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Zou Y, Huang M, Hu M, Wang H, Chen W, Tian R. Radiopharmaceuticals Targeting Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor for Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4199-4216. [PMID: 39219355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The high incidence and heavy disease burden of prostate cancer (PC) require accurate and comprehensive assessment for appropriate disease management. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) cannot detect PSMA-negative lesions, despite its key role in PC disease management. The overexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in PC lesions reportedly performs as a complementary target for the diagnosis and therapy of PC. Radiopharmaceuticals derived from the natural ligands of GRPR have been developed. These radiopharmaceuticals enable the visualization and quantification of GRPR within the body, which can be used for disease assessment and therapeutic guidance. Recently developed radiopharmaceuticals exhibit improved pharmacokinetic parameters without deterioration in affinity. Several heterodimers targeting GRPR have been constructed as alternatives because of their potential to detect tumor lesions with a low diagnostic efficiency of single target detection. Moreover, some GRPR-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have entered clinical trials for the initial staging or biochemical recurrence detection of PC to guide disease stratification and therapy, indicating considerable potential in PC disease management. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the progress of radiopharmaceuticals targeting GRPR. In particular, we discuss the impact of ligands, chelators, and linkers on the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we summarize a potential design scheme to facilitate the advancement of radiopharmaceuticals and, thus, prompt clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingxing Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Nuclear Medicine Research Lab, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Nuclear Medicine Research Lab, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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2
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Barrabés S, Ng-Choi I, Martínez MÁ, Manzano BR, Jalón FA, Espino G, Feliu L, Planas M, de Llorens R, Massaguer A. A nucleus-directed bombesin derivative for targeted delivery of metallodrugs to cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 212:111214. [PMID: 32919249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a set of bombesin derivatives with the aim of exploring their tumor targeting properties to deliver metal-based chemotherapeutics into cancer cells. Peptide QRLGNQWAVGHLL-NH2 (BN3) was selected based on its high internalization in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-overexpressing PC-3 cells. Three metallopeptides were prepared by incorporating the terpyridine Pt(II) complex [PtCl(cptpy)]Cl (1) (cptpy = 4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2':6,2″-terpyridine) at the N-terminus of BN3 or at the NƐ- or Nα-amino group of an additional Lys residue (1-BN3, Lys-1-BN3 and 1-Lys-BN3, respectively). 1-Lys-BN3 displayed the best cytotoxic activity (IC50: 19.2 ± 1.7 μM) and similar ability to intercalate into DNA than complex 1. Moreover, the polypyridine Ru(II) complex [Ru(bpy)2)(cmbpy)](PF6)2 (2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; cmbpy = 4-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4'-carboxylic acid), with proven activity as photosensitizer, was coupled to BN3 leading to metallopeptide 2-Lys-BN3. Upon photoactivation, 2-Lys-BN3 displayed 2.5-fold higher cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells (IC50: 7.6 ± 1.0 μM) than complex 2. To enhance the accumulation of the drugs into the cell nucleus, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) PKKKRKV was incorporated at the N-terminus of BN3. NLS-BN3 displayed higher cellular internalization along with nuclear biodistribution. Accordingly, metallopeptides 1-NLS-BN3 and 2-NLS-BN3 showed increased cytotoxicity (IC50: 12.0 ± 1.1 μM and 2.3 ± 1.1 μM). Interestingly, the phototoxic index of 2-NLS-BN3 was 8-fold higher than that of complex 2. Next, the selectivity towards cancer cells was explored using 1BR3.G fibroblasts. Higher selectivity indexes were obtained for 1-NLS-BN3 and 2-NLS-BN3 than for the unconjugated complexes. These results prove NLS-BN3 effective for targeted delivery of metallodrugs to GRPR-overexpressing cells and for enhancing the cytotoxic efficacy of metal-based photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Barrabés
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Iteng Ng-Choi
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Félix A Jalón
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Lidia Feliu
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marta Planas
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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3
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Zhang J, Singh A, Kulkarni HR, Schuchardt C, Müller D, Wester HJ, Maina T, Rösch F, van der Meulen NP, Müller C, Mäcke H, Baum RP. From Bench to Bedside-The Bad Berka Experience With First-in-Human Studies. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:422-437. [PMID: 31470935 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology is being driven by rapid advances in novel diagnostics and therapeutic interventions, with treatments targeted to the needs of individual patients on the basis of genetic, biomarker, phenotypic, or psychosocial characteristics that distinguish a given patient from other patients with similar clinical presentations. Inherent in the theranostics paradigm is the assumption that diagnostic test results can precisely determine whether an individual is likely to benefit from a specific treatment. As part and integral in the current era of precision oncology, theranostics in the context of nuclear medicine aims to identify the appropriate molecular targets in neoplasms (diagnostic tool), so that the optimal ligands and radionuclides (therapeutic tool) with favorable labeling chemistry can be selected for personalized management of a specific disease, taking into consideration the specific patient, and subsequently monitor treatment response. Over the past two decades, the use of gallium-68 labeled peptides for somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT (or PET/MRI) imaging followed by lutetium-177 and yttrium-90 labeled SSTR-agonist for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms, and paved the way to other indications of theranostics. Rapid advances are being made in the development of other peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals, small molecular-weight ligands and with newer radioisotopes with more favorable kinetics, potentially useful for theranostics strategies for the clinical application. The present review features the Bad Berka experience with first-in-human studies of new radiopharmaceuticals, for example, prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, neurotensin receptor 1 ligand, novel SSTR-targeting peptides and nonpeptide, and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Also new radioisotopes, for example, actinium (225Ac), copper (64Cu), scandium (44Sc), and terbium (152Tb/161Tb) will be discussed briefly demonstrating the development from basic science to precision oncology in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Aviral Singh
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Harshad R Kulkarni
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Christiane Schuchardt
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Hans-J Wester
- Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; (
- )Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Mäcke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany.
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Kaloudi A, Lymperis E, Kanellopoulos P, Waser B, de Jong M, Krenning EP, Reubi JC, Nock BA, Maina T. Localization of 99mTc-GRP Analogs in GRPR-Expressing Tumors: Effects of Peptide Length and Neprilysin Inhibition on Biological Responses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010042. [PMID: 30897789 PMCID: PMC6469168 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) in frequently occurring human tumors has provided the opportunity to use bombesin (BBN) analogs as radionuclide carriers to cancer sites for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We have been alternatively exploring human GRP motifs of higher GRPR selectivity compared to frog BBN sequences aiming to improve pharmacokinetic profiles. In the present study, we compared two differently truncated human endogenous GRP motifs: GRP(14–27) and GRP(18–27). An acyclic tetraamine was coupled at the N-terminus to allow for stable binding of the SPECT radionuclide 99mTc. Their biological profiles were compared in PC-3 cells and in mice without or with coinjection of phosphoramidon (PA) to induce transient neprilysin (NEP) inhibition in vivo. The two 99mTc-N4-GRP(14/18–27) radioligands displayed similar biological behavior in mice. Coinjection of PA exerted a profound effect on in vivo stability and translated into notably improved radiolabel localization in PC-3 experimental tumors. Hence, this study has shown that promising 99mTc-radiotracers for SPECT imaging may indeed derive from human GRP sequences. Radiotracer bioavailability was found to be of major significance. It could be improved during in situ NEP inhibition resulting in drastically enhanced uptake in GRPR-expressing lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kaloudi
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Lymperis
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Beatrice Waser
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eric P Krenning
- Cytrotron Rotterdam BV, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Berthold A Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
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Maina T, Nock BA, Kulkarni H, Singh A, Baum RP. Theranostic Prospects of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor–Radioantagonists in Oncology. PET Clin 2017; 12:297-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Maina T, Nock BA. From Bench to Bed: New Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Directed Radioligands and Their Use in Prostate Cancer. PET Clin 2017; 12:205-217. [PMID: 28267454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed in prostate and breast cancer, and are therefore attractive molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy with radiolabeled GRPR-directed peptide probes. The amphibian tetradecapeptide bombesin or the mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin C have been modified with a variety of chelators. As a result, labeling with radiometals attractive for SPECT or PET imaging and for radionuclide therapy has led to the development of peptide radioligands suitable for in vivo targeting of prostate cancer. A shift of paradigm from internalizing GRPR-agonists to antagonists has occurred owing to the higher biosafety and superior pharmacokinetics of radioantagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece.
| | - Berthold A Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece
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7
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Nock BA, Kaloudi A, Lymperis E, Giarika A, Kulkarni HR, Klette I, Singh A, Krenning EP, de Jong M, Maina T, Baum RP. Theranostic Perspectives in Prostate Cancer with the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist NeoBOMB1: Preclinical and First Clinical Results. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:75-80. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.178889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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8
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Sun Y, Ma X, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Loft M, Ding B, Liu C, Xu L, Yang M, Jiang Y, Liu J, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Hong X. Preclinical Study on GRPR-Targeted (68)Ga-Probes for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1857-64. [PMID: 27399868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly promising approach for imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in small animal models and patients. Developing a GRPR-targeted PET probe with excellent in vivo performance such as high tumor uptake, high contrast, and optimal pharmacokinetics is still very challenging. Herein, a novel bombesin (BBN) analogue (named SCH1) based on JMV594 peptide modified with an 8-amino octanoic acid spacer (AOC) was thus designed and conjugated with the metal chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA). The resulting NODAGA-SCH1 was then radiolabeled with (68)Ga and evaluated for PET imaging of PCa. Compared with (68)Ga-NODAGA-JMV594 probe, (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 exhibited excellent PET/CT imaging properties on PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice, such as high tumor uptake (5.80 ± 0.42 vs 3.78 ± 0.28%ID/g, 2 h) and high tumor/muscle contrast (16.6 ± 1.50 vs 8.42 ± 0.61%ID/g, 2 h). Importantly, biodistribution data indicated a relatively similar accumulation of (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 was observed in the liver (4.21 ± 0.42%ID/g) and kidney (3.41 ± 0.46%ID/g) suggesting that the clearance is through both the kidney and the liver. Overall, (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 showed promising in vivo properties and is a promising candidate for translation into clinical PET-imaging of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Mathias Loft
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Bingbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Liying Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Meng Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science , Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
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Adrover M, Sanchis P, Vilanova B, Pauwels K, Martorell G, Pérez JJ. Conformational ensembles of neuromedin C reveal a progressive coil-helix transition within a binding-induced folding mechanism. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR has been used to elucidate the folding pathway of neuromedin C and to characterize the architecture of the NMC–SDS micelle complex. Its C-terminal region is more prone to acquire an α-helical fold than the N-terminus, and it also binds to micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchis
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS)
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Kris Pauwels
- Structural Biology Brussels
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Structural Biology Research Centre
| | - Gabriel Martorell
- Serveis Científico-Tècnics
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC)
- ETSEIB
- Barcelona
- Spain
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Marsouvanidis PJ, Maina T, Sallegger W, Krenning EP, de Jong M, Nock BA. Tumor Diagnosis with New 111In-Radioligands Based on Truncated Human Gastrin Releasing Peptide Sequences: Synthesis and Preclinical Comparison. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8579-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon J. Marsouvanidis
- Molecular
Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular
Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular
Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR-153 10 Athens, Greece
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11
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Marsouvanidis PJ, Maina T, Sallegger W, Krenning EP, de Jong M, Nock BA. 99mTc Radiotracers Based on Human GRP(18-27): Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1797-803. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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