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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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Li G, Lou M, Qi X. A brief overview of classical natural product drug synthesis and bioactivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript briefly overviewed the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of eight classical natural products, which emphasizes the important role of total synthesis in natural product-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Structure-Activity Relationships of the Antimalarial Agent Artemisinin 10. Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Enantiomers of rac-5β-Hydroxy-d-Secoartemisinin and Analogs: Implications Regarding the Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144163. [PMID: 34299438 PMCID: PMC8304634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of rac-6-desmethyl-5β–hydroxy-d-secoartemisinin 2, a tricyclic analog of R-(+)-artemisinin 1, was accomplished and the racemate was resolved into the (+)-2b and (−)-2a enantiomers via their Mosher Ester diastereomers. Antimalarial activity resided with only the artemisinin-like enantiomer R-(−)-2a. Several new compounds 9–16, 19a, 19b, 22 and 29 were synthesized from rac-2 but the C-5 secondary hydroxyl group was surprisingly unreactive. For example, the formation of carbamates and Mitsunobu reactions were unsuccessful. In order to assess the unusual reactivity of 2, a single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed a close intramolecular hydrogen bond from the C-5 alcohol to the oxepane ether oxygen (O-11). All products were tested in vitro against the W-2 and D-6 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Several of the analogs had moderate activity in comparison to the natural product 1. Iron (II) bromide-promoted rearrangement of 2 gave, in 50% yield, the ring-contracted tetrahydrofuran 22, while the 5-ketone 15 provided a monocyclic methyl ketone 29 (50%). Neither 22 nor 29 possessed in vitro antimalarial activity. These results have implications in regard to the antimalarial mechanism of action of artemisinin.
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Oguri H. Synthesis and Structural Diversification of Artemisinins towards the Generation of Potent Anti-malarial Agents. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Bonepally KR, Takahashi N, Matsuoka N, Koi H, Mizoguchi H, Hiruma T, Ochiai K, Suzuki S, Yamagishi Y, Oikawa H, Ishiyama A, Hokari R, Iwatsuki M, Otoguro K, O Mura S, Kato N, Oguri H. Rapid and Systematic Exploration of Chemical Space Relevant to Artemisinins: Anti-malarial Activities of Skeletally Diversified Tetracyclic Peroxides and 6-Aza-artemisinins. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9694-9712. [PMID: 32610901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To achieve both structural changes and rapid synthesis of the tetracyclic scaffold relevant to artemisinins, we explored two kinds of de novo synthetic approaches that generate both skeletally diversified tetracyclic peroxides and 6-aza-artemisinins. The anti-malarial activities of the tetracyclic peroxides with distinct skeletal arrays, however, were moderate and far inferior to artemisinins. Given the privileged scaffold of artemisinins, we next envisioned element implantation at the C6 position with a nitrogen without the trimmings of substituents and functional groups. This molecular design allowed the deep-seated structural modification of the hitherto unexplored cyclohexane moiety (C-ring) while keeping the three-dimensional structure of artemisinins. Notably, this approach induced dramatic changes of retrosynthetic transforms that allow an expeditious catalytic asymmetric synthesis with generation of substitutional variations at three sites (N6, C9, and C3) of the 6-aza-artemisinins. These de novo synthetic approaches led to the lead discovery with substantial intensification of the in vivo activities, which undermine the prevailing notion that the C-ring of artemisinins appears to be merely a structural unit but to be a functional area as the anti-malarial pharmacophore. Furthermore, we unexpectedly found that racemic 6-aza-artemisinin (33) exerted exceedingly potent in vivo efficacies superior to the chiral one and the first-line drug, artesunate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakar Reddy Bonepally
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Norihito Takahashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsuoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hikari Koi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Haruki Mizoguchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hiruma
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ochiai
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shun Suzuki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamagishi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aki Ishiyama
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Rei Hokari
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Otoguro
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Mura
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kato
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Ewies EF, El-Sayed NF, Boulos LS. The Behaviour of Bis(Diphenylphosphino)Alkanes towards Different Active Centres. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14655742365588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes with benzophenone, bis(piperidinocarbonyl)diazene, isatin, and quinoxaline1,4-di- N-oxide have been studied and the products characterised by elemental analysis and spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewies F. Ewies
- Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F. El-Sayed
- Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Leila S. Boulos
- Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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7
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Ovakimyan MZ, Gasparyan GT, Movsisyan ML, Grigoryan MR. Spontaneous dehydrogenation of 2-hydrazinoethyl- and 4-hydrazinobut-2-enylphosphonium salts. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mahapatra RK, Behera N, Naik PK. Molecular modeling and evaluation of binding mode and affinity of artemisinin-quinine hybrid and its congeners with Fe-protoporphyrin-IX as a putative receptor. Bioinformation 2012; 8:369-80. [PMID: 22570518 PMCID: PMC3346024 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent rational approach to anti-malarial drug design is characterized as "covalent biotherapy" involves linking of two molecules with individual intrinsic activity into a single agent, thus packaging dual activity into a single hybrid molecule. In view of this background and reported anti malaria synergism between artemisinin and quinine; we describe the computer-assisted docking to predict molecular interaction and binding affinity of Artemisinin-Quinine hybrid and its derivatives with the intraparasitic haeme group of human haemoglobin. Starting from a crystallographic structure of Fe-protoporphyrin-IX, binding modes, orientation of peroxide bridge (Fe-O distance), docking score and interaction energy are predicted using the docking molecular mechanics based on generalized Born/surface area (MM-GBSA) solvation model. Seven new ligands were identified with a favourable glide score (XP score) and binding free energy (ΔG) with reference to the experimental structure from a data set of thirty four hybrid derivatives. The result shows the conformational property of the drug-receptor interaction and may lead to rational design and synthesis of improved potent artemisinin based hybrid antimalarial that target haemozoin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanta Mahapatra
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Burla, Odisha-768019, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751024, India.
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Shah F, Gut J, Legac J, Shivakumar D, Sherman W, Rosenthal PJ, Avery MA. Computer-aided drug design of falcipain inhibitors: virtual screening, structure-activity relationships, hydration site thermodynamics, and reactivity analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:696-710. [PMID: 22332946 DOI: 10.1021/ci2005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Falcipains (FPs) are hemoglobinases of Plasmodium falciparum that are validated targets for the development of antimalarial chemotherapy. A combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening of commercial databases was performed to identify structural analogs of virtual screening hits previously discovered in our laboratory. A total of 28 low micromolar inhibitors of FP-2 and FP-3 were identified and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in each series was elaborated. The SAR of the compounds was unusually steep in some cases and could not be explained by a traditional analysis of the ligand-protein interactions (van der Waals, electrostatics, and hydrogen bonds). To gain further insights, a statistical thermodynamic analysis of explicit solvent in the ligand binding domains of FP-2 and FP-3 was carried out to understand the roles played by water molecules in binding of these inhibitors. Indeed, the energetics associated with the displacement of water molecules upon ligand binding explained some of the complex trends in the SAR. Furthermore, low potency of a subset of FP-2 inhibitors that could not be understood by the water energetics was explained in the context of poor chemical reactivity of the reactive centers of these compounds. The present study highlights the importance of considering energetic contributors to binding beyond traditional ligand-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falgun Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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10
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Boulos LS, Abdel-Malek HA, El-Sayed NF, Moharam ME. Reactions of 1,1′-(Azodicarbonyl)Dipiperidine with Organophosphorus Reagents. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2011.586386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila S. Boulos
- a Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Abdel-Malek
- a Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Naglaa F. El-Sayed
- a Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maysa E. Moharam
- b Department of Microbial Chemistry , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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Wu Y, Li Y, Wittlin S. Access to Some UV Chromophore-Containing Antimalarial Trioxanes Using Hydrogen Peroxide as Source of the Peroxy Bonds. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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A golden phoenix arising from the herbal nest — A review and reflection on the study of antimalarial drug Qinghaosu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11458-010-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Naik PK, Srivastava M, Bajaj P, Jain S, Dubey A, Ranjan P, Kumar R, Singh H. The binding modes and binding affinities of artemisinin derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum Ca2+-ATPase (PfATP6). J Mol Model 2010; 17:333-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Srivastava M, Singh H, Naik PK. Application of the linear interaction energy method for rational design of artemisinin analogues as haeme polymerisation inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 20:327-355. [PMID: 19544195 DOI: 10.1080/10629360902949294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The anti-malarial activity of artemisinin-derived drugs appears to be mediated by an interaction of the drug's endoperoxide bridge with intra-parasitic haeme. The binding affinity of artemisinin analogues with haeme were computed using linear interaction energy with a surface generalised Born (LIE-SGB) continuum solvation model. Low levels of root mean square error (0.348 and 0.415 kcal/mol) as well as significant correlation coefficients (r(2) = 0.868 and 0.892) between the experimental and predicted free energy of binding (FEB) based on molecular dynamics and hybrid Monte Carlo sampling techniques establish the SGB-LIE method as an efficient tool for generating more potent inhibitors of haeme polymerisation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173215, Himachal Pradesh, India
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De novo identification and stability of the artemisinin pharmacophore: Studies of the reductive decomposition of deoxyartemisinins and deoxyarteethers and the implications for the mode of antimalarial action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Preparation and reactions of 3-phosphinyl-1-aza-1,3-butadienes. Synthesis of phosphorylated pyridine and pyrazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Palacios F, Aparicio D, López Y, de los Santos JM. Synthesis of functionalized α-amino-phosphine oxides and -phosphonates by addition of amines and aminoesters to 4-phosphinyl- and 4-phosphonyl-1,2-diaza-1,3-butadienes. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sriram D, Rao VS, Chandrasekhara KVG, Yogeeswari P. Progress in the research of artemisinin and its analogues as antimalarials: an update. Nat Prod Res 2004; 18:503-27. [PMID: 15595609 DOI: 10.1080/14786410310001620556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the number one infectious disease in the world today. Worldwide, over two million people die each year from malaria. This shocking reality is largely due to the emergence of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from Artemesia annua has been shown to be a fast acting, safe and effective drug against multidrug-resistant and sensitive strains of P. falciparum. This article reports a survey of the literature dealing with artemisinin related antimalarial issues that have appeared from 1980s to the beginning of 2003. A broad range of medical and pharmaceutical disciplines is covered, including a brief introduction about discovery, phytochemical aspects, antimalarial mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and major drawbacks and various structural modifications made to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031, Rajasthan, India
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Bhisutthibhan J, Meshnick SR. Immunoprecipitation of [(3)H]dihydroartemisinin translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) adducts from Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes by using anti-TCTP antibodies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2397-9. [PMID: 11451708 PMCID: PMC90665 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.8.2397-2399.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives are endoperoxide-containing antimalarial drugs that appear to form adducts in situ with the Plasmodium falciparum translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) homolog. Immunoprecipitation with antibody to recombinant TCTP suggests that adducts may form with both monomeric and dimeric TCTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bhisutthibhan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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21
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Palacios F, Aparicio D, de los Santos JM, Vicario J. Regioselective alkylation reactions of hydrazones derived from phosphine oxides and phosphonates. Synthesis of phosphorus substituted 1-amino-pyrrolones, pyridinones and pyrroles. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Posner GH, Maxwell JP, O'Dowd H, Krasavin M, Xie S, Shapiro TA. Antimalarial sulfide, sulfone, and sulfonamide trioxanes. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1361-70. [PMID: 10896113 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of trioxanes featuring sulfide, sulfone, and sulfonamide substituents in diverse positions has been prepared. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) generalizations highlight two major factors controlling the antimalarial potency of these new chemical entities: (1) the proximity of the sulfur-containing substituent to the crucial peroxide bond and (2) the oxidation state of the sulfur-containing substituent. Generally, sulfones are more antimalarially potent than the corresponding sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Provot O, Camuzat-Dedenis B, Hamzaoui M, Moskowitz H, Mayrargue J, Robert A, Cazelles J, Meunier B, Zouhiri F, Desmaële D, d'Angelo J, Mahuteau J, Gay F, Cicéron L. Structure–Activity Relationships of Synthetic Tricyclic Trioxanes Related to Artemisinin: The Unexpected Alkylative Property of a 3-(Methoxymethyl) Analog. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199908)1999:8<1935::aid-ejoc1935>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of peroxidic antimalarials based on artemisinin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1067-5698(99)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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25
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P. Sharma R, K. Bhattacharya A. Recent Developments on the Chemistry and Biological Activity of Artemisinin and Related Antimalarials — An Update. HETEROCYCLES 1999. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-98-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zouhiri F, Desmaële D, d'Angelo J, Mahuteau J, Riche C, Gay F, Cicéron L. Artemisinin Tricyclic Analogs Bearing a Methyl Group at C-5a: Preparation and Antimalarial Activity. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199812)1998:12<2897::aid-ejoc2897>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hamzaoui M, Provot O, Camuzat-Dedenis B, Moskowitz H, Mayrargue J, Cicéron L, Gay F. Wittig reaction: A new route to α-methoxyketones. Application to the synthesis of simplified analogs of artemisinin. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nowak DM, Lansbury PT. Synthesis of (+)-artemisinin and (+)-deoxoartemisinin from arteannuin B and arteannuic acid. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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