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Tosh D, Pavan M, Cronin C, Pottie E, Wan TC, Chen E, Lewicki SA, Campbell RG, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Stove CP, Liang BT, Jacobson KA. 2-Substituted (N)-Methanocarba A 3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Characterization. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2154-2173. [PMID: 39022354 PMCID: PMC11249627 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
2-Arylethynyl (N)-methanocarba adenosine 5'-methylamides are selective A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists containing a preestablished receptor-preferred pseudoribose conformation. Here, we compare analogues having bulky 2-substitution, either containing or lacking an ethynyl spacer between adenine and a cyclic group. 2-Aryl compounds 9-11, 13, 14, 19, 22, 23, 27, 29, 31, and 34, lacking a spacer, had human (h) A3AR K i values of 2-30 nM, and others displayed lower affinity. Mouse (m) A3AR affinity varied, with 2-arylethynyl having a higher affinity than 2-aryl analogues (7, 8 > 3c, 3d > 3b). However, 2-aryl-4'-truncated derivatives had greatly reduced hA3AR affinity, even containing affinity-enhancing N 6-dopamine-derived substituents. Molecular modeling, including molecular dynamics simulation, predicted stable poses in the canonical A3AR agonist binding site, but 2-aryl (ECL2 interactions) and 2-arylethynyl (TM2 interactions) substituents have different conformations and environments. In a hA3AR miniGαi recruitment assay, 31 (MRS8062) was (slightly) more potent compared to a β-arrestin2 recruitment assay, both in engineered HEK293T cells, and its maximal efficacy (E max) was much higher (165%) than reference agonist NECA's. Thus, in the 2-aryl series, A3AR affinity and selectivity were variable and generally reduced compared to the 2-arylethynyl series, with a greater dependence on the specific aryl group present. Selected compounds were studied in vivo in an ischemic model of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Rigidified 2-arylethynyl analogues 3a-3c were protective in this model of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury/claudication, as previously shown only for moderately A3AR-selective ribosides or (N)-methanocarba derivatives. Thus, we have expanded the A3AR agonist SAR for (N)-methanocarba adenosines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
K. Tosh
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chunxia Cronin
- Pat
and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University
of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Eric Chen
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sarah A. Lewicki
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ryan G. Campbell
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Christophe P. Stove
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce T. Liang
- Pat
and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University
of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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2
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Fisher CL, Pavan M, Salmaso V, Keyes RF, Wan TC, Pradhan B, Gao ZG, Smith BC, Jacobson KA, Auchampach JA. Extrahelical Binding Site for a 1 H-Imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine A 3 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator on Helix 8 and Distal Portions of Transmembrane Domains 1 and 7. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:213-223. [PMID: 38182432 PMCID: PMC10877738 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study describes the localization and computational prediction of a binding site for the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) positive allosteric modulator 2-cyclohexyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)amine (LUF6000). The work reveals an extrahelical lipid-facing binding pocket disparate from the orthosteric binding site that encompasses transmembrane domain (TMD) 1, TMD7, and Helix (H) 8, which was predicted by molecular modeling and validated by mutagenesis. According to the model, the nearly planar 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolinamine ring system lies parallel to the transmembrane segments, inserted into an aromatic cage formed by π-π stacking interactions with the side chains of Y2847.55 in TMD7 and Y2938.54 in H8 and by π-NH bonding between Y2847.55 and the exocyclic amine. The 2-cyclohexyl group is positioned "upward" within a small hydrophobic subpocket created by residues in TMDs 1 and 7, while the 3,4-dichlorophenyl group extends toward the lipid interface. An H-bond between the N-1 amine of the heterocycle and the carbonyl of G291.49 further stabilizes the interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted two metastable intermediates, one resembling a pose determined by molecular docking and a second involving transient interactions with Y2938.54; in simulations, each of these intermediates converges into the final bound state. Structure-activity-relationships for replacement of either of the identified exocyclic or endocyclic amines with heteroatoms lacking H-bond donating ability were consistent with the hypothetical pose. Thus, we characterized an allosteric pocket for 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines that is consistent with data generated by orthogonal methods, which will aid in the rational design of improved A3AR positive allosteric modulators. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Orthosteric A3AR agonists have advanced in clinical trials for inflammatory conditions, liver diseases, and cancer. Thus, the clinical appeal of selective receptor activation could extend to allosteric enhancers, which would induce site- and time-specific activation in the affected tissue. By identifying the allosteric site for known positive allosteric modulators, structure-based drug discovery modalities can be enabled to enhance the pharmacological properties of the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine class of A3AR positive allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Fisher
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Robert F Keyes
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Tina C Wan
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Balaram Pradhan
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Brian C Smith
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
| | - John A Auchampach
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center (C.L.F., T.C.W., J.A.A.) and Biochemistry and the Program in Chemical Biology (R.F.K., B.C.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.P., V.S., B.P., Z.-G.G., K.A.J.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (V.S.)
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Cherchi F, Venturini M, Magni G, Scortichini M, Jacobson KA, Pugliese AM, Coppi E. Covalently Binding Adenosine A 3 Receptor Agonist ICBM Irreversibly Reduces Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Currents in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:35-45. [PMID: 36918461 PMCID: PMC10828244 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest has been focused in recent years on the analgesic effects exerted by adenosine and its receptors, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, in different in vivo models of chronic pain. In particular, it was demonstrated that selective A3AR agonists reduced pro-nociceptive N-type Ca2+ channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from rats and, by this mechanism, inhibit post inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a previously reported irreversibly binding A3AR agonist, ICBM, on Ca2+ currents (ICa) in rat DRG neurons. Present data demonstrate that ICBM, an isothiocyanate derivative designed for covalent binding to the receptor, concentration-dependently inhibits ICa. This effect is irreversible, since it persists after drug removal, differently from the prototypical A3AR agonist, Cl-IB-MECA. ICBM pre-exposure inhibits the effect of a subsequent Cl-IB-MECA application. Thus, covalent A3AR agonists such as ICBM may represent an innovative, beneficial, and longer-lasting strategy to achieve efficacious chronic pain control versus commonly used, reversible, A3AR agonists. However, the possible limitations of this drug and other covalent drugs may be, for example, a characteristic adverse effect profile, suggesting that more pre-clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy.
| | - Martina Venturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy
| | - Giada Magni
- Istituto Di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy
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Jacobson KA, Pradhan B, Wen Z, Pramanik A. New paradigms in purinergic receptor ligand discovery. Neuropharmacology 2023; 230:109503. [PMID: 36921890 PMCID: PMC10233512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and clinical implementation of modulators of adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors (comprising nineteen subtypes) have progressed dramatically in ∼50 years since Burnstock's definition of purinergic signaling. Although most clinical trials of selective ligands (agonists and antagonists) of certain purinergic receptors failed, there is a renewed impetus to redirect efforts to new disease conditions and the discovery of more selective or targeted compounds with potentially reduced side effects, such as biased GPCR agonists. The elucidation of new receptor and enzyme structures is steering rational design of potent and selective agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators and inhibitors. A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists are being applied to neurodegenerative conditions and cancer immunotherapy. A3AR agonists have potential for treating chronic inflammation (e.g. psoriasis), stroke and pain, as well as cancer. P2YR modulators are being considered for treating inflammation, metabolic disorders, acute kidney injury, cancer, pain and other conditions, often with an immune mechanism. ADP-activated P2Y12R antagonists are widely used as antithrombotic drugs, while their repurposing toward neuroinflammation is considered. P2X3 antagonists have been in clinical trials for chronic cough. P2X7 antagonists have been in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases and depression (compounds that penetrate the blood-brain barrier). Thus, purinergic signaling is now recognized as an immense regulatory system in the body for rebalancing tissues and organs under stress, which can be adjusted by drug intervention for therapeutic purposes. The lack of success of many previous clinical trials can be overcome given more advanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches, including structure-based drug design, prodrugs and biased signaling. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Balaram Pradhan
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Zhiwei Wen
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Asmita Pramanik
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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5
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Fisher C, Fallot LB, Wan TC, Keyes RF, Suresh RR, Rothwell AC, Gao ZG, McCorvy JD, Smith BC, Jacobson KA, Auchampach JA. Characterization of Dual-Acting A 3 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators That Preferentially Enhance Adenosine-Induced Gα i3 and Gα oA Isoprotein Activation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:625-641. [PMID: 35983277 PMCID: PMC9380209 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, cancer, and chronic neuropathic pain, with agonists already in advanced clinical trials. Here we report an in-depth comparison of the pharmacological properties and structure-activity relationships of existing and expanded compound libraries of 2-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine and 4-amino-substituted quinoline derivatives that function as A3AR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). We also show that our lead compound from each series enhances adenosine-induced A3AR signaling preferentially toward activation of Gαi3 and GαoA isoproteins, which are coexpressed with the A3AR in immune cells and spinal cord neurons. Finally, utilizing an extracellular/intracellular chimeric A3AR approach composed of sequences from a responding (human) and a nonresponding (mouse) species, we provide evidence in support of the idea that the imidazoquinolin-4-amine class of PAMs variably interacts dually with the orthosteric ligand binding site as well as with a separate allosteric site located within the inner/intracellular regions of the receptor. This study has advanced both structural and pharmacological understanding of these two classes of A3AR PAMs, which includes leads for future pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney
L. Fisher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Lucas B. Fallot
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Life Science, United
States Military Academy, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United
States
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Robert F. Keyes
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - R. Rama Suresh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amy C. Rothwell
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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Tosh DK, Salmaso V, Campbell RG, Rao H, Bitant A, Pottie E, Stove CP, Liu N, Gavrilova O, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. A 3 adenosine receptor agonists containing dopamine moieties for enhanced interspecies affinity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113983. [PMID: 34844790 PMCID: PMC8865922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following our study of 4'-truncated (N)-methanocarba-adenosine derivatives that displayed unusually high mouse (m) A3AR affinity, we incorporated dopamine-related N6 substituents in the full agonist 5'-methylamide series. N6-(2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl) derivative MRS7618 11 displayed Ki (nM) 0.563 at hA3AR (∼20,000-fold selective) and 1.54 at mA3AR. 2-Alkyl ethers maintained A3 affinity, but with less selectivity than 2-alkynes. Parallel functional assays of G protein-dependent and β-arrestin 2 (βarr2)-dependent pathways indicate these are full agonists but not biased. Through use of computational modeling, we hypothesized that phenyl OH/OMe groups interact with polar residues, particularly Gln261, on the mA3AR extracellular loops as the basis for the affinity enhancement. Although the pharmacokinetics indicated facile clearance of parent O-methyl catechol nucleosides 21 and 31, prolonged mA3AR activation in vivo was observed in a hypothermia model, suggested potential formation of active metabolites through demethylation. Selected analogues induced mouse hypothermia following i.p. injection, indicative of peripheral A3AR agonism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ryan G. Campbell
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Harsha Rao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P. Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Corresponding author. Address correspondence to: Dr. Kenneth A. Jacobson, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810 USA; Molecular Recognition Section, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bethesda, MD, USA. Phone: 301-496-9024. Fax: 301-496-8422. (K.A. Jacobson)
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7
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Uncovering the Mechanisms of Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Pain Control: Focus on the A 3 Receptor Subtype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157952. [PMID: 34360719 PMCID: PMC8347395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists of the Gi protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) have shown important pain-relieving properties in preclinical settings of several pain models. Active as a monotherapy against chronic pain, A3AR agonists can also be used in combination with classic opioid analgesics. Their safe pharmacological profile, as shown by clinical trials for other pathologies, i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and fatty liver diseases, confers a realistic translational potential, thus encouraging research studies on the molecular mechanisms underpinning their antinociceptive actions. A number of pathways, involving central and peripheral mechanisms, have been proposed. Recent evidence showed that the prototypical A3AR agonist Cl-IB-MECA and the new, highly selective, A3AR agonist MRS5980 inhibit neuronal (N-type) voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents in dorsal root ganglia, a known pain-related mechanism. Other proposed pathways involve reduced cytokine production, immune cell-mediated responses, as well as reduced microglia and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. The aim of this review is to summarize up-to-date information on A3AR in the context of pain, including cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Based on their safety profile shown in clinical trials for other pathologies, A3AR agonists are proposed as novel, promising non-narcotic agents for pain control.
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8
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Abstract
Extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides have widespread functions in responding to physiological stress. The "purinome" encompasses 4 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for adenosine, 8 GPCRs activated by nucleotides, 7 adenosine 5'-triphosphate-gated P2X ion channels, as well as the associated enzymes and transporters that regulate native agonist levels. Purinergic signaling modulators, such as receptor agonists and antagonists, have potential for treating chronic pain. Adenosine and its analogues potently suppress nociception in preclinical models by activating A1 and/or A3 adenosine receptors (ARs), but safely harnessing this pathway to clinically treat pain has not been achieved. Both A2AAR agonists and antagonists are efficacious in pain models. Highly selective A3AR agonists offer a novel approach to treat chronic pain. We have explored the structure activity relationship of nucleoside derivatives at this subtype using a computational structure-based approach. Novel A3AR agonists for pain control containing a bicyclic ring system (bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane) in place of ribose were designed and screened using an in vivo phenotypic model, which reflected both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. High specificity (>10,000-fold selective for A3AR) was achieved with the aid of receptor homology models based on related GPCR structures. These A3AR agonists are well tolerated in vivo and highly efficacious in models of chronic neuropathic pain. Furthermore, signaling molecules acting at P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12Rs play critical roles in maladaptive pain neuroplasticity, and their antagonists reduce chronic or inflammatory pain, and, therefore, purine receptor modulation is a promising approach for future pain therapeutics. Structurally novel antagonists for these nucleotide receptors were discovered recently.
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9
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Matricon P, Suresh RR, Gao ZG, Panel N, Jacobson KA, Carlsson J. Ligand design by targeting a binding site water. Chem Sci 2020; 12:960-968. [PMID: 34163862 PMCID: PMC8179138 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04938g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solvent reorganization is a major driving force of protein–ligand association, but the contribution of binding site waters to ligand affinity is poorly understood. We investigated how altered interactions with a water network can influence ligand binding to a receptor. A series of ligands of the A2A adenosine receptor, which either interacted with or displaced an ordered binding site water, were studied experimentally and by molecular dynamics simulations. An analog of the endogenous ligand that was unable to hydrogen bond to the ordered water lost affinity and this activity cliff was captured by molecular dynamics simulations. Two compounds designed to displace the ordered water from the binding site were then synthesized and evaluated experimentally, leading to the discovery of an A2A agonist with nanomolar activity. Calculation of the thermodynamic profiles resulting from introducing substituents that interacted with or displaced the ordered water showed that the gain of binding affinity was enthalpy driven. Detailed analysis of the energetics and binding site hydration networks revealed that the enthalpy change was governed by contributions that are commonly neglected in structure-based drug optimization. In particular, simulations suggested that displacement of water from a binding site to the bulk solvent can lead to large energy contributions. Our findings provide insights into the molecular driving forces of protein–ligand binding and strategies for rational drug design. Solvent reorganization is a major driving force of protein–ligand association, but the contribution of binding site waters to ligand affinity is poorly understood.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Matricon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Nicolas Panel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75124 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University SE-75124 Uppsala Sweden
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10
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Salmaso V, Jacobson KA. Purinergic Signaling: Impact of GPCR Structures on Rational Drug Design. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1958-1973. [PMID: 32803849 PMCID: PMC8276773 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system includes membrane-bound receptors for extracellular purines and pyrimidines, and enzymes/transporters that regulate receptor activation by endogenous agonists. Receptors include: adenosine (A1 , A2A , A2B, and A3 ) and P2Y (P2Y1 , P2Y2 , P2Y4 , P2Y6 , P2Y11 , P2Y12 , P2Y13 , and P2Y14 ) receptors (all GPCRs), as well as P2X receptors (ion channels). Receptor activation, especially accompanying physiological stress or damage, creates a temporal sequence of signaling to counteract this stress and either mobilize (P2Rs) or suppress (ARs) immune responses. Thus, modulation of this large signaling family has broad potential for treating chronic diseases. Experimentally determined structures represent each of the three receptor families. We focus on selective purinergic agonists (A1 , A3 ), antagonists (A3 , P2Y14 ), and allosteric modulators (P2Y1 , A3 ). Examples of applying structure-based design, including the rational modification of known ligands, are presented for antithrombotic P2Y1 R antagonists and anti-inflammatory P2Y14 R antagonists and A3 AR agonists. A3 AR agonists are a potential, nonaddictive treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Tosh DK, Salmaso V, Rao H, Bitant A, Fisher CL, Lieberman DI, Vorbrüggen H, Reitman ML, Gavrilova O, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Truncated (N)-Methanocarba Nucleosides as Partial Agonists at Mouse and Human A 3 Adenosine Receptors: Affinity Enhancement by N6-(2-Phenylethyl) Substitution. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4334-4348. [PMID: 32271569 PMCID: PMC7443318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine-derived N6-substituents, compared to N6-(2-phenylethyl), in truncated (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) adenosines favored high A3 adenosine receptor (AR) affinity/selectivity, e.g., C2-phenylethynyl analogue 15 (MRS7591, Ki = 10.9/17.8 nM, at human/mouse A3AR). 15 was a partial agonist in vitro (hA3AR, cAMP inhibition, 31% Emax; mA3AR, [35S]GTP-γ-S binding, 16% Emax) and in vivo and also antagonized hA3AR in vitro. Distal H-bonding substitutions of the N6-(2-phenylethyl) moiety particularly enhanced mA3AR affinity by polar interactions with the extracellular loops, predicted using docking and molecular dynamics simulation with newly constructed mA3AR and hA3AR homology models. These hybrid models were based on an inactive antagonist-bound hA1AR structure for the upper part of TM2 and an agonist-bound hA2AAR structure for the remaining TM portions. These species-independent A3AR-selective nucleosides are low efficacy partial agonists and novel, nuanced modulators of the A3AR, a drug target of growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | - Courtney L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | | | - Helmut Vorbrüggen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | | | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
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12
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Opposing Effects of Adenosine and Inosine in Human Subcutaneous Fibroblasts May Be Regulated by Third Party ADA Cell Providers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030651. [PMID: 32156055 PMCID: PMC7140481 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human subcutaneous fibroblasts (HSCF) challenged with inflammatory mediators release huge amounts of ATP, which rapidly generates adenosine. Given the nucleoside’s putative relevance in wound healing, dermal fibrosis, and myofascial pain, we investigated the role of its precursor, AMP, and of its metabolite, inosine, in HSCF cells growth and collagen production. AMP (30 µM) was rapidly (t½ 3 ± 1 min) dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73/ecto-5′-nucleotidase. Adenosine accumulation (t½ 158 ± 17 min) in the extracellular fluid reflected very low cellular adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. HSCF stained positively against A2A and A3 receptors but were A1 and A2B negative. AMP and the A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680C, increased collagen production without affecting cells growth. The A2A receptor antagonist, SCH442416, prevented the effects of AMP and CGS21680C. Inosine and the A3 receptor agonist, 2Cl-IB-MECA, decreased HSCF growth and collagen production in a MRS1191-sensitive manner, implicating the A3 receptor in the anti-proliferative action of inosine. Incubation with ADA reproduced the inosine effect. In conclusion, adenosine originated from extracellular ATP hydrolysis favors normal collagen production by HSCF via A2A receptors. Inhibition of unpredicted inosine formation by third party ADA cell providers (e.g., inflammatory cells) may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent inappropriate dermal remodeling via A3 receptors activation.
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13
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Mailavaram RP, Al-Attraqchi OH, Kar S, Ghosh S. Current Status in the Design and Development of Agonists and Antagonists of Adenosine A3 Receptor as Potential Therapeutic Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2772-2787. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) that are responsible
for the modulation of a wide variety of physiological functions. The ARs are also implicated in many
diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular and renal diseases. The adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) has
emerged as a potential drug target for the progress of new and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of
various pathological conditions. This receptor’s involvement in many diseases and its validity as a target has been
established by many studies. Both agonists and antagonists of A3AR have been extensively investigated in the last
decade with the goal of developing novel drugs for treating diseases related to immune disorders, inflammation,
cancer, and others. In this review, we shall focus on the medicinal chemistry of A3AR ligands, exploring the
diverse chemical classes that have been projected as future leading drug candidates. Also, the recent advances in
the therapeuetic applications of A3AR ligands are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu P. Mailavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur (Affiliated to Andhra University), Bhimavaram, W.G. Dist., AP, India
| | - Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University- 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States
| | - Shinjita Ghosh
- School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States
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14
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Coppi E, Cherchi F, Fusco I, Failli P, Vona A, Dettori I, Gaviano L, Lucarini E, Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Salvemini D, Ghelardini C, Pedata F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pugliese AM. Adenosine A3 receptor activation inhibits pronociceptive N-type Ca2+ currents and cell excitability in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Pain 2019; 160:1103-1118. [PMID: 31008816 PMCID: PMC6669900 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies have focused on the antihyperalgesic activity of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) in several chronic pain models, but the cellular and molecular basis of this effect is still unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and functional effects of A3AR on the excitability of small- to medium-sized, capsaicin-sensitive, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from 3- to 4-week-old rats. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments and immunofluorescence analysis revealed A3AR expression in DRG neurons. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated that 2 distinct A3AR agonists, Cl-IB-MECA and the highly selective MRS5980, inhibited Ca-activated K (KCa) currents evoked by a voltage-ramp protocol. This effect was dependent on a reduction in Ca influx via N-type voltage-dependent Ca channels, as Cl-IB-MECA-induced inhibition was sensitive to the N-type blocker PD173212 but not to the L-type blocker, lacidipine. The endogenous agonist adenosine also reduced N-type Ca currents, and its effect was inhibited by 56% in the presence of A3AR antagonist MRS1523, demonstrating that the majority of adenosine's effect is mediated by this receptor subtype. Current-clamp recordings demonstrated that neuronal firing of rat DRG neurons was also significantly reduced by A3AR activation in a MRS1523-sensitive but PD173212-insensitive manner. Intracellular Ca measurements confirmed the inhibitory role of A3AR on DRG neuronal firing. We conclude that pain-relieving effects observed on A3AR activation could be mediated through N-type Ca channel block and action potential inhibition as independent mechanisms in isolated rat DRG neurons. These findings support A3AR-based therapy as a viable approach to alleviate pain in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Vona
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dettori
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Gaviano
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
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15
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Tosh D, Ciancetta A, Mannes P, Warnick E, Janowsky A, Eshleman AJ, Gizewski E, Brust TF, Bohn LM, Auchampach JA, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Repurposing of a Nucleoside Scaffold from Adenosine Receptor Agonists to Opioid Receptor Antagonists. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12658-12678. [PMID: 30411015 PMCID: PMC6210068 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While screening off-target effects of rigid (N)-methanocarba-adenosine 5'-methylamides as A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists, we discovered μM binding hits at the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and translocator protein (TSPO). In an effort to increase OR and decrease AR affinity by structure activity analysis of this series, antagonist activity at κ-(K)OR appeared in 5'-esters (ethyl 24 and propyl 30), which retained TSPO interaction (μM). 7-Deaza modification of C2-(arylethynyl)-5'-esters but not 4'-truncation enhanced KOR affinity (MRS7299 28 and 29, K i ≈ 40 nM), revealed μ-OR and DOR binding, and reduced AR affinity. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations located a putative KOR binding mode consistent with the observed affinities, placing C7 in a hydrophobic region. 3-Deaza modification permitted TSPO but not OR binding, and 1-deaza was permissive to both; ribose-restored analogues were inactive at both. Thus, we have repurposed a known AR nucleoside scaffold for OR antagonism, with a detailed hypothesis for KOR recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
K. Tosh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip Mannes
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- VA
Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Amy J. Eshleman
- VA
Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Tarsis F. Brust
- Departments
of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- Departments
of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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16
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Yu J, Mannes P, Jung YH, Ciancetta A, Bitant A, Lieberman DI, Khaznadar S, Auchampach JA, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Structure activity relationship of 2-arylalkynyl-adenine derivatives as human A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1920-1932. [PMID: 30568760 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of nucleosides at adenosine receptors (ARs) is supported by multiple X-ray structures, but the structure of an adenine complex is unknown. We examined the selectivity of predicted A1AR and A3AR adenine antagonists that incorporated known agonist affinity-enhancing N 6 and C2 substituents. Adenines with A1AR-favoring N 6-alkyl, cycloalkyl and arylalkyl substitutions combined with an A3AR-favoring 2-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl) group were human (h) A3AR-selective, e.g. MRS7497 17 (∼1000-fold over A1AR). In addition, binding selectivity over hA2AAR and hA2BAR and functional A3AR antagonism were demonstrated. 17 was subjected to computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation in a hA3AR homology model to predict interactions. The SAR of nucleoside AR agonists was not recapitulated in adenine AR antagonists, and modeling suggested an alternative, inverted binding mode with the key N2506.55 H-bonding to the adenine N 3 and N 9, instead of N 6 and N 7 as in adenosine agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinha Yu
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Philip Mannes
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Young-Hwan Jung
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- School of Pharmacy , Queen's University Belfast , 96 Lisburn Rd , Belfast , BT9 7BL , UK
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology , Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , USA
| | - David I Lieberman
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Sami Khaznadar
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology , Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
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17
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Breakthrough in GPCR Crystallography and Its Impact on Computer-Aided Drug Design. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1705:45-72. [PMID: 29188558 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7465-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent crystallographic structures of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have greatly advanced our understanding of the recognition of their diverse agonist and antagonist ligands. We illustrate here how this applies to A2A adenosine receptors (ARs) and to P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors (P2YRs) for ADP. These X-ray structures have impacted the medicinal chemistry aimed at discovering new ligands for these two receptor families, including receptors that have not yet been crystallized but are closely related to the known structures. In this Chapter, we discuss recent structure-based drug design projects that led to the discovery of: (a) novel A3AR agonists based on a highly rigidified (N)-methanocarba scaffold for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and other conditions, (b) fluorescent probes of the ARs and P2Y14R, as chemical tools for structural probing of these GPCRs and for improving assay capabilities, and (c) new more drug-like antagonists of the inflammation-related P2Y14R. We also describe the computationally enabled molecular recognition of positive (for A3AR) and negative (P2Y1R) allosteric modulators that in some cases are shown to be consistent with structure-activity relationship (SAR) data. Thus, computational modeling has become an essential tool for the design of purine receptor ligands.
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18
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Jacobson KA, Merighi S, Varani K, Borea PA, Baraldi S, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Ciancetta A, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Gessi S. A 3 Adenosine Receptors as Modulators of Inflammation: From Medicinal Chemistry to Therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1031-1072. [PMID: 28682469 PMCID: PMC5756520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) subtype is a novel, promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, as well as liver cancer. A3 AR is coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to modulation of transcription. Furthermore, A3 AR affects functions of almost all immune cells and the proliferation of cancer cells. Numerous A3 AR agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators have been reported, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been studied culminating in the development of potent and selective molecules with drug-like characteristics. The efficacy of nucleoside agonists may be suppressed to produce antagonists, by structural modification of the ribose moiety. Diverse classes of heterocycles have been discovered as selective A3 AR blockers, although with large species differences. Thus, as a result of intense basic research efforts, the outlook for development of A3 AR modulators for human therapeutics is encouraging. Two prototypical selective agonists, N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; CF101) and 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA; CF102), have progressed to advanced clinical trials. They were found safe and well tolerated in all preclinical and human clinical studies and showed promising results, particularly in psoriasis and RA, where the A3 AR is both a promising therapeutic target and a biologically predictive marker, suggesting a personalized medicine approach. Targeting the A3 AR may pave the way for safe and efficacious treatments for patient populations affected by inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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19
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Petrelli R, Scortichini M, Belardo C, Boccella S, Luongo L, Capone F, Kachler S, Vita P, Del Bello F, Maione S, Lavecchia A, Klotz KN, Cappellacci L. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and In Vivo Antinociceptive Effects of Selective A1 Adenosine Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2018; 61:305-318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Petrelli
- School
of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- School
of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Section
of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Department of Experimental
Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Section
of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Department of Experimental
Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Section
of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Department of Experimental
Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Capone
- Department
of Pharmacy, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut
für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Vita
- School
of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School
of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Section
of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Department of Experimental
Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department
of Pharmacy, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut
für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School
of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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20
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Du L, Gao ZG, Paoletta S, Wan TC, Gizewski ET, Barbour S, van Veldhoven JPD, IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Auchampach JA. Species differences and mechanism of action of A 3 adenosine receptor allosteric modulators. Purinergic Signal 2017; 14:59-71. [PMID: 29170977 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) allosteric modulators LUF6000 (2-cyclohexyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine) and LUF6096 (N-{2-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]quinolin-4-yl}cyclohexanecarbox-amide) was compared at four A3AR species homologs used in preclinical drug development. In guanosine 5'-[γ-[35S]thio]triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding assays with cell membranes isolated from human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing recombinant A3ARs, both modulators substantially enhanced agonist efficacy at human, dog, and rabbit A3ARs but provided only weak activity at mouse A3ARs. For human, dog, and rabbit, both modulators increased the maximal efficacy of the A3AR agonist 2-chloro-N 6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide as well as adenosine > 2-fold, while slightly reducing potency in human and dog. Based on results from N 6-(4-amino-3-[125I]iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide ([125I]I-AB-MECA) binding assays, we hypothesize that potency reduction is explained by an allosterically induced slowing in orthosteric ligand binding kinetics that reduces the rate of formation of ligand-receptor complexes. Mutation of four amino acid residues of the human A3AR to the murine sequence identified the extracellular loop 1 (EL1) region as being important in selectively controlling the allosteric actions of LUF6096 on [125I]I-AB-MECA binding kinetics. Homology modeling suggested interaction between species-variable EL1 and agonist-contacting EL2. These results indicate that A3AR allostery is species-dependent and provide mechanistic insights into this therapeutically promising class of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 200892-0810, USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 200892-0810, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Samantha Barbour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacobus P D van Veldhoven
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 200892-0810, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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21
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Duroux R, Ciancetta A, Mannes P, Yu J, Boyapati S, Gizewski E, Yous S, Ciruela F, Auchampach JA, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Bitopic fluorescent antagonists of the A 2A adenosine receptor based on pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidin-5-amine functionalized congeners. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1659-1667. [PMID: 29250307 PMCID: PMC5729930 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine antagonist of the A2A adenosine receptor (AR) was functionalized as amine congeners, fluorescent conjugates and a sulfonate, and the A2AAR binding modes were predicted computationally. The optimal n-butyl spacer was incorporated into the following A2AAR-selective (Ki, nM) conjugates: BODIPY630/650 derivative 11 (MRS7396, 24.6) and AlexaFluor488 derivative 12 (MRS7416, 30.3). Flow cytometry of 12 in hA2AAR-expressing HEK-293 cells displayed saturable binding (low nonspecific) and inhibition by known A2AAR antagonists. Water-soluble sulfonate 13 was a highly potent (Ki = 6.2 nM) and selective A2AAR antagonist based on binding and functional assays. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted the regions of interaction of the distal portions of these chain-extended ligands with the A2AAR. The BODIPY630/650 fluorophore of 11 was buried in a hydrophobic interhelical (TM1/TM7) region, while AlexaFluor488 of 12 associated with the hydrophilic extracellular loops. In conclusion, we have identified novel high affinity antagonist probes for A2AAR drug discovery and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duroux
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.,Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Philip Mannes
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Jinha Yu
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Shireesha Boyapati
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India 503322
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Said Yous
- Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapeutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
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22
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Petrelli R, Scortichini M, Kachler S, Boccella S, Cerchia C, Torquati I, Del Bello F, Salvemini D, Novellino E, Luongo L, Maione S, Jacobson KA, Lavecchia A, Klotz KN, Cappellacci L. Exploring the Role of N 6-Substituents in Potent Dual Acting 5'-C-Ethyltetrazolyladenosine Derivatives: Synthesis, Binding, Functional Assays, and Antinociceptive Effects in Mice ∇. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4327-4341. [PMID: 28447789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural determinants of affinity of N6-substituted-5'-C-(ethyltetrazol-2-yl)adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine derivatives at adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes were studied with binding and molecular modeling. Small N6-cycloalkyl and 3-halobenzyl groups furnished potent dual acting A1AR agonists and A3AR antagonists. 4 was the most potent dual acting human (h) A1AR agonist (Ki = 0.45 nM) and A3AR antagonist (Ki = 0.31 nM) and highly selective versus A2A; 11 and 26 were most potent at both h and rat (r) A3AR. All N6-substituted-5'-C-(ethyltetrazol-2-yl)adenosine derivatives proved to be antagonists at hA3AR but agonists at the rA3AR. Analgesia of 11, 22, and 26 was evaluated in the mouse formalin test (A3AR antagonist blocked and A3AR agonist strongly potentiated). N6-Methyl-5'-C-(ethyltetrazol-2-yl)adenosine (22) was most potent, inhibiting both phases, as observed combining A1AR and A3AR agonists. This study demonstrated for the first time the advantages of a single molecule activating two AR pathways both leading to benefit in this acute pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg , D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serena Boccella
- Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Torquati
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg , D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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23
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Carlin JL, Jain S, Gizewski E, Wan TC, Tosh DK, Xiao C, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Hypothermia in mouse is caused by adenosine A 1 and A 3 receptor agonists and AMP via three distinct mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2017; 114:101-113. [PMID: 27914963 PMCID: PMC5183552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Small mammals have the ability to enter torpor, a hypothermic, hypometabolic state, allowing impressive energy conservation. Administration of adenosine or adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) can trigger a hypothermic, torpor-like state. We investigated the mechanisms for hypothermia using telemetric monitoring of body temperature in wild type and receptor knock out (Adora1-/-, Adora3-/-) mice. Confirming prior data, stimulation of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) induced hypothermia via peripheral mast cell degranulation, histamine release, and activation of central histamine H1 receptors. In contrast, A1AR agonists and AMP both acted centrally to cause hypothermia. Commonly used, selective A1AR agonists, including N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), and MRS5474, caused hypothermia via both A1AR and A3AR when given intraperitoneally. Intracerebroventricular dosing, low peripheral doses of Cl-ENBA [(±)-5'-chloro-5'-deoxy-N6-endo-norbornyladenosine], or using Adora3-/- mice allowed selective stimulation of A1AR. AMP-stimulated hypothermia can occur independently of A1AR, A3AR, and mast cells. A1AR and A3AR agonists and AMP cause regulated hypothermia that was characterized by a drop in total energy expenditure, physical inactivity, and preference for cooler environmental temperatures, indicating a reduced body temperature set point. Neither A1AR nor A3AR was required for fasting-induced torpor. A1AR and A3AR agonists and AMP trigger regulated hypothermia via three distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lea Carlin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Janes K, Symons-Liguori AM, Jacobson KA, Salvemini D. Identification of A3 adenosine receptor agonists as novel non-narcotic analgesics. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1253-67. [PMID: 26804983 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain negatively impacts the quality of life in a variety of patient populations. The current therapeutic repertoire is inadequate in managing patient pain and warrants the development of new therapeutics. Adenosine and its four cognate receptors (A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 ) have important roles in physiological and pathophysiological states, including chronic pain. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that while adenosine and agonists of the A1 and A2A receptors have antinociceptive properties, their therapeutic utility is limited by adverse cardiovascular side effects. In contrast, our understanding of the A3 receptor is only in its infancy, but exciting preclinical observations of A3 receptor antinociception, which have been bolstered by clinical trials of A3 receptor agonists in other disease states, suggest pain relief without cardiovascular side effects and with sufficient tolerability. Our goal herein is to briefly discuss adenosine and its receptors in the context of pathological pain and to consider the current data regarding A3 receptor-mediated antinociception. We will highlight recent findings regarding the impact of the A3 receptor on pain pathways and examine the current state of selective A3 receptor agonists used for these studies. The adenosine-to-A3 receptor pathway represents an important endogenous system that can be targeted to provide safe, effective pain relief from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Janes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A M Symons-Liguori
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - K A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Tosh DK, Ciancetta A, Warnick E, O'Connor R, Chen Z, Gizewski E, Crane S, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. Purine (N)-Methanocarba Nucleoside Derivatives Lacking an Exocyclic Amine as Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3249-63. [PMID: 26890707 PMCID: PMC4970510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Purine
(N)-methanocarba-5′-N-alkyluronamidoriboside
A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonists lacking
an exocyclic amine resulted from an unexpected
reaction during a Sonogashira coupling and subsequent aminolysis.
Because the initial C6-Me and C6-styryl derivatives had unexpectedly
high A3AR affinity, other rigid nucleoside analogues lacking
an exocyclic amine were prepared. Of these, the C6-Me-(2-phenylethynyl)
and C2-(5-chlorothienylethynyl) analogues were particularly potent,
with human A3AR Ki values of
6 and 42 nM, respectively. Additionally, the C2-(5-chlorothienyl)-6-H
analogue was potent and selective at A3AR (MRS7220, Ki 60 nM) and also completely reversed mouse
sciatic nerve mechanoallodynia (in vivo, 3 μmol/kg, po). The
lack of a C6 H-bond donor while maintaining A3AR affinity
and efficacy could be rationalized by homology modeling and docking
of these hypermodified nucleosides. The modeling suggests that a suitable
combination of stabilizing features can partially compensate for the
lack of an exocyclic amine, an otherwise important contributor to
recognition in the A3AR binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Robert O'Connor
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Steven Crane
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Building 8A, Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
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Carlin JL, Tosh DK, Xiao C, Piñol RA, Chen Z, Salvemini D, Gavrilova O, Jacobson KA, Reitman ML. Peripheral Adenosine A3 Receptor Activation Causes Regulated Hypothermia in Mice That Is Dependent on Central Histamine H1 Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:474-82. [PMID: 26606937 PMCID: PMC4746492 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine can induce hypothermia, as previously demonstrated for adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) agonists. Here we use the potent, specific A3AR agonists MRS5698, MRS5841, and MRS5980 to show that adenosine also induces hypothermia via the A3AR. The hypothermic effect of A3AR agonists is independent of A1AR activation, as the effect was fully intact in mice lacking A1AR but abolished in mice lacking A3AR. A3AR agonist-induced hypothermia was attenuated by mast cell granule depletion, demonstrating that the A3AR hypothermia is mediated, at least in part, via mast cells. Central agonist dosing had no clear hypothermic effect, whereas peripheral dosing of a non-brain-penetrant agonist caused hypothermia, suggesting that peripheral A3AR-expressing cells drive the hypothermia. Mast cells release histamine, and blocking central histamine H1 (but not H2 or H4) receptors prevented the hypothermia. The hypothermia was preceded by hypometabolism and mice with hypothermia preferred a cooler environmental temperature, demonstrating that the hypothermic state is a coordinated physiologic response with a reduced body temperature set point. Importantly, hypothermia is not required for the analgesic effects of A3AR agonists, which occur with lower agonist doses. These results support a mechanistic model for hypothermia in which A3AR agonists act on peripheral mast cells, causing histamine release, which stimulates central histamine H1 receptors to induce hypothermia. This mechanism suggests that A3AR agonists will probably not be useful for clinical induction of hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lea Carlin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
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27
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Jacobson KA, Müller CE. Medicinal chemistry of adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:31-49. [PMID: 26686393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological tool compounds are now available to define action at the adenosine (ARs), P2Y and P2X receptors. We present a selection of the most commonly used agents to study purines in the nervous system. Some of these compounds, including A1 and A3 AR agonists, P2Y1R and P2Y12R antagonists, and P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 antagonists, are potentially of clinical use in treatment of disorders of the nervous system, such as chronic pain, neurodegeneration and brain injury. Agonists of the A2AAR and P2Y2R are already used clinically, P2Y12R antagonists are widely used antithrombotics and an antagonist of the A2AAR is approved in Japan for treating Parkinson's disease. The selectivity defined for some of the previously introduced compounds has been revised with updated pharmacological characterization, for example, various AR agonists and antagonists were deemed A1AR or A3AR selective based on human data, but species differences indicated a reduction in selectivity ratios in other species. Also, many of the P2R ligands still lack bioavailability due to charged groups or hydrolytic (either enzymatic or chemical) instability. X-ray crystallographic structures of AR and P2YRs have shifted the mode of ligand discovery to structure-based approaches rather than previous empirical approaches. The X-ray structures can be utilized either for in silico screening of chemically diverse libraries for the discovery of novel ligands or for enhancement of the properties of known ligands by chemical modification. Although X-ray structures of the zebrafish P2X4R have been reported, there is scant structural information about ligand recognition in these trimeric ion channels. In summary, there are definitive, selective agonists and antagonists for all of the ARs and some of the P2YRs; while the pharmacochemistry of P2XRs is still in nascent stages. The therapeutic potential of selectively modulating these receptors is continuing to gain interest in such fields as cancer, inflammation, pain, diabetes, ischemic protection and many other conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Key Words
- 2-MeSADP, (PubChem CID: 121990)
- A-740003, (PubChem CID: 23232014)
- ATP
- Agonists
- Antagonists
- DPCPX, (PubChem CID: 1329)
- GPCR
- IB-MECA, (PubChem CID: 123683)
- Ion channel
- LUF6000, (PubChem CID: 11711282)
- MRS2500, (PubChem CID: 44448831)
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- PPTN, (PubChem CID: 42611190)
- PSB-1114, (PubChem CID: 52952605)
- PSB-603, (PubChem CID: 44185871)
- SCH442416, (PubChem CID: 10668061)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Abstract
There is a brief introductory summary of purinergic signaling involving ATP storage, release, and ectoenzymatic breakdown, and the current classification of receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines. The review then describes purinergic mechanosensory transduction involved in visceral, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal nociception and on the roles played by receptor subtypes in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Multiple purinoceptor subtypes are involved in pain pathways both as an initiator and modulator. Activation of homomeric P2X3 receptors contributes to acute nociception and activation of heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors appears to modulate longer-lasting nociceptive sensitivity associated with nerve injury or chronic inflammation. In neuropathic pain activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors on microglia may serve to maintain nociceptive sensitivity through complex neural-glial cell interactions and antagonists to these receptors reduce neuropathic pain. Potential therapeutic approaches involving purinergic mechanisms will be discussed.
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29
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Tosh DK, Paoletta S, Chen Z, Crane S, Lloyd J, Gao ZG, Gizewski ET, Auchampach JA, Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis by Click Chemistry and in Vivo Activity of Highly Selective A 3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 6:555-563. [PMID: 26236460 PMCID: PMC4517612 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00571f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
2-Arylethynyl derivatives of (N)-methanocarba adenosine 5'-uronamides are selective A3AR (adenosine receptor) agonists. Here we substitute a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl linker in place of the rigid, linear ethynyl group to eliminate its potential metabolic liability. Docking of nucleosides containing possible short linker moieties at the adenine C2 position using a hybrid molecular model of the A3AR (based on the A2AAR agonist-bound structure) correctly predicted that a triazole would maintain the A3AR selectivity, due to its ability to fit a narrow cleft in the receptor. The analogues with various N6 and C2-aryltriazolyl substitution were synthesized and characterized in binding (Ki at hA3AR 0.3 - 12 nM) and in vivo to demonstrate efficacy in controlling chronic neuropathic pain (chronic constriction injury). Among N6-methyl derivatives, a terminal pyrimidin-2-yl group in 9 (MRS7116) increased duration of action (36% pain protection at 3 h) in vivo. N6-Ethyl 5-chlorothien-2-yl analogue 15 (MRS7126) preserved in vivo efficacy (85% protection at 1 h) with short duration. Larger N6 groups, e.g. 17 (MRS7138, >90% protection at 1 and 3 h), greatly enhanced in vivo activity. Thus, we have combined structure-based methods and phenotypic screening to identify nucleoside derivatives having translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104 USA
| | - Steven Crane
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - John Lloyd
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Elizabeth T Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104 USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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30
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Tosh DK, Crane S, Chen Z, Paoletta S, Gao ZG, Gizewski E, Auchampach JA, Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. Rigidified A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists: 1-Deazaadenine Modification Maintains High in Vivo Efficacy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:804-8. [PMID: 26191370 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substitution of rigidified A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists with a 2-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl) or a 2-(4-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) group provides prolonged protection in a model of chronic neuropathic pain. These agonists contain a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ((N)-methanocarba) ring system in place of ribose, which adopts a receptor-preferred conformation. N (6)-Small alkyl derivatives were newly optimized for A3AR affinity and the effects of a 1-deaza-adenine modification probed. 1-Deaza-N (6)-ethyl alkyne 20 (MRS7144, K i 1.7 nM) and 1-aza N (6)-propyl alkyne 12 (MRS7154, K i 1.1 nM) were highly efficacious in vivo. Thus, the presence of N1 is not required for nanomolar binding affinity or potent, long-lasting functional activity. Docking of 1-deaza compounds to a receptor homology model confirmed a similar binding mode as previously reported 1-aza derivatives. This is the first demonstration in nonribose adenosine analogues that the 1-deaza modification can maintain high A3AR affinity, selectivity, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Steven Crane
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department
of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department
of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
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31
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Borea PA, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Merighi S, Gessi S. The A3 adenosine receptor: history and perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:74-102. [PMID: 25387804 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy demand. Adenosine mediation involves activation of a family of four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs): A(1), A(2)A, A(2)B, and A(3). The A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) is the only adenosine subtype to be overexpressed in inflammatory and cancer cells, thus making it a potential target for therapy. Originally isolated as an orphan receptor, A(3)AR presented a twofold nature under different pathophysiologic conditions: it appeared to be protective/harmful under ischemic conditions, pro/anti-inflammatory, and pro/antitumoral depending on the systems investigated. Until recently, the greatest and most intriguing challenge has been to understand whether, and in which cases, selective A(3) agonists or antagonists would be the best choice. Today, the choice has been made and A(3)AR agonists are now under clinical development for some disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, glaucoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. More specifically, the interest and relevance of these new agents derives from clinical data demonstrating that A(3)AR agonists are both effective and safe. Thus, it will become apparent in the present review that purine scientists do seem to be getting closer to their goal: the incorporation of adenosine ligands into drugs with the ability to save lives and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
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32
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Cavasotto CN, Palomba D. Expanding the horizons of G protein-coupled receptor structure-based ligand discovery and optimization using homology models. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13576-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We show the key role of structural homology models in GPCR structure-based lead discovery and optimization, highlighting methodological aspects, recent progress and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio N. Cavasotto
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Damián Palomba
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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33
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Tosh DK, Finley A, Paoletta S, Moss S, Gao ZG, Gizewski ET, Auchampach JA, Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. In vivo phenotypic screening for treating chronic neuropathic pain: modification of C2-arylethynyl group of conformationally constrained A3 adenosine receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9901-14. [PMID: 25422861 PMCID: PMC4266358 DOI: 10.1021/jm501021n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
(N)-Methanocarba adenosine 5'-methyluronamides containing 2-arylethynyl groups were synthesized as A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists and screened in vivo (po) for reduction of neuropathic pain. A small N(6)-methyl group maintained binding affinity, with human > mouse A3AR and MW < 500 and other favorable physicochemical properties. Emax (maximal efficacy in a mouse chronic constriction injury pain model) of previously characterized A3AR agonist, 2-(3,4-difluorophenylethynyl)-N(6)-(3-chlorobenzyl) derivative 6a, MRS5698, was surpassed. More efficacious analogues (in vivo) contained the following C2-arylethynyl groups: pyrazin-2-yl 23 (binding Ki, hA3AR, nM 1.8), fur-2-yl 27 (0.6), thien-2-yl 32 (0.6) and its 5-chloro 33, MRS5980 (0.7) and 5-bromo 34 (0.4) equivalents, and physiologically unstable ferrocene 36, MRS5979 (2.7). 33 and 36 displayed particularly long in vivo duration (>3 h). Selected analogues were docked to an A3AR homology model to explore the environment of receptor-bound C2 and N(6) groups. Various analogues bound with μM affinity at off-target biogenic amine (M2, 5HT2A, β3, 5HT2B, 5HT2C, and α2C) or other receptors. Thus, we have expanded the structural range of orally active A3AR agonists for chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Building 8A,
Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Amanda Finley
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Building 8A,
Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Steven
M. Moss
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Building 8A,
Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Building 8A,
Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College
of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown
Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College
of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown
Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Building 8A,
Room B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
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34
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Jacobson KA, Gao ZG, Paoletta S, Kiselev E, Chakraborty S, Jayasekara PS, Balasubramanian R, Tosh DK. John Daly Lecture: Structure-guided Drug Design for Adenosine and P2Y Receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:286-98. [PMID: 25973142 PMCID: PMC4423517 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We establish structure activity relationships of extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), e.g. adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2Y receptors (P2YRs), respectively. We synthesize selective agents for use as pharmacological probes and potential therapeutic agents (e.g. A3AR agonists for neuropathic pain). Detailed structural information derived from the X-ray crystallographic structures within these families enables the design of novel ligands, guides modification of known agonists and antagonists, and helps predict polypharmacology. Structures were recently reported for the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), an anti-thrombotic target. Comparison of agonist-bound and antagonist-bound P2Y12R indicates unprecedented structural plasticity in the outer portions of the transmembrane (TM) domains and the extracellular loops. Nonphosphate-containing ligands of the P2YRs, such as the selective P2Y14R antagonist PPTN, are desired for bioavailability and increased stability. Also, A2AAR structures are effectively applied to homology modeling of closely related A1AR and A3AR, which are not yet crystallized. Conformational constraint of normally flexible ribose with bicyclic analogues increased the ligand selectivity. Comparison of rigid A3AR agonist congeners allows the exploration of interaction of specific regions of the nucleoside analogues with the target and off-target GPCRs, such as biogenic amine receptors. Molecular modeling predicts plasticity of the A3AR at TM2 to accommodate highly rigidified ligands. Novel fluorescent derivatives of high affinity GPCR ligands are useful tool compounds for characterization of receptors and their oligomeric assemblies. Fluorescent probes are useful for characterization of GPCRs in living cells by flow cytometry and other methods. Thus, 3D knowledge of receptor binding and activation facilitates drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Saibal Chakraborty
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - P Suresh Jayasekara
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Mirzahosseini A, Kovács M, Kánai K, Csutora P, Dalmadi B. BODIPY(®) FL histamine as a new modality for quantitative detection of histamine receptor upregulation upon IgE sensitization in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells. Cytometry A 2014; 87:23-31. [PMID: 25212523 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is one of the most widely used methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell surface expressed proteins by making use of fluorescent specific antibodies. Lacking an antibody validated for flow cytometry, an alternative approach for labeling cell surface receptors is the use of fluorescently tagged ligands. In this study, histamine H4 receptor transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) were selected for studying the possibility of staining individual histamine receptors using BODIPY(®) FL histamine and selective antagonists. Flow cytometric measurements and supporting calculations showed that BODIPY FL histamine is suitable tool for quantitating cell surface histamine receptors. The binding, and competitive inhibition of this fluorescent ligand were characterized, which were in good agreement with a semi-empirical model constructed from fundamental protein-binding relationships. Using this method it was shown for the first time that even though mature mBMMCs express H2R and H4R to the same extent, immunoglobulin E sensitization results in H4R upregulation only, while the surface expression of H2R remains unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mirzahosseini
- Sanofi Research and Development, Tó utca 1-5, H-1045, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 9, H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
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Gao ZG, Balasubramanian R, Kiselev E, Wei Q, Jacobson KA. Probing biased/partial agonism at the G protein-coupled A(2B) adenosine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:297-306. [PMID: 24853985 PMCID: PMC4128710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled A(2B) adenosine receptor (AR) regulates numerous important physiological functions, but its activation by diverse A(2B)AR agonists is poorly profiled. We probed potential partial and/or biased agonism in cell lines expressing variable levels of endogenous or recombinant A(2B)AR. In cAMP accumulation assays, both 5'-substituted NECA and C2-substituted MRS3997 are full agonists. However, only 5'-substituted adenosine analogs are full agonists in calcium mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and β-arrestin translocation. A(2B)AR overexpression in HEK293 cells markedly increased the agonist potency and maximum effect in cAMP accumulation, but less in calcium and ERK1/2. A(2B)AR siRNA silencing was more effective in reducing the maximum cAMP effect of non-nucleoside agonist BAY60-6583 than NECA's. A quantitative 'operational model' characterized C2-substituted MRS3997 as either balanced (cAMP accumulation, ERK1/2) or strongly biased agonist (against calcium, β-arrestin). N⁶-substitution biased against ERK1/2 (weakly) and calcium and β-arrestin (strongly) pathways. BAY60-6583 is ERK1/2-biased, suggesting a mechanism distinct from adenosine derivatives. BAY60-6583, as A(2B)AR antagonist in MIN-6 mouse pancreatic β cells expressing low A(2B)AR levels, induced insulin release. This is the first relatively systematic study of structure-efficacy relationships of this emerging drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Blg. 8A, Rm B1 A-17, NDDK 8 Center Dr., 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
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Tosh DK, Paoletta S, Chen Z, Moss SM, Gao ZG, Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. Extended N(6) substitution of rigid C2-arylethynyl nucleosides for exploring the role of extracellular loops in ligand recognition at the A3 adenosine receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3302-6. [PMID: 24969016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylethynyl-(N)-methanocarba adenosine 5'-methyluronamides containing rigid N(6)-(trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl) and 2-phenylethynyl groups were synthesized as agonists for probing structural features of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR). Radioligand binding confirmed A3AR selectivity and N(6)-1S,2R stereoselectivity for one diastereomeric pair. The environment of receptor-bound, conformationally constrained N(6) groups was explored by docking to an A3AR homology model, indicating specific hydrophobic interactions with the second extracellular loop able to modulate the affinity profile. 2-Pyridylethynyl derivative 18 was administered orally in mice to reduce chronic neuropathic pain in the chronic constriction injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Steven M Moss
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
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Toti KS, Moss SM, Paoletta S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis and evaluation of N⁶-substituted apioadenosines as potential adenosine A₃ receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4257-68. [PMID: 24931275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) trigger signal transduction pathways inside the cell when activated by extracellular adenosine. Selective modulation of the A₃AR subtype may be beneficial in controlling diseases such as colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of β-D-apio-D-furano- and α-D-apio-L-furanoadenosines and derivatives thereof. Introduction of a 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl group at N(6) of β-D-apio-D-furanoadenosine afforded an A₃AR antagonist (10c, Ki=0.98 μM), while a similar modification of an α-D-apio-L-furanoadenosine gave rise to a partial agonist (11c, Ki=3.07 μM). The structural basis for this difference was examined by docking to an A₃AR model; the antagonist lacked a crucial interaction with Thr94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven M Moss
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Andrews SP, Brown GA, Christopher JA. Structure-Based and Fragment-Based GPCR Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:256-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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