1
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Giridhara Prema S, Chandrasekaran J, Kanekar S, George M, Prasad TSK, Raju R, Dagamajalu S, Balaya RDA. Cisplatin and Procaterol Combination in Gastric Cancer? Targeting Checkpoint Kinase 1 for Cancer Drug Discovery and Repurposing by an Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:8-23. [PMID: 38190280 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a serine/threonine kinase, plays a crucial role in cell cycle arrest and is a promising therapeutic target for drug development against cancers. CHK1 coordinates cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage, facilitating repair of single-strand breaks, and maintains the genome integrity in response to replication stress. In this study, we employed an integrated computational and experimental approach to drug discovery and repurposing, aiming to identify a potent CHK1 inhibitor among existing drugs. An e-pharmacophore model was developed based on the three-dimensional crystal structure of the CHK1 protein in complex with CCT245737. This model, characterized by seven key molecular features, guided the screening of a library of drugs through molecular docking. The top 10% of scored ligands were further examined, with procaterol emerging as the leading candidate. Procaterol demonstrated interaction patterns with the CHK1 active site similar to CHK1 inhibitor (CCT245737), as shown by molecular dynamics analysis. Subsequent in vitro assays, including cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle analysis, were conducted on gastric adenocarcinoma cells treated with procaterol, both as a monotherapy and in combination with cisplatin. Procaterol, in synergy with cisplatin, significantly inhibited cell growth, suggesting a potentiated therapeutic effect. Thus, we propose the combined application of cisplatin and procaterol as a novel potential therapeutic strategy against human gastric cancer. The findings also highlight the relevance of CHK1 kinase as a drug target for enhancing the sensitivity of cytotoxic agents in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitha Giridhara Prema
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mejo George
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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2
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Kciuk M, Marciniak B, Celik I, Zerroug E, Dubey A, Sundaraj R, Mujwar S, Bukowski K, Mojzych M, Kontek R. Pyrazolo[4,3- e]tetrazolo[1,5- b][1,2,4]triazine Sulfonamides as an Important Scaffold for Anticancer Drug Discovery-In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10959. [PMID: 37446136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine sulfonamides (MM-compounds) are a relatively new class of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide variety of biological actions, including anticancer properties. Here, we used caspase enzyme activity assays, flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide (PI)-stained cells, and a DNA laddering assay to investigate the mechanisms of cell death triggered by the MM-compounds (MM134, -6, -7, and -9). Due to inconsistent results in caspase activity assays, we have performed a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, colony formation assay, and gene expression profiling. The compounds' cytotoxic and pro-oxidative properties were also assessed. Additionally, computational studies were performed to demonstrate the potential of the scaffold for future drug discovery endeavors. MM-compounds exhibited strong micromolar (0.06-0.35 µM) anti-proliferative and pro-oxidative activity in two cancer cell lines (BxPC-3 and PC-3). Activation of caspase 3/7 was observed following a 24-h treatment of BxPC-3 cells with IC50 concentrations of MM134, -6, and -9 compounds. However, no DNA fragmentation characteristics for apoptosis were observed in the flow cytometry and DNA laddering analysis. Gene expression data indicated up-regulation of BCL10, GADD45A, RIPK2, TNF, TNFRSF10B, and TNFRSF1A (TNF-R1) following treatment of cells with the MM134 compound. Moreover, in silico studies indicated AKT2 kinase as the primary target of compounds. MM-compounds exhibit strong cytotoxic activity with pro-oxidative, pro-apoptotic, and possibly pro-necroptotic properties that could be employed for further drug discovery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Enfale Zerroug
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, BP 145, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Amit Dubey
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida 274203, Uttar Prades, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajamanikandan Sundaraj
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Karol Bukowski
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Biologically Oriented Hybrids of Indole and Hydantoin Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020602. [PMID: 36677661 PMCID: PMC9866919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoles and hydantoins are important heterocycles scaffolds which present in numerous bioactive compounds which possess various biological activities. Moreover, they are essential building blocks in organic synthesis, particularly for the preparation of important hybrid molecules. The series of hybrid compounds containing indoles and imidazolidin-2-one moiety with direct C-C bond were synthesized using an amidoalkylation one-pot reaction. All compounds were investigated as a growth regulator for germination, growth and development of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L). Their effect on drought resistance at very low concentrations (4 × 10-5 M) was evaluated. The study highlighted identified the leading compounds, 3a and 3e, with higher growth-regulating activity than the indole-auxin analogues.
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4
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Kochetkov KA, Gorunova ON, Bystrova NA, Dudina PV, Akimov MG. Synthesis and physiological activity of new imidazolidin-2-one bis-heterocyclic derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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5-Hydroxy-1-phenylimidazolidine-2-thione as a new amidoalkylating agent for heterocyclic compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Veselovská L, Pohl R, Tloušt′ová E, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Pyrido-Fused Deazapurine Bases: Synthesis and Glycosylation of 4-Substituted 9 H-Pyrido[2',3':4,5]- and Pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26278-26286. [PMID: 33073155 PMCID: PMC7557996 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two isomeric sets of 4-substituted pyridopyrrolopyrimidine nucleobases were prepared through nucleophilic substitutions or cross-coupling reactions of 4-chloropyridopyrrolopyrimidines. The corresponding 4-amino-pyridopyrrolopyrimidines were glycosylated with 5-O-tritylribose using the modified Mitsunobu protocol. Several examples of the title heterocycles showed blue or green fluorescence. Testing of the pyridopyrrolopyrimidine nucleobases for the cytotoxic effect revealed micromolar activity of 4-benzofuryl derivatives in both series, preferentially in multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Veselovská
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt′ová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hnìvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hnìvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hnìvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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7
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Veselovská L, Kudlová N, Gurská S, Lišková B, Medvedíková M, Hodek O, Tloušťová E, Milisavljevic N, Tichý M, Perlíková P, Mertlíková‐Kaiserová H, Trylčová J, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Cytotoxic and Antiviral Activity Profiling of All‐Four Isomeric Series of Pyrido‐Fused 7‐Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. Chemistry 2020; 26:13002-13015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Veselovská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Natálie Kudlová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Nemanja Milisavljevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková‐Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Trylčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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8
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Fleuti M, Bártová K, Slavětínská LP, Tloušt'ová E, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Biological Profiling of Pyrazolo-Fused 7-Deazapurine Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10539-10551. [PMID: 32692916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 8-substituted 1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (methylpyrazolo-fused 7-deazapurine) ribonucleosides have been designed and synthesized. Two synthetic approaches to the key heterocyclic aglycon 7, (i) a six-step classical heterocyclization starting from 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole and (ii) a three-step cross-coupling and cyclization approach starting from the zincated 4,6-dichloropyrimidine, gave comparable total yields of 18% vs 13%. The glycosylation of 7 was attempted by three different methods but only the Vorbrüggen silyl-base protocol was efficient and stereoselective to give desired β-anomeric nucleoside intermediate 17A. Its nucleophilic substitutions or cross-coupling reactions at position 8 and deprotection of the sugar moiety gave eight derivatives of pyrazolo-fused deazapurine ribonucleosides, some of which were weakly fluorescent. Methyl, amino, and methylsulfanyl derivatives exerted submicromolar cytotoxic effects in vitro against a panel of cancer and leukemia cell lines as well as antiviral effects against hepatitis C virus in the replicon assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fleuti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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9
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Hydrogen and Halogen Bond Mediated Coordination Polymers of Chloro-Substituted Pyrazin-2-Amine Copper(I) Bromide Complexes. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of six mono- (1; 3-Cl-, 2; 5-Cl-, 3; 6-Cl-) and di-(4; 3,6-Cl, 5; 5,6-Cl-, 6; 3,5-Cl-) chloro-substituted pyrazin-2-amine ligands (1–6) form complexes with copper (I) bromide, to give 1D and 2D coordination polymers through a combination of halogen and hydrogen bonding that were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. These Cu(I) complexes were prepared indirectly from the ligands and CuBr2 via an in situ redox process in moderate to high yields. Four of the pyrazine ligands, 1, 4–6 were found to favor a monodentate mode of coordination to one CuI ion. The absence of a C6-chloro substituent in ligands 1, 2 and 6 supported N1–Cu coordination over the alternative N4–Cu coordination mode evidenced for ligands 4 and 5. These monodentate systems afforded predominantly hydrogen bond (HB) networks containing a catenated (μ3-bromo)-CuI ‘staircase’ motif, with a network of ‘cooperative’ halogen bonds (XB), leading to infinite polymeric structures. Alternatively, ligands 2 and 3 preferred a μ2-N,N’ bridging mode leading to three different polymeric structures. These adopt the (μ3-bromo)-CuI ‘staircase’ motif observed in the monodentate ligands, a unique single (μ2-bromo)-CuI chain, or a discrete Cu2Br2 rhomboid (μ2-bromo)-CuI dimer. Two main HB patterns afforded by self-complimentary dimerization of the amino pyrazines described by the graph set notation R22(8) and non-cyclic intermolecular N–H∙∙∙N’ or N–H∙∙∙Br–Cu leading to infinite polymeric structures are discussed. The cooperative halogen bonding between C–Cl∙∙∙Cl–C and the C–Cl∙∙∙Br–Cu XB contacts are less than the sum of the van der Waals radii of participating atoms, with the latter ranging from 3.4178(14) to 3.582(15) Å. In all cases, the mode of coordination and pyrazine ring substituents affect the pattern of HBs and XBs in these supramolecular structures.
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10
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Mai NT, Lan NT, Vu TY, Duong PTM, Tung NT, Phung HTT. Estimation of the ligand-binding free energy of checkpoint kinase 1 via non-equilibrium MD simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107648. [PMID: 32653524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in cell cycle regulation in eukaryotes. Inhibition of CHK1 is thus considered as a promising approach in cancer therapy. In this study, the fast pulling of ligand (FPL) process was applied to predict the relative binding affinities of CHK1 inhibitors using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The work of external harmonic forces to pull the ligand out of the binding cavity strongly correlated with the experimental binding affinity of CHK1 inhibitors with the correlation coefficient of R = -0.88 and an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.99 kcal/mol. The data indicate that the FPL method is highly accurate in predicting the relative binding free energies of CHK1 inhibitors with an affordable CPU time. A new set of molecules were designed based on the molecular modeling of interactions between the known inhibitor and CHK1 as inhibitory candidates. Molecular docking and FPL results exhibited that the binding affinities of developed ligands were similar to the known inhibitor in interaction with the catalytic site of CHK1, producing very potential CHK1 inhibitors of that the inhibitory activities should be further evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Mai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngo Thi Lan
- Institute of Materials Science & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thien Y Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Thi Mai Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tung
- Institute of Materials Science & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Huong Thi Thu Phung
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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11
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Ohashi S, Kikuchi O, Nakai Y, Ida T, Saito T, Kondo Y, Yamamoto Y, Mitani Y, Nguyen Vu TH, Fukuyama K, Tsukihara H, Suzuki N, Muto M. Synthetic Lethality with Trifluridine/Tipiracil and Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1363-1372. [PMID: 32371587 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a disease characterized by a high mutation rate of the TP53 gene, which plays pivotal roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and is regulated by checkpoint kinase (CHK) 2. CHK1 is another key DDR-related protein, and its selective inhibition is suggested to be particularly sensitive to TP53-mutated cancers, because a loss of both pathways (CHK1 and/or CHK2-p53) is lethal due to the serious impairment of DDR. Such a therapeutic strategy is termed synthetic lethality. Here, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy based on synthetic lethality combining trifluridine/tipiracil and prexasertib (CHK1 inhibitor) as a treatment for ESCC. Trifluridine is a key component of the antitumor drug combination with trifluridine/tipiracil (an inhibitor of trifluridine degradation), also known as TAS-102. In this study, we demonstrate that trifluridine increases CHK1 phosphorylation in ESCC cells combined with a reduction of the S-phase ratio as well as the induction of ssDNA damage. Because CHK1 phosphorylation is considered to be induced as DDR for trifluridine-mediated DNA damage, we examined the effects of CHK1 inhibition on trifluridine treatment. Consequently, CHK1 inhibition by short hairpin RNA or treatment with the CHK1 inhibitor, prexasertib, markedly enhanced trifluridine-mediated DNA damage, represented by an increase of γH2AX expression. Moreover, the combination of trifluridine/tipiracil and CHK1 inhibition significantly suppressed tumor growth of ESCC-derived xenograft tumors. Furthermore, the combination of trifluridine and prexasertib enhanced radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo Thus, the combination of trifluridine/tipiracil and a CHK1 inhibitor exhibits effective antitumor effects, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yukie Nakai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ida
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Saito
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mitani
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Trang H Nguyen Vu
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Fukuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukihara
- Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Norihiko Suzuki
- Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Synthesis of new physiologically active (2-oxoimidazolidin-5-yl)indoles. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of 2-amino-3,5-disubstituted-pyrazines as Aurora kinases inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Patties I, Kallendrusch S, Böhme L, Kendzia E, Oppermann H, Gaunitz F, Kortmann RD, Glasow A. The Chk1 inhibitor SAR-020106 sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to irradiation, to temozolomide, and to decitabine treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:420. [PMID: 31639020 PMCID: PMC6805470 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumour in adults with a median overall survival of only 14 months after standard therapy with radiation therapy (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ). In a novel multimodal treatment approach we combined the checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor SAR-020106 (SAR), disrupting homologue recombination, with standard DNA damage inducers (IR, TMZ) and the epigenetic/cytotoxic drug decitabine (5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine, 5-aza-dC). Different in vitro glioblastoma models are monitored to evaluate if the impaired DNA damage repair may chemo/radiosensitize the tumour cells. Methods Human p53-mutated (p53-mut) and -wildtype (p53-wt) glioblastoma cell lines (p53-mut: LN405, T98G; p53-wt: A172, DBTRG) and primary glioblastoma cells (p53-mut: P0297; p53-wt: P0306) were treated with SAR combined with TMZ, 5-aza-dC, and/or IR and analysed for induction of apoptosis (AnnexinV and sub-G1 assay), cell cycle distribution (nuclear PI staining), DNA damage (alkaline comet or gH2A.X assay), proliferation inhibition (BrdU assay), reproductive survival (clonogenic assay), and potential tumour stem cells (nestinpos/GFAPneg fluorescence staining). Potential treatment-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated on nestin-positive neural progenitor cells in a murine entorhinal-hippocampal slice culture model. Results SAR showed radiosensitizing effects on the induction of apoptosis and on the reduction of long-term survival in p53-mut and p53-wt glioblastoma cell lines and primary cells. In p53-mut cells, this effect was accompanied by an abrogation of the IR-induced G2/M arrest and an enhancement of IR-induced DNA damage by SAR treatment. Also TMZ and 5-aza-dC acted radioadditively albeit to a lesser extent. The multimodal treatment achieved the most effective reduction of clonogenicity in all tested cell lines and did not affect the ratio of nestinpos/GFAPneg cells. No neurotoxic effects were detected when the number of nestin-positive neural progenitor cells remained unchanged after multimodal treatment. Conclusion The Chk1 inhibitor SAR-020106 is a potent sensitizer for DNA damage-induced cell death in glioblastoma therapy strongly reducing clonogenicity of tumour cells. Selectively enhanced p53-mut cell death may provide stronger responses in tumours defective of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Our results suggest that a multimodal therapy involving DNA damage inducers and DNA repair inhibitors might be an effective anti-tumour strategy with a low risk of neurotoxicity.
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Tong L, Song P, Jiang K, Xu L, Jin T, Wang P, Hu X, Fang S, Gao A, Zhou Y, Liu T, Li J, Hu Y. Discovery of (R)-5-((5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-(methylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-(piperidin-3-yloxy)picolinonitrile, a novel CHK1 inhibitor for hematologic malignancies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:44-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Andreev S, Pantsar T, Ansideri F, Kudolo M, Forster M, Schollmeyer D, Laufer SA, Koch P. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 7-Chloro-9 H-pyrimido[4,5- b]indole-based Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122331. [PMID: 31242571 PMCID: PMC6630214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) represents a relevant drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer's disease. We herein report on the optimization of a novel class of GSK-3β inhibitors based on the tofacitinib-derived screen hit 3-((3R,4R)-3-((7-chloro-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (1). We synthesized a series of 19 novel 7-chloro-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-based derivatives and studied their structure-activity relationships with focus on the cyanoacetyl piperidine moiety. We unveiled the crucial role of the nitrile group and its importance for the activity of this compound series. A successful rigidization approach afforded 3-(3aRS,7aSR)-(1-(7-chloro-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-4-yl)octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)-propanenitrile (24), which displayed an IC50 value of 130 nM on GSK-3β and was further characterized by its metabolic stability. Finally, we disclosed the putative binding modes of the most potent inhibitors within the ATP binding site of GSK-3β by 1 µs molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Andreev
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tatu Pantsar
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Francesco Ansideri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pierre Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Proteome-wide analysis of chaperone-mediated autophagy targeting motifs. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000301. [PMID: 31150375 PMCID: PMC6561683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) contributes to the lysosomal degradation of a selective subset of proteins. Selectivity lies in the chaperone heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70) recognizing a pentapeptide motif (KFERQ-like motif) in the protein sequence essential for subsequent targeting and degradation of CMA substrates in lysosomes. Interest in CMA is growing due to its recently identified regulatory roles in metabolism, differentiation, cell cycle, and its malfunctioning in aging and conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration, or diabetes. Identification of the subset of the proteome amenable to CMA degradation could further expand our understanding of the pathophysiological relevance of this form of autophagy. To that effect, we have performed an in silico screen for KFERQ-like motifs across proteomes of several species. We have found that KFERQ-like motifs are more frequently located in solvent-exposed regions of proteins, and that the position of acidic and hydrophobic residues in the motif plays the most important role in motif construction. Cross-species comparison of proteomes revealed higher motif conservation in CMA-proficient species. The tools developed in this work have also allowed us to analyze the enrichment of motif-containing proteins in biological processes on an unprecedented scale and discover a previously unknown association between the type and combination of KFERQ-like motifs in proteins and their participation in specific biological processes. To facilitate further analysis by the scientific community, we have developed a free web-based resource (KFERQ finder) for direct identification of KFERQ-like motifs in any protein sequence. This resource will contribute to accelerating understanding of the physiological relevance of CMA. Cells use a sophisticated code to sort proteins that must be retained for reuse from those that need to be sent to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. These authors develop tools to identify the selective lysosomal degradation motifs and use them to start breaking this code.
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Yang B, Vasbinder MM, Hird AW, Su Q, Wang H, Yu Y, Toader D, Lyne PD, Read JA, Breed J, Ioannidis S, Deng C, Grondine M, DeGrace N, Whitston D, Brassil P, Janetka JW. Adventures in Scaffold Morphing: Discovery of Fused Ring Heterocyclic Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1061-1073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Melissa M. Vasbinder
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Alexander W. Hird
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Qibin Su
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Haixia Wang
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yan Yu
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dorin Toader
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paul D. Lyne
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jon A. Read
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science
Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jason Breed
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science
Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Stephanos Ioannidis
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Chun Deng
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael Grondine
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Nancy DeGrace
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David Whitston
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Patrick Brassil
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Qiu Z, Oleinick NL, Zhang J. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors and cancer therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 126:450-464. [PMID: 29054375 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle checkpoint proteins ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and its major downstream effector checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) prevent the entry of cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA into mitosis when the cells are challenged by DNA damaging agents, such as radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapeutic drugs, that are the major modalities to treat cancer. This regulation is particularly evident in cells with a defective G1 checkpoint, a common feature of cancer cells, due to p53 mutations. In addition, ATR and/or CHK1 suppress replication stress (RS) by inhibiting excess origin firing, particularly in cells with activated oncogenes. Those functions of ATR/CHK1 make them ideal therapeutic targets. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors have been developed and are currently used either as single agents or paired with radiotherapy or a variety of genotoxic chemotherapies in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review the status of the development of ATR and CHK1 inhibitors. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which ATR and CHK1 inhibition induces cell killing in the presence or absence of exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as RT and chemotherapeutic agents. Lastly, we discuss synthetic lethality interactions between the inhibition of ATR/CHK1 and defects in other DNA damage response (DDR) pathways/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Nancy L Oleinick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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20
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Rorà AGLD, Iacobucci I, Imbrogno E, Papayannidis C, Derenzini E, Ferrari A, Guadagnuolo V, Robustelli V, Parisi S, Sartor C, Abbenante MC, Paolini S, Martinelli G. Prexasertib, a Chk1/Chk2 inhibitor, increases the effectiveness of conventional therapy in B-/T- cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53377-53391. [PMID: 27438145 PMCID: PMC5288194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few years many Checkpoint kinase 1/2 (Chk1/Chk2) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of different type of cancers. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of the Chk 1/2 inhibitor prexasertib mesylate monohydrate in B-/T- cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as single agent and in combination with other drugs. The prexasertib reduced the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner in all the treated cell lines. The cytotoxic activity was confirmed by the increment of apoptotic cells (Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining), by the increase of γH2A.X protein expression and by the activation of different apoptotic markers (Parp-1 and pro-Caspase3 cleavage). Furthermore, the inhibition of Chk1 changed the cell cycle profile. In order to evaluate the chemo-sensitizer activity of the compound, different cell lines were treated for 24 and 48 hours with prexasertib in combination with other drugs (imatinib, dasatinib and clofarabine). The results from cell line models were strengthened in primary leukemic blasts isolated from peripheral blood of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. In this study we highlighted the mechanism of action and the effectiveness of prexasertib as single agent or in combination with other conventional drugs like imatinib, dasatinib and clofarabine in the treatment of B-/T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Imbrogno
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Guadagnuolo
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartor
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Abbenante
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Osborne JD, Matthews TP, McHardy T, Proisy N, Cheung KMJ, Lainchbury M, Brown N, Walton MI, Eve PD, Boxall KJ, Hayes A, Henley AT, Valenti MR, De Haven Brandon AK, Box G, Jamin Y, Robinson SP, Westwood IM, van Montfort RLM, Leonard PM, Lamers MBAC, Reader JC, Aherne GW, Raynaud FI, Eccles SA, Garrett MD, Collins I. Multiparameter Lead Optimization to Give an Oral Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitor Clinical Candidate: (R)-5-((4-((Morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile (CCT245737). J Med Chem 2016; 59:5221-37. [PMID: 27167172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiparameter optimization of a series of 5-((4-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitriles resulted in the identification of a potent and selective oral CHK1 preclinical development candidate with in vivo efficacy as a potentiator of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging chemotherapy and as a single agent. Cellular mechanism of action assays were used to give an integrated assessment of compound selectivity during optimization resulting in a highly CHK1 selective adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor. A single substituent vector directed away from the CHK1 kinase active site was unexpectedly found to drive the selective cellular efficacy of the compounds. Both CHK1 potency and off-target human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel inhibition were dependent on lipophilicity and basicity in this series. Optimization of CHK1 cellular potency and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) properties gave a compound with low predicted doses and exposures in humans which mitigated the residual weak in vitro hERG inhibition.
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22
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Liang X, Huang Y, Zang J, Gao Q, Wang B, Xu W, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 4-aminopyrazole derivatives as novel and potent JAKs inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2660-72. [PMID: 27137359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Dube D, Tiwari P, Kaur P. The hunt for antimitotic agents: an overview of structure-based design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:579-97. [PMID: 27077683 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1174689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structure-based drug discovery offers a rational approach for the design and development of novel anti-mitotic agents which target specific proteins involved in mitosis. This strategy has paved the way for development of a new generation of chemotypes which selectively interfere with the target proteins. The interference of these anti-mitotic targets implicated in diverse stages of mitotic cell cycle progression culminates in cancer cell apoptosis. AREAS COVERED This review covers the various mitotic inhibitors developed against validated mitotic checkpoint protein targets using structure-based design and optimization strategies. The protein-ligand interactions and the insights gained from these studies, culminating in the development of more potent and selective inhibitors, have been presented. EXPERT OPINION The advent of structure-based drug design coupled with advances in X-ray crystallography has revolutionized the discovery of candidate lead molecules. The structural insights gleaned from the co-complex protein-drug interactions have provided a new dimension in the design of anti-mitotic molecules to develop drugs with a higher selectivity and specificity profile. Targeting non-catalytic domains has provided an alternate approach to address cross-reactivity and broad selectivity among kinase inhibitors. The elucidation of structures of emerging mitotic drug targets has opened avenues for the design of inhibitors that target cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dube
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - P Tiwari
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - P Kaur
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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24
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Lee SJ, Fowler JS, Alexoff D, Schueller M, Kim D, Nauth A, Weber C, Kim SW, Hooker JM, Ma L, Qu W. An efficient and practical synthesis of [2-(11)C]indole via superfast nucleophilic [(11)C]cyanation and RANEY® Nickel catalyzed reductive cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:11235-43. [PMID: 26411301 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method for the synthesis of carbon-11 radiolabeled indole was developed using a sub-nanomolar quantity of no-carrier-added [(11)C]cyanide as radio-precursor. Based upon a reported synthesis of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetonitrile (), a highly reactive substrate 2-nitrobenzyl bromide () was evaluated for nucleophilic [(11)C]cyanation. Additionally, related reaction conditions were explored with the goal of obtaining of highly reactive 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-[1-(11)C]acetonitrile () while inhibiting its rapid conversion to 2,3-bis(2-nitrophenyl)-[1-(11)C]propanenitrile (). Next, a RANEY® Nickel catalyzed reductive cyclization method was utilized for synthesizing the desired [2-(11)C]indole with hydrazinium monoformate as the active reducing agent. Extensive and iterative screening of basicity, temperature and stoichiometry was required to overcome the large stoichiometry bias that favored 2-nitrobenzylbromide () over [(11)C]cyanide, which both caused further alkylation of the desired nitrile and poisoned the RANEY® Nickel catalyst. The result is an efficient two-step, streamlined method to reliably synthesize [2-(11)C]indole with an entire radiochemical yield of 21 ± 2.2% (n = 5, ranging from 18-24%). The radiochemical purity of the final product was >98% and specific activity was 176 ± 24.8 GBq μmol(-1) (n = 5, ranging from 141-204 GBq μmol(-1)). The total radiosynthesis time including product purification by semi-preparative HPLC was 50-55 min from end of cyclotron bombardment.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Lee
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joanna S Fowler
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - David Alexoff
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - Michael Schueller
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - Alexander Nauth
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. and Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carina Weber
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. and Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Ling Ma
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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25
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Manic G, Obrist F, Sistigu A, Vitale I. Trial Watch: Targeting ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways for anticancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e1012976. [PMID: 27308506 PMCID: PMC4905354 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1012976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM)/checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2, best known as CHK2) and the ATM and Rad3-related serine/threonine kinase (ATR)/CHEK1 (best known as CHK1) cascades are the 2 major signaling pathways driving the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of processes crucial for the preservation of genomic stability that act as a barrier against tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Mutations and/or deletions of ATM and/or CHK2 are frequently found in tumors and predispose to cancer development. In contrast, the ATR-CHK1 pathway is often upregulated in neoplasms and is believed to promote tumor growth, although some evidence indicates that ATR and CHK1 may also behave as haploinsufficient oncosuppressors, at least in a specific genetic background. Inactivation of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways efficiently sensitizes malignant cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATR and CHK1 inhibitors selectively kill tumor cells that present high levels of replication stress, have a deficiency in p53 (or other DDR players), or upregulate the ATR-CHK1 module. Despite promising preclinical results, the clinical activity of ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, has not yet been fully demonstrated. In this Trial Watch, we give an overview of the roles of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways in cancer initiation and progression, and summarize the results of clinical studies aimed at assessing the safety and therapeutic profile of regimens based on inhibitors of ATR and CHK1, the only 2 classes of compounds that have so far entered clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florine Obrist
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “TorVergata”; Rome, Italy
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26
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Lawhorn BG, Philp J, Zhao Y, Louer C, Hammond M, Cheung M, Fries H, Graves AP, Shewchuk L, Wang L, Cottom JE, Qi H, Zhao H, Totoritis R, Zhang G, Schwartz B, Li H, Sweitzer S, Holt DA, Gatto GJ, Kallander LS. Identification of Purines and 7-Deazapurines as Potent and Selective Type I Inhibitors of Troponin I-Interacting Kinase (TNNI3K). J Med Chem 2015; 58:7431-48. [PMID: 26355916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of cardiac troponin I-interacting kinase (TNNI3K) inhibitors arising from 3-((9H-purin-6-yl)amino)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (1) is disclosed along with fundamental structure-function relationships that delineate the role of each element of 1 for TNNI3K recognition. An X-ray structure of 1 bound to TNNI3K confirmed its Type I binding mode and is used to rationalize the structure-activity relationship and employed to design potent, selective, and orally bioavailable TNNI3K inhibitors. Identification of the 7-deazapurine heterocycle as a superior template (vs purine) and its elaboration by introduction of C4-benzenesulfonamide and C7- and C8-7-deazapurine substituents produced compounds with substantial improvements in potency (>1000-fold), general kinase selectivity (10-fold improvement), and pharmacokinetic properties (>10-fold increase in poDNAUC). Optimal members of the series have properties suitable for use in in vitro and in vivo experiments aimed at elucidating the role of TNNI3K in cardiac biology and serve as leads for developing novel heart failure medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Lawhorn
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Joanne Philp
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Yongdong Zhao
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Christopher Louer
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Marlys Hammond
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Mui Cheung
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Harvey Fries
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Alan P Graves
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Lisa Shewchuk
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Liping Wang
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Joshua E Cottom
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Hongwei Qi
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Huizhen Zhao
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Rachel Totoritis
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Benjamin Schwartz
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Sharon Sweitzer
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Dennis A Holt
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Gregory J Gatto
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Lara S Kallander
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and ‡Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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27
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Cuzzolin A, Sturlese M, Malvacio I, Ciancetta A, Moro S. DockBench: An Integrated Informatic Platform Bridging the Gap between the Robust Validation of Docking Protocols and Virtual Screening Simulations. Molecules 2015; 20:9977-93. [PMID: 26035098 PMCID: PMC6272630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening (VS) is a computational methodology that streamlines the drug discovery process by reducing costs and required resources through the in silico identification of potential drug candidates. Structure-based VS (SBVS) exploits knowledge about the three-dimensional (3D) structure of protein targets and uses the docking methodology as search engine for novel hits. The success of a SBVS campaign strongly depends upon the accuracy of the docking protocol used to select the candidates from large chemical libraries. The identification of suitable protocols is therefore a crucial step in the setup of SBVS experiments. Carrying out extensive benchmark studies, however, is usually a tangled task that requires users' proficiency in handling different file formats and philosophies at the basis of the plethora of existing software packages. We present here DockBench 1.0, a platform available free of charge that eases the pipeline by automating the entire procedure, from docking benchmark to VS setups. In its current implementation, DockBench 1.0 handles seven docking software packages and offers the possibility to test up to seventeen different protocols. The main features of our platform are presented here and the results of the benchmark study of human Checkpoint kinase 1 (hChk1) are discussed as validation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cuzzolin
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Ivana Malvacio
- INFIQC-Organic Chemistry Department, School of Chemical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, CP 5000, Argentine.
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy.
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28
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Combining docking-based comparative intermolecular contacts analysis and k-nearest neighbor correlation for the discovery of new check point kinase 1 inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:561-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Gomha SM, Abdulla MM, Abou-Seri SM. Identification of novel aminothiazole and aminothiadiazole conjugated cyanopyridines as selective CHK1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:459-70. [PMID: 25594740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) are of current interest as potential anti-tumor agents. Novel series of cyanopyridyl-aminothiadiazoles (synthesized from reaction of 1-(3-cyano-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea (14) with hydrazonoyl halides) and cyanopyridyl-aminothiazolyl-thiadiazoles (synthesized from treatment of 14 with ethyl chloroacetate followed by reaction of the obtained cyanopyridyl-aminothiazole with hydrazonoyl halides) were synthesized and evaluated for their CHK1 inhibitory potential using a cell-based assay cascade. The tested compounds exhibited a potent and selective CHK1 inhibitory activity at nanomolar levels that reflected their ability to abrogate cell cycle arrest and potentiate the cytotoxic effect of the genotoxic drug gemcitabine in colon cancer cells. Molecular modeling simulation revealed that, the most active compound 28a docked well into the enzyme active site and their complex is stabilized by a key H-bonding with the backbone amide of Cys-87 as well as multiple favorable hydrophobic interactions with different hydrophobic binding regions of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | | | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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30
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Pirard B, Ertl P. Evaluation of a semi-automated workflow for fragment growing. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:180-93. [PMID: 25514394 DOI: 10.1021/ci5006355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent Automatic Design (IADE) is an expert system developed at Novartis to identify nonclassical bioisosteres. In addition to bioisostere searching, one could also use IADE to grow a fragment bound to a protein. Here we report an evaluation of IADE as a tool for fragment growing. Three examples from the literature served as test cases. In all three cases, IADE generated close analogues of the published compounds and reproduced their crystallographic binding modes. This exercise validated the use of the IADE system for fragment growing. We have also gained experience in optimizing the performance of IADE for this type of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pirard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Abstract
Fragment-based drug design has become an important strategy for drug design and development over the last decade. It has been used with particular success in the development of kinase inhibitors, which are one of the most widely explored classes of drug targets today. The application of fragment-based methods to discovering and optimizing kinase inhibitors can be a complicated and daunting task; however, a general process has emerged that has been highly fruitful. Here a practical outline of the fragment process used in kinase inhibitor design and development is laid out with specific examples. A guide to the overall process from initial discovery through fragment screening, including the difficulties in detection, to the computational methods available for use in optimization of the discovered fragments is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Erickson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA,
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32
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Identification of novel inhibitors of human Chk1 using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and their evaluation as potential anti-cancer agents. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:1247-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Yang HK, You WW, Yan GH, Jiang ZH, Zhao PL, Zhou ZZ. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Amino-7-azaindoles Under Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.858360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kui Yang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen-Wei You
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guang-Hua Yan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
- b State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
| | - Pei-Liang Zhao
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhou
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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34
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Allen CE, Welford AJ, Matthews TP, Caldwell JJ, Collins I. Fragment growing to retain or alter the selectivity of anchored kinase hinge-binding fragments. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00308f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity patterns of kinase hinge-binding fragments can be retained during fragment growing, suggesting a new way to control poly-pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Allen
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- Sutton, UK
| | - Amanda J. Welford
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- Sutton, UK
| | - Thomas P. Matthews
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- Sutton, UK
| | - John J. Caldwell
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- Sutton, UK
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- Sutton, UK
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35
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Newhouse BJ, Wenglowsky S, Grina J, Laird ER, Voegtli WC, Ren L, Ahrendt K, Buckmelter A, Gloor SL, Klopfenstein N, Rudolph J, Wen Z, Li X, Feng B. Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine inhibitors of B-Raf kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5896-9. [PMID: 24042006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This Letter details the synthesis and evaluation of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines as inhibitors of B-Raf kinase. These compounds bind in a DFG-in, αC-helix out conformation of B-Raf, which is a binding mode associated with significant kinase selectivity. Structure-activity relationship studies involved optimization of the ATP-cleft binding region of these molecules, and led to compound 23, an inhibitor with excellent enzyme/cell potency, and kinase selectivity.
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36
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Touchefeu Y, Khan AA, Borst G, Zaidi SH, McLaughlin M, Roulstone V, Mansfield D, Kyula J, Pencavel T, Karapanagiotou EM, Clayton J, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ, Garrett M, Collins I, Harrington KJ. Optimising measles virus-guided radiovirotherapy with external beam radiotherapy and specific checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:24-31. [PMID: 23849174 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously reported a therapeutic strategy comprising replication-defective NIS-expressing adenovirus combined with radioiodide, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and DNA repair inhibition. We have now evaluated NIS-expressing oncolytic measles virus (MV-NIS) combined with NIS-guided radioiodide, EBRT and specific checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibition in head and neck and colorectal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effects of individual agents and their combinations were measured by MTS, clonogenic and Western analysis. Viral gene expression was measured by radioisotope uptake and replication by one-step growth curves. Potential synergistic interactions were tested in vitro by Bliss independence analysis and in in vivo therapeutic studies. RESULTS EBRT and MV-NIS were synergistic in vitro. Furthermore, EBRT increased NIS expression in infected cells. SAR-020106 was synergistic with EBRT, but also with MV-NIS in HN5 cells. MV-NIS mediated (131)I-induced cytotoxicity in HN5 and HCT116 cells and, in the latter, this was enhanced by SAR-020106. In vivo studies confirmed that MV-NIS, EBRT and Chk1 inhibition were effective in HCT116 xenografts. The quadruplet regimen of MV-NIS, virally-directed (131)I, EBRT and SAR-020106 had significant anti-tumour activity in HCT116 xenografts. CONCLUSION This study strongly supports translational and clinical research on MV-NIS combined with radiation therapy and radiosensitising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Touchefeu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Matthews TP, Jones AM, Collins I. Structure-based design, discovery and development of checkpoint kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer therapies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:621-40. [PMID: 23594139 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.788496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Checkpoint kinase (CHK) inhibitors offer the promise of enhancing the effectiveness of widely prescribed cancer chemotherapies and radiotherapy by inhibiting the DNA damage response, as well as the potential for single agent efficacy. AREAS COVERED This article surveys structural insights into the checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 that have been exploited to enhance the selectivity and potency of small molecule inhibitors. Furthermore, the authors review the use of mechanistic cellular assays to guide the optimisation of inhibitors. Finally, the authors discuss the status of the current clinical candidates and emerging new clinical contexts for CHK1 and CHK2 inhibitors, including the prospects for single agent efficacy. EXPERT OPINION Protein-bound water molecules play key roles in structural features that can be targeted to gain high selectivity for either enzyme. The results of early phase clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitors have been mixed, but significant progress has been made in testing the combination of CHK1 inhibitors with genotoxic chemotherapy. Second-generation CHK1 inhibitors are likely to benefit from increased selectivity and oral bioavailability. While the optimum therapeutic context for CHK2 inhibition remains unclear, the emergence of single agent preclinical efficacy for CHK1 inhibitors in specific tumour types exhibiting constitutive replication stress represents exciting progress in exploring the therapeutic potential of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Matthews
- Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, London SM2 5NG, UK
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38
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Kim SH, Markovitz B, Trovato R, Murphy BR, Austin H, Willardsen AJ, Baichwal V, Morham S, Bajji A. Discovery of a new HIV-1 inhibitor scaffold and synthesis of potential prodrugs of indazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2888-92. [PMID: 23566519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new oxazole scaffold showing great promise in HIV-1 inhibition has been discovered by cell-based screening of an in-house library and scaffold modification. Follow-up SAR study focusing on the 5-aryl substituent of the oxazole core has identified 4k (EC50=0.42μM, TI=50) as a potent inhibitor. However, the analogues suffered from poor aqueous solubility. To address this issue, we have developed broadly applicable potential prodrugs of indazoles. Among them, N-acyloxymethyl analogue 11b displayed promising results (i.e., increased aqueous solubility and susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis). Further studies are warranted to fully evaluate the analogues as the potential prodrugs with improved physiochemical and PK properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Kim
- Myrexis Inc., 305 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
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39
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Furgason JM, Bahassi EM. Targeting DNA repair mechanisms in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:298-308. [PMID: 23107892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of genomic integrity is an essential process for cell homeostasis. DNA-damage response (DDR) promotes faithful transmission of genomes in dividing cells by reversing the extrinsic and intrinsic DNA damage, and is required for cell survival during replication. Radiation and genotoxic drugs have been widely used in the clinic for years to treat cancer but DNA repair mechanisms are often associated with chemo- and radio-resistance. To increase the efficacy of these treatments, inhibitors of the major components of the DDR such as ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM and Rad3-related), DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit), Chk1 (checkpoint protein 1) and Chk2 (checkpoint protein 2) have been used to confer radio- and/or chemosensitivity upon cancer cells. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair and the discovery that tumors are frequently repair-deficient provide a therapeutic opportunity to selectively target this deficiency. Genetic mutations in the DNA repair genes constitute not only the initiating event of the cancer cell but also its weakness since the mutated gene is often needed by the cancer cell to maintain its own survival. This weakness has been exploited to specifically kill the tumor cells while sparing the normal ones, a concept known as 'synthetic lethality'. Recent efforts in the design of cancer therapies are directed towards exploiting synthetic lethal interactions with cancer-associated mutations in the DDR. In this review, we will discuss the latest concepts in targeting DNA repair mechanisms in cancer and the novel and promising compounds currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Furgason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0508, United States
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40
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Lainchbury M, Matthews TP, McHardy T, Boxall KJ, Walton MI, Eve PD, Hayes A, Valenti MR, de Haven Brandon AK, Box G, Aherne GW, Reader JC, Raynaud FI, Eccles SA, Garrett MD, Collins I. Discovery of 3-alkoxyamino-5-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitriles as selective, orally bioavailable CHK1 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10229-40. [PMID: 23082860 PMCID: PMC3506129 DOI: 10.1021/jm3012933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inhibitors of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) are of current
interest
as potential antitumor agents, but the most advanced inhibitor series
reported to date are not orally bioavailable. A novel series of potent
and orally bioavailable 3-alkoxyamino-5-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile
CHK1 inhibitors was generated by hybridization of two lead scaffolds
derived from fragment-based drug design and optimized for CHK1 potency
and high selectivity using a cell-based assay cascade. Efficient in
vivo pharmacokinetic assessment was used to identify compounds with
prolonged exposure following oral dosing. The optimized compound (CCT244747)
was a potent and highly selective CHK1 inhibitor, which modulated
the DNA damage response pathway in human tumor xenografts and showed
antitumor activity in combination with genotoxic chemotherapies and
as a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lainchbury
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG U. K
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41
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Walton MI, Eve PD, Hayes A, Valenti MR, De Haven Brandon AK, Box G, Hallsworth A, Smith EL, Boxall KJ, Lainchbury M, Matthews TP, Jamin Y, Robinson SP, Aherne GW, Reader JC, Chesler L, Raynaud FI, Eccles SA, Collins I, Garrett MD. CCT244747 is a novel potent and selective CHK1 inhibitor with oral efficacy alone and in combination with genotoxic anticancer drugs. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5650-61. [PMID: 22929806 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many tumors exhibit defective cell-cycle checkpoint control and increased replicative stress. CHK1 is critically involved in the DNA damage response and maintenance of replication fork stability. We have therefore discovered a novel potent, highly selective, orally active ATP-competitive CHK1 inhibitor, CCT244747, and present its preclinical pharmacology and therapeutic activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cellular CHK1 activity was assessed using an ELISA assay, and cytotoxicity a SRB assay. Biomarker modulation was measured using immunoblotting, and cell-cycle effects by flow cytometry analysis. Single-agent oral CCT244747 antitumor activity was evaluated in a MYCN-driven transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma by MRI and in genotoxic combinations in human tumor xenografts by growth delay. RESULTS CCT244747 inhibited cellular CHK1 activity (IC(50) 29-170 nmol/L), significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of several anticancer drugs, and abrogated drug-induced S and G(2) arrest in multiple tumor cell lines. Biomarkers of CHK1 (pS296 CHK1) activity and cell-cycle inactivity (pY15 CDK1) were induced by genotoxics and inhibited by CCT244747 both in vitro and in vivo, producing enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis. Active tumor concentrations of CCT244747 were obtained following oral administration. The antitumor activity of both gemcitabine and irinotecan were significantly enhanced by CCT244747 in several human tumor xenografts, giving concomitant biomarker modulation indicative of CHK1 inhibition. CCT244747 also showed marked antitumor activity as a single agent in a MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. CONCLUSION CCT244747 represents the first structural disclosure of a highly selective, orally active CHK1 inhibitor and warrants further evaluation alone or combined with genotoxic anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike I Walton
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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