1
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Donati G, Viviano M, D'Amore VM, Cipriano A, Diakogiannaki I, Amato J, Tomassi S, Brancaccio D, Russomanno P, Di Leva FS, Arosio D, Seneci P, Taliani S, Magiera-Mularz K, Musielak B, Skalniak L, Holak TA, Castellano S, La Pietra V, Marinelli L. A combined approach of structure-based virtual screening and NMR to interrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 axis: Biphenyl-benzimidazole containing compounds as novel PD-L1 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300583. [PMID: 38110703 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a game-changing approach for cancer treatment. Although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis have entered the market revolutionizing the treatment landscape of many cancer types, small molecules, although presenting several advantages including the possibility of oral administration and/or reduced costs, struggled to enter in clinical trials, suffering of water insolubility and/or inadequate potency compared with mAbs. Thus, the search for novel scaffolds for both the design of effective small molecules and possible synergistic strategies is an ongoing field of interest. In an attempt to find novel chemotypes, a virtual screening approach was employed, resulting in the identification of new chemical entities with a certain binding capability, the most versatile of which was the benzimidazole-containing compound 10. Through rational design, a small library of its derivatives was synthesized and evaluated. The homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay revealed that compound 17 shows the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 ) in the submicromolar range and notably, differently from the major part of PD-L1 inhibitors, exhibits satisfactory water solubility properties. These findings highlight the potential of benzimidazole-based compounds as novel promising candidates for PD-L1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Donati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Valeria La Pietra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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2
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Surmiak E, Ząber J, Plewka J, Wojtanowicz G, Kocik-Krol J, Kruc O, Muszak D, Rodríguez I, Musielak B, Viviano M, Castellano S, Skalniak L, Magiera-Mularz K, Holak TA, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J. Solubilizer Tag Effect on PD-L1/Inhibitor Binding Properties for m-Terphenyl Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:36-44. [PMID: 38229762 PMCID: PMC10788941 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although heavily studied, the subject of anti-PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitors is still elusive. Here we present a systematic overview of the principles behind successful anti-PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitor design on the example of the m-terphenyl scaffold, with a particular focus on the neglected influence of the solubilizer tag on the overall affinity toward PD-L1. The inhibitor developed according to the proposed guidelines was characterized through its potency in blocking PD-1/PD-L1 complex formation in homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence and cell-based assays. The affinity is also explained based on the crystal structure of the inhibitor itself and its costructure with PD-L1 as well as a molecular modeling study. Our results structuralize the knowledge related to the strong pharmacophore feature of the m-terphenyl scaffold preferential geometry and the more complex role of the solubilizer tag in PD-L1 homodimer stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Surmiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Julia Ząber
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wojtanowicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik-Krol
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Oskar Kruc
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Damian Muszak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ismael Rodríguez
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84085 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84085 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Tad A. Holak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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3
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Rodriguez I, Kocik-Krol J, Skalniak L, Musielak B, Wisniewska A, Ciesiołkiewicz A, Berlicki Ł, Plewka J, Grudnik P, Stec M, Siedlar M, Holak TA, Magiera-Mularz K. Structural and biological characterization of pAC65, a macrocyclic peptide that blocks PD-L1 with equivalent potency to the FDA-approved antibodies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:150. [PMID: 37679783 PMCID: PMC10483858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immuno-oncology have opened up new and impressive treatment options for cancer. Notwithstanding, overcoming the limitations of the current FDA-approved therapies with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway continues to lead to the testing of multiple approaches and optimizations. Recently, a series of macrocyclic peptides have been developed that exhibit binding strengths to PD-L1 ranging from sub-micromolar to micromolar. In this study, we present the most potent non-antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibitor reported to date. The structural and biological characterization of this macrocyclic PD-L1 targeting peptide provides the rationale for inhibition of both PD-1/PD-L1 and CD80/PD-L1 complexes. The IC50 and EC50 values obtained in PD-L1 binding assays indicate that the pAC65 peptide has potency equivalent to the current FDA-approved mAbs and may have similar activity to the BMS986189 peptide, which entered the clinical trial and has favorable safety and pharmacokinetic data. The data presented here delineate the generation of similar peptides with improved biological activities and applications not only in the field of cancer immunotherapy but also in other disorders related to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Rodriguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik-Krol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Aneta Wisniewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ciesiołkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stec
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
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4
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Ważyńska MA, Butera R, Requesens M, Plat A, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Neochoritis CG, Plewka J, Skalniak L, Kocik-Krol J, Musielak B, Magiera-Mularz K, Rodriguez I, Blok SN, de Bruyn M, Nijman HW, Elsinga PH, Holak TA, Dömling A. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-4-phenylthiophene-3-carbonitrile as PD-L1 Antagonist and Its Comparison to Available Small Molecular PD-L1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37450644 PMCID: PMC10388299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In search of a potent small molecular PD-L1 inhibitor, we designed and synthesized a compound based on a 2-hydroxy-4-phenylthiophene-3-carbonitrile moiety. Ligand's performance was tested in vitro and compared side-by-side with a known PD-L1 antagonist with a proven bioactivity BMS1166. Subsequently, we modified both compounds to allow 18F labeling that could be used for PET imaging. Radiolabeling, which is used in drug development and diagnosis, was applied to investigate the properties of those ligands and test them against tissue sections with diverse expression levels of PD-L1. We confirmed biological activity toward hPD-L1 for this inhibitor, comparable with BMS1166, while holding enhanced pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Ważyńska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Butera
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Requesens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien Plat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FZ Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik-Krol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. St. Łojasiewicz St 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ismael Rodriguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. St. Łojasiewicz St 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Simon N Blok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and MolecularImaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and MolecularImaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc 77900, Czech Republic
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5
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Surmiak E, Magiera-Mularz K, Musielak B, Muszak D, Kocik-Krol J, Kitel R, Plewka J, Holak TA, Skalniak L. PD-L1 Inhibitors: Different Classes, Activities, and Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111797. [PMID: 34769226 PMCID: PMC8583776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction has become an established strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Although hundreds of small-molecule, peptide, and peptidomimetic inhibitors have been proposed in recent years, only a limited number of drug candidates show good PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity in cell-based assays. In this article, we compare representative molecules from different classes in terms of their PD-1/PD-L1 dissociation capacity measured by HTRF and in vitro bioactivity determined by the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) co-culture assay. We point to recent discoveries that underscore important differences in the mechanisms of action of these molecules and also indicate one principal feature that needs to be considered, which is the eventual human PD-L1 specificity.
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6
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Muszak D, Surmiak E, Plewka J, Magiera-Mularz K, Kocik-Krol J, Musielak B, Sala D, Kitel R, Stec M, Weglarczyk K, Siedlar M, Dömling A, Skalniak L, Holak TA. Terphenyl-Based Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11614-11636. [PMID: 34313116 PMCID: PMC8365601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We describe a new
class of potent PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors based on
a terphenyl scaffold that is derived from the rigidified biphenyl-inspired
structure. Using in silico docking, we designed and
then experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of the terphenyl-based
scaffolds in inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 complex formation using various
biophysical and biochemical techniques. We also present a high-resolution
structure of the complex of PD-L1 with one of our most potent inhibitors
to identify key PD-L1/inhibitor interactions at the molecular level.
In addition, we show the efficacy of our most potent inhibitors in
activating the antitumor response using primary human immune cells
from healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Muszak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik-Krol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Sala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kitel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stec
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Weglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Magiera-Mularz K, Kocik J, Musielak B, Plewka J, Sala D, Machula M, Grudnik P, Hajduk M, Czepiel M, Siedlar M, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Human and mouse PD-L1: similar molecular structure, but different druggability profiles. iScience 2020; 24:101960. [PMID: 33437940 PMCID: PMC7788105 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of PD-L1-blocking therapeutics, it is essential to transfer initial in vitro findings into proper in vivo animal models. Classical immunocompetent mice are attractive due to high accessibility and low experimental costs. However, it is unknown whether inter-species differences in PD-L1 sequence and structure would allow for human-mouse cross applications. Here, we disclose the first structure of the mouse (m) PD-L1 and analyze its similarity to the human (h) PD-L1. We show that mPD-L1 interacts with hPD-1 and provides a negative signal toward activated Jurkat T cells. We also show major differences in druggability between the hPD-L1 and mPD-L1 using therapeutic antibodies, a macrocyclic peptide, and small molecules. Our study indicates that while the amino acid sequence is well conserved between the hPD-L1 and mPD-L1 and overall structures are almost identical, crucial differences determine the interaction with anti-PD-L1 agents, that cannot be easily predicted in silico. Mouse (m) PD-L1 interacts with human (h) PD-1 and inhibits human Jurkat T cells Small molecule and macrocyclic peptide inhibitors of hPD-L1 do not bind to mPD-L1 Atezolizumab but not durvalumab binds and blocks mouse PD-L1
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Sala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Machula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Malopolska Center of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Hajduk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Konieczny M, Musielak B, Kocik J, Skalniak L, Sala D, Czub M, Magiera-Mularz K, Rodriguez I, Myrcha M, Stec M, Siedlar M, Holak TA, Plewka J. Di-bromo-Based Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11271-11285. [PMID: 32936638 PMCID: PMC7584369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Immune checkpoint blockade is one
of the most promising strategies
of cancer immunotherapy. However, unlike classical targeted therapies,
it is currently solely based on expensive monoclonal antibodies, which
often inflict immune-related adverse events. Herein, we propose a
novel small-molecule inhibitor targeted at the most clinically relevant
immune checkpoint, PD-1/PD-L1. The compound is capable of disrupting
the PD-1/PD-L1 complex by antagonizing PD-L1 and, therefore, restores
activation of T cells similarly to the antibodies, while being cheap
in production and possibly nonimmunogenic. The final compound is significantly
smaller than others reported in the literature while being nontoxic
to cells even at high concentrations. The scaffold was designed using
a structure–activity relationship screening cascade based on
a new antagonist-induced dissociation NMR assay, called the weak-AIDA-NMR.
Weak-AIDA-NMR finds true inhibitors, as opposed to only binders to
the target protein, in early steps of lead compound development, and
this process makes it less time and cost consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Konieczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Dominik Sala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Miroslawa Czub
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | | | - Ismael Rodriguez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Maja Myrcha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stec
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow 30-663, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow 30-663, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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9
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Ricardo MG, Ali AM, Plewka J, Surmiak E, Labuzek B, Neochoritis CG, Atmaj J, Skalniak L, Zhang R, Holak TA, Groves M, Rivera DG, Dömling A. Multicomponent Peptide Stapling as a Diversity‐Driven Tool for the Development of Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G. Ricardo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Center for Natural Product ResearchUniversity of Havana Cuba
| | - Ameena M. Ali
- Department of PharmacyDrug Design group, University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Beata Labuzek
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Department of PharmacyDrug Design group, University of Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Crete Greece
| | - Jack Atmaj
- Department of PharmacyDrug Design group, University of Groningen The Netherlands
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | | | - Ran Zhang
- Department of PharmacyDrug Design group, University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Matthew Groves
- Department of PharmacyDrug Design group, University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Daniel G. Rivera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Center for Natural Product ResearchUniversity of Havana Cuba
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of PharmacyDrug Design group, University of Groningen The Netherlands
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10
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Ricardo MG, Ali AM, Plewka J, Surmiak E, Labuzek B, Neochoritis CG, Atmaj J, Skalniak L, Zhang R, Holak TA, Groves M, Rivera DG, Dömling A. Multicomponent Peptide Stapling as a Diversity-Driven Tool for the Development of Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5235-5241. [PMID: 31944488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stapled peptides are chemical entities in-between biologics and small molecules, which have proven to be the solution to high affinity protein-protein interaction antagonism, while keeping control over pharmacological performance such as stability and membrane penetration. We demonstrate that the multicomponent reaction-based stapling is an effective strategy for the development of α-helical peptides with highly potent dual antagonistic action of MDM2 and MDMX binding p53. Such a potent inhibitory activity of p53-MDM2/X interactions was assessed by fluorescence polarization, microscale thermophoresis, and 2D NMR, while several cocrystal structures with MDM2 were obtained. This MCR stapling protocol proved efficient and versatile in terms of diversity generation at the staple, as evidenced by the incorporation of both exo- and endo-cyclic hydrophobic moieties at the side chain cross-linkers. The interaction of the Ugi-staple fragments with the target protein was demonstrated by crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Ricardo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Center for Natural Product Research, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - Ameena M Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Labuzek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Constantinos G Neochoritis
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of, Crete, Greece
| | - Jack Atmaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tad A Holak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Matthew Groves
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Center for Natural Product Research, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Musielak B, Kocik J, Skalniak L, Magiera-Mularz K, Sala D, Czub M, Stec M, Siedlar M, Holak TA, Plewka J. CA-170 - A Potent Small-Molecule PD-L1 Inhibitor or Not? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152804. [PMID: 31374878 PMCID: PMC6695792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CA-170 is currently the only small-molecule modulator in clinical trials targeting PD-L1 and VISTA proteins – important negative checkpoint regulators of immune activation. The reported therapeutic results to some extent mimic those of FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies overcoming the limitations of the high production costs and adverse effects of the latter. However, no conclusive biophysical evidence proving the binding to hPD-L1 has ever been presented. Using well-known in vitro methods: NMR binding assay, HTRF and cell-based activation assays, we clearly show that there is no direct binding between CA-170 and PD-L1. To strengthen our reasoning, we performed control experiments on AUNP-12 – a 29-mer peptide, which is a precursor of CA-170. Positive controls consisted of the well-documented small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors: BMS-1166 and peptide-57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Musielak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Sala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Miroslawa Czub
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stec
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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12
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Basu S, Yang J, Xu B, Magiera-Mularz K, Skalniak L, Musielak B, Kholodovych V, Holak TA, Hu L. Design, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Structural Studies of C2-Symmetric Small Molecule Inhibitors of Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7250-7263. [PMID: 31298541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of C2-symmetric inhibitors was designed and evaluated for inhibitory activity against the programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) protein-protein interaction (PPI) in a homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay and PD-1 signaling in cell-based coculture assays. C2-symmetric inhibitors 2a (LH1306) and 2b (LH1307) exhibited IC50 values of 25 and 3.0 nM, respectively, in the HTRF assay. While 2a was ∼3.8-fold more potent than previously reported inhibitor 1a, 2b could not be differentiated from 1b due to their high potency and the limit of our HTRF assay conditions. In one cell-based coculture PD-1 signaling assay, 2a and 2b were 8.2- and 2.8-fold more potent in inhibiting PD-1 signaling than 1a and 1b, respectively. NMR and X-ray cocrystal structural studies provided more structural insights into the interaction between 2b and PD-L1; 2b binds to PD-L1 at the PD-1 binding site and induces the formation of a more symmetrically arranged PD-L1 homodimer than that previously reported for other inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | | | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Longqin Hu
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
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13
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Kocik J, Machula M, Wisniewska A, Surmiak E, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Helping the Released Guardian: Drug Combinations for Supporting the Anticancer Activity of HDM2 (MDM2) Antagonists. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071014. [PMID: 31331108 PMCID: PMC6678622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein p53, known as the “Guardian of the Genome”, plays an important role in maintaining DNA integrity, providing protection against cancer-promoting mutations. Dysfunction of p53 is observed in almost every cancer, with 50% of cases bearing loss-of-function mutations/deletions in the TP53 gene. In the remaining 50% of cases the overexpression of HDM2 (mouse double minute 2, human homolog) protein, which is a natural inhibitor of p53, is the most common way of keeping p53 inactive. Disruption of HDM2-p53 interaction with the use of HDM2 antagonists leads to the release of p53 and expression of its target genes, engaged in the induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis, however, is restricted to only a handful of p53wt cells, and, generally, cancer cells treated with HDM2 antagonists are not efficiently eliminated. For this reason, HDM2 antagonists were tested in combinations with multiple other therapeutics in a search for synergy that would enhance the cancer eradication. This manuscript aims at reviewing the recent progress in developing strategies of combined cancer treatment with the use of HDM2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Machula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Wisniewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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15
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Skalniak L, Twarda-Clapa A, Neochoritis CG, Surmiak E, Machula M, Wisniewska A, Labuzek B, Ali AM, Krzanik S, Dubin G, Groves M, Dömling A, Holak TA. A fluorinated indole-based MDM2 antagonist selectively inhibits the growth of p53 wt osteosarcoma cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:1360-1374. [PMID: 30715803 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The p53 protein is engaged in the repair of DNA mutations and elimination of heavily damaged cells, providing anticancer protection. Dysregulation of p53 activity is a crucial step in carcinogenesis. This dysregulation is often caused by the overexpression of negative regulators of p53, among which MDM2 is the most prominent one. Antagonizing MDM2 with small molecules restores the activity of p53 in p53 wild-type (p53wt ) cells and thus provides positive outcomes in the treatment of p53wt cancers. Previously, we have reported the discovery of a panel of fluoro-substituted indole-based antagonists of MDM2. Here, we demonstrate the biological activity and stereoselectivity of the most active compound from this series. Both enantiomers of the esterified form of the compound, as well as its corresponding carboxylic acids, were found active in fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay, with Ki and KD values around 1 μm. From these four compounds, the esterified enantiomer (R)-5a was active in cells, which was evidenced by the increase of p53 levels, the induced expression of p53-target genes (CDKN1A and MDM2), the selective induction of cell cycle arrest, and selective growth inhibition of p53wt U-2 OS and SJSA-1 compared to p53del SAOS-2 cells. The analysis of the crystal structure of human MDM2 in complex with the compound (R)-6a (carboxylic acid of the active (R)-5a compound) revealed the classical three-finger binding mode. Altogether, our data demonstrate the activity of the compound and provide the structural basis for further structure optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Ewa Surmiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Machula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Beata Labuzek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ameena M Ali
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylwia Krzanik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Matthew Groves
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tad A Holak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Skalniak L, Kocik J, Polak J, Skalniak A, Rak M, Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Holak TA. Prolonged Idasanutlin (RG7388) Treatment Leads to the Generation of p53-Mutated Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110396. [PMID: 30352966 PMCID: PMC6266412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein p53 protects the organism against carcinogenic events by the induction of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair program upon DNA damage. Virtually all cancers inactivate p53 either by mutations/deletions of the TP53 gene or by boosting negative regulation of p53 activity. The overexpression of MDM2 protein is one of the most common mechanisms utilized by p53wt cancers to keep p53 inactive. Inhibition of MDM2 action by its antagonists has proved its anticancer potential in vitro and is now tested in clinical trials. However, the prolonged treatment of p53wt cells with MDM2 antagonists leads to the development of secondary resistance, as shown first for Nutlin-3a, and later for three other small molecules. In the present study, we show that secondary resistance occurs also after treatment of p53wt cells with idasanutlin (RG7388, RO5503781), which is the only MDM2 antagonist that has passed phase II and entered phase III clinical trials, so far. Idasanutlin strongly activates p53, as evidenced by the induction of p21 expression and potent cell cycle arrest in all the three cell lines tested, i.e., MCF-7, U-2 OS, and SJSA-1. Notably, apoptosis was induced only in SJSA-1 cells, while MCF-7 and U-2 OS cells were able to restore the proliferation upon the removal of idasanutlin. Moreover, idasanutlin-treated U-2 OS cells could be cultured for long time periods in the presence of the drug. This prolonged treatment led to the generation of p53-mutated resistant cell populations. This resistance was generated de novo, as evidenced by the utilization of monoclonal U-2 OS subpopulations. Thus, although idasanutlin presents much improved activities compared to its precursor, it displays the similar weaknesses, which are limited elimination of cancer cells and the generation of p53-mutated drug-resistant subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Polak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Skalniak
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 17, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Rak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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17
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Kocik J, Rak M, Holak T, Skalniak L. PO-490 Treatment of P53 wild-type cells with P53-inducer idasanutlin® (RG7388) generates stable drug-resistant clones. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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18
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Skalniak L, Kocik J, Guzik K, Dubin G, Holak T. PO-432 Small molecules, peptides and antibodies – the comparison of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking potential in an in vitro immune checkpoint blockade assay. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Tomala MD, Magiera-Mularz K, Kubica K, Krzanik S, Zieba B, Musielak B, Pustula M, Popowicz GM, Sattler M, Dubin G, Skalniak L, Holak TA. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of USP2a. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29529503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
USP2a is a deubiquitinating protease that rescues its target proteins from destruction by the proteasome by reversing the process of protein ubiquitination. USP2a shows oncogenic properties in vivo and has been found to be a specific activator of cyclin D1. Many types of cancers are addicted to cyclin D1 expression. Targeting USP2a is a promising strategy for cancer therapy but little progress has been made in the field of inhibition of USP2a. Using NMR-based fragment screening and biophysical binding assays, we have discovered small molecules that bind to USP2a. Iterations of fragment combination and structure-driven design identified two 5-(2-thienyl)-3-isoxazoles as the inhibitors of the USP2a-ubiquitin protein-protein interaction. The affinity of these molecules for the catalytic domain of USP2a parallels their ability to interfere with USP2a binding to ubiquitin in vitro. Altogether, our results establish the 5-(2-thienyl)-3-isoxazole pharmacophore as an attractive starting point for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin D Tomala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kubica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Krzanik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zieba
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Pustula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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20
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Skalniak L, Smejda M, Cierniak A, Adamczyk A, Konieczny P, Madej E, Wolnicka-Glubisz A. p38 but not p53 is responsible for UVA-induced MCPIP1 expression. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:96-106. [PMID: 29103983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
MCPIP1 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Induced Protein) is an important regulator of inflammation and cell apoptosis, but its role in UVA-induced stress response in the epidermis has never been studied. We have found that moderate apoptosis-inducing dose of UVA (27J/cm2) increases the level of MCPIP1 expression in HaCaT cells and normal human keratinocytes (NHEK) within 6-9h after the treatment. MCPIP1 upregulation was dependent on the induction of p38, but not p53, as demonstrated by using p38 inhibitor SB203580 and p53 inducer RG7388, respectively. This increase was also blocked by antioxidants (α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid), suggesting the involvement of MCPIP1 in UVA-induced oxidative stress response. Si-RNA-mediated down-regulation of MCPIP1 expression in HaCaT cells resulted in increased sensitivity to UVA-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. This was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of p53 and p38 in MCPIP1-silenced cells following UVA irradiation. The activation of p38 in response to low doses of ultraviolet radiation was postulated to be protective for p53-inactive cells. Therefore, MCPIP1 may favor the survival of p53-defective HaCaT cells by sustaining the activation of p38. This creates a loop of mutual positive regulation between p38 and MCPIP1 protein in HaCaT cells, providing the protection against the consequences of UVA irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Smejda
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cierniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Adamczyk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczny
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Madej
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Magiera-Mularz K, Skalniak L, Zak KM, Musielak B, Rudzinska-Szostak E, Berlicki Ł, Kocik J, Grudnik P, Sala D, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Shaabani S, Dömling A, Dubin G, Holak TA. Bioactive Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13732-13735. [PMID: 28881104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the immunoinhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway using monoclonal antibodies has shown impressive results with durable clinical antitumor responses. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies have now been approved for the treatment of a number of tumor types, whereas the development of small molecules targeting immune checkpoints lags far behind. We characterized two classes of macrocyclic-peptide inhibitors directed at the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. We show that these macrocyclic compounds act by directly binding to PD-L1 and that they are capable of antagonizing PD-L1 signaling and, similarly to antibodies, can restore the function of T-cells. We also provide the crystal structures of two of these small-molecule inhibitors bound to PD-L1. The structures provide a rationale for the checkpoint inhibition by these small molecules, and a description of their small molecule/PD-L1 interfaces provides a blueprint for the design of small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Zak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Rudzinska-Szostak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Sala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 9, AV, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 9, AV, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 9, AV, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.,Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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22
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Magiera-Mularz K, Skalniak L, Zak KM, Musielak B, Rudzinska-Szostak E, Berlicki Ł, Kocik J, Grudnik P, Sala D, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Shaabani S, Dömling A, Dubin G, Holak TA. Bioactive Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Krzysztof M. Zak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7a 30-387 Krakow Poland
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Ewa Rudzinska-Szostak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Science and Technology; Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Science and Technology; Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7a 30-387 Krakow Poland
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Dominik Sala
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Krakow Poland
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department for Drug Design; University of Groningen; A. Deusinglaan 9 AV 9713 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department for Drug Design; University of Groningen; A. Deusinglaan 9 AV 9713 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department for Drug Design; University of Groningen; A. Deusinglaan 9 AV 9713 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7a 30-387 Krakow Poland
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Krakow Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18a 82152 Martinsried Germany
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23
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Skalniak L, Zak KM, Guzik K, Magiera K, Musielak B, Pachota M, Szelazek B, Kocik J, Grudnik P, Tomala M, Krzanik S, Pyrc K, Dömling A, Dubin G, Holak TA. Small-molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint alleviate the PD-L1-induced exhaustion of T-cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72167-72181. [PMID: 29069777 PMCID: PMC5641120 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint achieved spectacular success in anticancer therapy in the recent years. In contrast, no small molecules with cellular activity have been reported so far. Here we provide evidence that small molecules are capable of alleviating the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint-mediated exhaustion of Jurkat T-lymphocytes. The two optimized small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, BMS-1001 and BMS-1166, developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb, bind to human PD-L1 and block its interaction with PD-1, when tested on isolated proteins. The compounds present low toxicity towards tested cell lines and block the interaction of soluble PD-L1 with the cell surface-expressed PD-1. As a result, BMS-1001 and BMS-1166 alleviate the inhibitory effect of the soluble PD-L1 on the T-cell receptor-mediated activation of T-lymphocytes. Moreover, the compounds were effective in attenuating the inhibitory effect of the cell surface-associated PD-L1. We also determined the X-ray structures of the complexes of BMS-1001 and BMS-1166 with PD-L1, which revealed features that may be responsible for increased potency of the compounds compared to their predecessors. Further development may lead to the design of an anticancer therapy based on the orally delivered immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Zak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pachota
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Szelazek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Tomala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Krzanik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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24
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Guzik K, Zak KM, Grudnik P, Magiera K, Musielak B, Törner R, Skalniak L, Dömling A, Dubin G, Holak TA. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) Interaction via Transiently Induced Protein States and Dimerization of PD-L1. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5857-5867. [PMID: 28613862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway with monoclonal antibodies has provided significant advances in cancer treatment. The antibody-based immunotherapies carry a number of disadvantages such as the high cost of the antibodies, their limited half-life, and immunogenicity. Development of small-molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors that could overcome these drawbacks is slow because of the incomplete structural information for this pathway. The first chemical PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been recently disclosed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Here we present NMR and X-ray characterization for the two classes of these inhibitors. The X-ray structures of the PD-L1/inhibitor complexes reveal one inhibitor molecule located at the center of the PD-L1 homodimer, filling a deep hydrophobic channel-like pocket between two PD-L1 molecules. Derivatives of (2-methyl-3-biphenylyl)methanol exhibit the structures capped on one side of the channel, whereas the compounds based on [3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-methylphenyl]methanol induce an enlarged interaction interface that results in the open "face-back" tunnel through the PD-L1 dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Guzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Zak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ricarda Törner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department for Drug Design, University of Groningen , A. Deusinglaan 9, AV 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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25
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Twarda-Clapa A, Krzanik S, Kubica K, Guzik K, Labuzek B, Neochoritis CG, Khoury K, Kowalska K, Czub M, Dubin G, Dömling A, Skalniak L, Holak TA. 1,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazole-Based p53–MDM2/MDMX Antagonists with Aliphatic Linkers for Conjugation with Biological Carriers. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4234-4244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Twarda-Clapa
- Faculty
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Krzanik
- Faculty
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kubica
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guzik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Labuzek
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Department
of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kareem Khoury
- Department
of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaja Kowalska
- Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslawa Czub
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Faculty
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department
of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
- Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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26
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Magiera K, Tomala M, Kubica K, De Cesare V, Trost M, Zieba BJ, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Les M, Dubin G, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Lithocholic Acid Hydroxyamide Destabilizes Cyclin D1 and Induces G 0/G 1 Arrest by Inhibiting Deubiquitinase USP2a. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:458-470.e18. [PMID: 28343940 PMCID: PMC5404848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
USP2a is a deubiquitinase responsible for stabilization of cyclin D1, a crucial regulator of cell-cycle progression and a proto-oncoprotein overexpressed in numerous cancer types. Here we report that lithocholic acid (LCA) derivatives are inhibitors of USP proteins, including USP2a. The most potent LCA derivative, LCA hydroxyamide (LCAHA), inhibits USP2a, leading to a significant Akt/GSK3β-independent destabilization of cyclin D1, but does not change the expression of p27. This leads to the defects in cell-cycle progression. As a result, LCAHA inhibits the growth of cyclin D1-expressing, but not cyclin D1-negative cells, independently of the p53 status. We show that LCA derivatives may be considered as future therapeutics for the treatment of cyclin D1-addicted p53-expressing and p53-defective cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Tomala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kubica
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Virginia De Cesare
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Bartosz J Zieba
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Les
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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27
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Bugara B, Konieczny P, Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Eckhart L, Fischer H, Skalniak L, Borowczyk-Michalowska J, Drukala J, Jura J. MCPIP1 contributes to the inflammatory response of UVB-treated keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:10-18. [PMID: 28377026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1), also known as regnase-1, negatively regulates many cellular processes including the cellular response to inflammatory agents, differentiation, viability, and proliferation. It possesses a PilT N-terminus (PIN) domain that is directly involved in regulating the stability of transcripts and miRNAs by recognizing stem loop structures and degrading them by endonucleolytic cleavage. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of MCPIP1 in the response of human primary keratinocytes to UVB stress. METHODS Keratinocytes were treated with UVB, siRNA against MCPIP1, pharmacological inhibitors of signaling pathways, or subjected to control treatments. The mRNA and protein levels of MCPIP1 and MCPIP1-dependent changes gene expression were analyzed by quantitative (Q)-RT-PCRs and Western blots. Secretion of TNFα and IL-8 was determined by ELISA. RESULTS UVB treatment of keratinocytes induced upregulation of MCPIP1 at the mRNA level after 4-8h and at the protein level after 8-16h. MCPIP1 abundance depended on NF-κB activity. Using an siRNA strategy, we found that diminished MCPIP1 resulted in an up-regulation of transcripts coding for IL-8, TNFα, COX-2, and BCL-2, as well as an enhanced release of IL-8. Moreover, decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways were observed in addition to a slight up-regulation of ERK1/2 directly after UVB treatment. Twenty-four hours later, decreased phosphorylation was observed only for NF-κB and p38. Furthermore, in MCPIP1-suppressed cells, the levels of pro-apoptotic Puma, the phosphorylated form of p53 and the abundance of its target p21 as well as the activity of caspase 3 decreased, while the level of cyclin D1 increased. CONCLUSION MCPIP1 contributes to the UVB response of keratinocytes by altering metabolic and apoptotic processes and the release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bugara
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczny
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Fischer
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Borowczyk-Michalowska
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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28
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Skalniak L, Dziendziel M, Jura J. MCPIP1 contributes to the toxicity of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 in HeLa cells by the inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:253-63. [PMID: 24992982 PMCID: PMC4131145 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the treatment of cells with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 results in the induction of expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1). MCPIP1 is a ribonuclease, responsible for the degradation of transcripts encoding certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. The protein is also known as an inhibitor of NF-κB transcription factor. Thanks to its molecular properties, MCPIP1 is considered as a regulator of inflammation, differentiation, and survival. Using siRNA technology, we show here that MCPIP1 expression contributes to the toxic properties of MG-132 in HeLa cells. The inhibition of proteasome by MG-132 and epoxomicin markedly increased MCPIP1 expression. While MG-132 induces HeLa cell death, down-regulation of MCPIP1 expression by siRNA partially protects HeLa cells from MG-132 toxicity and restores Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, inhibited by MG-132 treatment. Inversely, overexpression of MCPIP1 decreased constitutive activity of NF-κB and limited the survival of HeLa cells, as we have shown in the previous study. Interestingly, although MG-132 decreased the expression of IκBα and increased p65 phosphorylation, the inhibition of constitutive NF-κB activity was observed in MG-132-treated cells. Since the elevated constitutive activity of NF-κB is one of the mechanisms providing increased survival of cancer cells, including HeLa cells, we propose that death-promoting properties of MCPIP1 in MG-132-treated HeLa cells may, at least partially, derive from the negative effect on the constitutive NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Konieczny P, Goralczyk AG, Szmyd R, Skalniak L, Koziel J, Filon FL, Crosera M, Cierniak A, Zuba-Surma EK, Borowczyk J, Laczna E, Drukala J, Pyza E, Semik D, Woznicka O, Klein A, Jura J. Effects triggered by platinum nanoparticles on primary keratinocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3963-75. [PMID: 24204135 PMCID: PMC3804571 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s49612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The platinum (Pt)-group elements (PGEs) represent a new kind of environmental pollutant and a new hazard for human health. Since their introduction as vehicle-exhaust catalysts, their emissions into the environment have grown considerably compared with their low natural concentration in the earth crust. PGE emissions from vehicle catalysts can be also in the form of nanometer-sized particles (Pt nanoparticles [PtNPs]). These elements, both in their metallic form or as ions solubilized in biological media, are now recognized as potent allergens and sensitizers. Human skin is always exposed to toxic particles; therefore, in the present study we addressed the question of whether polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated PtNPs may have any negative effects on skin cells, including predominantly epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, PtNPs of two sizes were used: 5.8 nm and 57 nm, in concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL. Both types of NPs were protected with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Primary keratinocytes were treated for 24 and 48 hours, then cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, morphology, metabolic activity, and changes in the activation of signaling pathways were investigated in PtNP-treated cells. We found that PtNPs trigger toxic effects on primary keratinocytes, decreasing cell metabolism, but these changes have no effects on cell viability or migration. Moreover, smaller NPs exhibited more deleterious effect on DNA stability than the big ones. Analyzing activation of caspases, we found changes in activity of caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 triggered mainly by smaller NPs. Changes were not so significant in the case of larger nanoparticles. Importantly, we found that PtNPs have antibacterial properties, as is the case with silver NPs (AgNPs). In comparison to our previous study regarding the effects of AgNPs on cell biology, we found that PtNPs do not exhibit such deleterious effects on primary keratinocytes as AgNPs and that they also can be used as potential antibacterial agents, especially in the treatment of Escherichia coli, representing a group of Gram-negative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Konieczny
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract
The proteasome is a protein complex responsible for the degradation of polyubiquitin-tagged proteins. Besides the removal of target proteins, the proteasome also participates in the regulation of gene transcription in both proteolytic and non-proteolytic fashion. In this study the effect of proteasome inhibition on the basal expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) was examined. Treatment of HepG2 or HeLa cells with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 resulted in a significant increase of MCPIP1 expression, both at mRNA and protein level. Interestingly, MG-132 did not alter MCPIP1 stability. Instead, the observed protein increase was blocked by actinomycin D, suggesting the involvement of de novo mRNA synthesis in the increase of MCPIP1 protein following MG-132 treatment. Using several inhibitors we determined the participation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 kinases in MCPIP1 upregulation by MG-132. Our findings show for the first time the impact of proteasome inhibition on MCPIP1 protein expression by modulation of the activity of intracellular signaling pathways. Overexpression of MCPIP1-myc protein decreased the viability of HeLa cells but not HepG2 cells, which correlates with the increased susceptibility of HeLa cells to MG-132 toxicity. Notably, both MG-132 treatment and MCPIP1-myc overexpression led to the activation of apoptosis, as revealed by the induction of caspases 3/7 in both types of cell lines. This suggests the involvement of MCPIP1 upregulation in toxic properties of proteasome inhibition, which is an acknowledged approach to the treatment of several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Szmyd R, Goralczyk AG, Skalniak L, Cierniak A, Lipert B, Filon FL, Crosera M, Borowczyk J, Laczna E, Drukala J, Klein A, Jura J. Effect of silver nanoparticles on human primary keratinocytes. Biol Chem 2013; 394:113-23. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many biological applications in biomedicine, biotechnology and other life sciences. Depending on the size, shape and the type of carrier, AgNPs demonstrate different physical and chemical properties. AgNPs have strong antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal activity, thus they are used extensively in a range of medical settings, particularly in wound dressings but also in cosmetics. This study was undertaken to examine the potential toxic effects of 15 nm polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs on primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Cells were treated with different concentrations of AgNPs and then cell viability, metabolic activity and other biological and biochemical aspects of keratinocytes functioning were studied. We observed that AgNPs decrease keratinocyte viability, metabolism and also proliferatory and migratory potential of these cells. Moreover, longer exposure resulted in activation of caspase 3/7 and DNA damage. Our studies show for the first time, that AgNPs may present possible danger for primary keratinocytes, concerning activation of genotoxic and cytotoxic processes depending on the concentration.
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Skalniak L, Gurgul-Convey E, Okreglicka K, Skalniak A, Jura J. Limited GADD45α expression and function in IL-1β toxicity towards insulin-producing cells. Acta Biochim Pol 2013; 60:595-602. [PMID: 24432310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD) 45 proteins are regulators of cell death and survival. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β strongly increases the level of the transcript encoding GADD45α in rat insulin-producing INS-1E cells. The activation of Gadd45α gene is clearly dependent on JNK and NF-κB activation and the synthesis of the secondary mediator nitric oxide (NO). Interestingly, the observed twelve-fold increase in the GADD45α-coding transcript level is not followed by increased expression of GADD45α at the protein level. An analysis of IL-1β toxicity in INS-1E cells overexpressing GADD45α revealed no correlation between the GADD45α protein level and the sensitivity to IL-1β toxicity. These findings suggest that the potential engagement of GADD45α in IL-1β toxicity towards beta cells is limited to the effects induced by the basal expression level of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Okreglicka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Skalniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Jura J, Skalniak L, Koj A. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) is a novel multifunctional modulator of inflammatory reactions. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1823:1905-13. [PMID: 22771441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generalized inflammatory response leads to activation of hundreds of genes transcribed in an established sequence in specialized cells. Transcriptome analysis of human monocyte-derived cells stimulated with IL-1beta or with monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) has led to the identification of a new inflammation-related gene ZC3H12A encoding a chain of 599 amino acids corresponding to a 66-kDa protein. The protein, given a provisional name of MCPIP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1), is expressed in several human and murine tissues such as bone marrow, spleen, heart and placenta. In in vivo studies, mice with inactivated MCPIP1-encoding gene showed growth retardation, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and enhanced inflammatory symptoms. Principal molecular features of MCPIP1 include a single zinc finger motif, an RNase-like PIN domain and ubiquitin-binding domain. Reports from independent laboratories suggest that MCPIP1 may function also as a deubiquitinase. Although MCPIP1 is regarded by some authors as a new transcription factor or cell differentiation factor modulating angiogenesis or adipogenesis, its principal function appears to be downregulation of inflammatory responses through at least two independent mechanisms: increased degradation of cytokine mRNAs and inhibition of LPS- and IL-1-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The interference with NF-kappaB activation is highly complex and includes TRAF6 and TANK interaction with the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of MCPIP1. Purified MCPIP1 protein was reported to degrade specific mRNA and cleave K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Although some structural features and the mechanism of action of MCPIP1 are not fully explained yet, its importance in the regulation of inflammatory reactions has been firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jura
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
A novel gene ZC3H12A, encoding MCP-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP), was recently identified in human peripheral blood monocytes treated with monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and in human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta. These experiments revealed that the gene undergoes rapid and potent transcription induction upon stimulation with proinflammatory molecules, such as MCP-1, IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha and lipopolysaccharide. Here we show that the induction of ZC3H12A by IL-1beta is predominantly NF-kappaB-dependent because inhibition of this signalling pathway results in the impairment of ZC3H12A transcription activation. Our results indicate the presence of an IL-1beta-responding region within the second intron of the ZC3H12A gene, which contains four functional NF-kappaB-binding sites. Therefore, we propose that this transcription enhancer transduces a ZC3H12A transcription-inducing signal after IL-1beta stimulation. Recent reports suggest that MCPIP acts as a negative regulator of inflammatory processes because it is engaged in the degradation of transcripts coding for certain proinflammatory cytokines. Our observations provide evidence for a novel negative feedback loop in the activation of NF-kappaB and point to potential significance of MCPIP in the treatment of various pathological states, such as diabetes or cancer that involve disturbances in the functioning of the NF-kappaB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Richter K, Soroka J, Skalniak L, Leskovar A, Hessling M, Reinstein J, Buchner J. Conserved conformational changes in the ATPase cycle of human Hsp90. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17757-65. [PMID: 18400751 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800540200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimeric molecular chaperone Hsp90 is required for the activation and stabilization of hundreds of substrate proteins, many of which participate in signal transduction pathways. The activation process depends on the hydrolysis of ATP by Hsp90. Hsp90 consists of a C-terminal dimerization domain, a middle domain, which may interact with substrate protein, and an N-terminal ATP-binding domain. A complex cycle of conformational changes has been proposed for the ATPase cycle of yeast Hsp90, where a critical step during the reaction requires the transient N-terminal dimerization of the two protomers. The ATPase cycle of human Hsp90 is less well understood, and significant differences have been proposed regarding key mechanistic aspects. ATP hydrolysis by human Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta is 10-fold slower than that of yeast Hsp90. Despite these differences, our experiments suggest that the underlying enzymatic mechanisms are highly similar. In both cases, a concerted conformational rearrangement involving the N-terminal domains of both subunits is controlling the rate of ATP turnover, and N-terminal cross-talk determines the rate-limiting steps. Furthermore, similar to yeast Hsp90, the slow ATP hydrolysis by human Hsp90s can be stimulated up to over 100-fold by the addition of the co-chaperone Aha1 from either human or yeast origin. Together, our results show that the basic principles of the Hsp90 ATPase reaction are conserved between yeast and humans, including the dimerization of the N-terminal domains and its regulation by the repositioning of the ATP lid from its original position to a catalytically competent one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Richter
- Center for Integrated Protein Science and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Skalniak L, Gurgul-Convey E, Okreglicka K, Skalniak A, Jura J. Limited GADD45α expression and function in IL-1β toxicity towards insulin-producing cells. Acta Biochim Pol 1970. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2013_2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD) 45 proteins are regulators of cell death and survival. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β strongly increases the level of the transcript encoding GADD45α in rat insulin-producing INS-1E cells. The activation of Gadd45α gene is clearly dependent on JNK and NF-κB activation and the synthesis of the secondary mediator nitric oxide (NO). Interestingly, the observed twelve-fold increase in the GADD45α-coding transcript level is not followed by increased expression of GADD45α at the protein level. An analysis of IL-1β toxicity in INS-1E cells overexpressing GADD45α revealed no correlation between the GADD45α protein level and the sensitivity to IL-1β toxicity. These findings suggest that the potential engagement of GADD45α in IL-1β toxicity towards beta cells is limited to the effects induced by the basal expression level of this protein.
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