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Sałat K, Zaręba P, Awtoniuk M, Sałat R. Naturally Inspired Molecules for Neuropathic Pain Inhibition-Effect of Mirogabalin and Cebranopadol on Mechanical and Thermal Nociceptive Threshold in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:7862. [PMID: 38067591 PMCID: PMC10708129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is drug-resistant to available analgesics and therefore novel treatment options for this debilitating clinical condition are urgently needed. Recently, two drug candidates, namely mirogabalin and cebranopadol have become a subject of interest because of their potential utility as analgesics for chronic pain treatment. However, they have not been investigated thoroughly in some types of neuropathic pain, both in humans and experimental animals. METHODS This study used the von Frey test, the hot plate test and the two-plate thermal place preference test supported by image analysis and machine learning to assess the effect of intraperitoneal mirogabalin and subcutaneous cebranopadol on mechanical and thermal nociceptive threshold in mouse models of neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin. RESULTS Mirogabalin and cebranopadol effectively attenuated tactile allodynia in models of neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin and paclitaxel. Cebranopadol was more effective than mirogabalin in this respect. Both drugs also elevated the heat nociceptive threshold in mice. In the oxaliplatin model, cebranopadol and mirogabalin reduced cold-exacerbated pain. CONCLUSIONS Since mirogabalin and cebranopadol are effective in animal models of neuropathic pain, they seem to be promising novel therapies for various types of neuropathic pain in patients, in particular those who are resistant to available analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michał Awtoniuk
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Sałat
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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2
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives with tricyclic cage structures in the lipophilic domain as GABA uptake inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new class of GABA reuptake inhibitors with sterically demanding, highly rigid tricyclic cage structures as the lipophilic domain was synthesized and investigated in regard to their biological activity at the murine GABA transporters (mGAT1–mGAT4). The construction of these compounds, consisting of nipecotic acid, a symmetric tricyclic amine, and a plain hydrocarbon linker connecting the two subunits via their amino nitrogens, was accomplished via reductive amination of a nipecotic acid derivative with an N-alkyl substituent displaying a terminal aldehyde function with tricyclic secondary amines. The target compounds varied with regard to spacer length, the bridge size of one of the bridges, and the substituents of the tricyclic skeleton to study the impact of these changes on their potency. Among the tested compounds nipecotic acid ethyl ester derivates with phenyl residues attached to the cage subunit showed reasonable inhibitory potency and subtype selectivity in favor of mGAT3 and mGAT4, respectively.
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3
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorescent GAT-ligands based on asymmetric substituted BODIPY dyes. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Chávez-Riveros A, Hernández-Vázquez E, Nieto-Camacho A, Ramírez-Apan T, Miranda LD. Synthesis of diphenylamine macrocycles and their anti-inflammatory effects. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1423-1435. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A collection of fourteen diphenylamine macrocyclic derivatives containing a peptide chain with different substituents was synthesized using a protocol of two Ugi four component reactions (Ugi-4CR) and a Buchwald–Hartwig macrocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Instituto de Química
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Mexico
| | - Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Instituto de Química
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Mexico
| | - Luis D. Miranda
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Instituto de Química
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Mexico
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5
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Sowa AR, Brooks AF, Shao X, Henderson BD, Sherman P, Arteaga J, Stauff J, Lee AC, Koeppe RA, Scott PJH, Kilbourn MR. Development of Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracers for the GABA Transporter 1. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2767-2773. [PMID: 29763549 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex has been accomplished using radiolabeled benzodiazepine derivatives, but development of specific presynaptic radioligands targeting the neuronal membrane GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) has been less successful. The availability of new structure-activity studies of GAT-1 inhibitors and the introduction of a GAT-1 inhibitor (tiagabine, Gabatril) into clinical use prompted us to reinvestigate the syntheses of PET ligands for this transporter. Initial synthesis and rodent PET studies of N-[11C]methylnipecotic acid confirmed the low brain uptake of that small and polar molecule. The common design approach to improve blood-brain barrier permeability of GAT-1 inhibitors is the attachment of a large lipophilic substituent. We selected an unsymmetrical bis-aromatic residue attached to the ring nitrogen by a vinyl ether spacer from a series recently reported by Wanner and coworkers. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of an aryl chloride precursor with [18F]fluoride was used to prepare the desired candidate radiotracer ( R, E/ Z)-1-(2-((4-fluoro-2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl)styryl)oxy)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid (( R, E/ Z)-[18F]10). PET studies in rats showed no brain uptake, which was not altered by pretreatment of animals with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor cyclosporine A, indicating efflux by Pgp was not responsible. Subsequent PET imaging studies of ( R, E/ Z)-[18F]10 in rhesus monkey brain showed very low brain uptake. Finally, to test if the free carboxylic acid group was the likely cause of poor brain uptake, PET studies were done using the ethyl ester derivative of ( R, E/ Z)-[18F]10. Rapid and significant monkey brain uptake of the ester was observed, followed by a slow washout over 90 min. The blood-brain barrier permeability of the ester supports a hypothesis that the free acid function limits brain uptake of nipecotic acid-based GAT-1 radioligands, and future radiotracer efforts should investigate the use of carboxylic acid bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Sowa
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Allen F. Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bradford D. Henderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Philip Sherman
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janna Arteaga
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jenelle Stauff
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam C. Lee
- E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, DuPont Haskell Global Center for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Michael R. Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Lutz T, Wein T, Höfner G, Pabel J, Eder M, Dine J, Wanner KT. Development of New Photoswitchable Azobenzene Based γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Uptake Inhibitors with Distinctly Enhanced Potency upon Photoactivation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6211-6235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Lutz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wein
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pabel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Dine
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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7
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Lutz T, Wein T, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Development of Highly Potent GAT1 Inhibitors: Synthesis of Nipecotic Acid Derivatives withN-Arylalkynyl Substituents. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:362-371. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Lutz
- Department for Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Wein
- Department for Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department for Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department for Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
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8
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Ogata S, Shimizu T, Ishibashi T, Ishiyone Y, Hanami M, Ito M, Ishii A, Kawaguchi S, Sugimoto K, Hasegawa M. Water-soluble lanthanide complexes with a helical ligand modified for strong luminescence in a wide pH region. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent helical lanthanide complexes with hydrophilicity were examined for stability and reversibility in a pH region between 1.9 and 11.9.
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9
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Petrera M, Wein T, Allmendinger L, Sindelar M, Pabel J, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Development of Highly Potent GAT1 Inhibitors: Synthesis of Nipecotic Acid Derivatives by Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:519-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Wein
- Department of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Research; Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Lars Allmendinger
- Department of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Research; Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Miriam Sindelar
- Department Pharmacology; Weill Cornell Medical College; LC-428 1300 York Avenue New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Jörg Pabel
- Department of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Research; Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Research; Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy; Center for Drug Research; Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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10
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Jurik A, Zdrazil B, Holy M, Stockner T, Sitte HH, Ecker GF. A binding mode hypothesis of tiagabine confirms liothyronine effect on γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1). J Med Chem 2015; 58:2149-58. [PMID: 25679268 PMCID: PMC4360375 DOI: 10.1021/jm5015428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Elevating
GABA levels in the synaptic cleft by inhibiting its reuptake
carrier GAT1 is an established approach for the treatment of CNS disorders
like epilepsy. With the increasing availability of crystal structures
of transmembrane transporters, structure-based approaches to elucidate
the molecular basis of ligand–transporter interaction also
become feasible. Experimental data guided docking of derivatives of
the GAT1 inhibitor tiagabine into a protein homology model of GAT1
allowed derivation of a common binding mode for this class of inhibitors
that is able to account for the distinct structure–activity
relationship pattern of the data set. Translating essential binding
features into a pharmacophore model followed by in silico screening
of the DrugBank identified liothyronine as a drug potentially exerting
a similar effect on GAT1. Experimental testing further confirmed the
GAT1 inhibiting properties of this thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jurik
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Kern FT, Wanner KT. Generation and Screening of Oxime Libraries Addressing the Neuronal GABA Transporter GAT1. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:396-410. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Kim BS, Hussain MM, Hussain N, Walsh PJ. Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective allylic substitution, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, and allene formation of bifunctional 2-B(pin)-substituted allylic acetate derivatives. Chemistry 2014; 20:11726-39. [PMID: 25077980 PMCID: PMC4219321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A formidable challenge at the forefront of organic synthesis is the control of chemoselectivity to enable the selective formation of diverse structural motifs from a readily available substrate class. Presented herein is a detailed study of chemoselectivity with palladium-based phosphane catalysts and readily available 2-B(pin)-substituted allylic acetates, benzoates, and carbonates. Depending on the choice of reagents, catalysts, and reaction conditions, 2-B(pin)-substituted allylic acetates and derivatives can be steered into one of three reaction manifolds: allylic substitution, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, or elimination to form allenes, all with excellent chemoselectivity. Studies on the chemoselectivity of Pd catalysts in their reactivity with boron-bearing allylic acetate derivatives led to the development of diverse and practical reactions with potential utility in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Seon Kim
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA, Fax: +12155736743, Tel: +12155732875
| | - Mahmud M. Hussain
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA, Fax: +12155736743, Tel: +12155732875
| | - Nusrah Hussain
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA, Fax: +12155736743, Tel: +12155732875
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA, Fax: +12155736743, Tel: +12155732875
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13
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Cyclopropane-based conformational restriction of GABA by a stereochemical diversity-oriented strategy: identification of an efficient lead for potent inhibitors of GABA transports. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4938-50. [PMID: 23886812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclopropane-based conformationally restricted γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogs with stereochemical diversity, that is, the trans- and cis-2,3-methano analogs Ia and Ib and their enantiomers ent-Ia and ent-Ib, and also the trans- and cis-3,4-methano analogs IIa and IIb and their enantiomers ent-IIa and ent-Iib, were synthesized from the chiral cyclopropane units Type-a and Type-b that we developed. These analogs were systematically evaluated with four GABA transporter (GAT) subtypes. The trans-3,4-methano analog IIa had inhibitory effects on GAT3 (IC50=23.9μM) and betaine-GABA transporter1 (5.48μM), indicating its potential as an effective lead compound for the development of potent GAT inhibitors due to its hydrophilic and low molecular weight properties and excellent ligand efficiency.
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14
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Jurik A, Reicherstorfer R, Zdrazil B, Ecker GF. Classification of High-Activity Tiagabine Analogs by Binary QSAR Modeling. Mol Inform 2013; 32:415-419. [PMID: 23956803 PMCID: PMC3743161 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jurik
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria phone/fax: +431-4277-55110/-9551
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15
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Quandt G, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Synthesis and evaluation of N-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives with an unsymmetrical bis-aromatic residue attached to a vinyl ether spacer as potential GABA uptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3363-78. [PMID: 23598250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). A malfunction of the GABAergic neurotransmission is connected to several neuronal disorders like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, and depression. One possibility to enhance GABA levels in the synaptic cleft is to inhibit mGAT1, one of the four known plasma membrane bound GABA transporters, which is considered the most important GABA transporter subtype, being in charge of the removal of GABA from the synaptic cleft after a neuronal impulse. Lipophilic derivatives of nipecotic acid like Tiagabine (Gabitril®), an approved drug used in add-on therapy of epilepsy, are known to inhibit uptake of mGAT1 with high subtype selectivity and affinity. We synthesized new N-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives with a vinyl ether spacer and an unsymmetrical bis-aromatic residue, which carries fluorine substituents at various positions of the aromatic ring-system. The new compounds were characterized with respect to their potency and subtype selectivity as mGAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Quandt
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
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16
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Zdrazil B, Jurik A, Sitte HH, Ecker GF. Pairwise structural comparison of tiagabine analogs gives new insights into their protein binding modes. J Cheminform 2013. [PMCID: PMC3606244 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-5-s1-p32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Sindelar M, Lutz TA, Petrera M, Wanner KT. Focused Pseudostatic Hydrazone Libraries Screened by Mass Spectrometry Binding Assay: Optimizing Affinities toward γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1323-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301800j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sindelar
- Center for Drug Research, Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University at Munich, Butenandtstrasse
9-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Toni A. Lutz
- Center for Drug Research, Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University at Munich, Butenandtstrasse
9-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marilena Petrera
- Center for Drug Research, Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University at Munich, Butenandtstrasse
9-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Center for Drug Research, Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University at Munich, Butenandtstrasse
9-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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18
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Sharma D, Kumar S, Shil AK, Guha NR, Bandna, Das P. Solid supported palladium(0) nano/microparticle: a ligand-free efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for mono- and β,β-double-Heck reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Neuronal and non-neuronal GABA transporters as targets for antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Ulbrich HK, Luxenburger A, Prech P, Eriksson EE, Soehnlein O, Rotzius P, Lindbom L, Dannhardt G. A novel class of potent nonglycosidic and nonpeptidic pan-selectin inhibitors. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5988-99. [PMID: 17004713 DOI: 10.1021/jm060468y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An early step of the inflammatory response, the rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells, is mediated by selectin/carbohydrate interactions. The tetrasaccharide sialy Lewisx is a ligand for E-, P-, and L-selectin and therefore serves as a lead structure for the development of analogues. A combination of synthesis and structure-based design allowed rapid optimization. The current lead 2a was evaluated in our E-selectin cell flow chamber assay where it proved to inhibit rolling and adhesion with an IC50 of 28+/-7 microM. The assays used are predictive for the in vivo efficacy of test compounds as shown for 2a in a proteose peptone induced peritonitis model of acute inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Ulbrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Clausen RP, Madsen K, Larsson OM, Frølund B, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Schousboe A. Structure–Activity Relationship and Pharmacology of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Transport Inhibitors. GABA 2006; 54:265-84. [PMID: 17175818 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(06)54011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Praetorius Clausen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Structural Features of the Binding Site for Diphenin and other Anticonvulsants belonging to the Group of Sodium Channel Blockers. Pharm Chem J 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-006-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Clausen RP, Moltzen EK, Perregaard J, Lenz SM, Sanchez C, Falch E, Frølund B, Bolvig T, Sarup A, Larsson OM, Schousboe A, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Selective inhibitors of GABA uptake: synthesis and molecular pharmacology of 4-N-methylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:895-908. [PMID: 15653355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of lipophilic diaromatic derivatives of the glia-selective GABA uptake inhibitor (R)-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol [(R)-exo-THPO, 4] were synthesized via reductive amination of 3-ethoxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-4-one (9) or via N-alkylation of O-alkylatedracemic 4. The effects of the target compounds on GABA uptake mechanisms in vitro were measured using a rat brain synaptosomal preparation or primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons and glia cells (astrocytes), as well as HEK cells transfected with cloned mouse GABA transporter subtypes (GAT1-4). The activity against isoniazid-induced convulsions in mice after subcutaneous administration of the compounds was determined. All of the compounds were potent inhibitors of synaptosomal uptake the most potent compound being (RS)-4-[N-(1,1-diphenylbut-1-en-4-yl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol (17a, IC50 = 0.14 microM). The majority of the compounds showed a weak preference for glial, as compared to neuronal, GABA uptake. The highest degree of selectivity was 10-fold corresponding to the glia selectivity of (R)-N-methyl-exo-THPO (5). All derivatives showed a preference for the GAT1 transporter, as compared with GAT2-4, with the exception of (RS)-4-[N-[1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl]-N-methylamino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol (28d), which quite surprisingly turned out to be more potent than GABA at both GAT1 and GAT2 subtypes. The GAT1 activity was shown to reside in (R)-28d whereas (R)-28d and (S)-28d contributed equally to GAT2 activity. This makes (S)-28d a GAT2 selective compound, and (R)-28d equally effective in inhibition of GAT1 and GAT2 mediated GABA transport. All compounds tested were effective as anticonvulsant reflecting that these compounds have blood-brain barrier permeating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus P Clausen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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N'goka V, Stenbøl TB, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Schlewer G. Synthesis and GABA uptake inhibitory properties of 6-aryl iminoxymethyl substituted nipecotic acids. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:889-95. [PMID: 15464623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nipecotic acid derivatives bearing an aryl iminoxymethyl side chain at the position 6 were synthesised and tested for their GABA uptake inhibitory properties. Contrarily to the N-substituted derivatives 2, 3 the introduction of the oxime function in the side chain of analogues of the active nipecotic derivative 4 does neither increase, nor maintain the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N'goka
- Faculté de pharmacie, UMR7081 du CNRS, laboratoire de pharmacochimie de la communication cellulaire, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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25
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Frolovskii VA, Studnev YN, Garibova TL, Voronina TA. Some aspects in the search for anticonvulsants (a review). Pharm Chem J 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-005-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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N'Goka V, Bissantz C, Bisel P, Stenbøl TB, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Schlewer G. Syntheses and GABA uptake properties of 6-ether- and 6-enol ether-substituted nipecotic acids. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:633-8. [PMID: 15236844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
6-aralkylether- and 6-arylenol-ether-substituted nipecotic acids were synthesized. These analogues are poor GABA uptake inhibitors. The electronegative region concept developed in the N-substituted nipecotic acid series cannot be transferred on the side chain of this series of 6-substituted analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N'Goka
- Laboratoire de pharmacochimie de la communication cellulaire UMR7081 du CNRS, faculté de pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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27
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Svennebring A, Nilsson P, Larhed M. Microwave-Promoted and Chelation-Controlled Double Arylations of Terminal Olefinic Carbon of Vinyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2004; 69:3345-9. [PMID: 15132541 DOI: 10.1021/jo035815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a rapid, palladium-catalyzed terminal diarylation of the chelating olefin N,N-dimethyl(2-ethenyloxy)ethanamine under noninert conditions utilizing controlled microwave heating as a convenient energy source. Among the aryl bromides examined, both electron-rich and electron-poor substrates were demonstrated to furnish useful yields after only 10-120 min of directed microwave heating at 160-200 degrees C. The good terminal regioselectivity suggests that the precatalyst (Herrmann's palladacycle) serves as a source of weakly coordinated palladium(0) in the investigated high-temperature Heck process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Svennebring
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Organ MG, Arvanitis EA, Dixon CE, Cooper JT. Controlling chemoselectivity in vinyl and allylic C-X bond activation with palladium catalysis: a pK(a)-based electronic switch. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:1288-94. [PMID: 11841298 DOI: 10.1021/ja011508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the same Pd catalyst can be used to effect allylic substitution or vinylic cross-coupling reactions selectively and interchangeably on polyfunctionalized olefin building blocks despite the differences in reaction mechanism. This was achieved by altering the pK(a) of the conjugate acid of the allylic leaving group while keeping the vinyl coupling partner constant. In the case of 2,3-dibromo-1-propene, Pd-catalyzed allylic ionization with malonate nucleophile proceeded selectively and quantitatively in the presence of the Suzuki reaction components necessary for cross-coupling. Conversely, the bromide of 2-bromo-1-(4-ethylphenoxy)-2-propene could be cross-coupled selectively without activation of the allylic phenoxy substituent. In both reactions, the same catalyst could then be used to complete the sequence, which typically involved heating as the trigger to promote the second, more reluctant reaction. Mechanistic considerations as well as synthetic applications demonstrating the value of this interchangeable catalyzed sequence are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Organ
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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29
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Andersen KE, Lau J, Lundt BF, Petersen H, Huusfeldt PO, Suzdak PD, Swedberg MD. Synthesis of novel GABA uptake inhibitors. Part 6: preparation and evaluation of N-Omega asymmetrically substituted nipecotic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:2773-85. [PMID: 11597457 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a previous series of potent GABA uptake inhibitors published from this laboratory, we noticed that asymmetry in the substitution pattern of the bis-aromatic moiety in known GABA uptake inhibitors such as 4 [1-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid] and 5 [(R)-1-(4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid] was beneficial for high affinity. This led us to investigate asymmetric analogues of known symmetric GABA uptake inhibitors in which one of the aryl groups has been exchanged with an alkyl, alkylene or cycloalkylene moiety as well as other modifications in the lipophilic part. The in vitro values for inhibition of [(3)H]-GABA uptake in rat synaptosomes was determined for each compound, and it was found that several of the novel compounds inhibit GABA uptake as potently as their known symmetrical reference analogues. Several of the novel compounds were also evaluated for their ability to inhibit clonic seizures induced by a 15 mg/kg (ip) dose of methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM) in vivo. Some of the compounds, for example 18 [(R)-1-(2-(((1,2-bis(2-fluorophenyl)ethylidene)amino)oxy)ethyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid], show a high in vivo potency and protective index comparable with that of our recently launched anticonvulsant product, 5 [(R)-1-(4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid], and may therefore serve as second-generation drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Andersen
- Health Care Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK 2760, Måløv, Denmark.
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30
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Shaikh NS, Deshpande VH, Bedekar AV. Clay catalyzed chemoselective Michael type addition of aliphatic amines to α,β-ethylenic compounds. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Andersen KE, Sørensen JL, Lau J, Lundt BF, Petersen H, Huusfeldt PO, Suzdak PD, Swedberg MD. Synthesis of novel gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitors. 5.(1) Preparation and structure-activity studies of tricyclic analogues of known GABA uptake inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2152-63. [PMID: 11405652 DOI: 10.1021/jm990513k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the SAR of a series of known gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitors, including 4 (SKF 89976), new tricyclic analogues have been prepared. These novel compounds are derivatives of nipecotic acid, guvacine, and homo-beta-proline, substituted at the nitrogen of these amino acids by various lipophilic moieties such as (10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)alkoxyalkyl or (10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)alkoxyalkyl. The in vitro values for inhibition of [(3)H]-GABA uptake in rat synaptosomes was determined for each compound in this new series, and it was found that several of the novel compounds showed a high potency comparable with that of the reference compounds 4, 5 (tiagabine), and 6 (CI-966). Several of the novel compounds were also evaluated for their ability in vivo to inhibit clonic seizures induced by a 15 mg/kg (ip) dose of methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM). One compound, (R)-1-(2-(2-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid (23), was selected for further biological investigations and showed a protective index comparable to or slightly better than that of the recently launched anticonvulsant product 5 ((R)-1-(4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Andersen
- Health Care Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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32
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Organ MG, Mayhew D, Cooper JT, Dixon CE, Lavorato DJ, Kaldor SW, Siegel MG. Solution phase synthesis of libraries of variably substituted olefin scaffolds: a library of allylic amines. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2001; 3:64-7. [PMID: 11148064 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of allylic amine libraries derived from olefin templates is described. The two-step, solution phase reaction sequence consists of amination of the template followed by Suzuki coupling and expedited purification via ion exchange chromatography. The methodology has been used to synthesize a 1344-member allylic amine library.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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33
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Organ MG, Kaldor SW, Dixon CE, Parks DJ, Singh U, Lavorato DJ, Isbester PK, Siegel* MG. The synthesis of ethanolamine libraries from olefin scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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