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Pospelov EV, Sukhorukov AY. Building Up a Piperazine Ring from a Primary Amino Group via Catalytic Reductive Cyclization of Dioximes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11794. [PMID: 37511552 PMCID: PMC10380651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperazine is one of the most frequently found scaffolds in small-molecule FDA-approved drugs. In this study, a general approach to the synthesis of piperazines bearing substituents at carbon and nitrogen atoms utilizing primary amines and nitrosoalkenes as synthons was developed. The method relies on sequential double Michael addition of nitrosoalkenes to amines to give bis(oximinoalkyl)amines, followed by stereoselective catalytic reductive cyclization of the oxime groups. The method that we developed allows a straightforward structural modification of bioactive molecules (e.g., α-amino acids) by the conversion of a primary amino group into a piperazine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Pospelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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2
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Kumar B, Kumar N, Thakur A, Kumar V, Kumar R, Kumar V. A Review on the Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Various Neurological Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:729-751. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220117104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Neurological disorders are disease conditions related to the neurons and central nervous system (CNS). Any kind of structural, electrical, biochemical and functional abnormalities in neurons can lead to various types of disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, etc. Currently available medicines are symptomatic and do not treat the disease state. Thus, novel CNS active agents with the potential of complete treatment of an illness are highly desired. A range of small organic molecules are being explored as potential drug candidates for the cure of different neurological disorders. In this context, arylpiperazine has been found to be a versatile scaffold and indispensable pharmacophore in many CNS active agents. A number of molecules with arylpiperazine nucleus have been developed as potent leads for the treatment of AD, PD, depression and other disorders. The arylpiperazine nucleus can be optionally substituted at different chemical structures and offer flexibility for the synthesis of large number of derivatives. In the current review article, we have explored the role of various arylpiperazine containing scaffolds against different neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and depression. The structure-activity relationship studies were conducted for recognizing potent lead compounds. This review article may provide important clues on the structural requirements for the design and synthesis of effective molecules as curative agents for different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
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3
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Wang S, Dong G, Sheng C. Structural simplification: an efficient strategy in lead optimization. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:880-901. [PMID: 31649841 PMCID: PMC6804494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trend toward designing large hydrophobic molecules for lead optimization is often associated with poor drug-likeness and high attrition rates in drug discovery and development. Structural simplification is a powerful strategy for improving the efficiency and success rate of drug design by avoiding “molecular obesity”. The structural simplification of large or complex lead compounds by truncating unnecessary groups can not only improve their synthetic accessibility but also improve their pharmacokinetic profiles, reduce side effects and so on. This review will summarize the application of structural simplification in lead optimization. Numerous case studies, particularly those involving successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug-like candidates, will be introduced and analyzed to illustrate the design strategies and guidelines for structural simplification.
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Key Words
- 11β-HSD, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
- AM2, adrenomedullin-2 receptor
- BIOS, biology-oriented synthesis
- CCK, cholecystokinin receptor
- CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide
- Drug design
- Drug discovery
- GlyT1, glycine transport 1
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HLM, human liver microsome
- JAKs, Janus tyrosine kinases
- LE, ligand efficiency
- Lead optimization
- LeuRS, leucyl-tRNA synthetase
- MCRs, multicomponent reactions
- MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
- MW, molecular weight
- NP, natural product
- NPM, nucleophosmin
- PD, pharmacodynamic
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PKC, protein kinase C
- Pharmacophore-based simplification
- Reducing chiral centers
- Reducing rings number
- SAHA, vorinostat
- SAR, structure‒activity relationship
- SCONP, structural classification of natural product
- Structural simplification
- Structure-based simplification
- TSA, trichostatin A
- TbLeuRS, T. brucei LeuRS
- ThrRS, threonyl-tRNA synthetase
- VANGL1, van-Gogh-like receptor protein 1
- aa-AMP, aminoacyl-AMP
- aa-AMS, aminoacylsulfa-moyladenosine
- aaRSs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
- hA3 AR, human A3 adenosine receptor
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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4
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Martino MV, Guandalini L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Ghelardini C, Romanelli MN. Piperazines as nootropic agents: New derivatives of the potent cognition-enhancer DM235 carrying hydrophilic substituents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1795-1803. [PMID: 28238510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The piperazine ring of the potent nootropic drug DM235 has been decorated with H-bond donor and acceptor groups (CH2OH, CH2OMe, CH2OCOMe, COOEt); the aim was to insert new functional groups, suitable for further chemical manipulation. The influence of these modifications on nootropic activity was assessed by means of the mouse passive avoidance test; some of the newly synthesized molecules (alcohol 7b, acetate 8b and ester 10d) showed interesting in vivo potency. This makes it possible to use these functional groups for adding other residues, in order to increase molecular diversity, or for anchoring a biotin group, to obtain compounds useful to capture the biological target. Moreover, the new compounds will improve our knowledge of structure activity relationships of this family of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Martino
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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5
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Suliman NA, Mat Taib CN, Mohd Moklas MA, Adenan MI, Hidayat Baharuldin MT, Basir R. Establishing Natural Nootropics: Recent Molecular Enhancement Influenced by Natural Nootropic. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:4391375. [PMID: 27656235 PMCID: PMC5021479 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4391375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nootropics or smart drugs are well-known compounds or supplements that enhance the cognitive performance. They work by increasing the mental function such as memory, creativity, motivation, and attention. Recent researches were focused on establishing a new potential nootropic derived from synthetic and natural products. The influence of nootropic in the brain has been studied widely. The nootropic affects the brain performances through number of mechanisms or pathways, for example, dopaminergic pathway. Previous researches have reported the influence of nootropics on treating memory disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Those disorders are observed to impair the same pathways of the nootropics. Thus, recent established nootropics are designed sensitively and effectively towards the pathways. Natural nootropics such as Ginkgo biloba have been widely studied to support the beneficial effects of the compounds. Present review is concentrated on the main pathways, namely, dopaminergic and cholinergic system, and the involvement of amyloid precursor protein and secondary messenger in improving the cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azuin Suliman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Aras 9 Bangunan FF3, UiTM Puncak Alam, Bandar Baru Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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6
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Piplani P, Danta CC. Design and synthesis of newer potential 4-(N-acetylamino)phenol derived piperazine derivatives as potential cognition enhancers. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Gualtieri F. Unifi nootropics from the lab to the web: a story of academic (and industrial) shortcomings. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:187-94. [PMID: 25831025 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1021252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a review of the work of my former academic group of research in the past 15 years, in the field of cognition enhancers (also called nootropics) that identified two very potent molecules: Unifiram and Sunifiram that for a variety of reasons were not protected by a patent. Some 12 years after their disclosure (2000) I casually found that on the web, there were dozens of sites offering Unifiram and Sunifiram as drugs that improve cognition in healthy individuals even if only few preclinical studies were done and their long-term toxicity was unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Gualtieri
- a Department of Neurosciences , Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Fi) , Italy
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8
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Substituted piperazines as nootropic agents: 2- or 3-phenyl derivatives structurally related to the cognition-enhancer DM235. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1700-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Sudhakar G, Bayya S, Reddy KJ, Sridhar B, Sharma K, Bathula SR. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of the Proposed Structure of Piperazirum, Its Stereoisomers and Analogues. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Di Fabio R, Alvaro G, Braggio S, Carletti R, Gerrard PA, Griffante C, Marchioro C, Pozzan A, Melotto S, Poffe A, Piccoli L, Ratti E, Tranquillini E, Trower M, Spada S, Corsi M. Identification, biological characterization and pharmacophoric analysis of a new potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist clinical candidate. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Moriguchi S, Tanaka T, Narahashi T, Fukunaga K. Novel nootropic drug sunifiram enhances hippocampal synaptic efficacy via glycine-binding site ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Hippocampus 2013; 23:942-51. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Tomoya Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Toshio Narahashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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12
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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13
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Reyes A, Huerta L, Alfaro M, Navarrete A. Synthesis and nootropic activity of some 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one derivatives structurally related with piracetam. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2718-26. [PMID: 21072771 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-ones structurally related with piracetam (=2-oxopyrrolidine-1-acetamide) have been synthesized and tested for their nootropic effects in the passive avoidance test in mice. Compounds (RS)-2, (R,R)-3, and (R,S)-3 were obtained in good yields in only two steps starting from methyl DL-phthaloylalanine. Compound (RS)-2 exhibited nootropic activity at lower doses than piracetam, used as reference drug, but it showed lower efficacy. Whereas diastereoisomers (R,R)-3 and (R,S)-3 were as potent as piracetam to revert amnesia induced by scopolamine, (R,S)-3 showed lower efficacy than (R,R)-3. Only (R,R)-3 showed myorelaxant effect at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg; other compounds did not exhibit any anticonvulsant, sedative, myorelaxant, or impaired motor-coordination effect in mice. These synthesized 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one derivatives constitute a new kind of nootropic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelfo Reyes
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla 5 de Mayo esquina Fuerte de Loreto, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, México D. F., México.
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14
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Design, synthesis and nootropic activity of new analogues of sunifiram and sapunifiram, two potent cognition-enhancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7606-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Design, synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new analogues of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram) as cognition modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:10034-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Romanelli MN, Galeotti N, Ghelardini C, Manetti D, Martini E, Gualtieri F. Pharmacological characterization of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), new potent cognition enhancers. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2006; 12:39-52. [PMID: 16834757 PMCID: PMC6741768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram) are potent cognition-enhancers, which are four order of magnitude more potent than piracetam. These compounds, although not showing affinity in binding studies for the most important central receptors or channels, are able to prevent amnesia induced by modulation of several neurotransmission systems. These compounds are able to increase the release of acetylcholine from rat cerebral cortex, and, as far as unifiram is concerned, to increase the amplitude of fEPSP in rat hippocampal slices. In vitro experiments, performed on hippocampal slices, also supported the hypothesis of a role of the AMPA receptors for the cognition-enhancing properties of unifiram and sunifiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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17
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Bedürftig S, Wünsch B. Synthesis and receptor binding studies of 3-substituted piperazine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:387-96. [PMID: 16446011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to find novel receptor ligands various substituents were introduced into the side chain in position 3 of the piperazine 5. During nucleophilic substitution of the hydroxy group of 5 aziridinium ions were formed, resulting in rearranged 1,4-diazepanes and piperazines as side products. 1,2-anellated piperazines 15, 18 and 19 were prepared by hydrogenation of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ester 13 and by condensation of the primary amine 16b with formaldehyde, respectively. Receptor binding studies with radioligands revealed that the phenylacetamide 17b interacts with moderate affinity (K(i) = 181 nM) and considerable selectivity with sigma(1) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bedürftig
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Münster, Germany
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18
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Scapecchi S, Martini E, Manetti D, Ghelardini C, Martelli C, Dei S, Galeotti N, Guandalini L, Novella Romanelli M, Teodori E. Structure–activity relationship studies on unifiram (DM232) and sunifiram (DM235), two novel and potent cognition enhancing drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:71-85. [PMID: 14697772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships on two novel potent cognition enhancing drugs, unifiram (DM232, 1) and sunifiram (DM235, 2), are reported. Although none of the compounds synthesised reached the potency of the parent drugs, some fairly active compounds have been identified that may represent new leads to develop other cognition enhancing drugs. An interesting result of this research is the identification of two compounds (13 and 14) that are endowed with amnesing activity (the opposite of the activity of the original molecules) and are nearly equipotent to scopolamine. Moreover, two compounds of the series (5 and 6) were found endowed with analgesic activity on a rat model of neuropathic pain at the dose of 1 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
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19
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Scapecchi S, Martelli C, Ghelardini C, Guandalini L, Martini E, Gualtieri F. 2-pyrrolidinone moiety is not critical for the cognition-enhancing activity of piracetam-like drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 58:715-22. [PMID: 13679165 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Following the indications of previous work, 2-pyrrolidinone moiety of piracetam and piracetam-like compounds has been opened to the corresponding amide derivatives. As found previously in the case of 1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-9-one compounds, the cognition-enhancing activity of 2-pyrrolidinone compounds is maintained in most cases, suggesting that this moiety is not crucial for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy.
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20
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Manetti D, Martini E, Ghelardini C, Dei S, Galeotti N, Guandalini L, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E, Bartolini A, Gualtieri F. 4-Aminopiperidine derivatives as a new class of potent cognition enhancing drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2303-6. [PMID: 12824022 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion of one of the nitrogens of the piperazine ring of potent nootropic drugs previously described gave 4-aminopiperidine analogues that maintained high cognition enhancing activity in the mouse passive avoidance test. One of the new compounds (9, active at 0.01 mg/kg ip) may represent a new lead for the development of cognition enhancers useful to treat the cognitive deficit produced by neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Manetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121, Firenze, Italy
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21
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Ferber B, Lemaire S, Mader MM, Prestat G, Poli G. A new access to 3,5-disubstituted piperazinones via Pd(0)-catalyzed amination. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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The novel nootropic compound DM232 (UNIFIRAM) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and rats. Drug Dev Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Weigl M, Wünsch B. Synthesis of chiral non-racemic 3-(dioxopiperazin-2-yl)propionic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bedürftig S, Weigl M, Wünsch B. (1-Benzylpiperazin-2-yl)methanols: novel EPC synthesis from (S)-serine and transformation into ligands for central nervous system receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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