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Hu J, Fu S, Zhan Z, Zhang J. Advancements in dual-target inhibitors of PI3K for tumor therapy: Clinical progress, development strategies, prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116109. [PMID: 38183777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) modify lipids by the phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids at the 3'-OH position, thereby participating in signal transduction and exerting effects on various physiological processes such as cell growth, metabolism, and organism development. PI3K activation also drives cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism, with genetic dysregulation of this pathway observed in diverse human cancers. Therefore, this target is considered a promising potential therapeutic target for various types of cancer. Currently, several selective PI3K inhibitors and one dual-target PI3K inhibitor have been approved and launched on the market. However, the majority of these inhibitors have faced revocation or voluntary withdrawal of indications due to concerns regarding their adverse effects. This article provides a comprehensive review of the structure and biological functions, and clinical status of PI3K inhibitors, with a specific emphasis on the development strategies and structure-activity relationships of dual-target PI3K inhibitors. The findings offer valuable insights and future directions for the development of highly promising dual-target drugs targeting PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Hu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Li S, Chen JS, Li X, Bai X, Shi D. MNK, mTOR or eIF4E-selecting the best anti-tumor target for blocking translation initiation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115781. [PMID: 37669595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of eIF4E is common in patients with various solid tumors and hematologic cancers. As a potential anti-cancer target, eIF4E has attracted extensive attention from researchers. At the same time, mTOR kinases inhibitors and MNK kinases inhibitors, which are directly related to regulation of eIF4E, have been rapidly developed. To explore the optimal anti-cancer targets among MNK, mTOR, and eIF4E, this review provides a detailed classification and description of the anti-cancer activities of promising compounds. In addition, the structures and activities of some dual-target inhibitors are briefly described. By analyzing the different characteristics of the inhibitors, it can be concluded that MNK1/2 and eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitors are superior to mTOR inhibitors. Simultaneous inhibition of MNK and eIF4E/eIF4G interaction may be the most promising anti-cancer method for targeting translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, PR China.
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3
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Fatima S, Zaki A, Madhav H, Khatoon BS, Rahman A, Manhas MW, Hoda N, Ali SM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of morpholinopyrimidine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19119-19129. [PMID: 37383684 PMCID: PMC10294549 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we outline the synthesis of a few 2-methoxy-6-((4-(6-morpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methyl)phenol derivatives and assess their anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage cells that have been stimulated by LPS. Among these newly synthesized morpholinopyrimidine derivatives, 2-methoxy-6-((4-methoxyphenyl)(4-(6-morpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol (V4) and 2-((4-fluorophenyl)(4-(6-morpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (V8) are two of the most active compounds which can inhibit the production of NO at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Our findings also showed that compounds V4 and V8 dramatically reduced iNOS and cyclooxygenase mRNA expression (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells; western blot analysis showed that the test compounds decreased the amount of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, hence inhibiting the inflammatory response. We find through molecular docking studies that the chemicals had a strong affinity for the iNOS and COX-2 active sites and formed hydrophobic interactions with them. Therefore, use of these compounds could be suggested as a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Almaz Zaki
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
- Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Bibi Shaguftah Khatoon
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Amity University Gurugram 122413 Haryana India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Mohd Wasif Manhas
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
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4
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Dai XJ, Xue LP, Ji SK, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zheng YC, Liu HM, Liu HM. Triazole-fused pyrimidines in target-based anticancer drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115101. [PMID: 36724635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of targeted drugs has featured prominently in the treatment of cancer, which is among the major causes of mortality globally. Triazole-fused pyrimidines, a widely-used class of heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents that target various cancer-associated targets in recent years, demonstrating them as valuable templates for discovering novel anticancer candidates. The current review concentrates on the latest advancements of triazole-pyrimidines as target-based anticancer agents, including works published between 2007 and the present (2007-2022). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and multiple pathways are also reviewed to shed light on the development of more effective and biotargeted anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei-Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
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5
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Occhiuzzi MA, Lico G, Ioele G, De Luca M, Garofalo A, Grande F. Recent advances in PI3K/PKB/mTOR inhibitors as new anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114971. [PMID: 36462440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical role of the PI3K/PKB/mTOR signalling pathway in cell-cycle regulation is now well known. During the onset and development of different forms of cancer it becomes overactive reducing apoptosis and allowing cell proliferation. Therefore, this pathway has become an important target for the treatment of various forms of malignant tumors, including breast cancer and follicular lymphoma. Recently, several more or less selective inhibitors targeting these proteins have been identified. In general, drugs that act on multiple targets within the entire pathway are more efficient than single targeting inhibitors. Multiple inhibitors exhibit high potency and limited drug resistance, resulting in promising anticancer agents. In this context, the present survey focuses on small molecule drugs capable of modulating the PI3K/PKB/mTOR signalling pathway, thus representing drugs or drug candidates to be used in the pharmacological treatment of different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernando Lico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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Yuan J, Song JY, Yang HH, Lan HR, Xing AP, Li KH, Zeng D, Zhang ZQ, Feng SY. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and DNA binding of novel Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes bearing pyrimidinyl hydrazone ligand. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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7
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Xu S, Sun X, Luo L, Yang Y, Guo Q, Tang S, Jiang Z, Li Y, Han J, Gan W, Yang F, Zhang X, Liu Y, Sun C, He J, Liu M, Zuo D, Zhu W, Wu Y. XS-2, a novel potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, exhibits high in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer activity and low toxicity with the potential to inhibit the invasion and migration of triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113537. [PMID: 36113258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer, surpassing lung cancer, with 2.26 million new breast cancers worldwide in 2020. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop effective molecularly targeted therapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer. In this paper, we designed, synthesized and screened a novel thiophene-triazine derivative, XS-2, as a potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancer. Also, XS-2 was found to be potentially effective against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vitro during the investigation. We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of XS-2 on 10 cancer cell lines by MTT and 6 kinases to investigated its in vivo antitumor activity in MCF-7 xenograft tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice. In addition, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity to mice was also assessed by hemolytic toxicity, H&E staining and blood biochemical analysis. In order to investigate the antitumor mechanism of XS-2, a series of experiments were carried out in vitro/in vivo animal model and molecular biological levels such as the cell cycle and the apoptosis assay, real-time PCR, western blot, docking and molecular simulations analysis, etc. What's more, wound healing assay, Transwell and Western Blot were applied to explore the ability of XS-2 to inhibit the cell invasion and migration. The results showed that XS-2 exhibited strong antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activities of XS-2 on ten cancer cell lines were ranging from 1.07 ± 0.11 to 0.002 ± 0.001 μM, which were 1565 times better than that of the lead compound GDC-0941, inhibitory activities against PI3Kα and mTOR kinases were 291.0 and 60.8 nM, respectively. Notably, XS-2 not only showed significant in vivo antitumor activity and low toxicity, with the tumor inhibition rate of 57.0 %, but also exhibited strong inhibitory in the expression of related proteins of PI3K pathway in tumor tissues. In addition, XS-2 significantly inhibited breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and inhibited the migration and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. More than that, XS-2 could inhibit the increase of the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin upregulated by EGF and reversed the E-cadherin expression down regulated by EGF, resulting in inhibiting EMT in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed that XS-2 was expected to be successfully developed as a high-efficiency and low-toxicity breast cancer therapeutic drug with the potential to inhibit the invasion and migration of TNBC. This provides a new research idea for the treatment of TNBC, which is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Leixuan Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiaqian Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenhui Gan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Feiyi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Chuanchuan Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jie He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Moradpour S, Aliaghaei A, Bigdeli M. Effect of Sertoli Cell Transplant and Rapamycin Pretreatment on Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Brain Ischemia in a Rat Model. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:1204-1211. [PMID: 34812711 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke exacts a heavy toll on death and disability worldwide. In animal studies, cell transplant has shown a positive effect by inducing neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and modulating inflammation. Cell transplant therapy could provide researchers with new strategies for treating stroke. The mechanistic target of rapamycin is a central signaling pathway for coordination and control; the administration of rapamycin, a key modulator of this pathway, could be a new therapeutic approach in neurological disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult rats were grouped into 5 main groups: control, sham, rapamycin receiving, Sertoli cell receiving, and rapamycin plus Sertoli cell receiving groups. Sertoli cells were taken from another rat tissue and injected into the right striatum region. After 5 days, ischemic induction was performed, and rapamycin injection (300 mg/kg) was performed 1 hour before surgery. After 24 hours, some regions of the brain, including the cortex, striatum, and piriform cortex-amygdala, were isolated for evaluation. RESULTS Our results showed that infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability assessments were significantly reduced in some areas of the brain in rats that received rapamycin plus Sertoli cells compared with results shown in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with Sertoli cell transplant plus rapamycin injection may enhance neural survival during ischemia through increased glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and increasing autophagy performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moradpour
- From the Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Borsari C, De Pascale M, Wymann MP. Chemical and Structural Strategies to Selectively Target mTOR Kinase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2744-2759. [PMID: 34114360 PMCID: PMC8518124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is implicated in cancer and neurological disorder, which identifies mTOR inhibition as promising strategy for the treatment of a variety of human disorders. First-generation mTOR inhibitors include rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogs) which act as allosteric inhibitors of TORC1. Structurally unrelated, ATP-competitive inhibitors that directly target the mTOR catalytic site inhibit both TORC1 and TORC2. Here, we review investigations of chemical scaffolds explored for the development of highly selective ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKi). Extensive medicinal chemistry campaigns allowed to overcome challenges related to structural similarity between mTOR and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. A broad region of chemical space is covered by TORKi. Here, the investigation of chemical substitutions and physicochemical properties has shed light on the compounds' ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). This work provides insights supporting the optimization of TORKi for the treatment of cancer and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 284058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Martina De Pascale
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 284058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Matthias P. Wymann
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 284058BaselSwitzerland
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10
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Yuan J, Yang HH, Li KH, Song JY, Lan HR, Kou HZ. Novel iron(III) complexes based on 2-hydrazinylpyrimidine derivative: Synthesis, characterization and preliminary evaluation of antitumor activity. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Xu C, Zhou W, Dong G, Qiao H, Peng J, Jia P, Li Y, Liu H, Sun K, Zhao W. Novel [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing hydrazone fragment as potent and selective anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104424. [PMID: 33161253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, based on molecular hybridization, a series of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing hydrazine was synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against 5 cancer cell lines (MGC-803, PC3, PC9, EC9706 and SMMC-7721) were evaluated. We found that most of them exhibited obvious growth inhibition effects on these tested cancer cells, especially compound 34 on PC3 cells (IC50 = 26.25 ± 0.28 nM). Meanwhile, compound 34 displayed best selectivity on PC3, compared with the other cancer cell lines, as well as excellent selectivity towards normal cell lines (Het-1A, L02 and GES-1). Further investigations demonstrated that 34 could significantly inhibit PC3 cells' colony formation, increase cellular ROS content, suppress EGFR expression and induce apoptosis. Our findings indicate that 34 may serve as a novel lead compound for the discovery of more triazolopyrimidine derivatives with improved anticancer potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Guanjun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jiadi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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12
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing aroyl hydrazone or aryl hydrazide moieties for PI3K and mTOR dual inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104197. [PMID: 32927132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, PI3K and mTOR have been regarded as promising targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we designed and synthesized four series of novel thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives that containing aroyl hydrazone or aryl hydrazide moieties. These derivatives act as PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors, suggesting that they can be used as cancer therapeutic agents. All compounds were tested for anti-proliferative activity against four cancer cell lines. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted by varying the moieties at the C-6 and C-2 positions of the thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine core. It indicated that aryl hydrazide at C-6 position and 2-aminopyrimidine at C-2 position are optimal fragments. Compound 18b showed the most potent in vitro activity (PI3Kα IC50 = 0.46 nM, mTOR IC50 = 12 nM), as well as good inhibition against PC-3 (human prostate cancer), HCT-116 (human colorectal cancer), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer) cell lines. Furthermore, Annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining confirmed that 18b induces apoptosis in cytotoxic HCT-116 cells. Moreover, the influence of 18b on cell cycle distribution was assessed on the HCT-116 cell line, and a cell cycle arrest was observed at the G1/S phases.
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13
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Chen Y, Zhou X. Research progress of mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112820. [PMID: 32966896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase, which belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein family. mTOR exists as two types of protein complex: mTORC1 and mTORC2, which act as central controller regulating processes of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival and autophagy. The mTOR inhibitors block mTOR signaling pathway, producing anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, autophagy and apoptosis induction effects, thus mTOR inhibitors are mainly used in cancer therapy. At present, mTOR inhibitors are divided into four categories: Antibiotic allosteric mTOR inhibitors (first generation), ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors (second generation), mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors (second generation) and other new mTOR inhibitors (third generation). In this article, these four categories of mTOR inhibitors and their structures, properties and some clinical researches will be introduced. Among them, we focus on the structure of mTOR inhibitors and try to analyze the structure-activity relationship. mTOR inhibitors are classified according to their chemical structure and their contents are introduced systematically. Moreover, some natural products that have direct or indirect mTOR inhibitory activities are introduced together. In this article, we analyzed the target, binding mode and structure-activity relationship of each generation of mTOR inhibitors and proposed two hypothetic scaffolds (the inverted-Y-shape scaffold and the C-shape scaffold) for the second generation of mTOR inhibitors. These findings may provide some help or reference for drug designing, drug modification or the future development of mTOR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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14
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Mansour MA, Lasheen DS, Gaber HM, Abouzid KAM. Elaborating piperazinyl-furopyrimidine based scaffolds as phosphoinositol-3-kinase enzyme alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors to combat pancreatic cancer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32103-32112. [PMID: 35518146 PMCID: PMC9056536 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositol-3-kinase enzyme (PI3K) plays a crucial role in driving oncogenic growth in various mammalian cells, particularly pancreatic cells. In the current study a series of novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine based-compounds were designed and synthesized as potential PI3K-α inhibitors. In accordance to the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of known PI3K-α inhibitors, different linkers including amide, urea and ether were attached to a piperazinyl furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine core. The synthesized compounds that revealed moderate PI3K-α inhibitory activity were tested for their anti-proliferative activities against pancreatic carcinoma on the PANC-1 cell line. Compounds 7b and 8a showed the highest anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 4.5 μM and 6 μM, respectively and relatively, the best in vitro PI3K inhibition ability within the newly synthesized compounds. Additionally, all the newly synthesized final compounds were tested on 60 human cancer cell lines. A docking study was carried out on the PI3K-α active site showing a comparable binding mode to that of FDA approved PI3K-α inhibitors. These newly discovered lipid kinase inhibitors could be considered as potential candidates for the development of new targeted anticancer agents. Phosphoinositol-3-kinase alpha (PI3K-α) enzyme inhibition to combat pancreatic cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Hatem M Gaber
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt .,Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City Sadat City Menoufia Egypt
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15
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Crystal structure of ( E)-2-((2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)quinolin-1-ium perchlorate – methanol (1/1), C 15H 16N 5O 5Cl. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H16N5O5Cl, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.37210(10) Å, b = 13.30639(19) Å, c = 17.1682(2) Å, β = 97.2301(12)°, Z = 4, V = 1670.74(4) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1023, T = 173(1) K.
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16
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thienopyrimidine Derivatives as PI3Kα Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193422. [PMID: 31547116 PMCID: PMC6804295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Three series of novel thienopyrimidine derivatives 9a–l, 15a–l, and 18a–h were designed and synthesized, and their IC50 values against four cancer cell lines HepG-2, A549, PC-3, and MCF-7 were evaluated. Most compounds show moderate cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines. The most promising compound 9a showed moderate activity with IC50 values of 12.32 ± 0.96, 11.30 ± 1.19, 14.69 ± 1.32, and 9.80 ± 0.93 µM, respectively. The inhibitory activities of compounds 9a and 15a against PI3Kα and mTOR kinase were further evaluated. Compound 9a exhibited PI3Kα kinase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 9.47 ± 0.63 µM. In addition, docking studies of compounds 9a and 15a were also investigated.
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17
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Lee TD, Lee OW, Brimacombe KR, Chen L, Guha R, Lusvarghi S, Tebase BG, Klumpp-Thomas C, Robey RW, Ambudkar SV, Shen M, Gottesman MM, Hall MD. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:629-640. [PMID: 31515284 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs. Although US Food and Drug Administration guidelines require that potential interactions of investigational drugs with P-gp be explored, often this information does not enter the literature. In response, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify substrates of P-gp from a series of chemical libraries, testing a total of 10,804 compounds, most of which have known mechanisms of action. We used the CellTiter-Glo viability assay to test library compounds against parental KB-3-1 human cervical adenocarcinoma cells and the colchicine-selected subline KB-8-5-11 that overexpresses P-gp. KB-8-5-11 cells were also tested in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor (tariquidar) to assess reversibility of transporter-mediated resistance. Of the tested compounds, a total of 90 P-gp substrates were identified, including 55 newly identified compounds. Substrates were confirmed using an orthogonal killing assay against human embryonic kidney-293 cells overexpressing P-gp. We confirmed that AT7159 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), AT9283, (Janus kinase 2/3 inhibitor), ispinesib (kinesin spindle protein inhibitor), gedatolisib (PKI-587, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rampamycin inhibitor), GSK-690693 (AKT inhibitor), and KW-2478 (heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor) were substrates. In addition, we assessed direct ATPase stimulation. ABCG2 was also found to confer high levels of resistance to AT9283, GSK-690693, and gedatolisib, whereas ispinesib, AT7519, and KW-2478 were weaker substrates. Combinations of P-gp substrates and inhibitors were assessed to demonstrate on-target synergistic cell killing. These data identified compounds whose oral bioavailability or brain penetration may be affected by P-gp. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be expressed at barrier sites, where it acts to limit oral bioavailability and brain penetration of substrates. In order to identify novel compounds that are transported by P-gp, we developed a high-throughput screen using the KB-3-1 cancer cell line and its colchicine-selected subline KB-8-5-11. We screened the Mechanism Interrogation Plate (MIPE) library, the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) pharmaceutical collection (NPC), the NCATS Pharmacologically Active Chemical Toolbox (NPACT), and a kinase inhibitor library comprising 977 compounds, for a total of 10,804 compounds. Of the 10,804 compounds screened, a total of 90 substrates were identified of which 55 were novel. P-gp expression may adversely affect the oral bioavailability or brain penetration of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobie D Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Olivia W Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Bethilehem G Tebase
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Robert W Robey
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
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18
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Discovery of 4-phenyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives as potent and orally active PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:667-686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Yuan G, Lian Z, Liu Q, Lin X, Xie D, Song F, Wang X, Shao S, Zhou B, Li C, Li M, Yao G. Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR inhibitor PKI-402 inhibits breast cancer induced osteolysis. Cancer Lett 2019; 443:135-144. [PMID: 30540926 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis causes bone pain and pathological bone fracture in breast cancer patients with a serious complication. Previous studies have demonstrated that a novel phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR inhibitor PKI-402 suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the role of PKI-402 involved in osteolysis induced by breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we showed that treatment of PKI-402 led to significant decreases in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-specific gene expression in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by blocking the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Importantly, as evidenced by the observation that the administration of PKI-402 inhibited MDA-MB-231-induced osteolysis in vivo, PKI-402 exerted an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation and bone resorption, critical for cancer cells-induced bone destruction. These results strongly suggest that PKI-402 might have a therapeutic potential to inhibit breast cancer induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Zhen Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dantao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Fangming Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Siyuan Shao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chen Li
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Muyan Li
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Guanfeng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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20
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Garces AE, Stocks MJ. Class 1 PI3K Clinical Candidates and Recent Inhibitor Design Strategies: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4815-4850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimie E. Garces
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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21
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Vekariya MK, Vekariya RH, Patel KD, Raval NP, Shah PU, Rajani DP, Shah NK. Pyrimidine-Pyrazole Hybrids as Morpholinopyrimidine-Based Pyrazole Carboxamides: Synthesis, Characterisation, Docking, ADMET Study and Biological Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayur K. Vekariya
- Department of Chemistry; Gujarat University, Ahmedabad; Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rajesh H. Vekariya
- BlueORB Solution LLC; 1100 Corporate Square Drive Suite 123, Creve Coeur, Saint Louis MO 63132 USA
| | - Kinjal D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry; Gujarat University, Ahmedabad; Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Nirav P. Raval
- Department of Environmental Science; Gujarat University, Ahmedabad; Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Prapti U. Shah
- Department of Environmental Science; Gujarat University, Ahmedabad; Gujarat 380009 India
| | | | - Nisha K. Shah
- Department of Chemistry; Gujarat University, Ahmedabad; Gujarat 380009 India
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22
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Yu T, Li N, Wu C, Guan A, Li Y, Peng Z, He M, Li J, Gong Z, Huang L, Gao B, Hao D, Sun J, Pan Y, Shen L, Chan C, Lu X, Yuan H, Li Y, Li J, Chen S. Discovery of Pyridopyrimidinones as Potent and Orally Active Dual Inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541370 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and lead optimization of a series of pyridopyrimidinone derivatives are described as a novel class of efficacious dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, resulting in the discovery of 31. Compound 31 exhibited high enzyme activity against PI3K and mTOR, potent suppression of Akt and p70s6k phosphorylation in cell assays, and good pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, compound 31 demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a PC-3M tumor xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Ning Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Chengde Wu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Amy Guan
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yi Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zhengang Peng
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Miao He
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jie Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Dongling Hao
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jikui Sun
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Chichung Chan
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xiulian Lu
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tongji
Sci-tech Industrial Park, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Jining, Shandong 272073, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tongji
Sci-tech Industrial Park, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Jining, Shandong 272073, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tongji
Sci-tech Industrial Park, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Jining, Shandong 272073, China
| | - Jian Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 288 FuteZhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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23
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Liu Y, Wan WZ, Li Y, Zhou GL, Liu XG. Recent development of ATP-competitive small molecule phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7181-7200. [PMID: 27769061 PMCID: PMC5351699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase (PI3K) is the potential anticancer target in the PI3K/Akt/ mTOR pathway. Here we reviewed the ATP-competitive small molecule PI3K inhibitors in the past few years, including the pan Class I PI3K inhibitors, the isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and/or the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Lian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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24
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Gaonkar S, Savanur MA, Sunagar MG, Puthusseri B, Deshapande N, Nadaf AA, Khazi IAM. Exploring the potential of newly synthesized 4-methyl-6-morpholino-pyrimidine derivatives as antiproliferative agents. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-methyl-6-morpholinopyrimidine derivatives were synthesised and found to prevent cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Gaonkar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University
- Dharwad 580003
- India
| | | | | | - Bijesh Puthusseri
- CSIR-Central, Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore 570020
- India
| | | | - Afra A. Nadaf
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University
- Dharwad 580003
- India
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25
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Xie C, Chen X, Zheng M, Liu X, Wang H, Lou L. Pharmacologic characterization of SHR8443, a novel dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107977-107990. [PMID: 29296217 PMCID: PMC5746119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway occurs frequently in human cancer and contributes to resistance to antitumor therapy. Inhibition of key signaling proteins in this pathway therefore represents an attractive targeting strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we show that SHR8443, an imidazo [4,5-c] quinoline derivative, inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and PI3K, especially PI3Kα/δ/γ isoforms with picomolar potency, by binding to the ATP subunits of the respective enzymes. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by SHR8443 induced G1 phase arrest, autophagy and apoptosis, and resulted in broad anti-proliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells with different genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, SHR8443 overcame resistance to RAF/MEK inhibitors and exhibited synergistic antitumor activity in combination with RAF/MEK inhibitors in vitro. Compared with the well-known PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235, SHR8443 showed broader and stronger efficacy against carcinoma xenografts, including those resistant to anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab, in association with the inhibition of AKT and S6 phosphorylation in tumor tissues, and also caused no noticeable toxicity. Thus, our preclinical data show that SHR8443 is a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with pharmaceutical properties favorable for use as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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26
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Igei M, Bakavoli M, Shiri A, Ebrahimpour Z, Azizollahi H, Beyzaei H, Moghaddam-Manesh M. Synthesis of Some New Pyrimido[4,5-e]Tetrazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazine Derivatives via an S–N Type Smiles Rearrangement and their Antibacterial Evaluation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14742893137631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several new pyrimido[4,5-e]tetrazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives have been synthesised through heterocyclisation of 5-bromo-4,6-dichloropyrimidine with sodium 1-amino-1H-tetrazole-5-thiolate via an S–N type Smiles rearrangement. The synthesised products were evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity and the results show one of the derivatives is a moderately valuable compound with potential to be used as an antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoore Igei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakavoli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Azizollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Beyzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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27
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Lei F, Sun C, Xu S, Wang Q, OuYang Y, Chen C, Xia H, Wang L, Zheng P, Zhu W. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of novel 2-substituted-4-morpholino-7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as dual PI3Kα/mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:27-35. [PMID: 27043268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four series of 2-substituted-4-morpholino- 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (9-28) were designed, synthesized and their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and MS spectrum. All compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (A549, PC-3 and MCF-7). And four selected compounds (10, 11, 24, 27) were further evaluated for the IC50 values against PI3Kα and mTOR kinases. Seven of the target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antitumor activities against these three cancer cell lines. The most promising compound 11 showed good antitumor potency for A549, PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.52 ± 0.10 μM, 1.41 ± 0.10 μM, 4.82 ± 0.24 μM and moderate antitumor activities against PI3Kα/mTOR with IC50 values of 6.72 ± 0.30 μM and 0.94 ± 0.10 μM. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and docking studies indicated that aryl urea scaffolds had a significant impact on the antitumor activities, and aryl pyridine urea scaffolds produced the best potency. Variations in substitutions of the aryl group had a significant impact on the activity and 3-Cl-4-F or 3-CF3-4-Cl substitution was more preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Chengyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Yiqiang OuYang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Key Laboratory of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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28
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Reddy TL, Krishnarao PS, Rao GK, Bhimireddy E, Venkateswarlu P, Mohapatra DK, Yadav JS, Bhadra U, Bhadra MP. Para amino benzoic acid-derived self-assembled biocompatible nanoparticles for efficient delivery of siRNA. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6411-23. [PMID: 26491299 PMCID: PMC4608593 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s86238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of diseases can result from abnormal gene expression. One of the approaches for treating such diseases is gene therapy to inhibit expression of a particular gene in a specific cell population by RNA interference. Use of efficient delivery vehicles increases the safety and success of gene therapy. Here we report the development of functionalized biocompatible fluorescent nanoparticles from para amino benzoic acid nanoparticles for efficient delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA). These nanoparticles were non-toxic and did not interfere with progression of the cell cycle. The intrinsic fluorescent nature of these nanoparticles allows easy tracking and an opportunity for diagnostic applications. Human Bcl-2 siRNA was complexed with these nanoparticles to inhibit expression in cells at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Our findings indicated high gene transfection efficiency. These biocompatible nanoparticles allow targeted delivery of siRNA, providing an efficient vehicle for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teegala Lakshminarayan Reddy
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sivarama Krishnarao
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Garikapati Koteswara Rao
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Eswar Bhimireddy
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Venkateswarlu
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirpupati, India
| | - Debendra K Mohapatra
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - J S Yadav
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Utpal Bhadra
- Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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29
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Guo JL, Liu YY, Pei YZ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-(piperidin-4-yl)isoxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel PI3Kδ inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Singla P, Luxami V, Paul K. Triazine as a promising scaffold for its versatile biological behavior. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:39-57. [PMID: 26241876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among all heterocycles, the triazine scaffold occupies a prominent position, possessing a broad range of biological activities. Triazine is found in many potent biologically active molecules with promising biological potential like anti-inflammatory, anti-mycobacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer etc. which makes it an attractive scaffold for the design and development of new drugs. The wide spectrum of biological activity of this moiety has attracted attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. Due to these biological activities, their structure-activity relationship has generated interest among medicinal chemists and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules. The outstanding development of triazine derivatives in diverse diseases within very short span of time proves its magnitude for medicinal chemistry research. Therefore, these compounds have been synthesized as target structure by many researchers, and were further evaluated for their biological activities. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the biological potential of s-triazine derivatives, which could provide a low-height flying bird's eye view of the triazine derived compounds to a medicinal chemist, for a comprehensive and target oriented information for the development of clinically viable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinka Singla
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India.
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31
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Satz AL, Cai J, Chen Y, Goodnow R, Gruber F, Kowalczyk A, Petersen A, Naderi-Oboodi G, Orzechowski L, Strebel Q. DNA Compatible Multistep Synthesis and Applications to DNA Encoded Libraries. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1623-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianping Cai
- Roche Innovation Center, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Yi Chen
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Robert Goodnow
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Felix Gruber
- Roche Innovation Center, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | | | - Ann Petersen
- Roche Innovation Center, Basel 4070, Switzerland
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32
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Tian Q, Hoffmann U, Humphries T, Cheng Z, Hidber P, Yajima H, Guillemot-Plass M, Li J, Bromberger U, Babu S, Askin D, Gosselin F. A Practical, Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of a PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500366s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Tian
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ursula Hoffmann
- Pharma Technical
Development PTDCA, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Humphries
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pirmin Hidber
- Pharma Technical
Development PTDCA, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Yajima
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maud Guillemot-Plass
- Pharma Technical
Development PTDCA, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jane Li
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ulrike Bromberger
- Pharma Technical
Development PTDCA, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srinivasan Babu
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Askin
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Small Molecule
Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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33
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Asghari T, Bakavoli M, Rahimizadeh M, Eshghi H, Saberi S, Karimian A, Hadizadeh F, Ghandadi M. Synthesis and evaluation of a new series of 3,5-bis((5-bromo-6-methyl-2-t-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amines and their cyclized products 'pyrimidinylthio pyrimidotriazolothiadiazines' as 15- lipo-oxygenase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 85:216-24. [PMID: 24925519 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 3,5-bis((5-bromo-6-methyl-2-t-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amines and their cyclized products 'pyrimidinylthio pyrimidotriazolothiadiazines' were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential inhibitors of 15-lipo-oxygenase (15-LO). Their syntheses started by initial condensation of 2:1 equivalents of pyrimidine with triazole and subsequent nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atoms with secondary amines and finally cyclocondensation in the presence of NaNH2. The compounds 4d and 4f showed the best IC50 of 15-LO inhibition (IC50 = 9 and 12 μm, respectively). Compounds 4a-g were docked into 15-LO. We suggest that the hydrogen bonds in quaternary nitrogen of piperazine ring of compounds 4d and 4f appear to play major role in lipo-oxygenase inhibition by this set of synthesized analogs and hydrophobic nature of this protein's binding site should be considered in ongoing investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Asghari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran
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34
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Andrs M, Korabecny J, Jun D, Hodny Z, Bartek J, Kuca K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring. J Med Chem 2014; 58:41-71. [PMID: 25387153 DOI: 10.1021/jm501026z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) are two related families of kinases that play key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, migration, survival, and responses to diverse stresses including DNA damage. To design novel efficient strategies for treatment of cancer and other diseases, these kinases have been extensively studied. Despite their different nature, these two kinase families have related origin and share very similar kinase domains. Therefore, chemical inhibitors of these kinases usually carry analogous structural motifs. The most common feature of these inhibitors is a critical hydrogen bond to morpholine oxygen, initially present in the early nonspecific PI3K and PIKK inhibitor 3 (LY294002), which served as a valuable chemical tool for development of many additional PI3K and PIKK inhibitors. While several PI3K pathway inhibitors have recently shown promising clinical responses, inhibitors of the DNA damage-related PIKKs remain thus far largely in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 81, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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35
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Shao T, Wang J, Chen JG, Wang XM, Li H, Li YP, Li Y, Yang GD, Mei QB, Zhang SQ. Discovery of 2-methoxy-3-phenylsulfonamino-5-(quinazolin-6-yl or quinolin-6-yl)benzamides as novel PI3K inhibitors and anticancer agents by bioisostere. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:96-105. [PMID: 24530495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
2-Substituted-3-sulfonamino-5-(quinazolin-6-yl or quinolin-6-yl)benzamides have been proposed as novel structures of PI3K inhibitors and anticancer agents based on bioisostere. In the present study, 2-substituted-3-sulfonamino-5-(4-morpholinoquinazolin-6-yl)benzamides and 2-methoxy-3-sulfonamino-5-(4-morpholinoquinolin-6-yl)benzamides were synthesized. Their antiproliferative activities in vitro were evaluated via MTT assay against four human cancer cell lines, including A549, HCT-116, U-87 MG and KB. The SAR of the title compounds was preliminarily discussed. Compound 1a with potent antiproliferative activity was tested for its inhibitory activity against PI3K and mTOR and its effect on the AKT and p-AKT(473). The anticancer effect of 1a was evaluated in established nude mice U-87 MG xenograft model. The results suggest that compound 1a can significantly inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and tumor growth. These findings strongly support the assumption that title compounds are potent PI3K inhibitors and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Guang-De Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qi-Bing Mei
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, PR China.
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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36
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Yang W, Shu M, Wang Y, Wang R, Hu Y, Meng L, Lin Z. 3D-QSAR and docking studies of 3-Pyridine heterocyclic derivatives as potent PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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37
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Lv X, Ma X, Hu Y. Furthering the design and the discovery of small molecule ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors as an effective cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:991-1012. [PMID: 23668243 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, which is the key component of two distinct signaling complexes in cells; these complexes are the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Given the importance of these complexes in cellular growth, survival, motility, proliferation, protein synthesis and transcription, it is not surprising that they are impacted in multiple types of cancer. Studies on a number of ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors have suggested that these inhibitors have a therapeutic superiority to rapalogs (rapamycin analogs) in a number of cancers. AREAS COVERED This review provides insight into the binding of mTOR inhibitors with the ATP-binding site, for the benefit of future mTOR inhibitor design and discovery. The authors, furthermore, deduce that a hypothetical binding mode is from docking studies, co-crystal structures and the structure-activity relationships (SARs). The authors also highlight the preclinical and clinical development of hit/lead compounds, and the selectivity for representative mTOR inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION The structural analysis of mTOR is hampered by its large size and complexity. Further exploration of mTOR inhibitors may therefore require the combination of structure-based drug design (SBDD, based on the mTOR homology models), fragment-based drug design (FBDD) and analog synthesis. Recent studies suggested that the global inhibition of PI3Ks may be harmful to organisms. Therefore, the future discovery of dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors needs to ensure that inhibitors are both efficacious and have reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lv
- Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Hangzhou 310058, China
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38
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Wu F, Hou X, Luo H, Zhou M, Zhang W, Ding Z, Li R. Exploring the selectivity of PI3Kα and mTOR inhibitors by 3D-QSAR, molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA binding free energy decomposition. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Korsse SE, Peppelenbosch MP, van Veelen W. Targeting LKB1 signaling in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:194-210. [PMID: 23287572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 is a master kinase involved in cellular responses such as energy metabolism, cell polarity and cell growth. LKB1 regulates these crucial cellular responses mainly via AMPK/mTOR signaling. Germ-line mutations in LKB1 are associated with the predisposition of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in which patients develop gastrointestinal hamartomas and have an enormously increased risk for developing gastrointestinal, breast and gynecological cancers. In addition, somatic inactivation of LKB1 has been associated with sporadic cancers such as lung cancer. The exact mechanisms of LKB1-mediated tumor suppression remain so far unidentified; however, the inability to activate AMPK and the resulting mTOR hyperactivation has been detected in PJS-associated lesions. Therefore, targeting LKB1 in cancer is now mainly focusing on the activation of AMPK and inactivation of mTOR. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies show encouraging results regarding these approaches, which have even progressed to the initiation of a few clinical trials. In this review, we describe the functions, regulation and downstream signaling of LKB1, and its role in hereditary and sporadic cancers. In addition, we provide an overview of several AMPK activators, mTOR inhibitors and additional mechanisms to target LKB1 signaling, and describe the effect of these compounds on cancer cells. Overall, we will explain the current strategies attempting to find a way of treating LKB1-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Korsse
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical University Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Xuan W, Ding W, Hui HX, Zhang SQ. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of diaryl urea derivatives with a 4-methylpiperazinylcarbonyl moiety. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Pal I, Mandal M. PI3K and Akt as molecular targets for cancer therapy: current clinical outcomes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1441-58. [PMID: 22983389 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K-Akt pathway is a vital regulator of cell proliferation and survival. Alterations in the PIK3CA gene that lead to enhanced PI3K kinase activity have been reported in many human cancer types, including cancers of the colon, breast, brain, liver, stomach and lung. Deregulation of PI3K causes aberrant Akt activity. Therefore targeting this pathway could have implications for cancer treatment. The first generation PI3K-Akt inhibitors were proven to be highly effective with a low IC(50), but later, they were shown to have toxic side effects and poor pharmacological properties and selectivity. Thus, these inhibitors were only effective in preclinical models. However, derivatives of these first generation inhibitors are much more selective and are quite effective in targeting the PI3K-Akt pathway, either alone or in combination. These second-generation inhibitors are essentially a specific chemical moiety that helps to form a strong hydrogen bond interaction with the PI3K/Akt molecule. The goal of this review is to delineate the current efforts that have been undertaken to inhibit the various components of the PI3K and Akt pathway in different types of cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Our focus here is on these novel therapies and their inhibitory effects that depend upon their chemical nature, as well as their development towards clinical trials.
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Karlsson A, García-Echeverría C. Identification and Optimization of Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors. DESIGNING MULTI-TARGET DRUGS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734912-00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in cancer cells has been validated by epidemiological and experimental studies as an essential step towards the initiation and maintenance of human tumors. A number of intracellular components of this pathway have been targeted for anti-cancer drug discovery activities leading to the current panoply of clinical trials of PI3K/mTOR pathway modulators. The progress in the identification and development of early polypharmacology-based inhibitors that concomitantly target PI3K and mTOR is presented and discussed in this chapter.
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Synthesis of novel 4H-pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidines via a one-pot three-component condensation. Mol Divers 2011; 16:173-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sutherlin DP, Bao L, Berry M, Castanedo G, Chuckowree I, Dotson J, Folks A, Friedman L, Goldsmith R, Gunzner J, Heffron T, Lesnick J, Lewis C, Mathieu S, Murray J, Nonomiya J, Pang J, Pegg N, Prior WW, Rouge L, Salphati L, Sampath D, Tian Q, Tsui V, Wan NC, Wang S, Wei B, Wiesmann C, Wu P, Zhu BY, Olivero A. Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally available class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitor (GDC-0980) for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7579-87. [PMID: 21981714 DOI: 10.1021/jm2009327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of 2 (GDC-0980), a class I PI3K and mTOR kinase inhibitor for oncology indications, is described. mTOR inhibition was added to the class I PI3K inhibitor 1 (GDC-0941) scaffold primarily through the substitution of the indazole in 1 for a 2-aminopyrimidine. This substitution also increased the microsomal stability and the free fraction of compounds as evidenced through a pairwise comparison of molecules that were otherwise identical. Highlighted in detail are analogues of an advanced compound 4 that were designed to improve solubility, resulting in 2. This compound, is potent across PI3K class I isoforms with IC(50)s of 5, 27, 7, and 14 nM for PI3Kα, β, δ, and γ, respectively, inhibits mTOR with a K(i) of 17 nM yet is highly selective versus a large panel of kinases including others in the PIKK family. On the basis of the cell potency, low clearance in mouse, and high free fraction, 2 demonstrated significant efficacy in mouse xenografts when dosed as low as 1 mg/kg orally and is currently in phase I clinical trials for cancer.
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Dehnhardt CM, Venkatesan AM, Chen Z, Delos-Santos E, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Brooijmans N, Yu K, Hollander I, Feldberg L, Lucas J, Mallon R. Identification of 2-oxatriazines as highly potent pan-PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4773-8. [PMID: 21763134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently described several highly potent, triazine (1) and triazolopyrimidine (2) scaffold-based, dual PI3K/mTOR-inhibitors (e.g., 1, PKI-587) that were efficacious in both in vitro and in vivo models. In order to further optimize these compounds we devised a novel series, the 2-oxatriazines, which also exhibited excellent potency and good metabolic stability. Some 2-oxatriazines showed promising in vivo biomarker suppression and induced apoptosis in the MDA-MB-361 breast cancer xenograft model.
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Ran T, Lu T, Yuan H, Liu H, Wang J, Zhang W, Leng Y, Lin G, Zhuang S, Chen Y. A selectivity study on mTOR/PI3Kα inhibitors by homology modeling and 3D-QSAR. J Mol Model 2011; 18:171-86. [PMID: 21523553 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular growth, survival and proliferation. mTOR and PI3K have attracted particular attention as cancer targets. These kinases belong to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and therefore have considerable homology in their active sites. To accelerate the discovery of inhibitors with selective activity against mTOR and PI3K as cancer targets, in this work, a homology model of mTOR was developed to identify the structural divergence in the active sites between mTOR and PI3Kα. Furthermore, two highly predictive comparative molecular similarity index analyses (CoMSIA) models were built based on 304 selective inhibitors docked into mTOR and PI3Kα, respectively (mTOR: q(2) = 0.658, r(pre)(2) = 0.839; PI3Kα: q(2) = 0.540, r(pre)(2) = 0.719). The results showed that steric and electrostatic fields have an important influence on selectivity towards mTOR and PI3Kα-a finding consistent with the structural divergence between the active sites. The findings may be helpful in investigating selective mTOR/PI3Kα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ran
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, College of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
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Synthesis of highly substituted 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from 4,6-dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine, amines and aldehydes. Mol Divers 2011; 15:839-47. [PMID: 21509500 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A practical strategy was developed for the preparation of highly substituted 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from 4,6-dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine, primary amines, and aldehydes. The key step for this synthesis entails a cyclization reaction involving an intramolecular amide addition to an iminium intermediate formed in situ from 4-amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 2 and aldehydes to form the pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine core with a strategically placed 5-Cl group for further derivatization. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated through the preparation of a 27-membered library of representative 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones in moderate to good yields.
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Mallon R, Feldberg LR, Lucas J, Chaudhary I, Dehnhardt C, Santos ED, Chen Z, dos Santos O, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Venkatesan A, Hollander I. Antitumor efficacy of PKI-587, a highly potent dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3193-203. [PMID: 21325073 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show preclinical efficacy and clinical development potential of PKI-587, a dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro class 1 PI3K enzyme and human tumor cell growth inhibition assays and in vivo five tumor xenograft models were used to show efficacy. RESULTS In vitro, PKI-587 potently inhibited class I PI3Ks (IC(50) vs. PI3K-α = 0.4 nmol/L), PI3K-α mutants, and mTOR. PKI-587 inhibited growth of 50 diverse human tumor cell lines at IC(50) values of less than 100 nmol/L. PKI-587 suppressed phosphorylation of PI3K/mTOR effectors (e.g., Akt), and induced apoptosis in human tumor cell lines with elevated PI3K/mTOR signaling. MDA-MB-361 [breast; HER2(+), PIK3CA mutant (E545K)] was particularly sensitive to this effect, with cleaved PARP, an apoptosis marker, induced by 30 nmol/L PKI-587 at 4 hours. In vivo, PKI-587 inhibited tumor growth in breast (MDA-MB-361, BT474), colon (HCT116), lung (H1975), and glioma (U87MG) xenograft models. In MDA-MB-361 tumors, PKI-587 (25 mg/kg, single dose i.v.) suppressed Akt phosphorylation [at threonine(T)308 and serine(S)473] for up to 36 hours, with cleaved PARP (cPARP) evident up to 18 hours. PKI-587 at 25 mg/kg (once weekly) shrank large (∼1,000 mm(3)) MDA-MB-361 tumors and suppressed tumor regrowth. Tumor regression correlated with suppression of phosphorylated Akt in the MDA-MB-361 model. PKI-587 also caused regression in other tumor models, and efficacy was enhanced when given in combination with PD0325901 (MEK 1/2 inhibitor), irinotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor), or HKI-272 (neratinib, HER2 inhibitor). CONCLUSION Significant antitumor efficacy and a favorable pharmacokinetic/safety profile justified phase 1 clinical evaluation of PKI-587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mallon
- Department of Oncology, Discovery Medicinal Chemistry, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research now Pfizer, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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Pinson JA, Schmidt-Kittler O, Zhu J, Jennings IG, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Chalmers DK, Thompson PE. Thiazolidinedione-based PI3Kα inhibitors: an analysis of biochemical and virtual screening methods. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:514-22. [PMID: 21360822 PMCID: PMC3187668 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of synthesized and commercially available compounds were assessed against PI3Kα for in vitro inhibitory activity and the results compared to binding calculated in silico. Using published crystal structures of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ co-crystallized with inhibitors as a template, docking was able to identify the majority of potent inhibitors from a decoy set of 1000 compounds. On the other hand, PI3Kα in the apo-form, modeled by induced fit docking, or built as a homology model gave only poor results. A PI3Kα homology model derived from a ligand-bound PI3Kδ crystal structure was developed that has a good ability to identify active compounds. The docking results identified binding poses for active compounds that differ from those identified to date and can contribute to our understanding of structure-activity relationships for PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Pinson
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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