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Fernandes NM, Fache F, Rosen M, Nguyen PL, Hansen DE. Rapid Cleavage of Unactivated, Unstrained Amide Bonds at Neutral pH. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6413-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800706y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Photochimie et Synthèse, Université de Lyon CNRS, ICBMS UMR 5246, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Fabienne Fache
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Photochimie et Synthèse, Université de Lyon CNRS, ICBMS UMR 5246, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Mari Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Photochimie et Synthèse, Université de Lyon CNRS, ICBMS UMR 5246, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Phuong-Lan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Photochimie et Synthèse, Université de Lyon CNRS, ICBMS UMR 5246, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - David E. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Photochimie et Synthèse, Université de Lyon CNRS, ICBMS UMR 5246, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
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Sevilla S, Forns P, Fernàndez JC, de la Figuera N, Eastwood P, Albericio F. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 1,3-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-2,2-dioxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Millet R, Domarkas J, Houssin R, Gilleron P, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Logé C, Pommery N, Pommery J, Hénichart JP. Potent and Selective Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6812-20. [PMID: 15615530 DOI: 10.1021/jm030502y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel series of CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics as farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). These compounds possess an N-(4-piperidinyl)benzamide scaffold mimicking A(1)A(2) residue. Extensive exploration of structure--activity relationships revealed that replacement of cysteine by substituted benzylimidazoles provided nanomolar FTIs with in vitro activities (18e, IC(50) = 4.60 nM on isolated enzyme, EC(50) = 20.0 nM for growth inhibition on a tumor cell line). The molecular docking of 18e and 19e in the active site of the enzyme provided details of key interactions with the protein and showed that the methionine or phenylalanine residue fits into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Millet
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, BP 83 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France
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Polley MJ, Winkler DA, Burden FR. Broad-Based Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Modeling of Potency and Selectivity of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Using a Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6230-8. [PMID: 15566293 DOI: 10.1021/jm049621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyltransferase show potential as novel anticancer agents. There are many known inhibitors, but efforts to build predictive SAR models have been hampered by the structural diversity and flexibility of inhibitors. We have undertaken for the first time a QSAR study of the potency and selectivity of a large, diverse data set of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. We used novel molecular descriptors based on binned atomic properties and invariants of molecular matrices and a robust, nonlinear QSAR mapping paradigm, the Bayesian regularized neural network. We have built robust QSAR models of farnesyltransferase inhibition, geranylgeranyltransferase inhibition, and in vivo data. We have derived a novel selectivity index that allows us to model potency and selectivity simultaneously and have built robust QSAR models using this index that have the potential to discover new potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Polley
- Centre for Complexity in Drug Design, CSIRO Molecular Science, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton 3169, Australia
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Beaudoin S, Kinsey KE, Burns JF. Preparation of unsymmetrical sulfonylureas from N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazoles. J Org Chem 2003; 68:115-9. [PMID: 12515469 DOI: 10.1021/jo026505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic methods reported in the literature for the preparation of sulfonylureas tend to be restricted in scope or unsuitable for use in parallel synthesis. We have developed a method for preparing sterically congested sulfonylureas based on N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazole that is both convenient and amenable to parallel synthesis. Sequential activation by way of alkylation of the imidazole group using methyl triflate followed by nucleophilic displacement with a variety of amines and anilines afford the unsymmetrical sulfonylurea. Sulfonylureas prepared from anilines were obtained in high yields using N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazole, while the somewhat more sterically congested analogue, N,N'-sulfurylbis-2-methylimidazole, proved to be superior for alkylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Beaudoin
- Department of Chemistry, Icagen Inc., P.O. Box 14487, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Houssin R, Pommery J, Salaün MC, Deweer S, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Hénichart JP. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of new farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:533-6. [PMID: 11784157 DOI: 10.1021/jm010297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics are described as Ras farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). They include cysteine and methionine as mimetics of the C-terminus sequence of farnesylated proteins. Furthermore, cysteine was replaced by heterocycles, taking into account the role of zinc and the metabolic instability of amino acids. The molecular docking of 8 in the active site of the enzyme and the pharmacological evaluation of the compounds are illustrative of a new class of FTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Houssin
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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Ohkanda J, Lockman JW, Kothare MA, Qian Y, Blaskovich MA, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD. Design and synthesis of potent nonpeptidic farnesyltransferase inhibitors based on a terphenyl scaffold. J Med Chem 2002; 45:177-88. [PMID: 11754590 DOI: 10.1021/jm0103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By modification of key carboxylate, hydrophobic, and zinc-binding groups projected from a sterically restricted terphenyl scaffold, a series of simple and nonpeptide mimetics of the Cys-Val-Ile-Met tetrapeptide substrate of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) have been designed and synthesized. A crystal structure of 4-nitro-2-phenyl-3'-methoxycarbonylbiphenyl shows that the triphenyl fragment provides a large hydrophobic surface that potentially mimics the hydrophobic side chains of the three terminal residues in the tetrapeptide. 2-Phenyl-3-(N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)amino-3'carboxylbiphenyl, in which the free thiol group was replaced with a 1-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole group, shows submicromolar inhibition activity against FTase in vitro and inhibits H-Ras processing in whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohkanda
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Krishna G, Chen K, Lin C, Nomeir AA. Permeability of lipophilic compounds in drug discovery using in-vitro human absorption model, Caco-2. Int J Pharm 2001; 222:77-89. [PMID: 11404034 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly lipophilic compounds are often encountered in the early stages of drug discovery. The apparent permeability (Papp) of these compounds in Caco-2 cell could be underestimated because of considerable retention by the Caco-2 monolayer and non-specific binding to transwell surface. We have utilized a general approach for the determination of permeability of these compounds, which includes the addition of 1-5% DMSO in the apical (AP) and 4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the basolateral (BA) side. Two highly lipophilic and highly protein bound Schering compounds, SCH-A and SCH-B, exhibited poor recovery and low Papp in the conventional Caco-2 system that included 1% DMSO in the AP and BA sides. In contrast, both compounds were well absorbed in cynomolgus monkeys. Inclusion of BSA (up to 4%) in the BA side provided necessary absorptive driving force similar to in vivo sink conditions improving both recovery and Papp of these compounds as well as progesterone, a model highly lipophilic and highly protein bound compound. Whereas, the recovery and Papp of mannitol (high recovery, low permeability) and propranolol (high recovery, high permeability) remained unaffected. The presence of 4% BSA increased Papp of SCH-A, SCH-B, and progesterone by five-, four-, and three-fold, respectively. We also compared this approach with a second, based on the disappearance of the compound from the AP side, which resulted in a reasonable estimate of the permeability (23.3x10(-6) cm/s) for SCH-A. The results demonstrated that the reliable estimates of permeability of highly lipophilic compounds that are subjected to considerable retention by the cell monolayer and exhibit non-specific binding are obtained by the addition of BSA to the BA side.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krishna
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K15-2-2650 Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Ohkanda J, Lockman JW, Yokoyama K, Gelb MH, Croft SL, Kendrick H, Harrell MI, Feagin JE, Blaskovich MA, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD. Peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase show potent antimalarial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:761-4. [PMID: 11277514 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria continues to represent a very serious health problem in the tropics. The current methods of clinical treatment are showing deficiencies due to the increased incidence of resistance in the parasite. In the present paper we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of potential antimalarial agents against a novel target, protein farnesyltransferase. We show that the most potent compounds are active against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro at submicromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ohkanda
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Henlin JM, Boutin JA, Kucharczyk N, Desmet-Beaufort C, Loynel A, Bertrand M, Genton A, Tucker GC, Atassi G, Fauchére JL. From peptide libraries to optimized nonpeptide ligands in the search for S-farnesyltransferase inhibitors. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 57:85-96. [PMID: 11168892 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A complete 331,776-member library of tetrapeptides made of 24 amino acid building blocks was synthesized robotically on solid phase and subjected to a deconvolution based on the inhibitory potency of the sublibraries in a HPLC assay of the S-farnesyltransferase activity in vitro. One of the non-natural peptide and noncysteine-containing leads Nip-Trp-Phe-His (Nip=p-nitrophenyl-L-alanine) was optimized chemically to give a proteolytically stable pseudopeptide with a 200-fold potency compared with the original lead. The final compound was converted to the C-terminal ethyl ester: p-F-C6H4-CO(CH2)2-CO-Bta-D-Phepsi[CH2NH]His-OEt (Bta = benzothienyl-L-alanine) and shown to behave as a prodrug which was hydrolyzed back to the C-terminal acid following cell penetration. The method confirmed that several structurally original leads can be discovered in large libraries when deconvolution relies upon a highly specific assay and that these leads can be optimized by chemical modification to impart the final compound the desired pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Henlin
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
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Hunt JT, Ding CZ, Batorsky R, Bednarz M, Bhide R, Cho Y, Chong S, Chao S, Gullo-Brown J, Guo P, Kim SH, Lee FY, Leftheris K, Miller A, Mitt T, Patel M, Penhallow BA, Ricca C, Rose WC, Schmidt R, Slusarchyk WA, Vite G, Manne V. Discovery of (R)-7-cyano-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3- (phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (BMS-214662), a farnesyltransferase inhibitor with potent preclinical antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3587-95. [PMID: 11020273 DOI: 10.1021/jm000248z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuing structure-activity studies were performed on the 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(imidazol-4-ylalkyl)-1,4-benzodiazepine farnesyltransferase (FT) inhibitors. These studies demonstrated that a 3(R)-phenylmethyl group, a hydrophilic 7-cyano group, and a 4-sulfonyl group bearing a variety of substituents provide low-nanomolar FT inhibitors with cellular activity at concentrations below 100 nM. Maximal in vivo activity in the mutated K-Ras bearing HCT-116 human colon tumor model was achieved with analogues carrying hydrophobic side chains such as propyl, phenyl, or thienyl attached to the N-4 sulfonyl group. Several such compounds achieved curative efficacy when given orally in this model. On the basis of its excellent preclinical antitumor activity and promising pharmacokinetics, compound 20 (BMS-214662, (R)-7-cyano-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thie nyl sulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine) has been advanced into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hunt
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Chemistry Core Resources, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Oncology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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Ding CZ, Hunt JT, Ricca C, Manne V. 3-Imidazolylmethylaminophenylsulfonyltetrahydroquinolines, a novel series of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:273-5. [PMID: 10698452 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 3-imidazolylmethylaminophenylsulfonyltetrahydroquinolines as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are presented. A working pharmacophore of inhibiting farnesyltransferase by this series of inhibitors is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Ding
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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