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Cai Z, Wang J, Li Y, Shi Q, Jin L, Li S, Zhu M, Wang Q, Wong LL, Yang W, Lai H, Gong C, Yao Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yao H, Liu Q. Overexpressed Cyclin D1 and CDK4 proteins are responsible for the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor in breast cancer that can be reversed by PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Sci China Life Sci 2023; 66:94-109. [PMID: 35982377 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors are the standard treatment in advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors is inevitable and the strategies to overcome resistance are of great interest. Here, we show that the palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells expressed significantly higher levels of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 proteins because of upregulated protein synthesis. Silencing Cyclin D1 or CDK4 led to cell cycle arrest while silencing Cyclin E1 or CDK2 restored the sensitivity to palbociclib. Furthermore, PI3K/mTOR pathway was hyper-activated in palbociclib-resistant cells, leading to more phosphorylated 4E-BP1 and higher levels of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 translation. Targeting PI3K/mTOR pathway with a specific PI3Kα inhibitor (BYL719) or an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus) reduced the protein levels of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, and restored the sensitivity to palbociclib. The tumor samples expressed significantly higher levels of Cyclin D1, CDK4, p-AKT and p-4E-BP1 after progression on palbociclib treatment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that overexpressed Cyclin D1 and CDK4 proteins lead to the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are able to restore the sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors, which provides the biomarker and rationale for the combinational use of CDK4/6 inhibitors and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors after CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yudong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qianfeng Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shunying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lok Lam Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongna Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan District Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Choong GM, Liddell S, Ferre RAL, O'Sullivan CC, Ruddy KJ, Haddad TC, Hobday TJ, Peethambaram PP, Liu MC, Goetz MP, Giridhar KV. Clinical management of metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (MBC) after CDK 4/6 inhibitors: a retrospective single-institution study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:229-37. [PMID: 36045271 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is), in combination with endocrine therapy (ET), are standard either in the first (1L) or second-line (2L) setting for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the optimal sequencing of treatments after progression on CDK4/6i remains unknown. We performed a single-institution analysis to identify treatments and outcomes after progression on a CDK4/6i. METHODS We identified patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative MBC prescribed a CDK4/6i in the 1L or 2L settings from December 2014 to February 2018 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Outcomes were collected through September 30, 2020. RESULTS Palbociclib, in combination with letrozole or fulvestrant, was the most prescribed CDK4/6i. The 1L and 2L CDK4/6i cohorts exhibited comparable overall survival (OS), but progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in the 1L than the 2L cohort [28.2 months (95% CI 19.6-34.9) vs 19.8 months (95% CI 15.7-29.6)]. The most common post-CDK4/6i treatments were PI3K/mTOR inhibitors (PI3K/mTORi), single-agent ET, or chemotherapy. PFS in the 1L CDK4/6i cohort following PI3K/mTORi was 8.5 months (95% CI 5.5 months-NE), single-agent ET was 6.0 months (95% CI 3.3-14.0 months), and chemotherapy PFS was 5.4 months (95% CI 3.3 months-NE). CONCLUSIONS Following progression on a CDK 4/6i, mPFS was short, with similar PFS times comparing chemotherapy and ET, with slightly longer PFS for targeted strategies (PI3K/mTOR). These results highlight a major need to better understand the mechanisms of CDK4/6i resistance and identify new therapeutic strategies for these patients.
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Xu S, Sun X, Luo L, Yang Y, Guo Q, Tang S, Jiang Z, Li Y, Han J, Gan W, Yang F, Zhang X, Liu Y, Sun C, He J, Liu M, Zuo D, Zhu W, Wu Y. XS-2, a novel potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, exhibits high in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer activity and low toxicity with the potential to inhibit the invasion and migration of triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113537. [PMID: 36113258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer, surpassing lung cancer, with 2.26 million new breast cancers worldwide in 2020. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop effective molecularly targeted therapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer. In this paper, we designed, synthesized and screened a novel thiophene-triazine derivative, XS-2, as a potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancer. Also, XS-2 was found to be potentially effective against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vitro during the investigation. We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of XS-2 on 10 cancer cell lines by MTT and 6 kinases to investigated its in vivo antitumor activity in MCF-7 xenograft tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice. In addition, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity to mice was also assessed by hemolytic toxicity, H&E staining and blood biochemical analysis. In order to investigate the antitumor mechanism of XS-2, a series of experiments were carried out in vitro/in vivo animal model and molecular biological levels such as the cell cycle and the apoptosis assay, real-time PCR, western blot, docking and molecular simulations analysis, etc. What's more, wound healing assay, Transwell and Western Blot were applied to explore the ability of XS-2 to inhibit the cell invasion and migration. The results showed that XS-2 exhibited strong antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activities of XS-2 on ten cancer cell lines were ranging from 1.07 ± 0.11 to 0.002 ± 0.001 μM, which were 1565 times better than that of the lead compound GDC-0941, inhibitory activities against PI3Kα and mTOR kinases were 291.0 and 60.8 nM, respectively. Notably, XS-2 not only showed significant in vivo antitumor activity and low toxicity, with the tumor inhibition rate of 57.0 %, but also exhibited strong inhibitory in the expression of related proteins of PI3K pathway in tumor tissues. In addition, XS-2 significantly inhibited breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and inhibited the migration and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. More than that, XS-2 could inhibit the increase of the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin upregulated by EGF and reversed the E-cadherin expression down regulated by EGF, resulting in inhibiting EMT in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed that XS-2 was expected to be successfully developed as a high-efficiency and low-toxicity breast cancer therapeutic drug with the potential to inhibit the invasion and migration of TNBC. This provides a new research idea for the treatment of TNBC, which is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Leixuan Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiaqian Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenhui Gan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Feiyi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Chuanchuan Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jie He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Kayabasi C, Yelken BO, Asik A, Okcanoglu TB, Sogutlu F, Gasimli R, Susluer SY, Saydam G, Avci CB, Gunduz C. PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibition with VS-5584 enhances anti-leukemic efficacy of ponatinib in blasts and Ph-negative LSCs of chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174446. [PMID: 34461124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib is used for advanced treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), although low doses to prevent side effects do not suppress survival pathways and eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs). We evaluated the potential of ponatinib and PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibitor VS-5584 combination (PoVS) therapy to increase the anti-leukemic effects of ponatinib and investigated the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. We measured the cytotoxicities of ponatinib, VS-5584, and PoVS (CCK-8 assay), and used the median-effect equation for combination analyses. We investigated the effects of inhibitory concentrations on apoptosis, cell viability and cell-cycle regulation (flow cytometry), protein levels (ELISA, Western blot), transcriptional activities (dual-luciferase reporter assay), gene expressions (qRT-PCR). VS-5584 exerted selective cytotoxic effects against CML and LSC cell lines. VS-5584 inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, resulting in reduced cell viability, slightly induced caspase-independent apoptosis, prominent G0/G1 cell-cycle blockade that is not a consequence of quiescence. Normal hematopoietic stem cell line was the least affected. Moreover, ponatinib and VS-5584 mediated synergistic anti-leukemic effects on leukemic cells. VS-5584 reduced the ponatinib dose required to target leukemic cells. PoVS treatment inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway more consistently than either of the two agents alone through reducing p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-PRAS40, p-S6. The subsequent downstream effects were an increase in C/EBP transcriptional activity and decreases in activities of E2F/DP1, Myc/Max, CREB, STAT3, NFκB, AP-1, Elk-1/SRF. Transcriptional regulation resulted in alterations in the expression levels of target mRNAs. Our results highlight PoVS can be a promising treatment strategy for eliminating CML cells and LSCs selectively, with the reduced ponatinib doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guray Saydam
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zauderer MG, Alley EW, Bendell J, Capelletto E, Bauer TM, Callies S, Szpurka AM, Kang S, Willard MD, Wacheck V, Varghese AM. Phase 1 cohort expansion study of LY3023414, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, in patients with advanced mesothelioma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1081-1088. [PMID: 33660194 PMCID: PMC8280020 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LY3023414 is a selective, ATP competitive inhibitor of class I PI3K isoforms, mTORC1/2 and DNA-PK. A Phase 1 dose escalation, 200 mg twice daily (BID) of LY3023414 was the determined recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). We report the antitumor activity and safety of LY3023414 monotherapy in patients with advanced mesothelioma.METHODS Patients enrolled had advanced malignant pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma with measurable disease, ECOG PS 0–1, were refractory or ineligible to receive standard therapies. Patients received LY3023414 200 mg BID. This dose expansion cohort is intended to evaluate preliminary antitumor activity of LY3023414 by overall response rate. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics were assessed. Biomarkers associated with treatment response was an exploratory endpoint. RESULTS Forty-two patients received LY3023414 for a median duration of 11.2 weeks (range: 1.1–53.0). One patient had a confirmed partial response (PR) (ORR 2.4%). Three patients had an unconfirmed PR. Seventeen patients had stable disease (SD) (DCR 43%). Most common adverse events (AEs) included fatigue (43%), nausea (43%), decreased appetite (38%), vomiting (33%), and diarrhea (29%). AEs were mostly mild or moderate. Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported for 21% of patients with fatigue as the most frequent event (10%). Alterations of BAP1 were identified in 11/19 patients as the most common molecular aberration, followed by SETD2 and NF2 alterations. No obvious pattern of genetic changes/mutations in single genes or pathways was associated with anti-tumor activity. CONCLUSION LY3023414 monotherapy (200 mg BID) demonstrated an acceptable and manageable safety profile with limited single-agent activity in patients with advanced mesothelioma. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01655225; Date of registration: 19 July 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie G Zauderer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Taiho Oncology Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute / Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Todd M Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute / Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Suhyun Kang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Volker Wacheck
- Taiho Oncology Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Yang H, Jing H, Han X, Tan H, Cheng W. Synergistic Anticancer Strategy of Sonodynamic Therapy Combined with PI-103 Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:531-542. [PMID: 33603343 PMCID: PMC7886098 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the effective elimination of cancer cells. However, developing novel sonosensitizers with potentially high SDT efficacy remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we utilized near-infrared dye IR820 nanobubbles (NBs) combined with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 for the SDT treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro. Methods The generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to determine the feasibility of using IR820 NBs as a potential sonosensitizer. The inhibition effects of the synergistic therapy was examined using the cell counting Kit 8 assay and apoptosis assay. JC-1 staining was performed to study mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and the transwell assay was used for cell migration analysis. Results The particle size and zeta potential of IR820 NBs were 545.5±93.1 nm and −5.19±1.73 mV, respectively. ROS accumulation was observed after HepG2 cells were treated with IR820 NBs under ultrasound irradiation. The SDT combined with PI-103 group inhibited cell viability and migration more strongly than the other groups (P < 0.01). The apoptosis assay also demonstrated a relatively high anti-HCC efficacy with the synergistic therapy, while JC-1 staining showed a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential after the combined treatment. Conclusion The combination of SDT and PI-103 was very effective in suppressing HCC proliferation, which might help develop new minimally invasive cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyan Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Zhong T, Yi P, Fan C, Zhang Z, Liang G, Xu Y, Fan Y. A new epigallocatechin gallate derivative isolated from Anhua dark tea sensitizes the chemosensitivity of gefitinib via the suppression of PI3K/mTOR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104590. [PMID: 32272164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The acquired resistance to gefitinib limits its clinical application. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been found to enhance the efficacy of gefitinib against resistant. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been completely illuminated in NSCLC. In this study, a new epigallocatechin gallate derivative (2R,3R-6-methoxycarbonylgallocatechin-3-O-gallate, the following referred to as EGCGD) (1) and three known epigallocatechin gallate compounds including epicatechin-3-O-gallate (2), gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (3) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (4, EGCG) were isolated and identified from Anhua dark tea. The pharmacological studies showed EGCGD was more effective against gefitinib-resistant HCC827-Gef cells compared to that of other three epigallocatechin gallate compounds including EGCG, suggesting that introduction of 6-methoxycarbonyl to EGCG might enhance its antitumor activities. Further study on molecular mechanism showed EGCGD increased the potency of gefitinib against HCC827-Gef cells via suppression of epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) and dual inhibition of PI3K/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ping Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Guangyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yongnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China.
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Wang W, Liao L, Wang Y, Li H, Suo Z, Long K, Tang P. Preclinical evaluation of novel PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor SN202 as potential anti-renal cancer agent. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:1015-1022. [PMID: 29799306 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1470733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The PI3K/mTOR pathway is one of the most frequently aberrantly activated pathways in human malignancies, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and contributes to resistance to antitumor therapies. Thus, PI3K/mTOR is an attractive target for the development of antitumor agents. In this study, we evaluated the preclinical effects of a novel inhibitor SN202. We examined Akt/mTOR activities in renal cancer cells after SN202 treatment. The preclinical effects of SN202 on tumor growth were evaluated in renal cancer cells in vitro and in murine xenografts in vivo. SN202 inhibits PI3Kα, PI3Kγ, and mTOR, the corresponding IC50 values were 3.2, 3.3, and 1.2 nM, respectively. In A498, 786-0, and ACHN renal cancer cell lines, SN202 inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibits 786-0 cell growth. Western blot analysis revealed that SN202 decreases the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream signaling molecules, Akt and S6K, in 786-0 renal cancer cells. Furthermore, oral administration of SN202 results in significant inhibition in human renal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice and favourable pharmacokinetic properties in rats. These results suggest that SN202 might be a promising therapeutic agent against RCC as a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- a College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Lidong Liao
- b Sichuan Sinovation Bio-technology Co., LTD , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Yujun Wang
- b Sichuan Sinovation Bio-technology Co., LTD , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Hui Li
- a College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zili Suo
- a College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Kai Long
- b Sichuan Sinovation Bio-technology Co., LTD , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Peixiao Tang
- a College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
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Wu N, Zhu Y, Xu X, Zhu Y, Song Y, Pang L, Chen Z. The anti-tumor effects of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A on inducing autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:987-997. [PMID: 29581778 PMCID: PMC5868166 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect and regulation of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in ESCCs, and to investigate the association between the two markers and clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis. Meanwhile, we explored the anti-tumor effect of the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA on inducing autophagy in ESCC cells. Our study included 118 ESCC tumors and paired non-tumor esophageal mucosa tissues. Beclin-1 and LC3 expression were performed by immunohistochemistry. Human ESCC cells Eca-109 and TE-1 were treated with BEZ235 and TSA either alone or in combination in Vitro. The expression of both Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins were decreased significantly in ESCCs, but there was no significant relation between the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 (P = 0.427). The negative expression of either Beclin-1 or LC3 was associated with advanced TNM stages (P = 0.006 and P<0.001, respectively). Patients with a high expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 predict better prognosis. In Vitro co-treatment with BEZ235 and TSA showed a synergistic effect on inhibition of ESCC cell viability and induction of autophagy with the increasing expressions of Beclin-1, LC3-II and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I. Our results demonstrated that the autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3 were decreased in ESCCs and the low expression of the two markers predicted a worse prognosis. The co-treatment of BEZ235 and TSA significantly induced autophagy and enhanced anti-tumor activities, provided a new effective therapeutic target in ESCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Central laboratory, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liewen Pang
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, HuaShan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Cortés J, Im SA, Holgado E, Perez-Garcia JM, Schmid P, Chavez-MacGregor M. The next era of treatment for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: Triplet combination-based endocrine therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 61:53-60. [PMID: 29100169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the standard of care for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer was single-agent endocrine therapy, which aims to prevent estrogen receptor signaling. This therapeutic strategy has extended survival without the toxicity associated with chemotherapy, but primary endocrine therapy resistance is common, and secondary resistance develops over time. Adjunct downstream inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 pathway, intended to delay and prevent endocrine therapy resistance, has further extended progression-free survival in patients receiving endocrine therapy; however, resistance still eventually develops in these patients. Addition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors to combined CDK4/6 and endocrine inhibitor regimens may help prolong CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. Early trials combining CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K or mTOR inhibitors, and endocrine therapy have shown encouraging signs of clinical activity. However, further research is needed to help understand the extent of treatment benefit from triplet therapy and where this strategy will fit in the treatment sequence for patients with HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cortés
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Holgado
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Baselga Institute of Oncology, Ruber & San Camilo Hospitals, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Perez-Garcia
- Baselga Institute of Oncology, Hospital Quiron, Plaza Alfonso Comín, 5, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Schmid
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Old Anatomy Building, Ashfield Street, London, UK
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Augereau P, Patsouris A, Bourbouloux E, Gourmelon C, Abadie Lacourtoisie S, Berton Rigaud D, Soulié P, Frenel JS, Campone M. Hormonoresistance in advanced breast cancer: a new revolution in endocrine therapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:335-346. [PMID: 28529550 PMCID: PMC5424863 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017693195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer with an overall survival benefit. However, some adaptive mechanisms in the tumor emerge leading to the development of a resistance to this therapy. A better characterization of this process is needed to overcome this resistance and to develop new tailored therapies. Mechanisms of resistance to hormone therapy result in activation of transduction signal pathways, including the cell cycle regulation with cyclin D/CDK4/6/Rb pathway. The strategy of combined hormone therapy with targeted agents has shown an improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) in several phase II or III trials, including three different classes of drugs: mTOR inhibitors, PI3K and CDK4/6 inhibitors. A recent phase III trial has shown that fulvestrant combined with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor doubles PFS in aromatase inhibitor-pretreated postmenopausal ER+ breast cancer. Other combinations are ongoing to disrupt the interaction between PI3K/AKT/mTOR and cyclin D/CDK4/6/Rb pathways. Despite these successful strategies, reliable and reproducible biomarkers are needed. Tumor genomics are dynamic over time, and blood-based biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA represent a major hope to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of endocrine resistance. The optimal combinations and biomarkers to guide this strategy need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Augereau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site Paul Papin, 15 rue Andre Bocquel 49055 Angers Cedex 02, France
| | - Anne Patsouris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site Paul Papin, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bourbouloux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Carole Gourmelon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | | | - Dominique Berton Rigaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Patrick Soulié
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site Paul Papin, France
| | - Jean Sebastien Frenel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Mario Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site Paul Papin, France Department of Medical Oncology, Institut cancerologie de l'ouest site René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
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Jin Z, Qing K, Ouyang Y, Liu Z, Wang W, Li X, Xu Z, Li J. Low dose of lenalidmide and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor trigger synergistic cytoxicity in activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:52. [PMID: 27009084 PMCID: PMC4806505 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) presents aggressive clinical courses and poor prognosis. Targeting key pathways may raise the possibility of improving clinical outcomes. Methods The synergetic effects were assessed by CCK-8 assay and measured by isobologram analysis. The NVP-Bez235 and lenalidomide cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry, Western Blot and si-RNA transfection. The combined treatment inducing tumor regression in vivo was performed in nude mice of OCI-Ly10 xenograft mouse model. Results Low dose of two agents represented significant inhibition of proliferation with CI value < 1. NVP-Bez235 combined with lenalidomide remarkably increased apoptosis through intrinsic pathway by upregulating Bim, Bax and downregulating Bcl-xL. Akt, especially NF-κB, played an important role in the synergetic effects. Cotreatment also induced the cell cycle to be arrested in G0/G1 phase, and decreased S phase by increasing p21 expression, downregulating cyclinA and diminishing CDK2 phosphorylation in Su-DHL2 and OCI-Ly3 but not in OCI-Ly10. Mice treated with NVP-Bez235/lenalidomide represented obvious tumor growth regression and prolonged overall survival. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the synergistic effect of low dose of NVP-Bez235 and lenalidomide in ABC-DLBCL, the underlying mechanism may be multifunctional, involving apoptosis, Akt and NF-κB inactivation and cell cycle arrest. Cotreatment was also effective in vivo. These data pave the way for potential treatment of ABC-DLBCL with combination of NVP-Bez235 and lenalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zizhen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junmin Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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