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Gasimli R, Kayabasi C, Ozmen Yelken B, Asik A, Sogutlu F, Celebi C, Yilmaz Susluer S, Kamer S, Biray Avci C, Haydaroglu A, Gunduz C. The effects of PKI-402 on breast tumor models' radiosensitivity via dual inhibition of PI3K/mTOR. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1961-1970. [PMID: 37389464 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation causes relapse and resistance after radiotherapy in breast cancer (BC). We aimed to radiosensitize BC cell lines to irradiation (IR) by PKI-402, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. METHODS We performed cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, hanging drop, apoptosis and double-strand break detection, and phosphorylation of 16 essential proteins involved in the PI3K/mTOR pathway. RESULTS Our findings showed that PKI-402 has cytotoxic efficiency in all cell lines. Clonogenic assay results showed that PKI-402 plus IR inhibited the colony formation ability of MCF-7 and breast cancer stem cell lines. Results showed that PKI-402 plus IR causes more apoptotic cell death than IR alone in the MCF-7 cells but did not cause significant changes in the MDA-MB-231. γ-H2AX levels were increased in MDA-MB-231 in PKI-402 plus IR groups, whereas we did not observe any apoptotic and γ-H2AX induction in BCSCs and MCF-10A cells in all treatment groups. Some pivotal phosphorylated proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreased, several proteins increased and others did not change. CONCLUSION In conclusion, if the combined use of PKI-402 with radiation is supported by in vivo studies, it can contribute to the treatment options and the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caglar Celebi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serra Kamer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Haydaroglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Kayabasi C, Yelken BO, Asik A, Okcanoglu TB, Sogutlu F, Gasimli R, Susluer SY, Saydam G, Avci CB, Gunduz C. PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibition with VS-5584 enhances anti-leukemic efficacy of ponatinib in blasts and Ph-negative LSCs of chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174446. [PMID: 34461124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib is used for advanced treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), although low doses to prevent side effects do not suppress survival pathways and eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs). We evaluated the potential of ponatinib and PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibitor VS-5584 combination (PoVS) therapy to increase the anti-leukemic effects of ponatinib and investigated the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. We measured the cytotoxicities of ponatinib, VS-5584, and PoVS (CCK-8 assay), and used the median-effect equation for combination analyses. We investigated the effects of inhibitory concentrations on apoptosis, cell viability and cell-cycle regulation (flow cytometry), protein levels (ELISA, Western blot), transcriptional activities (dual-luciferase reporter assay), gene expressions (qRT-PCR). VS-5584 exerted selective cytotoxic effects against CML and LSC cell lines. VS-5584 inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, resulting in reduced cell viability, slightly induced caspase-independent apoptosis, prominent G0/G1 cell-cycle blockade that is not a consequence of quiescence. Normal hematopoietic stem cell line was the least affected. Moreover, ponatinib and VS-5584 mediated synergistic anti-leukemic effects on leukemic cells. VS-5584 reduced the ponatinib dose required to target leukemic cells. PoVS treatment inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway more consistently than either of the two agents alone through reducing p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-PRAS40, p-S6. The subsequent downstream effects were an increase in C/EBP transcriptional activity and decreases in activities of E2F/DP1, Myc/Max, CREB, STAT3, NFκB, AP-1, Elk-1/SRF. Transcriptional regulation resulted in alterations in the expression levels of target mRNAs. Our results highlight PoVS can be a promising treatment strategy for eliminating CML cells and LSCs selectively, with the reduced ponatinib doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guray Saydam
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Sogutlu F, Kayabasi C, Yelken BO, Asik A, Gasimli R, Kipcak S, Susluer SY, Avci CB, Gunduz C. The Evaluation of Effect of Aurora Kinase Inhibitor CCT137690 in Melanoma and Melanoma Cancer Stem Cell. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1564-1574. [PMID: 33106151 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666201026155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the cell cycle is one of the main causes of melanomagenesis. Genomewide studies showed that the expression of Aurora -A and -B significantly has been upregulated in melanoma. However, there is no FDA approved drug targeting aurora kinases in the treatment of melanoma. In addition, the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of melanoma and, as a result, the relapse due to heterogeneous cell groups in patients is a second phenomenon that causes treatment failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic alternatives targeting both melanoma and Melanoma Cancer Stem Cells (MCSCs) in treatments. At this stage, cell cycle regulators become promising targets. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of Aurora kinase inhibitor CCT137690 on the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and colony formation and expression changes of genes related to proliferation, cell death and cell cycle in melanoma and melanoma cancer stem cell. In addition, we investigated the apoptotic and cytostatic effects of CCT137690 in normal fibroblast cells. METHODS We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of CCT137690 in MCSCs, NM2C5 referring as melanoma model cells and WI-38 cells by using the WST-1 test. The effect of CCT137690 on apoptosis was detected via Annexin V and JC-1 method; on cell cycle progression by cell cycle test; on gene expression by using RT-PCR, on migration activity by wound healing assay and clonal growth by clonogenic assay in NM2C5 cells and MCSCs. The effects of CCT137690 in WI-38, referring as healthy fibroblast cell, were assessed through Annexin V and cell cycle method. RESULTS CCT137690 was determined to have a cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in MCSCs and melanoma. It caused polyploidy and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in MCSCs and melanoma cells. The significant decrease in the expression of MMP2, MMP7, MMP10, CCNB1, IRAK1, PLK2 genes, and the increase in the expression of PTEN, CASP7, p53 genes were detected. CONCLUSION Aurora kinases inhibitor CCT137690 displays promising anticancer activity in melanoma and especially melanoma cancer stem cells. The effect of CCT137690 on melanoma and MCSC may provide a new approach to treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Besra O Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sezgi Kipcak
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Y Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir B Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medicine Faculty, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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Sogutlu F, Kayabasi C, Ozmen Yelken B, Asik A, Gasimli R, Dogan F, Yilmaz Süslüer S, Biray Avcı C, Gunduz C. The effect of ICRT-3 on Wnt signaling pathway in head and neck cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:380-395. [PMID: 30145828 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Wnt pathway in head and neck cancer could not be elucidated, even though the aberrant Wnt signaling plays a key role in the development of many types of cancer. The inhibitor of β-catenin responsive transcription (ICRT-3) blocks the Wnt signaling pathway by binding to β-catenin, which is a coactivator of the Wnt signaling pathway and a promising agent for inhibiting aberrant signaling. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ICRT-3 on the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration, and gene expressions in head and neck cancer stem cell (HNCSC) and hypopharynx cancer. The effect of this compound on cytotoxicity and cell viability in FaDu and HNCSC line was assessed by using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 method. The effect of ICRT-3 on apoptosis was detected by using Annexin V and caspase-3, caspase-9 kit, on cell cycle progression by cycle test plus DNA reagent kit, on gene expression by dual luciferase reporter assay, and on migration activity by wound healing assay in both cell lines. ICRT-3 was determined to have cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in both cell lines. In addition, it was also found that the administration of ICRT-3 caused cell cycle arrest and significant decrease in gene expression level and migration ability of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sogutlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagla Kayabasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Gasimli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Süslüer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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