3-Vinyl Indoles to Imines. Org Lett 2016; 18:3874-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ming Shi
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wen Ren
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li-Na Fu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Guo
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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14
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Jia KY, Yu JB, Jiang ZJ, Su WK. Mechanochemically Activated Oxidative Coupling of Indoles with Acrylates through C–H Activation: Synthesis of 3-Vinylindoles and β,β-Diindolyl Propionates and Study of the Mechanism. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6049-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Yan Jia
- Key
Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment
of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Yu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ke Su
- National
Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta
Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Nishio M, Umezawa Y, Fantini J, Weiss MS, Chakrabarti P. CH-π hydrogen bonds in biological macromolecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:12648-83. [PMID: 24836323 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This is a sequel to the previous Perspective "The CH-π hydrogen bond in chemistry. Conformation, supramolecules, optical resolution and interactions involving carbohydrates", which featured in a PCCP themed issue on "Weak Hydrogen Bonds - Strong Effects?": Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 13873-13900. Evidence that weak hydrogen bonds play an enormously important role in chemistry and biochemistry has now accumulated to an extent that the rigid classical concept of hydrogen bonds formulated by Pauling needs to be seriously revised and extended. The concept of a more generalized hydrogen bond definition is indispensable for understanding the folding mechanisms of proteins. The CH-π hydrogen bond, a weak molecular force occurring between a soft acid CH and a soft base π-electron system, among all is one of the most important and plays a functional role in defining the conformation and stability of 3D structures as well as in many molecular recognition events. This concept is also valuable in structure-based drug design efforts. Despite their frequent occurrence in organic molecules and bio-molecules, the importance of CH-π hydrogen bonds is still largely unknown to many chemists and biochemists. Here we present a review that deals with the evidence, nature, characteristics and consequences of the CH-π hydrogen bond in biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and polysaccharides). It is hoped that the present Perspective will show the importance of CH-π hydrogen bonds and stimulate interest in the interactions of biological macromolecules, one of the most fascinating fields in bioorganic chemistry. Implication of this concept is enormous and valuable in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nishio
- The CHPI Institute, 705-6-338, Minamioya, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0031, Japan.
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16
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Nakagawa Y. Structural Simplification of Natural Products Toward the Generation of Biologically and Therapeutically Valuable Molecules: Analog Design of Naturally-Occurring Protein Kinase C Activators. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 521 Science and Research Building 2, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ghazi M. Rahman
- Department of Pharmacological
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 521 Science and Research Building 2, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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18
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Ohashi N, Nomura W, Minato N, Tamamura H. Screening for protein kinase C ligands using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2014; 62:1019-25. [PMID: 25109829 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is correlated with cell signaling pathways and also receives attention as a therapeutic target for cancer and Alzheimer-type dementia. The application of Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomena to detect binding between proteins and small molecules, for example, PKC and its ligands, underlies a fluorescence-based assay method suitable for high-throughput screening. To accelerate studies on PKC functions in processing signals using small molecules and the development of drugs that target PKC, novel methods for the assessment of the PKC binding affinity of compounds are necessary. We previously developed solvatochromic fluorophore-based methods for that assessment. In this study, a novel method for a FRET-based PKC binding assay was developed and is expected to overcome the limitations of solvatochromic fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Ohashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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19
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Yan ZL, Chen WL, Gao YR, Mao S, Zhang YL, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular C-2 Alkenylation of Indoles Using Oxygen as the Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Tang CY, Tao Y, Wu XY, Sha F. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Direct C-2 Olefination of Unactivated Indoles Utilizing OH/NH2as Directing Group. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Miyaoka H, Wada J, Kawashima E. Synthesis of the Diazepanone-Nucleoside Core Structure of Liposidomycins and Caprazamycins Based on 7-Exo Cyclization of Epoxyamine. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Nathel NFF, Shah TK, Bronner SM, Garg NK. Total syntheses of indolactam alkaloids (-)-indolactam V, (-)-pendolmycin, (-)-lyngbyatoxin A, and (-)-teleocidin A-2. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2184-2190. [PMID: 24839542 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the total syntheses of (-)-indolactam V and the C7-substituted indolactam alkaloids (-)-pendolmycin, (-)-lyngbyatoxin A, and (-)-teleocidin A-2. The strategy for preparing indolactam V relies on a distortion-controlled indolyne functionalization reaction to establish the C4-N linkage, in addition to an intramolecular conjugate addition to build the conformationally-flexible nine-membered ring. The total synthesis of indolactam V then sets the stage for the divergent synthesis of the other targeted alkaloids. Specifically, late-stage sp2-sp3 cross-couplings on an indolactam V derivative are used to introduce the key C7 substituents and the necessary quaternary carbons. These challenging couplings, in addition to other delicate manipulations, all proceed in the presence of a basic tertiary amine, an unprotected secondary amide, and an unprotected indole. Thus, our approach not only enables the enantiospecific total syntheses of four indolactam alkaloids, but also serves as a platform for probing complexity-generating and chemoselective transformations in the context of alkaloid total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah F Fine Nathel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tejas K Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M Bronner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Mari M, Bartoccini F, Piersanti G. Synthesis of (−)-Epi-Indolactam V by an Intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig C–N Coupling Cyclization Reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7727-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4013767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular
Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento
6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular
Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento
6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular
Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza del Rinascimento
6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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24
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Naujok O, Lenzen S. A critical re-evaluation of CD24-positivity of human embryonic stem cells differentiated into pancreatic progenitors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:779-91. [PMID: 22529013 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into insulin-producing cells for cell replacement therapy of diabetes mellitus comprises the stepwise recapitulation of in vivo developmental stages of pancreatic organogenesis in an in vitro differentiation protocol. The chemical compounds IDE-1 and (-)-indolactam-V can be used to direct mouse and human ESCs through these stages to form definitive endoderm via an intermediate mesendodermal stage and finally into pancreatic endoderm. Cells of the pancreatic endoderm express the PDX1 transcription factor and contribute to all pancreatic cell types upon further in vitro or in vivo differentiation. Even though this differentiation approach is highly effective and reproducible, it generates heterogeneous populations containing PDX1-expressing pancreatic progenitors amongst other cell types. Thus, a technique to separate PDX1-expressing cells from this mixture is very desirable. Recently it has been reported that PDX1-positive pancreatic progenitors, derived from human embryonic stem cells, express the surface marker CD24. Therefore were subjected mouse and human ESCs to a small molecule differentiation approach and the expression of the surface marker CD24 was monitored in undifferentiated cells, cells committed to the definitive endoderm and cells reminiscent of the pancreatic endoderm. We observed that both mouse and human ESCs expressed CD24 in the pluripotent state, during the whole process of endoderm formation and upon further differentiation towards pancreatic endoderm. Thus CD24 is not a suitable cell surface marker for identification of PDX1-positive progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortwin Naujok
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Chen WL, Gao YR, Mao S, Zhang YL, Wang YF, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular C3 Alkenylation of Indoles Using Oxygen as the Oxidant. Org Lett 2012; 14:5920-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Mamidi N, Gorai S, Mukherjee R, Manna D. Development of diacyltetrol lipids as activators for the C1 domain of protein kinase C. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1275-85. [PMID: 22301880 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases is an attractive drug target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Diacylglycerol (DAG), phorbol esters and others act as ligands for the C1 domain of PKC isoforms. Inspection of the crystal structure of the PKCδ C1b subdomain in complex with phorbol-13-O-acetate shows that one carbonyl group and two hydroxyl groups play pivotal roles in recognition of the C1 domain. To understand the importance of two hydroxyl groups of phorbol esters in PKC binding and to develop effective PKC activators, we synthesized DAG like diacyltetrols (DATs) and studied binding affinities with C1b subdomains of PKCδ and PKCθ. DATs, with the stereochemistry of natural DAGs at the sn-2 position, were synthesized from (+)-diethyl L-tartrate in four to seven steps as single isomers. The calculated EC(50) values for the short and long chain DATs varied in the range of 3-6 μM. Furthermore, the fluorescence anisotropy values of the proteins were increased in the presence of DATs in a similar manner to that of DAGs. Molecular docking of DATs (1b-4b) with PKCδ C1b showed that the DATs form hydrogen bonds with the polar residues and backbone of the protein, at the same binding site, as that of DAG and phorbol esters. Our findings reveal that DATs represent an attractive group of C1 domain ligands that can be used as research tools or further structurally modified for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Insulin-producing surrogate β-cells from embryonic stem cells: are we there yet? Mol Ther 2011; 19:1759-68. [PMID: 21829172 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) harbor the potential to generate every cell type of the body by differentiation. The use of hESCs holds great promise for potential cell replacement therapies for degenerative diseases including diabetes mellitus. The recently discovered induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibit immense potential for regenerative medicine as they allow the generation of autologous cells tailored to the patients' immune system. Research for insulin-producing surrogate cells from ESCs has yielded highly controversial results, because many steps and factors in the differentiation process are currently still unknown. Thus, there is no consensus on common standard protocols. The protocols presently used established the differentiation from pluripotent cells toward pancreatic progenitor cells. However, none of the differentiation protocols reported to date have generated by exclusive in vitro differentiation sufficient numbers of insulin-producing cells meeting all essential criteria of a β-cell. The cells often lack the crucial function of regulated insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation. This review focuses on past and current approaches to the generation of insulin-producing cells from pluripotent sources, such as ESCs and iPSCs, and critically discusses the hurdles to be taken before insulin-secreting surrogate cells derived from these stem cells will be of clinical use in humans.
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Nomura W, Ohashi N, Okuda Y, Narumi T, Ikura T, Ito N, Tamamura H. Fluorescence-quenching screening of protein kinase C ligands with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:923-30. [PMID: 21434694 DOI: 10.1021/bc100567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence-quenching screening method for protein kinase C (PKC) ligands was developed utilizing solvatochromic fluorophores. Solvatochromic dyes, highly sensitive to the presence or the absence of competitive ligands in their binding to the C1b domain of PKCδ (δC1b), were combined with a known pharmacophoric moiety of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) lactones, PKC ligands. Addition of δC1b to the fluorescent compounds caused a gradual increase in the fluorescent intensity in proportion to the increase of δC1b. As a competitive ligand was added to the complex of δC1b domain and fluorescent compounds, a gradual decrease in the fluorescent intensity was observed. The relative binding affinities of known ligands were successfully determined by this fluorescent method and corresponded well to the K(i) values measured by a radioisotope method. These results indicate that washing, which is a laborious step in binding evaluations, is not required for this environmentally sensitive fluorophore based system. Screening with the system was performed for 2560 preselected library compounds with possible pharmacophores, and some lead compounds were found. This fluorescence-based method could be applied widely to known ligand-receptor combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nomura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Takahashi O, Kohno Y, Nishio M. Relevance of weak hydrogen bonds in the conformation of organic compounds and bioconjugates: evidence from recent experimental data and high-level ab initio MO calculations. Chem Rev 2011; 110:6049-76. [PMID: 20550180 DOI: 10.1021/cr100072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
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Majhi A, Rahman GM, Panchal S, Das J. Binding of curcumin and its long chain derivatives to the activator binding domain of novel protein kinase C. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1591-8. [PMID: 20100661 PMCID: PMC2843403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that play a central role in cellular signal transduction. The second messenger diacylglycerol having two long carbon chains acts as the endogenous ligand for the PKCs. Polyphenol curcumin, the active constituent of Curcuma longa is an anti-cancer agent and modulates PKC activity. To develop curcumin derivatives as effective PKC activators, we synthesized several long chain derivatives of curcumin, characterized their absorption and fluorescence properties and studied their interaction with the activator binding second cysteine-rich C1B subdomain of PKCdelta, PKCepsilon and PKCtheta. Curcumin (1) and its C16 long chain analog (4) quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PKCdeltaC1B, PKCepsilonC1B and PKCthetaC1B in a manner similar to that of PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The EC(50)s of the curcumin derivatives for fluorescence quenching varied in the range of 4-11 microM, whereas, EC(50)s for TPA varied in the range of 3-6 microM. Fluorescence emission maxima of 1 and 4 were blue shifted and the fluorescence anisotropy values were increased in the presence of the C1B domains in a manner similar to that shown by the fluorescent analog of TPA, sapintoxin-D, confirming that they were bound to the proteins. Molecular docking of 1 and 4 with novel PKC C1B revealed that both the molecules form hydrogen bonds with the protein residues. The present result shows that curcumin and its long chain derivatives bind to the C1B subdomain of novel PKCs and can be further modified structurally to improve its binding and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjoy Majhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Ghazi M. Rahman
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Shyam Panchal
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
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Boije af Gennäs G, Talman V, Aitio O, Ekokoski E, Finel M, Tuominen RK, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Design, synthesis, and biological activity of isophthalic acid derivatives targeted to the C1 domain of protein kinase C. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3969-81. [PMID: 19438240 DOI: 10.1021/jm900229p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a widely studied molecular target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. We have approached the issue of modifying PKC function by targeting the C1 domain in the regulatory region of the enzyme. Using the X-ray crystal structure of the PKC delta C1b domain, we have discovered conveniently synthesizable derivatives of dialkyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate that can act as potential C1 domain ligands. Structure-activity studies confirmed that the important functional groups predicted by modeling were indispensable for binding to the C1 domain and that the modifications of these groups diminished binding. The most promising compounds were able to displace radiolabeled phorbol ester ([(3)H]PDBu) from PKC alpha and delta at K(i) values in the range of 200-900 nM. Furthermore, the active isophthalate derivatives could modify PKC activation in living cells either by inducing PKC-dependent ERK phosphorylation or by inhibiting phorbol-induced ERK phosphorylation. In conclusion, we report here, for the first time, that derivatives of isophthalic acid represent an attractive novel group of C1 domain ligands that can be used as research tools or further modified for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Boije af Gennäs
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Hirai G, Ogoshi Y, Ohkubo M, Tamura Y, Watanabe T, Shimizu T, Sodeoka M. Asymmetric synthesis of isobenzofuranone derivatives and their unique character as protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activators. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nishio M, Umezawa Y, Honda K, Tsuboyama S, Suezawa H. CH/π hydrogen bonds in organic and organometallic chemistry. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902318f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gil C, Bräse S. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Benzoannelated Nitrogen Heterocycles: An Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:175-97. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800102t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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