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Chi Z, Liao JB, Cheng X, Ye Z, Yuan W, Lin YM, Gong L. Asymmetric Cross-Coupling of Aldehydes with Diverse Carbonyl or Iminyl Compounds by Photoredox-Mediated Cobalt Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10857-10867. [PMID: 38587540 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric cross-coupling of unsaturated bonds, hampered by their comparable polarity and reactivity, as well as the scarcity of efficient catalytic systems capable of diastereo- and enantiocontrol, presents a significant hurdle in organic synthesis. In this study, we introduce a highly adaptable photochemical cobalt catalysis framework that facilitates chemo- and stereoselective reductive cross-couplings between common aldehydes with a broad array of carbonyl and iminyl compounds, including N-acylhydrazones, aryl ketones, aldehydes, and α-keto esters. Our methodology hinges on a synergistic mechanism driven by photoredox-induced single-electron reduction and subsequent radical-radical coupling, all precisely guided by a chiral cobalt catalyst. Various optically enriched β-amino alcohols and unsymmetrical 1,2-diol derivatives (80 examples) have been synthesized with good yields (up to 90% yield) and high stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 99% ee). Of particular note, this approach accomplishes unattainable photochemical asymmetric transformations of aldehydes with disparate carbonyl partners without reliance on any external photosensitizer, thereby further emphasizing its versatility and cost-efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jia-Bin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiuliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Hu H, Shi Z, Guo X, Zhang FH, Wang Z. A Radical Approach for Asymmetric α-C-H Addition of N-Sulfonyl Benzylamines to Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5316-5323. [PMID: 38364304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of enantioenriched amines is of great importance due to their significant synthetic and biological applications. Photoredox-mediated asymmetric α-amino C(sp3)-H functionalization offers an atom-economical and sustainable approach to access chiral amines. However, the development of analogous reactions is in its early stages, generally affording chiral amines with a single stereocenter. Herein, we present a novel synergistic triple-catalysis approach for the asymmetric α-C-H addition of readily available N-sulfonyl amines to aldehydes under mild conditions. This method allows for the efficient synthesis of a diverse array of valuable β-amino alcohols bearing vicinal stereocenters. Unlike previous reports, our protocol employs a radical approach using earth-abundant Cr catalysis. Quinuclidine plays a dual role by facilitating highly selective hydrogen-atom transfer to generate α-amino radicals and promoting the dissociation of the Cr-O bond, which is crucial for the overall catalytic cycle as evidenced by control, NMR, and DFT experiments. Preliminary mechanistic studies, including radical trapping, nonlinear effect, Stern-Volmer plot, kinetic isotope effect, and Hammett plot, offer valuable insights into the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Zhaoxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Xiaochong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou ,Zhejiang Province 310024, China
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3
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Chen X, Luo Z, Hu Z, Sun D, He Y, Lu J, Chen L, Liu S. Discovery of potent thiazolidin-4-one sulfone derivatives for inhibition of proliferation of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116082. [PMID: 38232462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy combining with surgical treatment has been the main strategy for osteosarcoma treatment in clinical. Due to unclear pathogenesis and unidentified drug targets, significant progress has not been made in the development of targeted drugs for osteosarcoma during the past 50 years. Our previous discovery reported compound R-8i with a high potency for the treatment of osteosarcoma by phenotypic screening. However, both the metabolic stability and bioavailability of R-8i are poor (T1/2 = 5.36 min, mouse liver microsome; and bioavailability in vivo F = 52.1 %, intraperitoneal administration) which limits it use for further drug development. Here, we described an extensive structure-activity relationship study of thiazolidine-4-one sulfone inhibitors from R-8i, which led to the discovery of compound 68. Compound 68 had a potent cellular activity with an IC50 value of 0.217 μM, much higher half-life (T1/2 = 73.8 min, mouse liver microsome) and an excellent pharmacokinetic profile (in vivo bioavailability F = 115 %, intraperitoneal administration). Compound 68 also showed good antitumor effects and low toxicity in a xenograft model (44.6 % inhibition osteosarcoma growth in BALB/c mice). These results suggest that compound 68 is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhengli Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zongjing Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Donghui Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yingying He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiani Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shunying Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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4
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Wen L, Ding J, Duan L, Wang S, An Q, Wang H, Zuo Z. Multiplicative enhancement of stereoenrichment by a single catalyst for deracemization of alcohols. Science 2023; 382:458-464. [PMID: 37883537 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemical enrichment of a racemic mixture by deracemization must overcome unfavorable entropic effects as well as the principle of microscopic reversibility; recently, photochemical reaction pathways unveiled by the energetic input of light have led to innovations toward this end, most often by ablation of a stereogenic C(sp3)-H bond. We report a photochemically driven deracemization protocol in which a single chiral catalyst effects two mechanistically different steps, C-C bond cleavage and C-C bond formation, to achieve multiplicative enhancement of stereoinduction, which leads to high levels of stereoselectivity. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitation of a titanium catalyst coordinated by a chiral phosphoric acid or bisoxazoline efficiently enriches racemic alcohols that feature adjacent and fully substituted stereogenic centers to enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. Mechanistic investigations support a pathway of sequential radical-mediated bond scission and bond formation through a common prochiral intermediate and reveal that, although the overall stereoenrichment is high, the selectivity in each individual step is moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Hu H, Wang Z. Cr-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cross Aza-Pinacol Couplings for β-Amino Alcohol Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20775-20781. [PMID: 37703906 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral β-amino alcohols are crucial structural motifs found in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Despite previous advances, the development of catalytic approaches to access β-amino alcohols bearing vicinal stereocenters from readily available chemicals remains a prominent challenge. Herein, we describe the Cr-catalyzed asymmetric cross aza-pinacol coupling of aldehydes and N-sulfonyl imines. This protocol proceeds in a radical-polar crossover manner from the intermediacy of an α-amino radical instead of a ketyl radical. Key to the success is using a chiral chromium catalyst, which plays a triple role in the chemoselective single-electron reduction of the imine, fast radical interception to inhibit radical addition to imines, and chemo- and stereoselective addition to aldehydes instead of imines. This method provides a modular and efficient approach to accessing diverse β-amino alcohols bearing vicinal stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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6
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Abstract
ConspectusOne of the fundamental goals of chemists is to develop highly efficient methods for producing optically active compounds, given their wide range of applications in chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, chemical biology, and material science. Biomimetic asymmetric catalysis, which imitates the structures and functions of enzymes, has emerged as an extremely attractive strategy for producing chiral compounds. This field has drawn tremendous research interest and has led to various protocols for constructing complex molecular scaffolds. The Vitamin B6 family, including pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, and the corresponding phosphorylated derivatives, serves as the cofactors to catalyze more than 200 enzymatic functions, accounting for ∼4% of all enzyme activities. Although significant progress has been made in simulating the biological roles of vitamin B6 during the past several decades, its extraordinary catalytic power has not yet been successfully applied into asymmetric synthesis. In recent years, our group has been devoted to developing vitamin B6-based biomimetic asymmetric catalysis using chiral pyridoxals/pyridoxamines as catalysts. We are particularly interested in mimicking the processes of enzymatic transamination and biological aldol reaction of glycine, respectively, developing asymmetric biomimetic transamination and carbonyl catalysis enabled α-C-H transformation of primary amines. Using a chiral α,α-diarylprolinol-derived pyridoxal as the catalyst, we reported the first chiral pyridoxal catalyzed asymmetric transamination of α-keto acids in 2015. A significant breakthrough in biomimetic transamination was achieved by using an axially chiral biaryl pyridoxamine catalyst that bears a lateral amine side arm. The amine side arm acts as an intramolecular base, accelerating the transamination and proving highly effective for transamination of α-keto acids and α-keto amides. In addition, we discovered the catalytic power of chiral pyridoxals as carbonyl catalysts for asymmetric biomimetic Mannich/aldol reactions of glycinates. These chiral pyridoxals also enabled more α-C-H conversions of glycinates, such as asymmetric 1,4-addition toward α,β-unsaturated esters and asymmetric α-allylation with Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates. Moreover, carbonyl catalysis can be further applied to highly challenging primary amines with inert α-C-H bonds, such as propargylamines and benzylamines, which represents a powerful strategy for direct asymmetric α-C-H functionalization of various primary amines without protection of the NH2 group. These biomimetic/bioinspired transformations provide efficient new protocols for the synthesis of chiral amines. Herein, we summarize our recent efforts on the development of the vitamin B6-based biomimetic asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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7
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Cobos-Ontiveros LA, Romero-Hernández LL, Mastranzo-Sánchez EB, Colín-Lozano B, Puerta A, Padrón JM, Merino-Montiel P, Vega Baez JL, Montiel-Smith S. Synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation and in silico studies of a novel steroidal spiro morpholinone. Steroids 2023; 192:109173. [PMID: 36621620 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens play a pivotal role in the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancer and other hormone-dependent disorders. A common strategy to overcome the pathological effects of estrogens is the use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which bind to the enzyme and prevent the union with the natural substrate, decreasing the amount of estrogens produced. Several AIs have been developed, including inhibitors with a steroidal backbone and a nitrogen heterocycle in their structure. Encouraged by the notable results presented by current and clinical steroidal drugs, herein we present the synthesis of a steroidal spiro morpholinone derivative as a plausible aromatase inhibitor. The morpholinone derivative was synthesized over a six-step methodology starting from estrone. The title compound and its hydroxychloroacetamide derivative precursor were evaluated for their antiproliferative profile against estrogen-dependent and independent solid tumor cell lines: A549, HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D and WiDr. Both compounds exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range against the six cancer cell lines, with the hydroxychloroacetamide derivative precursor being a more potent inhibitor (GI50 = 0.25-2.4 µM) than the morpholinone derivative (GI50 = 2.0-11 µM). Furthermore, both compounds showed, in almost all cases, better GI50 values than the steroidal anticancer drugs abiraterone and galeterone. Docking simulations of the derivatives were performed in order to explain the experimental biological activity. The results showed interactions with the iron heme (derivative 3) and important residues of the steroidal binding-site (Met374) for the inhibition of human aromatase. A correlation was found between in vitro assays and the score obtained from the molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cobos-Ontiveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Laura L Romero-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo B Mastranzo-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Blanca Colín-Lozano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Jose Luis Vega Baez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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8
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Alshahrani S, Al-Majid AM, Ali M, Alamary AS, Abu-Serie MM, Dömling A, Shafiq M, Ul-Haq Z, Barakat A. Rational Design, Synthesis, Separation, and Characterization of New Spiroxindoles Combined with Benzimidazole Scaffold as an MDM2 Inhibitor. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational design for a new spiroxindoles, combined with a benzimidazole scaffold to identify a new murine double minute two (MDM2) inhibitor was synthesized and characterized. The desired spiroxindoles were achieved via a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction approach which afforded the cycloadducts with four asymmetric centers separated in an excellent regioselective and diastereoselective compound. The separated spiroxindoles were subjected to a set of biochemical assays including an NCI cell panel assay, MTT assay, and MDM2 binding analysis by a microscale thermophoresis assay. The anticancer reactivity for the tested compounds showed IC50 (µM) in the range between 3.797–6.879 µM, and compound 7d with IC50 = 3.797 ± 0.205 µM was the most active candidate between the series. The results showed promising results that identified that compound 7a could be inhibited the MDM2 with KD = 2.38 μm. Compound 7a developed a network of interactions with the MDM2 receptor studied in silico by molecular docking.
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Ivanenkov YA, Kukushkin ME, Beloglazkina AA, Shafikov RR, Barashkin AA, Ayginin AA, Serebryakova MS, Majouga AG, Skvortsov DA, Tafeenko VA, Beloglazkina EK. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dispiro-Indolinones with Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031325. [PMID: 36770991 PMCID: PMC9919490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel variously substituted thiohydantoin-based dispiro-indolinones were prepared using a regio- and diastereoselective synthetic route from 5-arylidene-2-thiohydantoins, isatines, and sarcosine. The obtained molecules were subsequently evaluated in vitro against the cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3, HCTwt, and HCT(-/-). Several compounds demonstrated a relatively high cytotoxic activity vs. LNCaP cells (IC50 = 1.2-3.5 µM) and a reasonable selectivity index (SI = 3-10). Confocal microscopy revealed that the conjugate of propargyl-substituted dispiro-indolinone with the fluorescent dye Sulfo-Cy5-azide was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of HEK293 cells. P388-inoculated mice and HCT116-xenograft BALB/c nude mice were used to evaluate the anticancer activity of compound 29 in vivo. Particularly, the TGRI value for the P388 model was 93% at the final control timepoint. No mortality was registered among the population up to day 31 of the study. In the HCT116 xenograft model, the compound (170 mg/kg, i.p., o.d., 10 days) provided a T/C ratio close to 60% on day 8 after the treatment was completed. The therapeutic index-estimated as LD50/ED50-for compound 29 in mice was ≥2.5. Molecular docking studies were carried out to predict the possible binding modes of the examined molecules towards MDM2 as the feasible biological target. However, such a mechanism was not confirmed by Western blot data and, apparently, the synthesized compounds have a different mechanism of cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan A. Ivanenkov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise Dukhov Automatics Research Institute (VNIIA), 22. ul. Sushchevskaya, 127055 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Kukushkin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Radik R. Shafikov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, GSP-7, Ulitsa Mklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 17997 Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology MSU, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Barashkin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Ayginin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Serebryakova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- College of New Materials and Nanotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Zhou Y, Yue X, Jiang F, Sun J, Guo W. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α-tertiary aminoketones from sulfoxonium ylides bearing two aryl groups. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1193-1196. [PMID: 36629287 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disclosed herein is an efficient organocatalytic formal N-H insertion reaction of arylamines with α-keto sulfoxonium ylides bearing two aryl groups, delivering a broad range of α-tertiary aminoketones with good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 90% yield and 94% ee). The utilities of this protocol were also demonstrated by facile preparation of enantioenriched 2-amino-1,2-diarylethanol bearing two different aryl groups, a type of important building block lacking efficient access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wengang Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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11
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Recent advances in the pharmacological targeting of ubiquitin-regulating enzymes in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:213-229. [PMID: 35184940 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a post-translational modification that has pivotal roles in protein degradation, ubiquitination ensures that intracellular proteins act in a precise spatial and temporal manner to regulate diversified cellular processes. Perturbation of the ubiquitin system contributes directly to the onset and progression of a wide variety of diseases, including various subtypes of cancer. This highly regulated system has been for years an active research area for drug discovery that is exemplified by several approved drugs. In this review, we will provide an update of the main breakthrough scientific discoveries that have been leading the clinical development of ubiquitin-targeting therapies in the last decade, with a special focus on E1 and E3 modulators. We will further discuss the unique challenges of identifying new potential therapeutic targets within this ubiquitous and highly complex machinery, based on available crystallographic structures, and explore chemical approaches by which these challenges might be met.
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12
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Catalytic asymmetric α C(sp3)–H addition of benzylamines to aldehydes. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Sinha P, Kumar Yadav A. Structural, Electronic, Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Analysis of Novel Hetero Oxetane Ring Compound. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Zhu H, Gao H, Ji Y, Zhou Q, Du Z, Tian L, Jiang Y, Yao K, Zhou Z. Targeting p53-MDM2 interaction by small-molecule inhibitors: learning from MDM2 inhibitors in clinical trials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:91. [PMID: 35831864 PMCID: PMC9277894 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, encoded by the tumor suppressor gene TP53, is one of the most important tumor suppressor factors in vivo and can be negatively regulated by MDM2 through p53–MDM2 negative feedback loop. Abnormal p53 can be observed in almost all tumors, mainly including p53 mutation and functional inactivation. Blocking MDM2 to restore p53 function is a hotspot in the development of anticancer candidates. Till now, nine MDM2 inhibitors with different structural types have entered clinical trials. However, no MDM2 inhibitor has been approved for clinical application. This review focused on the discovery, structural modification, preclinical and clinical research of the above compounds from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. Based on this, the possible defects in MDM2 inhibitors in clinical development were analyzed to suggest that the multitarget strategy or targeted degradation strategy based on MDM2 has the potential to reduce the dose-dependent hematological toxicity of MDM2 inhibitors and improve their anti-tumor activity, providing certain guidance for the development of agents targeting the p53–MDM2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Zhu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Tian
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kun Yao
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, 214151, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Ji B, Cheng Z, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Li Y, Ren J, Liu W, Ma Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Synthetic Indolone Derivatives as Anti-Tumor Agents Targeting p53-MDM2 and p53-MDMX. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123721. [PMID: 35744849 PMCID: PMC9230548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel indolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities toward MDM2 and MDMX. Some compounds showed potent MDM2 and moderate MDMX activities. Among them, compound A13 exhibited the most potent affinity toward MDM2 and MDMX, with a Ki of 0.031 and 7.24 μM, respectively. A13 was also the most potent agent against HCT116, MCF7, and A549, with IC50 values of 6.17, 11.21, and 12.49 μM, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed that A13 upregulated the expression of MDM2, MDMX, and p53 by Western blot analysis. These results indicate that A13 is a potent dual p53-MDM2 and p53-MDMX inhibitor and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bo Ji
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Zhongshui Cheng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Yingying Cheng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Jin Ren
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
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16
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Kislyi VP, Maksimenko AS, Buikin PA, Daeva ED, Semenov VV. Preparation of Ring-Methoxylated Arylnitromethanes by the Victor Meyer Reaction. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEasily accessible and stable ring-methoxylated benzyl chlorides react with AgNO2 to give mixtures of the corresponding arylnitromethanes and nitrite esters. A modified approach for the isolation of arylnitromethanes is described, which represents a valuable improvement of the established Victor Meyer reaction. The isolation technique, which involves reaction of the nitrite ester with urea in methanol, allows the desired arylnitromethanes to be isolated, without loss, in 29–75% yields, and generates the corresponding recyclable benzyl alcohols. Unexpectedly, ring-methoxylated benzyl iodides cannot be used because they are not sufficiently stable and produce tars under the developed reaction conditions.
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17
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Deng Y, Pi R, Niu L, Zhao Y, Ni D, Song L, Li Z, Han W, Wei Q, Han Y, Zhu T, Luo Z, Sun D, Dong S, Liu S. Novel 2-phenyl-3-(Pyridin-2-yl) thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as potent inhibitors for proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114010. [PMID: 34861640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to unknown pathogenesis and unidentified drug target, no drug for the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) has been launched to the market. Herein, thiazolidinone 1a was discovered as a hit compound by phenotypic screening with an in-house patrimonial collection of structural diversity. The following SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) study affords the final water-soluble lead compound (R)-8i as a potential inhibitor for the proliferation of OS cells by the modulation of solubility of the compounds with remarkable cellular potency (IC50 = 21.9 nM for MNNG/HOS cells) and in vivo efficacy (52.9% inhibition OS growth in mice), as well as pharmacokinetic properties. (R)-8i also significantly suppresses OS cell migration in vitro and showed to be well-tolerated. Our preliminary investigation shows that the effects of (R)-8i are not dependent on p53 and myoferlin (MYOF). These results suggest that (R)-8i might be a potential drug candidate for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Rou Pi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Li Niu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Dan Ni
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Longlong Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Zi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Wangyujing Han
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yuqiao Han
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Zhengli Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Donghui Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Suzhen Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Shunying Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
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18
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Convenient preparation of arylnitromethanes by oxidation of benzaldoximes with urea hydrogen peroxide. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Sun Jang H, Kim SG. Asymmetric catalytic [3 + 3]-cycloaddition of γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones with azaoxyallyl cations. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Ligand-Based and Docking-Based Virtual Screening of MDM2 Inhibitors as Potent Anticancer Agents. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3195957. [PMID: 34413896 PMCID: PMC8369186 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3195957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-based and docking-based virtual screening was carried out to identify novel MDM2 inhibitors. A pharmacophore model with four features was used for virtual screening, followed by molecular docking. Seventeen compounds were selected for an in vitro MDM2 inhibition assay, and compounds AO-476/43250177, AG-690/37072075, AK-968/15254441, AO-022/43452814, and AF-399/25108021 showed promising MDM2 inhibition activities with Ki values of 9.5, 8.5, 23.4, 3.2, and 23.1 μM, respectively. Four compounds also showed antiproliferative activity, and compound AO-022/43452814 was the most potent hit with IC50 values of 19.35, 26.73, 12.63, and 24.14 μM against MCF7 (p53 +/+), MCF7 (p53 -/-), HCT116 (p53 +/+), and HCT116 (p53 -/-) cell lines, respectively. Compound AO-022/43452814 could be used as a scaffold for the development of anticancer agents targeting MDM2.
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21
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Chukwuemeka PO, Umar HI, Iwaloye O, Oretade OM, Olowosoke CB, Elabiyi MO, Igbe FO, Oretade OJ, Eigbe JO, Adeojo FJ. Targeting p53-MDM2 interactions to identify small molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy: beyond "Failure to rescue". J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9158-9176. [PMID: 33988074 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1924267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At present, disrupting p53-MDM2 interactions through small molecule ligands is a promising approach to safe treatment and management of human cancer. Tumor cells unlike the normal cells, are rapidly evolving affecting the efficacy of many approved anti-cancer agents due to drug resistance. Therefore, identifying a potential anticancer compound is crucial. Pharmacophore based virtual screening, followed by molecular docking, ADMET evaluation, and molecular dynamics studies against MDM2 protein was investigated to identify potential ligands that may act as inhibitors. The model (AHRR_1) with survival score (4.176) was selected among the top ranked generated Pharmacophore hypothesis. Validation of the model hypothesis by an external dataset of actives and inactive compounds produced significant validation attributes including; AUC = 0.85, BEDROC = 0.56 at α = 20.0, RIE = 8.18, AUAC = 0.88, and EF of 6.2 at the top 2% of the dataset. The model was use for screening the ZINC database, and the top 1375 hits satisfying the model hypothesis were subjected to molecular docking studies to understand the molecular and structural basis of selectivity of compounds for MDM2 protein. A sub-set of 25 compounds with binding energy lower than the reference inhibitors were evaluated for pharmacokinetic properties. Four compounds (ZINC02639178, ZINC06752762, ZINC38933175, and ZINC77969611) showed the most desired pharmacokinetic profile. Lastly, investigation of the dynamic behaviour of leads-protein complexes through MD simulation showed similar RMSD, RMSF, and H-bond occupancy profile compared to a reference inhibitor, suggesting stability throughout the simulation time. However, ZINC02639178 was found to satisfy the molecular enumeration the most compared to the other three leads. It may emerge as potential treatment option after extensive experimental studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular biology unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Matthew Oretade
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Omoniyi Elabiyi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Festus Omotere Igbe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oyeyemi Janet Oretade
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Science (CHS), Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Joy Oseme Eigbe
- Department of Biomedical Technology, School of Health and Health Technology (SHHT), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo Janet Adeojo
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (SOS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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22
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Touge T, Nara H, Kida M, Matsumura K, Kayaki Y. Convincing Catalytic Performance of Oxo-Tethered Ruthenium Complexes for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Cyclic α-Halogenated Ketones through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Org Lett 2021; 23:3070-3075. [PMID: 33780258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of cyclic halohydrins was achieved by the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of racemic α-haloketones. Bifunctional oxo-tethered Ru(II) catalysts could promote the reduction without deterioration of halogens. By structural tuning of the catalyst, chiral alcohols having halogen, ester, carboxamide, and sulfone functions were obtained variably with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >99:1 d.r. and >99.9 ee), which provided a concise synthetic approach to a dopamine D3 receptor ligand, (+)-PHNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Touge
- Corporate Research and Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-Yawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Hideki Nara
- Corporate Research and Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-Yawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Michio Kida
- Corporate Research and Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-Yawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumura
- Corporate Research and Development Division, Takasago International Corporation, 1-4-11 Nishi-Yawata, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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23
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Kumar H, Prajapati G, Dubey A, Ampapathi RS, Mandal PK. Intramolecular 6- exo- dig Post-Ugi Cyclization of N-Substituted 2-Alkynamides: Direct Access to Functionalized Morpholinone Glycoconjugates. Org Lett 2020; 22:9258-9262. [PMID: 33202129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a chemo- and regioselective 6-exo-dig catalytic cyclization of Ugi adducts N-substituted 2-alkynamides to access functionalized morpholinone glycoconjugates in the presence of triphenylphosphine. This array allows an interesting multicomponent access to a library of functionalized morpholinone glycoconjugates under mild reaction conditions with regeneration of catalyst triphenylphosphine, supported by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Density functional theory shows the 6-exo-dig oxocyclization pathway is preferred, which supports our experimental observation.
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24
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Algar S, Martín-Martínez M, González-Muñiz R. Evolution in non-peptide α-helix mimetics on the road to effective protein-protein interaction modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113015. [PMID: 33423841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of interactome networks, essentially protein-protein interactions (PPIs), might represent valuable therapeutic approaches to different pathological conditions. Since a high percentage of PPIs are mediated by α-helical structures at the interacting surface, the development of compounds able to reproduce the amino acid side-chain organization of α-helices (e.g. stabilized α-helix peptides and β-derivatives, proteomimetics, and α-helix small-molecule mimetics) focuses the attention of different research groups. This appraisal describes the recent progress in the non-peptide α-helix mimetics field, which has evolved from single-face to multi-face reproducing compounds and from oligomeric to monomeric scaffolds able to bear different substituents in similar spatial dispositions as the side-chains in canonical helices. Grouped by chemical structures, the review contemplates terphenyl-like molecules, oligobenzamides and heterocyclic analogues, benzamide-amino acid conjugates and non-oligomeric small-molecules mimetics, among others, and their effectiveness to stabilize/disrupt therapeutically relevant PPIs. The X-ray structures of a couple of oligomeric peptidomimetics and of some small-molecules complexed with the MDM2 protein, as well as the state of the art on their development in clinical trials, are also remarked. The discovery of a continuously increasing number of new disease-relevant PPIs could offer future opportunities for these and other forthcoming α-helix mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Algar
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Green AI, Hobor F, Tinworth CP, Warriner S, Wilson AJ, Nelson A. Activity-Directed Synthesis of Inhibitors of the p53/hDM2 Protein-Protein Interaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:10682-10689. [PMID: 32458465 PMCID: PMC7496268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provide a rich source of potential targets for drug discovery and biomedical science research. However, the identification of structural-diverse starting points for discovery of PPI inhibitors remains a significant challenge. Activity-directed synthesis (ADS), a function-driven discovery approach, was harnessed in the discovery of the p53/hDM2 PPI. Over two rounds of ADS, 346 microscale reactions were performed, with prioritisation on the basis of the activity of the resulting product mixtures. Four distinct and novel series of PPI inhibitors were discovered that, through biophysical characterisation, were shown to have promising ligand efficiencies. It was thus shown that ADS can facilitate ligand discovery for a target that does not have a defined small-molecule binding site, and can provide distinctive starting points for the discovery of PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I. Green
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Fruzsina Hobor
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | | | - Stuart Warriner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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26
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Gediya SK, Clarkson GJ, Wills M. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α-Amino Ketones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11309-11330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta K. Gediya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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27
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Son EC, Lee J, Kim SG. Base-Promoted Cycloaddition of γ-Hydroxy- and δ-Hydroxy-α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls with Azaoxyallyl Cations: Rapid Synthesis of N,O
-Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Son
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro 16227 Yeongtong-gu Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro 16227 Yeongtong-gu Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro 16227 Yeongtong-gu Suwon Republic of Korea
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28
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Recent Synthetic Approaches towards Small Molecule Reactivators of p53. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040635. [PMID: 32326087 PMCID: PMC7226499 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is often called "the genome guardian" and controls the cell cycle and the integrity of DNA, as well as other important cellular functions. Its main function is to trigger the process of apoptosis in tumor cells, and approximately 50% of all cancers are related to the inactivation of the p53 protein through mutations in the TP53 gene. Due to the association of mutant p53 with cancer therapy resistance, different forms of restoration of p53 have been subject of intense research in recent years. In this sense, this review focus on the main currently adopted approaches for activation and reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor function, focusing on the synthetic approaches that are involved in the development and preparation of such small molecules.
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29
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Rusiecki R, Witkowski J, Jaszczewska-Adamczak J. MDM2-p53 Interaction Inhibitors: The Current State-of-Art and Updated Patent Review (2010-Present). Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:324-369. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666191022163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Mouse Double Minute 2 protein (MDM2) is a cellular regulator of p53 tumor
suppressor (p53). Inhibition of the interaction between MDM2 and p53 proteins is a promising anticancer
therapy.
Objective:
This updated patent review is an attempt to compile the research and achievements of the
various researchers working on small molecule MDM2 inhibitors from 2010 to date. We provide an
outlook into the future for therapy based on MDM2 inhibition by presenting an overview of the most
relevant patents which have recently appeared in the literature.
Methods:
Literature and recent patents focusing on the anticancer potential of MDM2-p53 interaction
inhibitors and its applications have been analyzed. We put the main emphasis on the most perspective
compounds which are or were examined in clinical trials.
Results:
Literature data indicated that MDM2 inhibitors are therapeutically effective in specific types
of cancer or non-cancer diseases. A great number of patents and research work around new MDM2-
p53 interaction inhibitors, possible combinations, new indications, clinical regimens in previous years
prove that this targeted therapy is in the scope of interest for many business and academic research
groups.
Conclusion:
Novel MDM2 inhibitors thanks to higher potency and better ADME properties have
shown effectiveness in preclinical and clinical development however the final improvement of therapeutic
potential for MDM2 inhibitors might depend on the useful combination therapy and exploring
new cancer and non-cancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Rusiecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Jakub Witkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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30
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Hong SK, Park W, Park YS. Asymmetric synthesis of 4-aryl dihydroisoquinolin-3-ones and 2-aryl morpholin-3-ones using AgOTf-activated α-bromo arylacetate. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Skalniak L, Surmiak E, Holak TA. A therapeutic patent overview of MDM2/X-targeted therapies (2014–2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:151-170. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1582645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Barakat A, Islam MS, Ghawas HM, Al-Majid AM, El-Senduny FF, Badria FA, Elshaier YAMM, Ghabbour HA. Design and synthesis of new substituted spirooxindoles as potential inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:598-608. [PMID: 30802707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The designed compounds, 4a-p, were synthesized using a simple and smooth method with an asymmetric 1,3-dipolar reaction as the key step. The chemical structures for all synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by spectral analysis. The molecular complexity and the absolute stereochemistry of 4b and 4e designed analogs were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were tested against colon (HCT-116), prostate (PC-3), and hepatocellular (HepG-2) cancer cell lines. Molecular modeling revealed that the compound 4d binds through hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions with the essential amino acids (LEU: 57, GLY: 58, ILE: 61, and HIS: 96) in the p53-binding cleft, as a standard p53-MDM2 inhibitor (6SJ). The mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of compound 4d was further evaluated, and the study showed that compound 4d inhibited colony formation, cell migration, arrested cancer cell growth at G2/M, and induced apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Transactivation of p53 was confirmed by flow cytometry, where compound 4d increased the level of activated p53 and induced mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitor, p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussien Mansur Ghawas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Atatreh N, Ghattas MA, Bardaweel SK, Rawashdeh SA, Sorkhy MA. Identification of new inhibitors of Mdm2-p53 interaction via pharmacophore and structure-based virtual screening. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3741-3752. [PMID: 30464405 PMCID: PMC6223338 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s182444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays an important role in preventing tumor formation and progression through its involvement in cell division control and initiation of apoptosis. Mdm2 protein controls the activity of p53 protein through working as ubiquitin E3 ligase promoting p53 degradation through the proteasome degradation pathway. Inhibitors for Mdm2-p53 interaction have restored the activity of p53 protein and induced cancer fighting properties in the cell. Purpose The objective of this study is to use computer-aided drug discovery techniques to search for new Mdm2-p53 interaction inhibitors. Methods A set of pharmacophoric features were created based on a standard Mdm2 inhibitor and this was used to screen a commercial drug-like ligand library; then potential inhibitors were docked and ranked in a multi-step protocol using GLIDE. Top ranked ligands from docking were evaluated for their inhibition activity of Mdm2-p53 interaction using ELISA testing. Results Several compounds showed inhibition activity at the submicromolar level, which is comparable to the standard inhibitor Nutlin-3a. Furthermore, the discovered inhibitors were evaluated for their anticancer activities against different breast cancer cell lines, and they showed an interesting inhibition pattern. Conclusion The reported inhibitors can represent a starting point for further SAR studies in the future and can help in the discovery of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Atatreh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, ;
| | - Mohammad A Ghattas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, ;
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sara Al Rawashdeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, ;
| | - Mohammad Al Sorkhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, ;
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Liao G, Yang D, Ma L, Li W, Hu L, Zeng L, Wu P, Duan L, Liu Z. The development of piperidinones as potent MDM2-P53 protein-protein interaction inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Skalniak L, Kocik J, Polak J, Skalniak A, Rak M, Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Holak TA. Prolonged Idasanutlin (RG7388) Treatment Leads to the Generation of p53-Mutated Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110396. [PMID: 30352966 PMCID: PMC6266412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein p53 protects the organism against carcinogenic events by the induction of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair program upon DNA damage. Virtually all cancers inactivate p53 either by mutations/deletions of the TP53 gene or by boosting negative regulation of p53 activity. The overexpression of MDM2 protein is one of the most common mechanisms utilized by p53wt cancers to keep p53 inactive. Inhibition of MDM2 action by its antagonists has proved its anticancer potential in vitro and is now tested in clinical trials. However, the prolonged treatment of p53wt cells with MDM2 antagonists leads to the development of secondary resistance, as shown first for Nutlin-3a, and later for three other small molecules. In the present study, we show that secondary resistance occurs also after treatment of p53wt cells with idasanutlin (RG7388, RO5503781), which is the only MDM2 antagonist that has passed phase II and entered phase III clinical trials, so far. Idasanutlin strongly activates p53, as evidenced by the induction of p21 expression and potent cell cycle arrest in all the three cell lines tested, i.e., MCF-7, U-2 OS, and SJSA-1. Notably, apoptosis was induced only in SJSA-1 cells, while MCF-7 and U-2 OS cells were able to restore the proliferation upon the removal of idasanutlin. Moreover, idasanutlin-treated U-2 OS cells could be cultured for long time periods in the presence of the drug. This prolonged treatment led to the generation of p53-mutated resistant cell populations. This resistance was generated de novo, as evidenced by the utilization of monoclonal U-2 OS subpopulations. Thus, although idasanutlin presents much improved activities compared to its precursor, it displays the similar weaknesses, which are limited elimination of cancer cells and the generation of p53-mutated drug-resistant subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Polak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Skalniak
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 17, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Rak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Islam MS, Ghawas HM, El-Senduny FF, Al-Majid AM, Elshaier YAMM, Badria FA, Barakat A. Synthesis of new thiazolo-pyrrolidine-(spirooxindole) tethered to 3-acylindole as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:423-430. [PMID: 30508794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapeutics with profiles of high potency, low toxicity, and low resistance is of considerable interest. A new series of functionalized spirooxindole linked with 3-acylindole scaffold is reported, starting from chalcones derived from 3-acetyl indole with isatin, and l-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid. The reactions proceeded regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, without side products in high yield (71-89%). The new spirooxindole hybrids have been evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative effects against colon cancer (HCT-116), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and prostate cancer (PC-3). The selectivity of their activity was evaluated. Some of the synthesized compounds showed considerable anticancer activities. Compound 4k proved to retain a high cytotoxic activity and selectivity against colon cancer cells HCT-116 (IC50 = 7 ± 0.27 µM, SI: 3.7), and HepG2 (IC50 = 5.5 ± 0.2 µM, SI: 4.7) in comparison to (IC50 = 12.6 ± 0.5, SI: 0.4 and 5.5 ± 0.3 µM, SI: 0.9, respectively). Compound 4k was less active (IC50 = 6 ± 0.3 µM, SI: 4.3) than cisplatin (IC50 = 5 ± 0.56 µM, SI: 1.0) but showed greater selectivity towards prostate cancer cells PC-3 in comparison to cisplatin. The details of the binding mode of the active compounds were clarified by molecular docking. Ligand Efficiency (LE) and Ligand Lipophilic Efficiency (LLE) were evaluated and revealed that compound 4k had acceptable value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussien Mansur Ghawas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of organic and medicinal chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
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Niazi S, Purohit M, Niazi JH. Role of p53 circuitry in tumorigenesis: A brief review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:7-24. [PMID: 30199707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity under the stressed condition is paramount for normal functioning of cells in the multicellular organisms. Cells are programmed to protect their genome through specialized adaptive mechanisms which will help decide their fate under stressed conditions. These mechanisms are the outcome of activation of the intricate circuitries that are regulated by the p53 master protein. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive review on p53, p53 homologues and their isoforms, including a description about the ubiquitin-proteasome system emphasizing its role in p53 regulation. p53 induced E3(Ub)-ligases are an integral part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review outlines the roles of important E3(Ub)-ligases and their splice variants in maintaining cellular p53 protein homeostasis. It also covers up-to-date and relevant information on small molecule Mdm2 inhibitors originated from different organizations. The review ends with a discussion on future prospects and investigation directives for the development of next-generation modulators as p53 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraj Niazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Madhusudan Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Javed H Niazi
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lambert M, Jambon S, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH. Targeting Transcription Factors for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061479. [PMID: 29921764 PMCID: PMC6100431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are involved in a large number of human diseases such as cancers for which they account for about 20% of all oncogenes identified so far. For long time, with the exception of ligand-inducible nuclear receptors, transcription factors were considered as “undruggable” targets. Advances knowledge of these transcription factors, in terms of structure, function (expression, degradation, interaction with co-factors and other proteins) and the dynamics of their mode of binding to DNA has changed this postulate and paved the way for new therapies targeted against transcription factors. Here, we discuss various ways to target transcription factors in cancer models: by modulating their expression or degradation, by blocking protein/protein interactions, by targeting the transcription factor itself to prevent its DNA binding either through a binding pocket or at the DNA-interacting site, some of these inhibitors being currently used or evaluated for cancer treatment. Such different targeting of transcription factors by small molecules is facilitated by modern chemistry developing a wide variety of original molecules designed to specifically abort transcription factor and by an increased knowledge of their pathological implication through the use of new technologies in order to make it possible to improve therapeutic control of transcription factor oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Samy Jambon
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
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40
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Krasavin M, Gureyev MA, Dar'in D, Bakulina O, Chizhova M, Lepikhina A, Novikova D, Grigoreva T, Ivanov G, Zhumagalieva A, Garabadzhiu AV, Tribulovich VG. Design, in silico prioritization and biological profiling of apoptosis-inducing lactams amenable by the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2651-2673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Grygorenko OO, Biitseva AV, Zhersh S. Amino sulfonic acids, peptidosulfonamides and other related compounds. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Lotfy G, El Ashry ESH, Said MM, El Tamany ES, Abdel Aziz YM, Al-Dhfyan A, Al-Majid AM, Barakat A. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of new spirooxindoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction: Anticancer and molecular docking studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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One-Pot Enantioselective Synthesis of d
-Phenylglycines from Racemic Mandelic Acids, Styrenes, or Biobased l
-Phenylalanine via
Cascade Biocatalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Singh AK, Chauhan SS, Singh SK, Verma VV, Singh A, Arya RK, Maheshwari S, Akhtar MS, Sarkar J, Rangnekar VM, Chauhan PMS, Datta D. Dual targeting of MDM2 with a novel small-molecule inhibitor overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1027-1040. [PMID: 27543608 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein functionally inactivates the tumor suppressor p53 in human cancer. Conventional MDM2 inhibitors provide limited clinical application as they interfere only with the MDM2-p53 interaction to release p53 from MDM2 sequestration but do not prevent activated p53 from transcriptionally inducing MDM2 expression. Here, we report a rationally synthesized chalcone-based pyrido[ b ]indole, CPI-7c, as a unique small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2, which not only inhibited MDM2-p53 interaction but also promoted MDM2 degradation. CPI-7c bound to both RING and N-terminal domains of MDM2 to promote its ubiquitin-mediated degradation and p53 stabilization. CPI-7c-induced p53 directly recruited to the promoters of DR4 and DR5 genes and enhanced their expression, resulting in sensitization of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant cancer cells toward TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Collectively, we identified CPI-7c as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2 with a unique two-prong mechanism of action that sensitized TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to apoptosis by modulating the MDM2-p53-DR4/DR5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shikha S Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and.,Present address: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031 , India
| | - Ved Vrat Verma
- Department of Biophysics, Delhi University , South Campus, New Delhi 110021 , India
| | | | | | - Shrankhla Maheshwari
- Biochemistry Division.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India and
| | - Md Sohail Akhtar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031 , India
| | | | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40536 , USA and
| | | | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India and
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Nguyen D, Liao W, Zeng SX, Lu H. Reviving the guardian of the genome: Small molecule activators of p53. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:92-108. [PMID: 28351719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is one of the most important proteins for protection of genomic stability and cancer prevention. Cancers often inactivate it by either mutating its gene or disabling its function. Thus, activating p53 becomes an attractive approach for the development of molecule-based anti-cancer therapy. The past decade and half have witnessed tremendous progress in this area. This essay offers readers with a grand review on this progress with updated information about small molecule activators of p53 either still at bench work or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States.
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Patil P, Madhavachary R, Kurpiewska K, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J, Dömling A. De Novo Assembly of Highly Substituted Morpholines and Piperazines. Org Lett 2017; 19:642-645. [PMID: 28102692 PMCID: PMC5348101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
morpholine and piperazine with their remarkable physical and
biochemical properties are popular heterocycles in organic and medicinal
chemistry used in rational property design. However, in the majority
of cases these rings are added to an existing molecule in a building
block approach thus limiting their substitution pattern and diversity.
Here we introduce a versatile de novo synthesis of the morpholine
and piperazine rings using multicomponent reaction chemistry. The
large scale amenable building blocks can be further substituted at
up to four positions, making this a very versatile scaffold synthesis
strategy. Our methods thus fulfill the increasing demand for novel
building block design and nontraditional scaffolds which previously
were not accessible
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Patil
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudrakshula Madhavachary
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Biocrystallography Group, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Kalinowska-Tłuścik
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Biocrystallography Group, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Lemos A, Leão M, Soares J, Palmeira A, Pinto M, Saraiva L, Sousa ME. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Disrupt the p53-MDM2/MDMX Interaction. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:789-844. [PMID: 27302609 DOI: 10.1002/med.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory activity of p53 tumor suppressor is tightly regulated by interaction with two negative regulatory proteins, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and X (MDMX), which are overexpressed in about half of all human tumors. The elucidation of crystallographic structures of MDM2/MDMX complexes with p53 has been pivotal for the identification of several classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction. The present review provides in silico strategies and screening approaches used in drug discovery as well as an overview of the most relevant classes of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction, their progress in pipeline, and highlights particularities of each class of inhibitors. Most of the progress made with high-throughput screening has led to the development of inhibitors belonging to the cis-imidazoline, piperidinone, and spiro-oxindole series. However, novel potent and selective classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction with promising antitumor activity are emerging. Even with the discovery of the 3D structure of complex p53-MDMX, only two small molecules were reported as selective p53-MDMX antagonists, WK298 and SJ-172550. Dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction has shown to be an alternative approach since it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. The knowledge of structural requirements crucial to the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDMs interactions has enabled the identification of novel antitumor agents with improved in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Leão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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Chemical Variations on the p53 Reactivation Theme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020025. [PMID: 27187415 PMCID: PMC4932543 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the tumor suppressor genes, p53 is one of the most studied. It is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome", playing a major role in carcinogenesis. In fact, direct inactivation of the TP53 gene occurs in more than 50% of malignancies, and in tumors that retain wild-type p53 status, its function is usually inactivated by overexpression of negative regulators (e.g., MDM2 and MDMX). Hence, restoring p53 function in cancer cells represents a valuable anticancer approach. In this review, we will present an updated overview of the most relevant small molecules developed to restore p53 function in cancer cells through inhibition of the p53-MDMs interaction, or direct targeting of wild-type p53 or mutated p53. In addition, optimization approaches used for the development of small molecules that have entered clinical trials will be presented.
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Estrada-Ortiz N, Neochoritis CG, Dömling A. How To Design a Successful p53-MDM2/X Interaction Inhibitor: A Thorough Overview Based on Crystal Structures. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:757-72. [PMID: 26676832 PMCID: PMC4838565 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A recent therapeutic strategy in oncology is based on blocking the protein-protein interaction between the murine double minute (MDM) homologues MDM2/X and the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Inhibiting the binding between wild-type (WT) p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and/or MDMX has become an important target in oncology to restore the antitumor activity of p53, the so-called guardian of our genome. Interestingly, based on the multiple disclosed compound classes and structural analysis of small-molecule-MDM2 adducts, the p53-MDM2 complex is perhaps the best studied and most targeted protein-protein interaction. Several classes of small molecules have been identified as potent, selective, and efficient inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/X interaction, and many co-crystal structures with the protein are available. Herein we review the properties as well as preclinical and clinical studies of these small molecules and peptides, categorized by scaffold type. A particular emphasis is made on crystallographic structures and the observed binding modes of these compounds, including conserved water molecules present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos G Neochoritis
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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